of his Ships he retires back again from whence he came and dispatches an Express to Athens to let them know that he could easily have taken Samos had he not been deserted by Timotheus and Iphicrates Upon this Accusation of his they were Impeach'd The Commons who were fierce jealous factious changeable and Enemies also to all in Power call them home and accuse them of betraying their Country In this Trial Timotheus is cast and Fin'd an hundred Talents and so being compell'd through the ill will of an ungrateful City he retires to Calcis After his Death the People repenting of the Sentence they had pass'd upon him remitted all but a tenth part of his Fine and oblige his Son Conon to repair part of a Wall In which Action may be seen the various turns of Fortune for those very Walls which the Grandfather Conon had Rebuilt with the Spoils of the Enemy is the Nephew forc'd to Repair out of his own Estate to the great Scandal of his Family We might produce many instances of the Wisdom and Moderation of Timotheus but one shall suffice from whence we may easily conjecture how dear he was to his Friends When he was but a young Man he was forc'd at Athens to plead for himself and not only his Friends and private Acquaintance came to his Assistance but also Jason the Tyrant who at that time was a Man of very considerable Power This Man tho in his own Kingdom never thought himself safe without his Guards about him yet came alone to Athens valuing his Friend at so dear a rate that he rather chose to endanger his own Life than not assist Timotheus in vindicating his Honour But notwithstanding all this Timotheus soon after by the Command of the People fought against him accounting the obligations to his Country greater than those of Friendship This was the last Age of the Athenian Commanders for after Iphicrates Chabrias and Timotheus there was no Commander of any note in that City THE LIFE OF DATAMES Done into English by Mr. Edwards M. A. and Fellow of St. John's Coll. Oxon. DATAMES a Carian the Son of Camissares by'a Scythian Lady was the most considerable for Valour and prudent Conduct of any of those of the Barbarous Nations except the two famous Carthaginians Hamilcar and Hannibal What he did was great and out of the usual road yet so little known that we are oblig'd to be the larger in our Account of him For he never ow'd his Success to the greatness of his Army or to any of the common causes of it but always to that which seem'd his peculiar Talent a most extraordinary Policy His first Employment was in the Guards at Artaxerxes his Court but his Father as the Reward of his eminent Courage and Constant Fidelity to the King had the Government of that part of Cilicia which lyes upon Capadocia and is inhabited by the Leucosyrians Datames having a Command in the Army first signaliz'd himself in the War against the Cadusians in which there were many thousands kill'd and chiefly by his means for which Service Camissares likewise falling in the Battel he succeeded him in the Province Autophradates being sent by the King to reduce some to their obedience who had revolted he behav'd himself with equal Gallantry for by his management a small Party surpriz'd the Enemy in their Camp and destroy'd them the greatest part of the Army doing no service at all in the Action After this he was remov'd to higher Employments for Thyus the Prince of Paphlagonia descended from that Pyloemenes which Homer says was slain by Patroclus in the Trojan War not sufficiently complying with the King Datames who was his Cousin-German was sent with an Army to force his submission to the King's Pleasure But he intending to use his utmost endeavours to make his Relation sensible of his Duty upon easie terms and not suspecting any Treachery from a Friend went to him without any Attendants Altho his Confidence put him in extream danger for Thyus had resolv'd upon a private Assasination Datames having intelligence of the design from his Mother who was Thyus's Aunt and understood his intentions made his escape and immediately proclaim'd the War which he vigorously continued tho he was deserted by Ariobarzanes the Governor of Lydia Ionia and all Phrygia and made not only Thyus but his Wife and Children too his Captives He made all the haste imaginable that the news of this Exploit might not get to the King before him and got privately to Court without any one's knowledg The next day he shew'd his Captive who was a vast black hairy Man with a frightful and ghastly countenance dress'd very richly in the Habit of a Persian Nobleman with a Golden Collar and all other Princely Ornaments He himself appear'd meanly like a Peasant in a Hunter's Head-piece made of the Skins of several Beasts with a Club in one hand and Toyls in the other and brought him out in such a manner as if he had been some cruel Monster just subdued So unusual a sight drew a great many Spectators one being accidentally there that knew Thyus inform'd the King of it But he at first suspecting so strange a story commanded Pharnabazus to go and bring him a certain relation of the thing from whom when he had receiv'd full satisfaction he commanded him to be brought into his Presence and was infinitely pleas'd with the humour but especially that so great a Prince should so unexpectedly come into his hands After he had for this nobly rewarded Datames he sent him to the Army which was then rais'd against Egypt