the greatest are dissolued Besides it becomes thee O Iugurth since thou art their elder in yeeres and wisedome to foresee that nothing fall out otherwise then well For in euery controuersie he that is most powerfull although he receiues the wrong yet because hee is most able hee is thought to doe it But as for you Adherbal and Hiempsal loue and obserue this so worthy a man imitate his vertue and indeauour to the vtmost that I may not seeme to haue adopted better children then I haue begotten To this Iugurth although he knew the King dissembled in his speech and his owne thoughts were farre otherwise answered respectiuely for the present within some few dayes Micipsa dies CHAP. 2. The three Kings assemble about the partition of the Kingdome Iugurth is disgraced by Hiempsal his reuenge and victory AFter they according to the manner of Kings had performed his obsequies magnificently the Princes met all together that they might consult amongst themselues of their affaires But Hiempsal who was the yongest of them all being proud by nature and formerly despising Iugurths ignobilitie because on the mothers side his descent was meane sate downe on the right hand of Adherbal left Iugurth should be the middlemost of the three which is accounted the place of honour amongst the Numidians Yet at length being importuned by his brother to yeeld it to the elder he was hardly remooued from thence to the other side There when many things were discussed for the administration of the Kingdome Iugurth amongst other assertions maintaines that all their consultations and decrees for fiue yeeres last past ought to be nullified for during all that time Micipsa being-spent with age was scarce sound in mind Then Hiempsal answered that this pleased him for that he himselfe within these last three yeeres came by adoption to be coheire of the Kingdome which speech sunke deeper into Iugurths brest then any man thought Therefore from that time being perplexed with anger and feare he labours prepares and onely plots the meanes by which Hiempsal might be treacherously surprised The proceedings whereof being slowe and his fierce mind vnappeased he resolues howsoeuer to execute his purpose In the first assembly before mentioned it was agreed vpon by the Kings in regard of their dissension that the treasures should be deuided and that the bounds of each ones Dominion should be limited Thereupon a time for both â—hese is prefixed but the mony was to be soonest distributed The Kings in the meane time remoued seuerally into places adioyning neere to the treasures But Hiempsal by chance tooke vp his lodging in ones house in the towne of Thermida who being chiefest Sergeant at Armes to Iugurth was much beloued and esteemed of him whom being offered for an instrument by fortune he loades with promises and perswades that vnder the colour of visiting his house he should forge false keyes for the gates for the true ones were deliuered to Hiempsal Moreouer when occasion should serue he himselfe would come with sufficient Forces The Numidian speedily executeth his commands and as he was instructed brings in Iugurths Souldiers by night they dispersing themselues seek the King they kill some sleeping others incountring them they search the secretest places breake vp the barred doores and confound all things with noise and tumult when in the meane time Hiempsal is found out being hid in the cottage of a woman seruant whither at the first being frighted and ignorant of the place he was fled The Numidians as they were commanded brought his head to Iugurth Now the fame of so great an outrage is quickly divulged throughout all Africke a sudden feare surpriseth Adherbal and all those who had beene vnder Micipsaes gouernment The Numidians are diuided into two parts the most follow Adherbal but that other the best men of warre whereupon Iugurth leuyeth the greatest Forces that he could the Citties partly by force and partly by voluntary surrender he adioines to his owne Dominions and makes preparations to subiect all Numidiaâ— Bâ—t Adherbal although he had sent Ambassadours to Rome which were to informe the Senate of his brothers murthers and his owne estate yet trusting in the multitude of his Souldiers he prouides a tryall by Armes when the matter came to debatement being ouercome he flies out of the battell into his Prouince and from thence hee poasteth to Rome Then Iugurth his designes being compassed after he got the Soueraignety of all Numidia considering at leisure the fact by him committed he much feared the people of Rome nor against their indignation could he assure any hope except it were from the auarice of the Nobility and his owne money Therefore some few dayes after he sends his Ambassadours to Rome with much gold and siluer to whom hee gaue in charge that first with gifts they should satisfie his old friends then they should procure new finally that they should not delaye to corrupt with bribes whomsoeuer they could But as soone as the Ambassadours were arriued at Rome and according to their Kings command had sent rich presents vnto their Patrons and others whose authority as then was most powerfull in Senate such an alteration forthwith insued that Iugurth from their highest displeasure was receiued into the grace and fauour of the Nobility Part of whom being induced with hopes part with rewards laboured by suing to the Senatours seuerally that no rigorous Decree might passe against him Thereupon as soone as the Ambassadours were fully confirmed an Audience in Senate vpon an appointed day is granted to both parties Then Adherbal as we haue heard spake after this manner CHAP. 3. Adherbals Oration to the Senate The reply of Iugurths Ambassadours YE Fathers Conscript Micipsa my father inioyned me that I should thinke the deputed Gouernment of the Kingdome of Numidia to be onely mine that the right and Soueraignty was intirely yours withall that I should striue to the vtmost both in peace and â—â—arre to be most seruiceaâ—â— vnto you That I 〈◊〉 esteeme you in the place of kinsmen and Allies If I did thus I should possesse by your friendship Armies riches and the fortresses of my Kingdome Which precepts of my faâ—then whilst obserued Iugurth a man of all whom the earth beares the most wicked hath thrust out me Massenissaes nephew and your Confederate and friend as it were by inheritance out of my Kingdome and all my fortunes And since ye Fathers Conscript I was to arriue at this point of misery I would that rather for my owne then my Ancestours I could claimâ—â—â—â—â—sistance from you But especially that good offices might be due to me from the Romane people of which I stood not any wayes necessitated next to this I would if they were to be wisht for that I might vse them as debts of duty But because goodnesse is hardly safe in itselfe neither was I assured what Iugurths demeanour would be I fled to you for refuge ye Fathers Conscript vnto whom which is the greatest misery to me
