Selected quad for the lemma: friend_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
friend_n	army_n	duke_n	king_n	1,019	5	4.3381	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B21037	The stratagems of war, or, A collection of the most celebrated practices and wise sayings of the great generals in former ages written by Sextus Julius Frontinus, one of the Roman consuls ; now English'd, and enlarged with a new collection of the most noted strategems and brave exploits of famous and modern generals ... by M.D.A.; Strategematica. English	Frontinus, Sextus Julius.; D'Assigny, Marius, 1643-1717.	1686 (1686)	Wing D287; Wing F2244A; ESTC R4210	174,765	364

were fled and had left behind them their Ordinance Bag and Baggage they took the plunder of the Field This great Victory obtained at Podelvitza near Lipsick caused many Towns of Franconia to yield to the Conqueror Another Battel was sought at Rottenburg but the Imperialists were worsted Then did the King take all the Towns between the Baltick Sea and Mentz in one year The distressed Prince Palatine of the Rhine embraceth this favourable opportunity to recover his forfeited Estate and begs the Assistance of Gustavus who employs all his Forces to relieve him and by this means he got possession again of his Countries which could never be obtained by all the Treaties Leagues and Correspondencies of his Friends in Europe Francfort Ausburg Monachium and many of the chief Cities of Germany were surrendred to the King who met with no resistance till Wallenstein Duke of Fridland and the Duke of Bavaria with a great Army encamped near the Swedes about Noremburg The Kings Army was 50000 strong the Imperialists more but the Swedes wanted Provisions which they took by intercepting such Convoys as were going to the Emperours Army and by surprizing Friestad a Magazine The King sends Tupatelius a Swedish Collonel with a party of Dragoons in the Night They clapt a Petard to the Gates and entred the Town took the Corn and the Cattle that were there and because the Enemies Army lay not far off the King sent a strong party to relieve his Men placing an Ambush for the Imperialists who failed not to fall into it to their great loss Both Armies thundred one against another many days with frequent Skirmishes but the want of Provisions forced them to part after a hot Encounter The Imperialists marched towards Saxony to be revenged on that Duke With the Dread and Terror of Fire and Sword they opened the Gates of many strong Towns till the King hasting to the Assistance of that miserable Country at the fatal Town of Lutzen the 6th of November 1632. he meets with the Imperial Army and resolves to fight them As soon as the Sun was up he implored the Assistance of the Almighty and set his Army in order he himself led the Right Wing the Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar had the Left The King was desired to put on his Armour but he refused to incumber himself with so great a Weight In the heat of the Battel a certain person belonging to the Regiment of Piccollomini sees him at a distance he rid furiously up to him and as he was turning about his Horse he shot him with a Brace of Bullets in the Back to the great grief of all his Army but not to their Discouragement for when they heard of his Death they fell so resolutely on that they beat off the Imperialists and recovered the Royal Body In the Left Wing Duke Bernard had put the Enemy to a Retreat but at that Instant Papenheim an Imperial General came into the Field rallyed the disordered Troops and with his own Forces endeavoured to snatch the Victory from the Swedes but he sound them ready to receive him The day was too short for that Fight it continued some part of the night but Papenheim ended there his days in the Bed of Honour leaving the Swedes to rejoice for a dear bought Victory with the loss of an excellent King who dyed in the 38th year of his Age. When he saw how fond and confident his People were in him he desired them not to trust in him whose Breath was in his Nostrils but in the Lord Jesus who had promised to be with his Church till the end of the World Though the Swedes here lost their King they prosecuted the War under the command of Duke Bernard Kniphus and Horn being assisted by the Dukes of Saxony Brandenburg the Lantgrave of Hesse the Duke of Lunenburg CHAP. XLVI How Prince Maurice got into his Power the Town of Grolle in Gelderland GRolle was a well fortified Town possessed by the Spaniard Prince Maurice had laid Siege to it but was forced to depart without his purpose He studied therefore how to obtain by subtilty what he could not get by force Sometime after he calls together his Troops and declares that his design was to sit before Guelders a Town not far distant from Grolle As soon as the Spaniards understood it they furnished Guelders with all manner of provisions and Ammunition for its defence and took out of other Towns Soldiers and all necessaries to supply that but chiefly out of the Town of Grolle The Prince having notice how naked they had left it suddenly surrounded it the second time and by reason of its want of the Ammunitions and Provisions sent to furnish Guelders he quickly