under Pharnabazus â—nd Tithraustes and gave him a Command equal to theirs and after Pharnabazus was recall'd He was made Generalissimo But whilst he was hastning the general Rendesvouz of the Army and preparing for his March to Egypt he receiv'd an Express from the King that he should go against Aspis the Governor of Cataonia a Country which lies above Cilicia and borders upon Cappadocia For Aspis depending upon his Woods and strong Frontier-Towns not only disobey'd some of the Kings Commands but rob'd his Carriages and made incursions on all about him Tho Datames was at a great distance from Cataonia and then in the management of greater Affairs yet he yeilded to the King's pleasure and in order to the execution of it set Sail only with a few but very stout Men supposing as indeed it afterwards happen'd that he could have more advantage over him with a small Company upon surprize then with a great Army after open defiance Being arriv'd at Cilitia he continu'd his Marches 'till he had pass'd over Mount Taurus and was come to the end of his Journey Enquiring for Aspis he understood that he was hunting near that place The occasion of Datames's coming was presently suspected and therefore Aspis immediately put the Pisidae and others he had with him in a posture of defence Upon notice of which Datames muster'd up his Men and
think nothing right but what strictly quadrates with their own Manners but if these would but once Learn that things Decent and Vncomely do not appear with the same Aspect of Honesty and Turpitude to all Persons but that every-thing ought to be measur'd by the Institutions of our Ancestors it will suppress their admiration that in Celebrating the Vertues of the Grecians we have followed their Customs for it was not objected as a Scandal to Cimon who was one of the Greatest Personages amongst the Athenians that he Married his half Sister which his Father had by a former Lady since it was a familiar usage that obtein'd amongst the rest of the Citizens tho it breakes in upon our ways of Living and is counted Irreligion It was a thing highly applauded in Greece that young Lads were Catamites and had many Rivals in that unnatural pleasure and at Lacedaemon there was not a Widow tho of the Noblest Extraction but would act her part in a Comedy and take Money for it In the same Greece likewise it was matter of singular Triumph to be proclaim'd a Conqueror in the Olympick Games and yet to come forth upon the Stage and be a spectacle of diversion to the People was not look'd upon by that Nation as any ways opprobrious all which things notwithstanding kindle our Aversion as being partly downright Infamous and partly below the Dignity of our Characters and very far from being seemly or becoming on the contrary a great many actions carry with us the impression of Decorum which are thought very lewd by them As for instance what Roman blusheth to lead his Wife to an Entertainment And what Mother of a Family will not reside in the most frequented part of her house and contribute her share of Conversation at a Publick Feast And yet 't is much otherwise practis'd in Greece for there they never come to any jolly Assignation unless invited by their near Relations and are never seen but in the most inward Apartments which they call from thence Gynoeconitis the Chamber of the Women and no one 's approaches were permitted thither but of those who gain'd access by the priviledge either of Blood or Affinity but the bulk of the Volume will not let me run through any more Examples of this kind and Expedition calls upon me to give the last hand to those things which I have begun therefore we will come close to the purpose and in this Book draw to your view the Lives of these Illustrious Commanders THE LIFE OF MILTIADES Done into English by Mr. Tullie M. A. of Queen's College Oxon. and Sub-Dean of York WHEN Miltiades the Son of Cimon an Athenian had got himself a great and illustrious Name as well for his own native modesty as by the ancient and renown'd Family whence he was descended and was now arriv'd at those years which were sufficient to confirm his Fellow-Citizens in the high opinion they always had of him It happen'd that the Athenians were upon a new project of Conquering and transplanting Colonies to the Chersonese And since the design was generally applauded several being come in Volunteers to offer their service in the Expedition it was thought fit to depute some of them to go to Delphos and there consult the Oracle of Apollo about the choice of a General For at that time the Thracians were Masters of those Countries who were not to be dispossess'd but by force of Arms. When they were arriv'd at Delphos and had address'd themselves to the Oracle the Answer it return'd was positive and express in the choice of Miltiades whom if they would elect they should be successful in their Undertaking Miltiades confirm'd in his Command by so great an Authority sets Sail for the Chersonese with a select Band of men and touching upon Lemnos in his Road would willingly have reduc'd the Inhabitants of that Island under the Dominion of the Athenians requiring them immediately to surrender themselves But they laugh'd at the demand and reply'd That yes they would when he should Sail from home to Lemnos with a Northerly Wind which is contrary to them who come from Athens to those Coasts But Miltiades's Affair would not admit of