because we haue parents aboundantly of friends neither we nor any man else had euer enough And would to God this had pleased thee from the beginning then for certaine thou hadst receiued more benefits from the people of Rome then thou hast suffered mischiefes But because Fortune gouernes most of humane affaires whose pleasure forsooth it was that thou shouldest trye both our force and fauour now since thou maist doe it by her leaue make haste goe on as thou hast begunne Many and opportune meanes thou hast to redeeme thy errours the more easily with good offices Lastly let this sinke into thy brest that the people of Rome were neuer ouercome with benefits for in warre what they are able to doe thou thy selfe knowest To this Bocchus answered in few words excusing withall his owne of fence That he had not taken armes with any hostill intention but for the safety of his Kingdome that that part of Numidia from whence he expelled Iugurth was made his owne by the right of warre hee could not suffer that to be wasted by Marius moreouer hauing sent Ambassadours to Rome hee had receiued a repulse of their friendship But he would omit old grieuances and now if hee might haue Marius licence he would senâ— Ambassadours to the Senate Then leaue being granted the Barbarians mind was altered by his friends whom Iugurth fearefull of what was intended after the knowledge of Syllaâ— and Manlius Ambassage had corrupted with gifts CHAP. 27. Marius draweth out some Troupesito besiege the Kings Towre Bocchus some other Ambassadours of whom three are sent to Rome MArius in the meane time his Army being quartered in their Winter Garrisons marcheth into the Desarts with the light-armed Cohorts and a part of the Cauallery to besiege the Towre royal where Iugurth had placed all the fugitiues in Garrison Then againe either from the Contemplation of those things which had happened to him in two seuerall battels or being admonished by other friends whom Iugurth had left vncorrupted Bocchus selecteth fiue amongst all the number of those that were neerest vnto him whose fidelity was well knowne and whose iudgement were mostable He commands them to goe to Marius and from thence iâ— it were his pleasure to Rome he grants them licence to mannage his affaires and to compound the warre vpon what termes soeuer They trauaile speedily towards the wintring places of the Romanes then being surprized and robbed in their iourney by Getulian theeues they repaire to Sylla being fearefull and vnseemely clad whom the Consull going vpon the expedition had left for Praetour He entertained them not as vaine enemies according to their deserts but daintily and liberally vpon which occasion the Barbarians both thought the report of the Romanes auarice to be false and Sylla for his munificence towards theÌ„ to be their friend For euen then giuing was unknowne to many no man was thought munificent except willing therewith all all good things were procured by bounty Vpon this they deliner Bocchus chardge to the Treasurer withall they request of him that hee would be their fauourer and Counseller they magnifie in their speech the Kings Forces faith greatnesse and what â—â—se besides they thought would be vsefull or beneuolent Then Sylla hauing promised them his best furtherance they being instructed what they should speake to Marius what to the Senate stayed thereabout forty dayes After Marius without effecting the businesse was returned to Cirtha as he intended being certified of the arriuall of the Ambassadours he commands both them and Sylla to come to him from Vtica and with them L. Bellienus Praetour of Vtica besides all men from all places of the Senatorian Order with them hee informes himselfe of â—ugurths Mandates in which licence was giuen to the Ambassadours to goe to Rome in the interspace a Truce was required of the Consull These things pleased Marius and most men besides some few censured more rigorously as ignorant of humane affaires which being fraile and inconstant doe alwayes change oppositly But the Moores hauing all their requests granted three of them went to Rome with Cn. Octauius Rufo who being Treasurer transported the pay into Africke two of them returne to the King From these Bocchus heard amongst other things the report of Syllaes bounty and affection And at Rome to his Ambassadours requsting friendship and alliance after they had confessed the Kiug to haue erred and to haue fallen into this mischiefe by Iugurths villany an answere was made after this manner That the Senate and people of Rome were mindfull of a benefit and iniury but yet to Bocchus because he repented they gaue a pardon of his offence aliance and friendship shall bee granted when he shall deserue it Which passages being knowne Bocchus intreateth Marius by his letters that he would send Sylla vnto him by whose arbitration they might prouide for the common affaires He was sent with a Conuoy of Horsemen and Footmen being Barbarian slingers besides there went Archers the Pelignian Cohort with their light armes because of making the more expedition in their iourney neither were they lesse defended with these then with other armes against the enemies Darts because they are light also But on the fifth day as they iourneyed Volux the sonne of Bocchus shewes himselfe suddenly in the openly fields with no more than a thousand Horse who marching loosely and disorderly represented to Sylla all the rest both a number greater then truth and a hostill terrour besides Therefore euery man makes ready they try they fixe their armes and weapons their feare was something but their hope more as vnto vanquishers and against those whom they had often vanquished In the meane time the Horsemen sent before to discouer brought tidings that all was quiet Volux comming neere telleth the Treasurer that hee was sent by his father Bocchus to meet and to guard them then ioyning their Forces they march that and the next day together without feare Afterwards when they had pitched their Tents and the euening was come suddenly the Moore trembling with a suptitious countenance poasteth to Sylla informing him that it was discouered by the skoutes that Iugurth was not farre off withall hee doth request and perswade him that he would secretly fly away with him by night He being of a haughty mind denies that he feares the Numidian so often vanquished he was sufficiently confident of his owne mens valour yea if certaine destruction were at hand he would rather stay then betraying those whom he led saue by a shamefull flight an vncertaine life and subiect to extinguishment by sickenesse perhaps in a short time after But being warned by him to dismarch by night he approues the counsell and forthwith he commands the Souldiers to suppe in their Tents frequent fires to be made then in the first watch to issue out with silence CHAP. 28. Sylla being sent Ambassadour to Bocchus is likely to be surprized by Iugurth He escapeth Iugurth is betrayed by Bocchus to the Romanes ANd
