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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A15036	The honorable reputation of a souldier with a morall report, of the vertues, offices, and (by abuse) the disgrace of his profession. Drawen out of the liues, documents, and disciplines, of the most renowned Romaine, Grecian, and other famous martialistes. By George Whetstone, Gent.	Whetstone, George, 1544?-1587?	1585 (1585)	STC 25339; ESTC S111682	22,474	44

THE HONORABLE REPVTATION of a Souldier With a Morall Report of the Vertues Offices and by abuse the Disgrace of his profession Drawen out of the liues documents and disciplines of the most renowned Romaine Grecian and other famous Martialistes By George Whetstone Gent. Malgre de Fortune Imprinted at London by Richard Iones dwelling neere vnto Holburne Bridge 1585. To the most worthy Gent. Sir William Russell Knight accomplishment of his honorable desire SIR hauing I may truly saye with much labour compiled a booke Intituled The English Mirour the first part setting ●orth The Conquests of Enuy cōtaining ruine and subuertion of the auncient M●narchies and common weales c. The second part shewing Enuy to be conquered by Vertue publishing the peaceable victories of her Maiestie to Gods ●ye glorie and vniuersall wonder The third part intituled A Fortresse against Enuy wherin euery good cōmon wealths-man may see the true offices vertues and by abuse the disgrace of his profession But because the booke is of some volume I cannot haue it speedily printed and for that occasiō now at this present maketh passadge for this Subiet being a member or si●all parcell of the fore-recited booke Therefore as a testimonie of the zeale which I beare to your worship and euery worthy person whose profession is Martiall I reuerently submit my trauell to be censur'd by your able iudgement which medleth no whit with Millitarie execution but altogether with Morall goue●nmēt necessarie for a perfect Souldier For if I my selfe which haue béene brought vp among the Muses in our English onely peaceable and happy gouernmēt should take vppon mee to set forth the order of battailes th'aduantages of places the benifits of stratagems with many other Millitary regards both offenciue and defenciue I might for my hyre iustly receaue the scoffe that Hamball gaue vnto the Philosopher Phormio who vpon such an indiscrete discriptiō ●ould him that The Art millitarie was sooner learned of Souldiers in the brode fields thē of Philosophers in close scoles And certainly Haniball aunswered more like Philosopher then Phormio reasoned like a Souldier for Experiēce is y e true Teacher of all Artes and therefore that honorable part of a Souldier which containeth Martiall execution I leaue to the report of the well experiēced Captaine and no doubt among the worthie English Capt●●nes there are some that can vse both Caesars pen and sword My trauell which worketh betweene fire and frost as I haue saide onely containeth The Moral vertues honorable Reputatiō of a Souldier And certainly two of the greatest partes therof Caesar setteth forth i● that which bee calleth his chiefest glorie which was Mamillus vpō occasiō asked Caesar what thing hee had done wherein hee held him selfe most honored I sweare vnto thee MAMILLVS by the immortall Gods sayd CESAR that I haue done nothing whereof I hould my selfe so much honored and happy as for that I haue liberally rewarded those which haue serued mee and mercifully haue forgiuen such as haue offended me Words and vertues beseeming Caesar and without which Caesar could neuer haue beene Monarcke of the whole worlde for the Captaine that lib●rally rewardeth his Souldiers shall haue his souldiers resolute in execution and who showeth mercy to his Enimie shal conquer millions with loue The Spainiard is so insolent and outragious where he ouercommeth as hee is hated to death of those which ●baye him for f●are I haue séene ample experience therof both in the Duchy of Millaine and kingdome of Naples And your god fauour and patience desired I shall show no impertinent example In the yeare 1580. in which year the Pope and his confederates hoped to haue had a great day in Englande whose expectation God alwayes frustrate my selfe with one other English Gentleman who in this commendation will haue his name concealed were at Thurin intertained into the companie of a worthy Gentleman of Picardie named Monseur Dobart who was then ready to trauell into Italy and being all lodged one night in a Garrison town in the Duchy of Millain neare vnto the Riuer of Poo at the middest of supper a haughtie proude Spaniard came and sat him downe by