became Master of it Such pretences are very useful to deceive an Enemy and to surprize him unawares and unfurnished for a defence This policy was often practised by the Renowned Duke of Parma in the taking of several Towns in the Netherlands If therefore a Commander be free to discover his design upon any place the Enemy may understand thereby that this is only to deceive him and that the real intent is kept secret for Wise Generals will not suffer their inferiour Soldiers and sometimes their greatest Officers to know their purposes CHAP. XLVII How Scanderbeg with a Handful of Horse and Foot overcame the Turks numerous Forces of Cavalry and Infantry SCanderbeg that Renowned General and Champion of the Christian Faith in a certain Battel in which he was forced to engage and fight with the Turkish Army which exceeded him much in number of men made use of this policy He drew up his Army in such Streights and places as that he could not easily be surrounded And to strengthen his Horse against the fury of the Turkish he lined them with some of his best Foor commanding them at the first onset to charge in the distances between the Horse which was performed with that Gallantry and Courage that the Turkish Horse having both Foot and Horse to encounter with at once gave back and were forced to retire in disorder upon their Foot so that without any great Loss he routed and defeared that vast Army with a small number of Men. CHAP. XLVIII How the Duke d'Alve was wont to strengthen his Army in a Camp against the sudden Attempts of the Prince of Oranges Horse THe Duke d'Alve was a subtile Commander of his days and so renowned a General that his Prince Philip the 2d pitcht upon him to lead his Army to conquer the Kingdom of Portugal though he was then in disgrace and bannished the Spanish Court. When the Prince of Orange entred Brabant with a brave Army well provided with German Horse this Duke d'Alve had in his Army almost all Foot therefore to prevent any surprize d'Alve used to fortifie himself round with Waggons and Carts chained together and beyond them to cast up a Trench round his Army He caused also his Carts to be lined with Musketeers

of War which I have therefore separated because though they be sufficiently known they are of another kind And I have here mentioned them lest any should meet with them by chance in reading and by the resemblance they have with the former Practices should unadvisedly think them to be omitted Truly we must express them as belonging to the former things and as before I shall endeavour to place them under several Heads in the same order The Contents of the Chapters CHap. 1. Of the Discipline of War Chap. 2. Of the Consequence of such Discipline Chap. 3. Of Continency Chap. 4. Of Justice Chap. 5. Of Constancy Chap. 6. Of Affection and Moderation Chap. 7. Of various Counsels Resolutions and Advices CHAP. 1. Of the Discipline of War Example 1. P. Scipio reformed the Roman Army spoiled by the Slothfulness of their former Generals by sending away a vast number of their Servants and Slaves and obliging the Souldiers to perform their daily Exercises and Offices He commanded them likewise to march very often and to carry the Food of many days with them so that by that means the Souldiers were used to endure the Cold and Rain and to pass on foot through the Fords of Rivers And the General did blame and exclaim against Timorousness and Sloth breaking all their useless Vessels that were cumbersome in their Expeditions which happen'd very remarkably to C. Mevius the Tribune unto whom Scipio is reported to have said Thou wilt be an ill man to me for a little while but to thy self and the Common-wealth always 2. Q. Metellus in the War against Jugurtha restored again the Discipline of War which was likewise decayed by imitating the same Severity and forbidding the use of any other Flesh to the Souldiers but what was by himself ordered to be rosted and boiled 3. Pyrrhus used to say to such as he sent to gather Souldiers Chuse me the ablest Bodies and I will make them stout and couragious 4. When L. Flaccus and C. Varro were Consuls Livius names them L. Aemilius Paulus and Terentius Varro then were Souldiers first made by taking an Oath for before the custom was for a Tribune or a Colonel to ask of them whether they would devote themselves for the Service of their Country Then did they agree together and promise with a Curse that they would never depart to save themselves by flight or for fear and that they would never go out of their Ranks but to take their Weapons to strike an Enemy or to save a Citizen 5. When Scipio Africanus saw a Buckler of a certain Souldier adorned more beautiful than the rest he told him that he did not wonder at his care and diligence in beautifying it because he depended more upon it for his safety than upon his Sword 6. When Philip first made up his Army he forbad them all the use of Waggons and would not suffer a Horsemen to have more than one Servant and to ten foot Souldiers he appointed likewise a Servant who was to carry for them when they went out into the Field their Meat and their Ropes commanding them to bear upon their Backs the Meal needful for thirty days 