their horses meeting brest to brest they entred and broke the frount of our Army so making vse of their ready footmen they held the enemies for almost vanquished In the intercourse of this they fought at Zama with great violence where any Lieutenant of a Legion or Tribune had charge there they stroue with most courage neither had any man more hope in anothers helpe then in him selfe The like the Townes-men did they fought or were ready for it in all places more eagerly they wounded one another then guarded themselues The noise was confounded with incouraging gladnesse and groaning besides the clashing of Armes pierceth the heauens Missiue weapons fly from both sides But those who defended the walls when the enemies slackned the fight intentiuely beheld the horse-battell Then as any of Iugurths actions proceed you might obserue them to be somtimes merry sometimes fearefull and as they could be heard or seene of their fellowes some of them admonish others incourage or signifie with their hands or bend with their bodies Hither and thither they moue as they were flying or discharging weapons Which as soone as Marius knew for hee commanded in that part hee proceedeth more slackely then it was decreed counterfeiteth a distrust of the businesse hee suffreth the Numidians without tumult to view the Kings battell thus they being fixt vpon the care of their owne side on the sudden he assaulteth the wall most forcibly and now the Souldiers quitting their scaling ladders had almost surprized the battlements when as the Townesmen troope together they powre downe stones fire and other missiue weapons besides Our men at first make resistance after when one and then others of their ladders were broken and those who stood vpon them were thrown down the rest in the best manner they could fewe being vnhurt the greatest part wounded make their escape At length night parted the fight on both sides Metellus when hee saw that the enterprise wts frustrated that neither the Towne was taken nor that Iugurth ingaged fight except it were out of ambush or places by him chosen and that now the Summer was spent he departeth from Zama and in those Citties which had reuolted from him and were sufficiently fortified with walls or situation hee placeth Garrisons The remainder of his Army he disposeth in the Prouince next to Numidia in regard of wintring there Neither doth hee afford that time as others were wont to rest and riot but because the warre had but meane proceeding by Armes he layeth snares for the King by his friends and resolueth to vse their perfidiousnesse for Armes Therefore with many promises he assaieth Bomilcar who had beene at Rome and secretly baile being giuen had escaped Iudgement for killing Massiua because that hee by meanes of his neerest friendshippe had the best meanes of deceiuing and first he wrought that hee should come to him in secret vnder the colour of conference then by giuing his faith that if hee deliuered Iugurth aliue or slaine he should be assured the Senate would grant him impunity and whatsoeuer was his owne he easily perswadeth the Numidian being as well of a faithlesse disposition as also fearefull that if peace were made with the Romanes he vpon the conditions should be deliuered ouer to punishment He as soone as the first opportunity serued visiteth Iugurth being perplexed and bewailing his fortunes he doth admonish and with teares coniure him that at length he would prouide for himselfe his children and the Numidian people which had best deserued in all conflicts they had beene foiled the Country was wasted many men were taken and slaine the strength of the Kingdome was exhausted enough oftentimes had they tried already fortune and the Souldiers valour he should beware lest himselfe protracting time the Numidians secured themselues With these and other such like speeches he moued the King to resolue vpon yeelding CHAP. 17. Iugurth sendeth Ambassadours to Metellus Hee yeeldeth himselfe and his Kingdome to the Romane people Afterwards he reretracteth A description of Marius AMbassadours are sent to the Generall who should declare that Iugurth would performe his commands and without any composition would surrender himselfe and his Kingdome vnto his trust Metellus speedily commandeth all those of the Senatorian degree to be sent for out of their wintring places of them and others whom hee thought fit hee assembleth a Councell Thus according to the custome of their Ancestours by the Decree of the Councell he demandeth from Iugurth by his Ambassadours two hundred thousand pounds of siluer all his Elephants and a proportion of Horses and Armes Which being accomplished without delay he appointed them to bring all their fugitiues bound a great part of them were brought according to appointment some few as soone as the surrender was made escaped vnto King Bocchus into Mauritania Therevpon Iugurth being dispoiled of Armes men and money when as he himselfe was summoned to lay his command vpon Tisidium he againe began to change his resolution and from a guilty conscience to feare deserued punishment finally many dayes being spent in doubts when as now thorugh the irkesomnesse of his aduersity all things seemed better then warre then againe when he pondered with himselfe how grieuous a downefall it would be from a Kingdom into seruitude many and great aides being lost to no purpose he reneweth the warre againe and at Rome the Senate sitting in councell about the Prouinces decreed Numidia to Metellus At the same time C. Marius casually at Vtica sacrificing to the gods with slaine beasts the Diuiner told him that great and wonderfull things were portended wherefore trusting on the gods hee should execute his designes that hee should haue a frequent triall of fortune that all things would fall out prosperously But him formerly a mighty desire of getting the Coâ—sâ—lâ—hip had possessed for the procuring whereof setting aside the antiquity of his house all other helpes serued aboundantly as industry honesty much knowledge in Souldery a mind greedy of warre frugall at home victorious ouer lust and wealth onely couetous of glory But he being borne and fostred during his child-hood at Arpinum as soone as he was of military age he exercised himselfe in imployment for a Souldiers pay not in Grecian eloquence nor neatnesse of the Citty Thus amidst these good Artes his mind being vncorrupted grew to maturity in a short time Therefore when first he requested a Tribuneship of the people he being to most men vnknown by face otherwise well knowne was proclaimed throughout all the Tribes Then from that Magistracy he acquired others by degrees and alwayes in authority hee carried himselfe after that maÌ„ner that he shewed himselfe worthy of a more ample one then that which he exercised Yet hee being such a man in that eminency of place for afterwards he was precipitated by ambition durst not sue for the Consulship Euen then the Commonalty gaue other Magistracies the Nobility disposed the Consulship successiuely amongst themselues No new man was so