vs. Monseur Dobart bearing an affectionate zeale vnto her Maiestie the state of England as well for that he was an earnest protestant as for that his sister and other frends were honorably vsed in the Court of England in the former troubles of Fraunce demaunded of the Spaniard what might bee the cause that the King of Spaine had that yeare raised so great an Army The Spaniard forthwith made this proude insolent aunswere Ah Sir the time nowe draweth neare that we shall haue the spoile of rich England that we shall embrace their faire wiues and make hauocke of their lōg gathered riches And disco●ering that there was an Englishman in companie that tolierated these hie wordes hee beganne spitefully to bra●e him But on ●he soden the spaniard sound the temper of the English-mans fingers so that shame to repaire his disgrace compelled the Spaniard to offer combat Monseur Dobart very honorably vndertooke that the English-Gentleman should the next morning by six of the clocke be ready to crosse the Riuer of Poo with the spaniard to commit eithers cause to God and their swords This was mutually agréed vpon but by breake of the daye the spaniards brags vanished like bubbles be himselfe slipt away without giuing any bon-giorno so that the English Gentleman could haue no further reuenge sauing that in the place of this controuersie finding this Italian sentēce to be writtē Le parole son femine i fatti son maschi 〈◊〉 in dispight wrote vnderneath Donques gli spanioli son femine et gli Inglese son maschi and truly the h●aste of the house with many dispightful words of the spaniards proude naughty behauiour to his perpetual blame hath faithfully promised that the subscription should not be rased out without being secretly new written againe But the spaniard had reuēge inough by the Gentlemans owne contrymen for Monseur Dobart as hee thought to honour him imparted this accident to certaine Englishmen at Bologna among whome there were that so posted the matter to Rome as when the poore Gent. arri●es there hee was stayed at the gate nowe called Porto del populi and there was kept eight daies hauing no other bed but the bare ground and well neare starued for want of foode In fine all his other Bollitines and Warrants to trauell being taken away On the s●daine the Stappado was hanged forth and the Gentleman vpō paine thereof commanded presently to depart to whome was deliuered a Vollitine for Naples What violence hee further sustained his humour will not agree to open it for I am sure he hath bene seldome hard to pursue any mās disgrace and neuer knowne publikely to bem●ne his owne hard fortunes which haue beene many and violent And albeit his name be here concealed yet if any exceptiō be taken against this report let me

Wealthes The prudent Romaines founde out the bene●ite that proceeded of the rewarding of Souldiers and therfore they deuised many honours and rewards to recompence their good seruices When any Captaine had any notable victorie hee after thankes giuen to the Gods presently mounted vppon a Theatre and generally praised the whole Army thē calling the Bandes and Squadrons that fought most valiantly he praysed euery Souldier by his proper name calling him Companion and friende of his Countrey and withall gaue to euery one as he deserued as to some Crownes to others gauntlets and to many Harnesse with such deuises as no mā might weare but such as had deserued the like The Consull Papirius with such like ornaments proper to euery mans desarte for one victorie rewarded fourteene Centurions one whole Squadron of Souldiers Scipio did the like in Spaine wherein euery mās merite was written There were many Crownes or Garlandes proper for speciall seruices as whosoeuer deliuered the Cittie of Rome or Campe of the Romanies from any sharpe or dangerous siege he was recōpenced with the Crowne Obsidionale and he and his companie that did this seruice were honored as men that had deliuered the Cittie or Army from death Quintus Fabius for deliuering Roome from the dangerous assault of Haniball had this Crowne AEmilius Scipio was in this manner Crowned in Affrica And for the like seruice Calfurnius the valiant Lutius Cincinius were crowned Then whosoeuer deliuered any Citizen of Rome and slu● one enimie without shrinking from the place of this seruice he was rewarded with the crown Civique This was a recompence of great honour for the meanest Souldier that obtained this Crowne in the open feasts and Theaters was placed next to the Senators who vpon his entraunce rose frō their places to do him honor Many Romaines obtained this Crowne especially the most valiant Cineinius before named wonne it