7. C. Marius to shorten the Baggage and Carts of the Army which did most incumber it fitted up the Souldiers Food and Vessels needful in bundels hanging them behind their Backs upon crooked Staves which was easie for them to carry and lean upon from hence is derived the Proverb Muli Mariani Marius 's Mules 8. When Theagenes the Athenian led an Army against Megara he answered to those that asked for their Ranks and Places that he would appoint them one there He sent afterwards his Horsemen before secretly commanding them as Enemies to assault their own Friends by this means he approved those Souldiers that he had to meet and encounter with the Enemy And he suffered them to rank themselves as they pleased so that whereas the most timerous did fall back in the Rear and the stoutest were found in the Front As he found every man standing in that manner he advanced them to the Military Orders and Places 9. Lysander the Lacedemonian reproving a certain Soldier gone out of his way had this answer from him that he had not left his Company to steal but he replyed I will not have thee give the least suspicion of Stealth 10. When Antigonus heard that his Son was gone into a man's House who had Three Beautiful Daughters I hear said he my Son that thou hast but a narrow Lodging where so many Dames do command the House Take I advise thee a larger Dwelling and he ordered him to depart out withall made a Law that none should under Fifty years of Age in the Army lodge in a dwelling House 11. Q. Metellus the Consul though he was not hindred by any Law from receiving his Son alwaies in his Tent yet he appointed him to fight and to live as the other Soldiers and to endure the same hardship 12. P. Rutilius the Consul though the Laws suffered him to have his Son with him in his Tent yet he made him a Soldier in one of his Legions 13. T. Scaurus forbad his Son to come into his presence because he had given back and yielded Ground to the Enemy in a Wood near Trent The young Man oppressed therefore with Grief and Shame kill'd himself The Romans and other Nations anciently were used to pitch their Camps every where according to their Companies as so many distinct Villages for none but Towns had Walls and Fortifications But Pirrhus King of Epirus was the first that intrenched in an Army Afterwards the Romans having beaten him in the Fields of Arusina near the City Beneventum and taken his Camp they observed the manner of his pitching and by degrees are now arrived to that perfection of Encamping which is now in use 14. P. Nasica being in his winter Quarters tho he had no need of a Fleet lest the Soldiers should be spoiled by lazyness or for want of Employment be tempted to do mischief to their Friends resolved to build Ships 15. M. Cato hath left upon Record that some of his fellow-Soldiers were condemned to lose their Hands for being taken stealing and when a milder Punishment was imposed they were let bloud before the Generals Tent. 16. Clearthus the Lacedemonian General was wont to say to his Army That a Commander ought to be more fear'd than an Enemy He meant by those who were afraid to dye in the Battle but if they run away a certain Punishment and Execution was to be their reward 17. The Judgment of Appius Claudius was that those who had been taken by King Pyrrhus and were sent home to the Senate That the Horsemen should be reduced to fight on Foot the Footmen should be degraded and that all should abide out of their Trenches untill each of them should kill and produce the Spoils of two men of their Enemies 18. Otacilius Crussus the Conful commanded those who had

Belisarius he was recalled and sent thither again He overcame the Goths again took all that was lost From thence he went into Persia to give a stop to the fury of Cosroes whom he beat in fight and forced to sue for Peace After this he repressed the Huns when he was Old and drove them out of Greece having overthrown them in a Bloudy Fight CHAP. IV. Of Narses the Eunuch General under Justinianus THis Noble Eunuch was not much inferiour to Belisarius in Courage and brave Exploits When the other was warring against the Persians Narses was sent to command in Italy against Totilas the Valiant and Subtil King of the Goths He made use of some of the Northern People whom he called out of Dalmatia to assist him against the Gothick Nation There was a cruel Fight between him and Totila in Tuscany where the Goths were totally overthrown their King killed in the Field After this he recovered all the parts of Italy that had bin lost from the Roman Empire and when the Francs and Germans invaded the Borders Narses set upon them unexpected destroyed above 20000 of them and recover'd all the booty that they had gotten before This Narses was excellent in chusing a fit time to assault an Enemy and to give Battel which made a Learned Historian Procopius by name to say that the Virgin Mary came and appeared to him in his Prayers to God to assure him of Success and advise him of the time when he should give an on-set on the barbarous multitude Certain it is that outward Devotion hath seldom wanted Success and it hath been observed that Hypocrisie and feigned shew of Piety have been often