of the gates The Moores and Getulians being suddenly awaked with the strange and hideous noise could neither flye nor take armes nor make nor prouide any meanes of resistance Thus all of them with the clashing and clamour no man comming to their succours our men falling on with tumult terrour and feare were like mee suprized with an astonishment Finally all of them were rowted and chased most of their armes and military Ensignes were taken and more slaine in that battell then in all the former for by sleepe and the vncouth terrour flight was hindred Thereupon Marius as he began marcheth towards his Winter Garrisons which because of victuals he resolued to haue in the maritime Townes Neither yet was hee growne slouthfull or insolent with his victory but euen as if hee had beene in the eye of his enemies he aduanceth with his Army marching in square battalions Sylla on the right side tooke charge with the Horse-men on the left A. Manlius with the darâ—â—â—s and slingers besides the Ligurian Cohorts for Frontiers and bringers vp he placed the Tribunes with the light-armed Maniples The fugitiues who knew the Country best discouered the enemies iourney withall the Consull as if no man had beene imposed was prouident for all things hee was present with all heâ—praysed he rebuked those that deserued he himselfe being armed and intentiue besides inforced the Souldiers to their duties nor otherwise then if he had beene in the sight of the enemy doth he dispose his marches doth he fortifie the Camp doth he send the Legionary Cohorts to watch at the Gate the auxiliary Horse-men before the Camp moreouer he placeth others on the Rampier of the workes he himselfe rouneth the watches not so much from the distrust of the performance of 〈◊〉 which he commanded as for that the Generals labour being made equall with the Souldiers they might become the more willing And verily Marius in that and other times of the Iugurthine warre inforced the Army more with shame then punishment which many reported to be done out of ambition because from his childhood he had accounted a customary hardnesse and other things which other men call miseries exercises of pleasure But yet the Common-wealth as well as vnder the seuerest command was well and orderly gouerned Moreouer on the fourth day following not farre from the Towne of Cirtha the skoutes hastily shew themselues by which signe the enemy is knowne to be neere But because they retaining diuersly seuerall men from seuerall parts all of them signified the same the Consull doubtfull how to marshall his Army the order of it being nothing altered hee makes a stand in the same place being prouided against all euents By this meanes Iugurths hope was frustrated who had distributed his Army into foure diuisions thinking that some amongst them all would equally fall on the enemies backs In the meane time Sylla whom the enemies first attached incouraging his Souldiers in Troupe and with their horses in the closest order both he and others inuade the Moores The rest keeping their ground defend their bodies from the dartes that were cast against them from the hand and if any fell in their power they killed them Whilst the Horse-men fight after this manner Bocchus with the Footmen which his sonne Volux brought and were not in the former fight because they staid in their iourney sets vpon the Rereward of the Romanes Then Marius was amongst the frontiers because Iugurth was there with his greatest Forces Then the Numidian Bocchus his comming being knowne secretly with some few wheeleth about to the Footmen there in Latine for hee had learned to speake it at Numantia he crieth our aloud that ouâ— men fought in vaine that Marius not long before was slaine by his owne hand shewing therewith all his sword imbrued with blood which in the fight he had bloodied in killing a footman of ourâ— with great dexterity Which report as soone as the Souldiers heard they were more terrified with the foulenesse of the fact then with the credit of the messengers tidings therewithall the Barbarians raised their spirits and fell on more fiercely vpon the amazed Romanes And now they were vpon the point of flying when as Sylla hauing discomfited those against whom he went returning by the flanck charged the Moores Bocchus is forthwith put to flight But Iugurth whilst he endeauours to releeue his owne men and to retaine the victory which was almost gotten being circumuented by the Horsemen on euery side all the rest of his retinue being slaine he alone escapeth by flight amongst his enemies weapons And Marius in the interspace hauing followed the chase of the Horsemen comes to the succour of his Souldiers whom he had heard to haue beene already put to the worst Finally the enemies were now rowted in euery place Then a horrible spectacle was seene in the open fields they follow they flie they are slaine they are taken men and horses are ouerthrowne together many hauing receiued wounds could neither fly nor take rest sometimes they stroue to rise and forhwith fell downe last of all as farre as the eye could discerne all places were couered with weapons armes and carkeises and amongst them the earth was polluted with blood CHAP. 26. Marius commeth to Cirtha Bocchus mediates for a Treatie of Peace L. Sylla and A. Manlius are sent Ambassadours vnto him FRom that place the Consull being victorious without all peraduenture came to the Towne of Cirtha whither at first hee intended his iourney Thither after the fifth day on which the Barbarians had fought the second time with ill â—uccesse Ambassadours from Bocchus arriued who requested of Marius in the words of the King that he would send two of his faithfullest friends vnto him that hee would treat with them about things commodious for himselfe and the people of Rome He forthwith commands L. Sylla A. Manlius to go who although they went as men sent for yet it was their pleasure to deliuer some words to the King that so they might either alter his aduerse disposition or being desirous of peace they might inflame him more vehemently Sylla to whose eloquence not age Manlius gaue place expressed himselfe in few words after this manner King Bocchus we must reioyce since the gods admonished thee being so great a person that at length thou shouldest desire peace rather then warre nor shouldest dishonour thy selfe being a most excellent man by confederating with Iugurth the worst of all men withall that thou shouldest take from vs a seuere necessity of persecuting they errours and his wickednesse Besides it seemed good to the Romane people being poore euen from the very beginning to procure friends rather then seruants they thought it safer to command ouer those who were willing then those who were inforced But for thee no friendship is more vsefull then ours first because we are farre remoued in which there is least cause of offence and as equall correspondency as if we were neighbours then