fourteene times These Crownes were of flowers or such like but yet of more reputatiō then the other of gold The Crown Murale was of gold and was giuen vnto him that first scaled the wall Manlius Capitolin Quintus Trebelius and diuers others gained this Crowne The Crownes Castreuse and Nauale were likewise of Golde the one was due vnto him that in fight first entred the barriers of his enimies the other at Sea that first entred the enimies ship And of this Crowne Marcus Varro Marcus Agrippus and many other noble Romaines thought no scorne There were other Crownes and speciall honnours giuen vnto the Romaines which for breuitie sake I omit which is worthie of regarde In distrubutiō of these honnours the noble and the innoble Souldier by birth was regarded alike Besides the Romaines Captaines in honour of their victories had their surnames after the Countries which they conquered the one Metellus for the subduing of Iugurthe of Numidie was called Numidique the other Metellus for subduing y e king of Macedone was surnamed Macedonique Lucius Mummius was named Aca●que for the ●ubduing of Acaye and Corinthe Brutus for y e subiecting of Gaule was named Galloys The two noble Scipioes the one was call'd Afriq●● 〈◊〉 Carthagique for his victories in Affrica at Carthage The other was surnamed Asiatique for the cōquering of Antioche and for being the first that displaied the Romaine Ensignes in Asia many othe● Romaines had such like honorable surnames in triumphe of their victories but these may suffice to showe the honorable reputatiō of a souldier how he was in the auncient florishing commō weales reuerenced of the graue Senators and generally honored of the publique weale where the gouernmēt Is Monarchie the soueraigne sole Commander is girded with a sword and glorieth in the name of a Souldier where it is Oligarchie where a fewe of the best gouerne the chiefest person hath a charge of the Martiall affaires The Romaines whē they changed their gouernment by banishing of their tyrannous kings imployed their chiefe Cōmander the Consul abroad in the warres In the like reputation were the Captains in the famous common weales of Athens Lacidemonia Whē Cyrus deliuered the lewes out of the great captiuitie of Babilon hee sent them home vnder the cōduct of their Captaine Zorobabel and their chiefe sacrificator Iosue by which estates they were gouerned vntill Aristobulus vsurped both the title of king and chiefe sacrificator The base segniorie of y e Mecanicall people called Democratia wherin the baser sort as handy craftsmen gouerne in time of warre are gladly ruled by the worthy Captaine The most magnificent Triumphes first deuised by Dionisius or Dennis surnamed the free Father and imitated by the Carthagenians by the testimonie of Iustin onely were dedicared to the honour of the victorious Captaine But as the Romaines exceeded all nations of the worlde in power so in this glorious pompe they tooke awaye all possibilitie for men to bee more honored the circumstances howe euerie estate of the Common wealth did seruice and reuerence vnto the victorious Captaine howe crowned kings were lead vppe and downe as his Captiues howe that no magnificence that arte or mans wit could deuise was wanting the hundred part of the glorye whereof sufficed to glut the beholder All which particularly to reporte would co●●aine a greater volume then is appointed for my 〈◊〉 purpose In reformed gouermēts where excesse of Apparel was defended as in that of King Ferdinādoes who erected the Knights of the band and in the straight Commandement of King Phillip le Bel and with your fauour in the straight lawes and Proclamations of England Gold siluer and al maner of brauery is dispensed within Martial showes by reason of which apparāce of honor and reputation due and giuen vnto the Souldier a number of yongelings aduance their thoughtes and thirst after the like glory Of which alluremēt grewe the old saying Dulce bellum in expertis But if all his daungers distresses woundes and many times prodigall losse of life bee ballanced with his glory the grauer sorte will iudge his honorable reputatiō to be deserued or at y e least dearily bought how that he is bound to march in the depth of winter and the heate of Sommer to lye vpon the bare ground and which is worst to fetch his meate out of the Canons mouth or to sterue in the besieged towne with many deadly dangers which the toūg of him that hath felt them can deliuer better then my pen that haue but heard them The consideration of all these peri●s iustly moued the graue Senators with these magnificent Triumphes and honorable rewardes to arme their Souldiers with an invincible courage and yet w●th your patiēce they durst not put their honour simply vppon their Souldiers valiācy how resolute soeuer they were in execution the wise Senatours were fearefull to direct And certainly the religious Ceremonies that the Romanes vsed before they attempted any war reproueth the incōsiderate warres of many Christian