blessed with prosperous Events in War whereas Impiety though it may Triumph for a while continues not long in its Flourishing Condition So necessary it is that Men should seek the assistance of Heaven in the critical time of War and take the Directions and Helps of their God to second their natural Courage and Valour against their Carnal Enemies as well as Spiritual Narses it seems is said to have Conquered as much by his Prayers as by his Sword After Totilas was slain the Goths gathered together under Teja their King but Narses encountred him near Cumae overthrew and utterly ruined their Empire in Italy restoring it to the Roman Dominion from which it had been violently taken and detained many years Narses after all these good Successes was employed in several Expeditions wherein he failed not of the same Happiness and Prosperity But at last though he had been so Victorious over all his Enemies abroad he could not prevent the malice and envy of his Enemies at home Justinian though an excellent Law-giver could not give Laws to his Passions and to his proud Domesticks and Family The Empress Sophia caused Longinus to be sent into Italy in his stead with this opprobious Message That he should come home to spin amongst her Maids He sent her back this Answer That he would speedily Spin her such a Thred that neither she nor her Husband would be ever able to untwist To make good this Threat he sends messengers to Albanus in Pannonia King of the Longobards and invites him into Italy with his People After this Narses leaves Rome and departed to Naples where he dyed in a short time after with Grief as is suppos'd CHAP. V. Of Cosroes King of Persia and his Unfortunate Expedition upon the Roman Empire Ann. Dom. 570. COsroes King of Persia the Son of Cabades was a mortal Enemy against the Romans all his days At his first Invasion Belisarius and Hermogenes were joint Generals together of the Emperors Army and though Cosroes was both Wise and Valiant at Nisibis and Daras the Romans had the Victory but because they would not follow the good advice of Belisarins they were overthrown by the Persian Auxiliaries and forced to conclude a dishonourable and short-liv'd Peace For Cosroes at the request of Totilas when he was hardly beset by Belisarius in Italy invaded again the Roman Empire and would not be intreated by the Embassadours of Justinian to desist from his Enterprize He took Surus scituate upon the River Euphrates more by Policy than by Force He reduced Beraea to Ashes destroyed Antioch with Fire and Sword took Seleucia Daphne and Apamia and several other good Towns because the Roman Army was then employed at a distance off from thence in Italy against the Goths So that he met with small or no resistance in this first Invasion Now there was a strong report amongst the Christians of those days that the City of Edissa since the time that Agbarus had been King who lived in our Saviours time was impregnable and that no Enemy could possibly take it not so much through the strength of the Walls or any other natural Fortification as through the Power of Christ who had procured such a priviledge to that City whereof his Friend Agbarus had been King Cosroes to try the Truth of this Report marched with a very great Army to besiege Edissa He sat down before it and raised a high Mount with Timber and Earth which over-topped the Walls The Citizens sorely gauled from this Mount with the Persian Arrows resolved to set it on fire by drawing in the Night a Ditch near to the Foot of the Mount which they filled with combustible stuff but when that succeeded not according to their expectation and the Mount could not take fire they brought out the Picture of Christ which was said to be sent to King Agbarus from himself before his Crucifixion That which before they could not effect was then accomplish'd for the Pile of Wood was suddenly in a Flame which the Edisseans encreased by casting in Tow Brimstone Flaggons filled with Pitch and Tar. Cosroes to remedy this opened the Conduits of Water to quench the Fire but all in vain the flame never ceased till the Mount was level'd with the ground This Story is reported by Procopius and Evagrius Lib. 4. Cap. 26. with other circumstances The latter Historian ascribes the Miracle and deliverance of the City not to the Power of the Image but to the Citizens Faith However Cosroes rose from his Siege and departed with shame and dishonour Another strange thing the same Evagrius in the next Chapter reporteth which happened to Cosroes at the Siege of Sergiopolis He fancyed the Walls of the Town to be furnished with Armed Men shining in bright Armour ready to defend them when there were scarce any Persons in the City However true it is that a panick fear caused him to leave that City also and a Miracle was reported and believed in that credulous Age. CHAP. VI. Of Martianus and Justinianus Generals under Justinus and Tiberius the Emperors in the Persian War An. Dom. 575. WHen as the Persians continued in their Hostile Minds and Endeavours against the Roman Empire Justin the 2d a Kinsman of Justinianus though he were himself but a faint-hearted and letcherous Prince appointed a brave