as my selfe in what extremity our affaires are two Armies of our enemies debarre vs one from the Citty the other from Gaule to stay longer here if our resolution could beare it the want of corne and other necessaries prohibites wheresoeuer we meane to goe the way must be opened by the sword Therefore be of a valiant and prepared mind and when you shall begin the battel remember that you carry in your right hands riches renowne and glory with your liberty and Country besides If we ouercome all things will be secured to vs aboundant prouisions the priuiledged Townes and Colonies will discouer but if we shrinke for feare these will all proue our enemies Neither will any place or friend shelter him whom his armes shall not protect Besides my Souldiers the same necessity is not impendent ouer vs and them wee contend for Country liberty and life they are at leisure to fight for tyranny of some few For which cause fall on more couragiously being mindfull of your ancient vertue It had beene lawfull for vs to haue protracted our liues in exile with the most disgrace that could be some of you at Rome hauing lost your owne might haue expected other mens riches Because these courses seemed base and vnsufferable for men you resolued to pursue these other If you will relinquish these there is need of courage No man except the Conquerour hath changed warre for peace For to seeke safety by flight when you shall diuert your armes from your enemies by which the body is defended that is madnesse indeed Alwayes in a battle their danger is greatest who feare most courage is accounted for a wall When I consider you my Souldiers and when I esteeme your braue actes a great hope of victory doth possesse me your resolution age and vertue perswade me besides the necessity which also makes the cowards valiant For that the multitude of our enemies may not inclose vs the fastnesse of the place forbids but if fortune shall enuy your valour beware that you lose not your liues vnreuenged nor that being taken you be slaine like beasts rather then fighting like men to leaue a bloody mournfull victory vnto the enemies As soone as he had spoken thus pausing a little he commaunds the warlike instruments to sound and drawes out his Troupes in order vnto a conuenient place then all the horses being remoued to the intent that the danger being made equall courage might be amplified in his Souldiers hee himselfe on foot arangeth his Army as the place and his numbers required For whereas the plaine was seated between mountaines on the left hand and on the right hand it was rough with rockes he placeth eight Cohorts in front his other Troups he imbattailes for succour in a more close order Out of these hee drawes all the Centurions and the selected men that had serued out their yeeres besides euery one of the common Souldiers that was best armed into the Van of the Vanguard Hee commands C. Manlius to take charge in the right wing and a certaine Fesilan in the left he himselfe with the freed-men and those of the Colonies tooke vp his station before the Standard of the Eagle which Marius was said to haue in his Army in the Cimbrian war But on the other side C. Antonius because being lame of his feet he could not be present at the battle commits the whole charge of his Army to M. Petreius his Lieutenant Hee imbatailes the old Cohortes which were inrolled because of this tumult in the Frount after them he disposeth the rest of his Forces for aydes of reserue He himselfe riding round about on horse-backe naming euery Commander seuerally coniures perswades and intreates that they would remember how that they were to fight against vnarmed Theeues for their Country children Temples and Families This Martiall man because for more then thirty yeeres he had been with great glory either Tribune Prouost Marshall Lieutenant or Pretour in the Army knew most of the Souldiers and their valiant exploits by rehearsing these he inflamed their courages But as soone as Petreius all things being thus ordered had giuen the signall by sound of Trumpet he commands the Cohorts to aduance a little the enemies Army doth the like After they came to that distance from whence the light armed skirmishers might begin the battle they incounter one another with a mighty noyse and hatefull signes they leaue their Piles and try the matter at swords point The Veteranes mindefull of their ancient vertue presse them hardly at hand fight the others resist without feare on both sides they fought with much fiercenesse In the meane time Catiline with the readiest Souldiers is ingag'd in the point of the Van-garde he succours the distressed sends in fresh supplies for the wounded prouides for all euents he himselfe fights brauely and chargeth the enemy often he performes together all the Offices of a valiant Souldier and worthy Generall Petreius as soone as hee saw Catiline contrary to his expectation to make a forcible impression he brings on the Praetorian Cohort vpon the middest of his enemies and kills them being disordered resisting here and there then he assailes the rest on both sides in flancke Manlius the Fesulan fall with the first After that Catiline saw his Troupes broken and himselfe with some few remaining being minde full of his parentage and former dignity he runnes amongst the thickest of his enemies and fighting there is slaine But the battle being ended then might you discerne how much courage strength of spirit had bin in Catilines Army For almost the same place which each man maintained fighting the same his soule being departed he couered with his body But some few through the middest of whom the Proetorian Cohort broke made a stand differently in diuers places yet all of them fell by faire wounds As for Catiline he was found amongst the carkeises of his foes far from his owne men breathing as yet his last and that fiercenesse of mind which he possessed liuing he retained then in his countenance Lastly of all that number neither in the fight nor flight was any free Cittizen taken prisoner Thus all of them alike spared their owne and their enemies liues Neither yet did the Army of the Roman people obtaine a ioyfull and vnbloody victory For euery man that was most valiant was either slaine or went from the field grieuously wounded But many who issued out of the Campe for view or pillage turning vp the enemies carkeises found some a friend others a guest or a neere kinsman yea there were those who knew their very foes Thus variously gladnesse and griefe mirth mourning were moued throughout all the Army The end of Catilines Conspiracie THE VVARRE OF IVGVRTH Rendred into English by William Crosse Master of Artes of Saint Mary-hall in Oxford LONDON Printed for Tho. Walkley and are to be sold at the Eagle and Childe in Britaines Bursse 1629. To the right Honorable the Lord Harbert of