Princes that neyther aske aduise of God nor seeke satisfaction with quietnesse If any man brought the Romaines tydinges of some Prouince reuolted or of any other iust cause of warre the Senate first sent to the Offenders frendly requiring them to returne to their obediēce if they continued their contempt they thē created their Captaines for this expedition But before any prosecution they caused their Sacrificators to make praiers vnto the gods after this the Senate assembled themselues and went vnto the Temple of Iupiter and there solemply swore that so oftē as the enemy against whom they moued war would seeke new conditions or craue pardō for their offences committed that their clemēcy should at no time be denyed This done the Consull elect for the enterprise went vnto the Capitoll and there made a solempne vowe that if he retourned with victorie he would offer vnto the Gods some special pretious thing After this the Banner of the Eagle which was the auncient Ensigne of Rome was displayed in the field called Mars by which the people were warned that during the tyme that the Citizens their parents were in the warres that they should neyther celebrate feasts or publicke spectacles finally a Preest mounted vpō the gate called Salarie caused a Trumpet to be soūded to sommon the men of warre and there euery particuler Captaine receiued his ensigne by this it was publikly known that they set not forward their Armies before they had appeased and honored their Gods The Athenians neuer moued warre before the Philosophers and the graue Common-wealthes-men had aduisedly considered whether the same were righteous or no. The Israelites prosecuted the warre by derectiō of the Prophets as appeareth by m●nyexāples of the olde Testament when the Captaines and Souldiers were thus sacisfied by the Prophetes graue common wealthes-men that they should in the extreamest degree but sacrifice their bloods in the seruice of God the safetie of their Countrey and their owne immortall honnour Small is the wounder if they lightly regarded of life and proudely encountred death Sole desire of fame zeale to do their Contrey seruice moued many that had no thought of the immortalitie of the soule to bee wilfull executioners of their owne liues Plutarke writeth that in Phrigia there was a great gaping of y e earth out of which swelled great waters that ouerthrewe many houses Ancurus king Midas sonne hearing that Gods Ire would not be appeased vntil some one mā leaped into the Gulfe Desire of fame which those heathen men reputed an immortall life hastened Ancurus to leape into that Gulfe as hee thought with the losse of his life to rid his country from this outragious water Curtius the noble Romane did the like vpon the like occasion The two worthy Lacedimonians Spartius Bulides voluntarily bowed their neckes to the gallowes to make satisfactiō for the offence of the Lacedemoniās who contrary to the law of all nations which protecteth euery Ambassadour both in time of peace warre slew king Xerxes Ambassadour Themistocles Mutius Scevola and many others might bee ioyned with these examples but especially the acte of Codrus the last king of Athens is worthy remēbraūce it was foretould by the Oracle at Delphos that if the Athenians would bee victors their kinge must needs be slaine When Codrus vnderstoode that the libertie of his countrie stood vpon the losse of his life hee pre●ētly in the habit of a slaue entred the campe of the Pelloponians and Dorians his enimies and quarelled vntill he was slaine Beholde the noble resolution of the auncient Captaines a nūber feared not death almost euery one hated a dishonorable life The Souldiers of Caesar many tymes died desperatly rather then they would bee the seruile prisoners of their enimies Among many y e most hardy attemps that the Iewes made vpon Vespasian his sonne Titus to bee delinered of the Romane seruitude this one example of their proude disdaine of life shewed their litle feare of death When God to chasten the greeuous sinnes of the Iewes suffred them notwithstanding their invincible courage to be slaine by the Romanes of a number that were slaine there being but fortie one left aliue which few rather thē the Romanes should haue any glory of their captiuitie by the drawing of lottes they appoincted one to be the executioner