delay and therefore without any farther attempt he steer'd his course directly for the Chersonese where he safely arriv'd And having in a short time defeated the Forces of those Barbarians and made himself Master of the Chersonese he fortified the most convenient places of it with Castles and Citadels and planted all the Country with his own Soldiers whom he enrich'd with the booty of frequent Excursions Nor had Fortune a greater share in the success of this Expedition then his own prudence For having routed the Enemy's Forces by the Valour of his own he manag'd the whole concern of the Victory with the greatest Equity imaginable and made the Chersonese the place of his Residence For he acted as King amongst them tho he had not the Title and yet ow'd not his Power so much to the Absoluteness of his Command as to the Justice of his Actions For notwithstanding the greatness of his Fortune he was ready to do any acts of kindness for his Country-men the Athenians By which means he establish'd his Authority not only in the Hearts and Affections of the Athenians who gave it him but of those also over whom he was to exercise it too And having thus setled the Government of his late Conquest he comes back to Lemnos and by virtue of his former Compact with the Inhabitants demands the Surrendry of their City into his hands For they had promis'd to yeild themselves up to him when he should Sail from Home to Lemnos by a North Wind which was now perform'd from his Habitation in the Chersonese The Carians who then inhabited the Island tho they little expected such a demand of the performance of a jocular promise yet were forc'd to comply and quit the Island not so much out of the sense of any obligation they conceiv'd themselves to lie under as of the power and great success of the Enemy whom they were to encounter Nor was he less happy in reducing those other Islands call'd Cyclades under the Athenian Dominion In those days Darius the Persian King resolving upon a War with the Scythians built a Bridge upon the Danube for the passing over of his Army and gave the chief Command of it and of their respective Cities to the Forces which he had rais'd in Ionia and Aeolis For he went upon this ground that it would be the best Expedient to keep the Greeks who inhabited Asia in subjection during the War to entrust their Friends and Country-men with the Command of his Towns who could expect no Quarter if he chanc'd to be defeated Amongst the rest of these Governors was Miltiades who when he had continual news brought him of the ill success of the Persian Arms against the Scythians exhorted the Commanders of the Bridge Not to baulk so fair an
died so very poor that he left scarce enough to defray the Charges of his Burial so that after his Death which was about four years after the Banishment of Themistocles his Daughters were maintain'd at the Charge of the Public and at their Marriage had Fortunes paid them out of the Common Treasure THE LIFE OF PAVSANIAS Done into English by Mr. Hoy Fellow of St. John's Coll. Oxon. PAUSANIAS the Lacedaemonian was a Great Man but various in all Conditions of Life for as he was conspicuous for eminent Vertues he was no less overborn by the contrary Vices The Glory of that famous Action at Plataeae is ascrib'd to him For in that Fight two hundred thousand chosen Foot and forty thousand Horse were shamefully beat out of Greece by an inconsiderable Handful of Men under his Conduct and their Lieutenant-General Mardodonius a Mede the King's Brother-in-Law of singular Personal Fortitude and Prudence above all the Persians left dead on the place Flusht with the success of this Victory his Ambition began to be tampering and he carry'd an Eye upon greater designs But in the very beginning he met with this rub in his way having sent to the Temple of Delphos a Golden Tripod found amongst the Spoils with an Epigram inscrib'd on it to this effect That by His Conduct the Barbarians were cut off at Plataeae and in Acknowledgment of the Victory that Present by Him Dedicated to Apollo The Lacedaemonians caus'd the Verses to be Raz'd out and in their stead Engrav'd only the Names of such Confederate Cities as had been instrumental in defeating the Persians After this Pausanias was again intrusted with a Common Fleet of the Associates for Cyprus and the Hellespont to dismantle the Garrisons of the Barbarians in those parts In which Adventure meeting with the like success he began again to behave himself more insolently and aim'd at greater things then ever For in the Sack of Byzantium taking many of the Persian Nobility and among them some of the Blood Royal he remitted them privately to Xerxes and sent with them Gongylus an Eraetrian with Letters to the King as Thucydides delivers in these words Pausanias the Spartan General understanding that some taken at Byzantium were nearly related to you has made you a Present of them and withall desires to Contract an Alliance with you Wherefore if you approve of the Proposals he sues for your Daughter in Marriage on Condition that by his means both Sparta and the rest of Greece be put into your Hands If you think these things worth your Consideration send an approv'd Minister to whom things may be communicated more particularly The King extremely well satisfied at the safety of so many Personages so near to himself immediately dispatch'd away Artabazus to Pausanias with this Answer