Rome gaue for a donatiue to the King whatsoeuer Citties and territories they had got in this conquest for which cause Massinissaes friend-ship remained firme and faithfull vnto vs. But his life and Empire ended together After him his son Micipsa obtained the Kingdome alone Mastanabal and Gulussa his brethren being dead of sickenesse He begot Adherbal and Hiempsal and brought vp Iugurth the sonne of his brother Mastanabal whom because borne of a Concubine Massinissa had left priuate with the same education that he did his owne children who assoone as hee came to ripe yeeres excelling with strength and comelinesse of countenance but most of all with an able wit he gaue not himselfe ouer to the corruptions of luxurie and slouth but as the custome of that Nation is to riding darting and in race matches to contend with his equals and though hee out-went all men in glory yet was hee deare to them all Besides he spent most of his time in hunting he would assaile the Lion and other wild beasts first or with the first he did the most and spake least of himselfe For which causes although Micipsa reioyced at the beginning as deeming that Iugurths vertue would be an honour to his Kingdome yet when he considered that this young man he himselfe being old and his children little improued himselfe more and more being much moued with the occasion hee pondered many things in his mind The nature of men being couetous of command and prone to fulfill their owne desires besides the opportunity of his owne and his childrens age which also for hope of gaine alters the course of temperate men afforded him matter of terrour as likewise did the Numidians affections wholy bent vpon Iugurth from whom he was doubtfull that some sedition or warre would proceed if he should treacherously kill so worthy a person Being inuironed with these difficulties when he saw that neither by force nor fraude he could oppresse a man so popularly beloued he resolues for that Iugurth was valiant of hand and desirous of military glory to expose him to dangers and that way to try his fortunes Thereupon in the Numantine warre when as Micipsa was to send Aydes of Horse and Foote vnto the people of Rome hoping that either by the ostentation of his valour or the enemies furie he would be soone slaine he giues him the chiefe command ouer those Numidians which he sent into Spaine But the euent of this was farre otherwise then he expected For Iugurth as he was of an actiue and sharpe conceite when he found out the disposition of Pu. Scipio Generall as then for the Romanes and withall the enemies behauiour by much labour and much care besides by obeying modestly and incountring dangers willlingly hee came to that renoune in a short time that to our men he was very deare to the Numantines very dreadfull and for certaine which is a thing most difficult he was valiant in battle and wise in counsell one of which commonly out of prouidence begets feare the other out of boldnesse begets temerity Therefore the Generall performed for the most part all difficult affaires by Iugurth he rankt him amongst his friends and honoured him euery day more then other as one whose counsell and vndertaking neuer failed To these were adioined munificence of mind and dexterity of wit by which qualities he aduantaged himselfe with the familiar friendship of many Romanes At that time sundry vpstarts and Noblemen serued in our Armie who preferred riches before that which was good and decent being factious and powerfull at home more popular amongst their companions then honest in themselues who by promises had kindled great hopes in Iugurth that when King Micipsa once dyed he alone should inioy the Kingdome of Numidia in him there was a large portion of vertue at Rome all things were to be sold But after that when Numantia being destroyed P. Scipio resolued to dismisse his Aydes and to returne home himselfe he brought Iugurth with intent to reward and honour him before the assembly into the Praetorian Tent And there in secret gaue him these admonitions that he should rather publickly then priuately obserue the friendship of the Roman people that he should not accustome himselfe to particular largesses those fauours would be bought dangerously from some few in which many were interessed if he would be constant to his owne courses renowne and the Kingdome would come to him freely but if hee should proceed with too much haste he and his money would be ruined together Hauing spoken thus he dismissed him with letters which hee was to deliuer vnto Micispa The contents of them were these The valour of thy Iugurth in the Numantine warre hath beene most remarkable which for certaine I know reioyceth thee hee is for his merits deare to vs that hee may be so to the Senate and people of Rome we shall endeuour with all our power I am sincerely thankfull to thee for our friendship Behold you haue a man worthy of your selfe and his grandfather Massinissa Therefore the King as soone as hee saw those things confirmed by the Generals letters which he had formerly heard by a common fame moued with the worth and respect of the man resolues to winne Iugurth with his bounty thereupon he adopted him by his testament ordained him coheire with his sonnes But he himselfe after some few yeeres being spent with sickenesse and old age when he perceiued his end of life to approach was said to haue had these words with Iugurth his friends and kinsmen and his sonnes being present I entertained thee into my Kingdome O Iugurth being a child left without hope without fortunes conceiuing that I should be as much indeared to thee for my benefits as if I had beene thy naturall father neither hath this opinion deceiued me For to omitte others of thy great and glorious exploits returning lately from Numantia thou hast honoured both me and my Kingdome with glory and by thy vertue hast made the Romans of Confederates most intimate friends The name of our family is renewed in Spaine finally which is a thing most difficult amongst mortals with glory thou hast vanquished enuy Now because nature doth an end to my life I doe warne and coniure thee by this right hand and the Kingdomes allegeance that thou wilt regard louingly these my children who are thy kinsmen by birth thy brethren by the benefit of my adoption nor that thou wouldst rather adioyne strangers vnto thee then retaine them conioyned in blood Not Armies nor treasure are the safeguards of a Kingdome but friends whom thou canst neither force by Armes nor get with gold by good offices fidelity they are procured But who can be more a friend then a brother to a brother or what strāger shall you find faithfull when you shall be an enemie to your owne flesh and blood Surely I leaue you a Kingdome strong if you be good weake if you be wicked for by concord small things increase bydiscord