of an other The Earle of Shreusbury who in Henry the sixte his time was so feared in Fraunce as the frenchmē to scarre their Children as we doe by Robyn good fellow haue to this day a by-word Garde le taulbot being by the enuious contentions in Englande left almost succourlesse in Fraunce In fine was beset with a great power of french men beyonde all possibilitie for his strength to ouercome and albeit hee had good meane to escape by flight yet hee courageously abode their incounter and vpon this resolution he thus sayd vnto his sonne Sonne quoth he thou art yong and mayst with thy honour flye But I am old and haue had my life honored with many victories all which I should loose if I should deferre my death which by course of nature cannot bee farre of by a tymerous flight Therefore I am bound to staye What should his sonne doe but euen which he did followe the fortune of his father and so like as they liued they dyed valiant men This presice preseruation of honor neither the deuines nor many polliticke Martialistes do allowe the one absolutely reprouing desperate ende the other forbidding a mā wilfully to dye when by his death hee neither benefiteth his frend nor hurteth his enimie And yet the greatnes of these mens courages are to be honored although not necessary to be followed But necessitie many tymes approueth resolute bouldnesse to be honorable profitable and necessarie As at the Moūtaine Antilliban in Arabia Alexander being a foote farre off his Army through care that he had of his Tutor Lysimacus who in a maner was tyred with trauell and being bee-nighted and out of his waye hee perceaued that his barborous enimies had made diuers fires in the Mountaine by whome he must passe and therefore as his best remedy in that extremitie he sodenly set vppon one of the cōpanies slue two of the saluadges and like a Fury with a firebrand in his hand he made a passage vntill hee came vnto his Campe And by this hazard hee both preserued him selfe and those that were with him But his hardiest aduenture was among the Malians the stoutest people of y e Indians who hauing scaled the walles of their Cittie his scaling ladder broke and seeing that his Enimies assaulted him sharply with thieir Darts he sodenly leaped among the thickest of them who with the noyse and shining of his Armour so feared his enemies supposing that a light or sprite went before him they fled on euery side and when in the end they assailed him hee set his backe to the wall and fought

against the Malians vntil his Army had broke into the cittie and both rescued him and subdued the Malians The like aduenture of Caesar rūning desperatly vppon the fierce Neruij saued the remnant of the Romaines who had that day beene all slaine if Caesar had not incouraged them with this little care of life The Senate so honored Caesar for this victorie because the danger was great as they ordained that the Sacrificators should doe sacrifice vnto the Gods and that there should be solempne procession fifteene dayes together without intermission hauing before neuer made the like ordināce at Rome for any victorie that euer was obtained The dangers of war are oftentimes such as necessity spurreth the valiant Gentleman to runne vpon the like perils and therein is true valiancy seene For many wilbe ●orwarde where the hazard is indifferēt that haue no legs to follow such exploits And ●or y ● this seruice is many times required of the worthie Souldier without execution whereof he can neuer be famous The Souldier of all men ought to set the feare of God before his eyes to haue a pure conscience to be of good conuersation least in running vpō the pikes he falleth into hell fire His state is like vnto a man that is ●icke for death wayteth vpō Mars as duly as vpon Surfet And surely he that retourneth safe out of the ●ield escapeth as great a danger as he that is recouered of a mortall infirmitie and as men commonly see nothing but holy good matters among men that are sicke so the conuersation of the auncient Romane Souldiers was purged from dissolute and vngodly behauiour The faith of a Souldier is at this day a cōmon pr●testatiō but in those dayes was neuer violated Alexander surnamed Seuerus had so well a gouerned Army as his companies were reputed to be rather Philosophers thē Souldiers The Souldier was in that gouerment pryuiledged as a sick man The T●staement Millitarie was allowed The Bequeast that Artorius made to his friende Lucius and his heires at the stege of Ierusalem for the inheriting of his lands Titus commanded to be executed as men that ar sicke dispose their goods to their children frendes so the Romanes by a publique law