That he applauded the Design and desir'd nothing should be omitted which might be serviceable to it promising in case it took effect he shoul'd never meet a Repulse in any thing he would sue for Pausanias being inform'd of the King's pleasure grew so forward in the Business that he incurr'd the Suspition of the Lacedaemonians who remanded him home where he was question'd for his Life but the Allegations charg'd upon him amounting to no more then High Misdemeanours he was only Fin'd and discharg'd from returning to the Navy Yet not long after of his own head he went back to the Army where he follow'd such indiscreet and rash Practices as confirm'd what hitherto had only been suspected of him He laid aside not only the severer Moralities of his own Country but their Fashions and Dress He appeared in Pomp and Splendour like a Foreign King and came into publick in the Median Habit. His Person was guarded by a Retinue of Medes and Egyptians his Entertainments were after the Persian manner with greater Luxury then his Friends thought allowable he was hard of Access he answer'd proudly and commanded cruelly In fine he refus'd to return to Sparta but withdrew to Getonae a place in the Country of Troas where he engag'd in Measures destructive to his Country and Himself The Lacedaemonians being certified of this sent Deputies to him with the Scytala in which after their manner it was specified That unless he immediately return'd home they would pass a Bill of Attainder against him Upon the receipt of this news he went home hoping to disperse the Clouds which hung over him by the power of his Money and Interest there But the Ephori secur'd him immediately in the Name and Behalf of the Community For by the Constitution of that Government this Power over the Prince is repos'd in the hands of any one of the Ephori However in some time he got rid of that Grievance but could not so easily remove the Suspition he lay under for it was still mistrusted he dealt underhand with the King There are a sort of People among the Lacedaemonians they call Helotes who are imploy'd in manuring the Lands and performing all other offices of Slaves These also it was thought he had endeavour'd to debauch to his Designs with hopes of Liberty But the Evidence against him being meerly Circumstantial they deferr'd proceeding against a Person of his Name and Quality upon Surmises and Presumptions till time should make a fuller Discovery While these things were in agitation Argilius a young man whom Pausanias had formerly defil'd to satisfie his unnatural Love being sent by him with a Pacquet to Artabazus a suspition ran in his head that there was somewhat in it nearly concern'd himself because he had observ'd that none who went thither on the like Errand had ever return'd back Upon this breaking up the Seals he found that on the delivery of the Letters he was to have been made away besides many things relating to the transactions then on foot between the King and Pausanias all which with the Letters themselves he immediately communicated to the Ephori But here the wariness and moderation of the Lacedaemonians is not to be pass'd by who suffer'd not themselves to be wrought upon even by such proof to take Pausanias into Custody but forbore to use any rigor towards him till such time as his own Verbal Evidence should be produc'd against himself and accordingly they gave Instructions to the Discoverer how to manage this affair Now there was a Temple of Neptune at Taenaris which the Greeks held inviolable hither the Discoverer was to fly for Sanctuary and kneel down before the Altar near this they had contriv'd a place under-ground from whence any one might hear what was discours'd to Argilius where several of the Ephori had privately posted themselves Pausanias as soon as he heard that Argilius was fled to the Temple hastning after him in great disturbance found him on his Knees before the Altar and enquiring into the occasion of that sudden motion he open'd to him the Contents of the Letters At this Pausanias's disturbance increas'd so far that he entreated him not to discover
those whom He had all the obligations upon Him to Love And this He did not so much by the tender instinct of Nature whose suggestions we are all obsequious to but it was the effect of his Learning and He acquir'd it by Study for the Precepts of the cheif Philosophers were closely impress'd upon him and they did not serve for Parade and ostentation but He made them useful to him in the whole course of his Life He set the Manners of the antient Romans before him as the patterns of his imitation and fairly copied out the great Originals He was likewise a Studious Lover of Antiquity this knowledge he intimately convers'd with and gave large demonstrations of it in the Volume He Wrote of Magistracy which was a Province He ingeniously adorn'd for there was not a Law made no Peace concluded nor no War undertaken not an Action of Consequence done by the Roman People but He hath related it with a strict Chronology and adjusted every occurrence to its proper time and which seems an attempt of great intricacy He hath interwoven in it the Pedigrees of some Families with so fine a texture that by them we may know the beginnings of those Men who have made any considerable Figure in Rome He did the same thing separately in other Books as at the entreaty of M. Brutus He deriv'd the Junian Family from