For at first he murthered Hiempsal my brother then he droue me out of my fathers Kingdome What iniuries were solely ours did nothing pertaine to you But now hee vsurpeth my Kingdome by Armes me whom you haue appointed to rule ouer the Numidians he keepes shut vp and besieged How much he valued your Ambassadours speeches my dangers declare What remedy is left but your power by which he may be remoued for verily I could wish that those things which I now write and those of which I haue formerly complained in Senate were all false rather then my misery should giue credit to my words But because I was borne for this purpose that I should be the scoffe of Iugurths vilanies I doe not now deprecate death and miseries but only my enemies tyranny and bodily to ments For the Kingdome of Numidia which is yours prouide as you please deliuer me out of his impious hands by the Maiesty of your Empire by the faith of your friendship if any remembrance abides with you of my grand-father Massinissa CHAP. 7. Ambassadours of greater quality are commissioned to goe for Africke They are slacke in their charge Cirtha yeelds vpon composition Adherbal is slaine THese letters being read some were of opinion that an Army was to be sent into Africk and Adherbal was to be forthwith succoured that they should aduise themselues concerning Iugurth because he had disobeyed the Ambassadours But the very same fauourers of the King laboured with all their power that no such Decree should passe Thus the publicke good as it oftentimes falls out was ouercome by priuate fauour Yet were there sent into Afticke other Noble men elder then the first who had vndergone most honourable charges amongst whom was M. Scaurus of whom wee haue formerly spoken one who had beene Consull and was as then President of the Senate These because the foulenesse of the fact was subiect to much hatred and withall being importuned by the Numidians imbarked themselues the third day following then landing not long after at Vtica they dispatched letters to Iugurth importing that with all possible speed he should come to them into the Prouince He as soone as he vnderstood that men of honour whose authority he heard was powerfull at Rome came purposely to crosse his proceedings being at first much perplexed he was diuersly distracted with feare and desire He feared the displeasure of the Senate if he shewed himselfe disobedient to the Ambassadours againe his mind being blinded with ambition did violently transport him towards the intended treason yet euill counsell preuailed ouer his head-strong disposition Thereupon his Army hauing surrounded Cirtha he endeuours to force it to the vtmost of his power being very hopefull that the enemies Troupes being thus diuided he should by assault or stratagem find out some way of victory for himselfe which falling out otherwise and being vnable to effect what he intended about the surprizing of Adherbal before he visited the Ambassadours lest by further delayes he might offend Scaurus whoÌ„ he much feared with a few Horsemen hee comes into the Prouince And although to the orders of the Senate heauy comminations were added in case he should not desist from the siege yet after much talke in vaine they departed without any further effect After these things were related at Cirtha these Italians by whose valour the walls were defended being confident that vpon a surrender made they should in regard of the Maiesty of the Romane name be dismissed without any further hurt doe perswade Adherbal that he should yeeld himselfe and the towne to Iugurth onely he should condition with him for his life that as for the rest the Senate would be carefull But he although he deemed all things safer then Iugurths faith yet because they had power in themselues to force him if he should be refractory he makes a surrender Thereupon Iugurth hauing first tortur'd Adherbal puts him to death then hee murthers all the Numidian youth and marchants promiscuously as any man incountred his armed Souldiers After which massacre was published at Rome and the matter began to be debated in Senate the very same ministers of the King by interposing themselues and protracting time now by fauour then againe by their cauils did mitigate the foulenes of the fact so that except C. Memius Tribune of the people elect being a man of courage and much offended with the power of the Nobility had fully informed the people of Rome that a plot was layd for procuring Iugurths pardon by some few of his faction without question all the hatred of this his offence had vanished into nothing through their dilatory consultations So powerfully wrought the Kings fauour and money But as soone as the Senate through the conscience of their owne errour grew fearefull of the people by the Sempronian Law Numidia and Italy were decreed for Prouinces to the future Cousuls P. Scipio Nasica L. Bestia Calpurnius were declared Consuls to Calpurnius Numidia to Scipio Italy fell by lot forthwith an Army is inrolled to be transported into Africke paye and all other prouisions requisite for the warre are appointed But Iugurth contrary to his expectation being informed of this by a messenger for because he was fully perswaded that all things were venall at Rome he sends his sonne and with him two of his familiar friends Ambassadours to the Senate and giues them in charge as he had done to those whom he had sent after Hiempsal was slaine that they should corrupt whomsoeuer they could with money who when they were come to Rome the Senates aduice was demaÌ„ded of Bestia whether it were their pleasures that Iugurths Ambassadours should be receiued into the Citty and then the Lords decreed that except they came to surrender the Kingdome and Iugurth himselfe they should depart out of Italy within tenne dayes next following The Consull out of the Decree of the Senate commands this to be reported to the Numidians Thus they returne home without any successe in their suite CHAP. 8. Calpurnius is sent with an Army into Affricke He is corrupted by Iugurth IN the meane time Calpurnius an Army being leuyed substitutes vnder himselfe some Noble men giuen to faction by whose authority he hopes to fortifie his owne faultes amongst whom was Scaurus of whose nature and condition wee haue formerly spoken For in this our Consull there were many good indowmeÌ„ts of body and mind all which Auarice choaked He was patient of labour of a sharpe wit prouident enough no ill Souldier most firme against dangers and deceits But the Legions passing throâ—gh Italy to Rhegium and from thence into Sicily were finally transported from Sicily into Africke Thereupon Calpurnius hauing first made prouision of victuals inuaded Numidia fiercely many men and some Cities hee tooke there by plaine force But as soone as Iugurth by his Ambassadours began to tempt him with bribes and to remonstrate the difficulty of the warre which he now waged his weake mind was soone corrupted through Auarice Besides