enacted that the sonne of euery Souldier that was slaine how young soeuer hee were should inherite the Paye of his father That this prouision being made for their posteritie their souldiers might be the lesse affraid of death into whose power continuall danger subiected them The case so standing that the Souldiers glory is wrought out of hazard and the benefite of his seruice proceedeth from the perill of his life It is as I haue sayd requisite that his conscience conuersatiō be alwayes holy and then euery day hee may boldly say as Cra●inius sayd to Caesar I will before night be praised either aliue or dead For in both estates the vertues and valiant are and shalbe alwayes commended and as it is the principall duety of a Souldier to be hardy and resolute in execution so it a hye vertue in him to be mercifull after victorie obtained For as the Iudge deserueth more commendation that winneth men from stealing then he that pardoneth no offence euen so the Captaine is farre more worthie prayse that with wisedome and linitie bringeth the enimie to a peace-able obedience then hee that hardeneth their hartes with cruelties and oppressions For as the Athenians wrote vnto the Lacedemonians There be the fruits of warre the losse of the vanquished is certaine and the Vanquishor gaineth nothing by his losse Theaft murder c. are foule vices yet is the Iudge honorable that chastiseth thē he more honorable y ● banisheth thē euen so war which is cōposed of these many other mischiefs cōmēdeth y e worthy Souldier that with his sword dryueth this monster Warre foorth of the Cittie gates and by clemencie out of the Cittizens harts What greater victorie had euer Augustus Caesar then in pardoning of Lutius Cinna This Cinna conspired against Caesar and was found in his Enimies tents whome Caesar not onely pardoned but also highly aduanced notwithstāding all this Cinna practised Caesars death for the rootes of Malice ar seldome plucked vp with kindnesse Neuerthelesse the Emperour sent againe for Cinna When Cinna was come hee caused a chaire to be set him which done Th'emperour opened all his benefits towards Cinna and of Cinnaes ingratitude in seeking of his life These circumstaunces abashed Cinna But Caesar ending his expostulation thus comforted Cinna Cinna quoth hee I once gaue thee thy life being my enemie and now I giue it thee being a traitor and a paracide Cinna being vanquished with this clemencie became so faithful and assured a friend to Caesar as Caesar made him his heire See here what loue the obedience that proceedeth of Clemency breadeth when the fearefull obedience that is forced by tyranny awaighteth but a passage for treason Augustus might haue executed Cinna and so haue beene rid of a dangerous enemie But in pardoning of him he purchased a faithfull frend Iulius Caesar had neuer beene so great a Monarke if hee had not gloried in the forgiuing of his enimies Yea hauing ouercome Pompey the great he entertained all Pompeys frends with suche clemencye and curtesie as many of them honored him with faithful seruice When he had ended the Ciuil warres hee shewed such clemency to his enimies that bore armes against him as there was a temple erected in honour of his Clemency In so much as when Cicero sawe that Caesar set vp Pompeys Images he sayd Behold Caesar setteth vp Pompeys Images that his owne may stande the surer And certainly though Caesar set thē vp of a magnanimous disposition Cicero spake the trueth in derision for Clemency setleth loue and good-wil in subiects which is the best gard safety for princes Alexander the great was highly renowned for the Clemencie that he vsed towardes his enimies Especially when the stout messadge of Iadus the chiefe Sacrificator moued him so purpose the destruction of Ierusalem Neuerthelesse when Iadus putting on his Garments of preesthood and accompanied with the people cloathed all in white humbled himselfe before this great King Alexander gratiously receiued him and entring peaceably into the cittie he not onely gaue rich gifts to the Sacrificatour but shewed great liberalitie towardes all the people The courage of these great Monarkes conquered kingdomes by force and their clemencie millions of people with loue It is a wonder what a tumult the people made in Rome whē Caesar was treacherously slaine they so honored him for this vertue none of the Senators durst stirre forth of their dores nor none of the Conspirators abyde the Towne they slewe all Caesars suspected enimies and fyred many of their houses On the contrarie part Tamberlaine and other cruel Tyrants were neither beloued a liue nor moned after death The dissolute and wantō behauior