its first Source and shew'd all the Channels in which it hath flow'd down even to our times distinctly numbring each one's Predecestor in a true series of Succession and relating what Honors they attain'd to and in what times they enjoy'd them He did the like courtesy for Marcellus Claudius concerning the Marcelli and at the instances of Scipio Cornelius and Fabius Maximus He gave an account of the Cornelian the Fabian and the Emilian Families and nothing carries with it so endearing a relish as these Books to those who have the least tincture of curiosity to be acquainted with the descents of Illustrious Men He had a smattering too in Poetry which I beleive was that He might not be ignorant what sweetness there was in it for if any had arriv'd to a higher pitch of Dignity beyond the ordinary Romans or had signaliz'd themselves by any notable performances He employ'd his Poetical Talent to Record their Gallantry for He describ'd their Exploits and what Charges they had in the Government under each of their Pictures and this in no more then four or five Verses which seems a thing almost incredible that He could comprise transactions of such high moment in so narrow a compass He Writ a Book also in Greek concerning the Consulship of Cicero These things we have related of him were whilst Atticus was alive but now since the malignity of fate will have us to out-live Him we will run through the rest of his Actions and dispatch what remains of this Great Man that by real and bright examples we may instruct the Reader and so confirm that axiome we have before laid down That every one allures Fortune to his side according as He manageth himself for Atticus contenting himself with the Paternal Dignity of a Knight which descended to him He at last came to be related to the Son of Julius and the friendship between them was heightned into Affinity for He had before gain'd the confidence of Augustus by the elegancy of his Living and this was the inducement by which He attracted others of the cheifest rank in the City to his Conversation who were of as Noble an Extraction as the Emperor but their condition was unequal because not so prosperous for Fortune seem'd to fawn upon Caesar and so constant a success still followed him that all the Honors she ever decreed to any of her Favourites she confer'd upon Him and with her Auspicious gales convey'd Him to the utmost Honor which the ambition of a Citizen could aspire to Agrippa made Atticus a Grandfather who married his Daughter when she was a tender Virgin this Female-Infant tho she was scarce a year old Caesar betroth'd to Tiberius Claudius Nero which his Wife Drusilla had by a former Husband and was his Son-in-Law this Alliance confirm'd their former Amity and tied it on with an inviolable Sanction Tho before these Espousals not only when He was absent from Rome when he writ to any of his Freinds He sent to Atticus even the minutes of his Life as what he was then doing especially what Author he was reading in what place He resided and how long he design'd to tarry there but likewise when He was in the City and was distracted by multiplicity of business which gave him so great Avocations that He could not enjoy him so often as he would yet the commerce of the Pen was not interrupted for no day pass'd in which He did not by Letter ask his opinion in some matters relating to Antiquity or propose some Poetical question sometimes He would be facetious only and rally him that the answers in which He Reparteed might be the more prolix which had this good effect that when the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius which Romulus built in the Capitol through Age and Peoples being incurious of its repairs began to threaten a total ruin Caesar by the perswasion of Atticus took care to support it M. Anthony had him in no less passionate esteem and maintain'd an intercourse with him of this nature for when he was banish'd even to the extreme limits of the Empire yet He certified his Atticus to a nice punctilio of what he was then upon and what design He had in farther Projection He only is qualified to judge of the greatness of this Correspondence who can make a true estimate what a peice of Consummate Wisdom it is to retain the favor and reconcile the jealousies of two great Personages who were Competitors in the same Ambition betwixt whom there was not only a bare Emulation but a persect Antipathy which kindled into the mutual upbraiding one another it was an Aversion as strong as could possibly be between an Anthony and a Caesar who would not divide the Globe but each one contended not only to be Master of Rome but Emperor of the World Through all these Traverses of Life He at last arriv'd to the seventy-seventh year and his Credit and Riches multiplied upon him even to an extreme old Age for many left him all that they had purely upon the account of his wonderful Goodness But now after He had been of so strong a Complexion that he had no need of a Physitian for thirty years together his health was so entire He at last contracted a Disease which Himself and his Doctors at first despis'd as a very slight indisposition for they thought it to be a Tenesmus therefore they administred quick and easy applications to disperse it in its first accesses After He had languish'd three months without any more sensible uneasiness then what He receiv'd from the methods of his cure the