excellent contended one with another themselues being equall but their helpes vnequall For Metellus was aduantaged by his Souldiers valour the place was disaduantageous to Iugurth all other things but Souldiers serued opportunely Finally the Romanes when they vnderstood that they had no place of refuge and that the enemy disingaged himselfe from fight and that now the euening was come fell off as they were commanded from the opposite hillocke The place of battell being lost the Numidians were rowted and chased some few were slaine the most part swiftnesse and a Country vndiscouered of their enemies preserued from danger In the intercourse of this Bomilcar whom we haue heretofore said to haue beene by Iugurth appointed Commander ouer the Elephants and part of the Foot-bands as soone as Metellus had ouer-reached him hee drawes out his men by little and little into a peece of euen ground and whilest the Lieutenant hastening marcheth to the riuer whither hee was fore-sent without tumult as the occasion required hee imbattaileth his Army neither is he slacke to discouer what the enemies should attempt any where After he was aduertised that Rutilius was sat down and that now hee was secure in mind withall that the noise increased from Iugurths fight fearing lest the Lieutenant the cause being knowne should aide his distressed friends he extendeth his Army with a larger Frount which distrusting the valour of his Souldiers hee had skilfully disposed for the impeaching of the enemies passage and in this order hee aduanceth towards Rutilius Camp The Romanes on the sudden obserue a great rising of dust For the field being beset with Coppises did forbid all prospect and at first they coniectured that the sand was stirred with the wind after when they saw that it continued alike as the Army moued approached neerer the occasion being discouered in haste they take Armes and as they were commanded stand fast before the Campe. Then as soone as they came within conuenient distance with hideous noise they incountred one another The Numidians stayed so long whilst they expected aide from their Elephants after they sawe them intangled with the boughes of the trees and being thus disordered to fetch a compasse about they betake themselues to flight and casting away their Armes for the most part got-off in safety through the fauour of the hillocke and the night which was now at hand Foure Elephants were taken all the rest in number forty were slaine But the Romanes although they were faint and weary through their iourney the pitching of their Tentes and the battell yet for that Metellus stayed longer then opinion being well ordered and resolued they march forwards to meete him For the wilinesse of the Numidians suffred no delay nor slackenesse And first the night being darke after they were come within neere distance with the noise as if it had been of enemies comming on they raised both feare and tumult amongst themselues and through ignorance a lameÌ„table fact was like to haue bin coÌ„mitted except the Vantcurrours sent out from both sides had discouered the matter Thereupon in stead of feare gladnesse arose the Souldiers reioycing call one another to witnesse they relate and heare their exploits euery man extolleth his owne valiant actes euen to the skies Truly this is the condition of humane affaires it is lawfull for cowards to boast in a victory moreouer losses detract from the valiant Metellus staying foure dayes in the same Camp he causeth the wounded to be carefully dressed he rewardeth them who had well deserued in the battell according to the military custome hee praiseth and thanketh them all in a publicke assembly he exhorteth them that as for the rest which would bee feasable with ease they should carry the same resolution for the victory they had already fought enough their other labours should bee for pillage CHAP. 16. Metellus sendeth out espials to discouer Iugurths doings The Numidians fall vpon some Romane straglers and beate them The alarum being taken they retire to the higher grounds FOr all this the Consull in the meane while sent fugitiues and others fit for the purpose to espie where Iugurth was and what he did whether he had few about him or a full Army and how he behaued himselfe being vanquished But he was retired into places full of woods and fortified by nature where he raised an Army eâ—ceeding thâ— first in number of men but vnactiue and weake better acquainted with the affaires of husbandry then warre That happened through this priuiledge for that no Numidian at all followes the King in his flight except the Horse-men Royall Whither euery mans mind leadeth thither he departeth neither is that accounted a Souldiers fault such there customes are Wherefore Metellus when hee saw the King as yet to haue an vndanted mind that the warre was renewed which could not be prosecuted but at the others pleasure besides that he was disaduantaged in fight by the enemies they being vanquished with lesse dammage then his men did vanquish hee determineth with himselfe that the warre was not to be mannaged by set battels nor an aranged Army but by a different course Thereupon hee goeth vnto the most opulent Countries of Numidia hee wasteth the fields he taketh and burneth many Townes and Castles being meanly fortified or without Garrisons he coÌ„mandeth those of military age to be slaine al other things were to be the Souldiers pray Through the terrour of this many hostages were giuen to the Romanes Corne and other vsefull prouisions were supplyed in abundance wheresoeuer occasion required a Garrison was imposed which occurrences much more terrified the King then the battell vnluckily fought by his Souldiers For because he all whose hope consisted in flight was compelled to pursue and he that was vnable to defend his owne was faine to make warre in anothers territories yet from his present distresse he taketh that counsell which seemed best hee commandeth the greatest part of his Army to expect him in the same Quarters he himselfe with some choice Horse-men followeth Metellus thus being vndiscouered in his nocturnall by-way iourneis he assaileth on the sudden the Romane straglers Most of them are slaine vnarmed many are taken prisoners not one of them all escapeth without hurt and the Numidians before they could be releeued from the Campe departed to the next hillockes according as they had orders In the meane time much ioy was conceiued at Rome vpon the knowledge of Metellus proceedings as for that he gouerned himselfe and his Army according to the discipline of their Ancestours that in a place of disaduantage he had vanquished by meere valour that he possessed the enemies Country that Iugurth bearing himselfe proudly vpon Aulus negligence he had constrained him to repose the hope of his safety in flight or in the desarts Thereupon the Senate for these things happily done decreed supplications to the immortall gods The Citty trembling before as being doubtfull of the euent of the warre now solaced her selfe with ioy Of Metellus