provided to resist An Ambush was laid to catch some of the Emperors Forces but several of the Bulgarian Nobility discontented at Telerichus reveals all the danger to the Emperor who managed and improved that discovery so well that he took all that lay in Ambush for him without shedding a drop of his peoples Bloud Telerichus understood that some had revealed this plot to the Emperour but not knowing who they might be he found them out in this manner He pretended that he would willingly make peace with the Emperour and submit to him upon certain Conditions and to shew that he had such a real and hearty design he desired him to name some of his Officers and Noble Men who were most pleasing to him them he promised to send and to entrust with the management of this Agreement between them The Emperour not imagining the Subtilty of Telerichus named those very Men to be Commissioners who had revealed all their Princes designs and plots to him Telerichus as soon as he knew them put them all to death and punished them for their Treason CHAP. XII How the Empress Irene overcame such as were of a Faction contrary to hers THere was a great stir in the Eastern Empire about the Images of the Church They had been cast out by Leo Isaurus and his Successors Constantine Copronymus and Leo the 4th and those who were for Images were banished and several punished But it happened that after the death of Leo Irene his Widow appointed to be Governess of the Empire during the minority of her Son re-establishes the Worship of Images and calls home all that had been banished These and other proceedings met with great opposition as is usual where two strong Factions are in a Kingdom She being jealous of the number and power of those that did dislike her Actions resolves to dis-arm them and to colour her malicious purposes against them she pretends an expedition against the Saracens who were broke in upon the Roman Provinces and that she wanted Arms to furnish her Army and therefore desires to borrow them from her Citizens The Officers who were sent were order'd to take none but from those who joyned not with her in the worship of Images As soon as they had yielded up their Arms which they did the more willingly because they thought that they should be employed against the Common Enemy she banished them out of the City and took away their Goods and Estates CHAP. XIII How Pope Gregory the Fourth betrayed the Emperour into the Hands of his unnatural Sons THe Sons of this Emperour were risen in Rebellion against him and had raised a considerable Army with a design to fight with their Father near Basil The Pope whose Election the Emperour had with some difficulty allowed came to the Armies with a pretence to make peace between the Father and his Sons but with a real intent to find some opportunity to be revenged upon the Godly Emperour At his arrival he found the Emperours Army the strongest and ready to give Battel To prevent the mischief that was like to fall upon the Sons whom he secretly favoured and whom he had stirred up against their Father he went over to the Emperours Army as if he had intended to reconcile the Father and the Sons together but as it appeard afterwards it was to get some time that the Emperours Army might be prevailed with by his cunning Followers to forsake their Lord and to join with the Young Men. This Negotiation was carryed on so subtilely and secretly by rewards and promises and by sowing the Seeds of discontent in the Army that when they were drawn out to Fight they went over to the Sons Army and forsook the poor Aged Emperour who was then forced to cast himself in the hands of his wicked and rebellious Sons who shut him up in Prison But this unnatural deed stirred up the Emperours Friends to procure him in a short time his Liberty CHAP. XIV How the Emperour Basil was deceived twice once by a Monk next by a Parrot THis Emperour was very desirous to see again his Son Constantine who was lately dead A Monk named Theodorus a reputed Negromancer undertakes to shew him again alive which he did in so lively a manner that the Emperour admired him But his Son Leo as soon as he heard of it accused Theodorus of Witchcraft but could do him no prejudice because of the Emperours extraordinary Favour that he did bear to him But Theodorus resolved to be revenged on Leo he perswades therefore the Young Man to carry secretly a Dagger in his Boots as a spell to preserve him from all kind of Wounds Leo believed Theodorus who went to the Father and told him that his Son Leo intended to kill him and for that purpose he carryed secretly in his Boots a short Dagger Search was made and the Dagger found and Leo was without further Examination shut up in Prison at which the people were much afflicted crying up and down the Streets Alass Lord Leo which words a Parrot belonging to the Court heard and learned to speak When the Emperour was at Dinner the Parrot cryed often Alass Lord Leo. These words spoke by the Bird so prevailed upon his mind for he fancyed the Bird to have spoken them by some Divine Inspiration that he released and heard his Son's Justification being thereunto earnestly intreated also by the common people who had for him a great respect and by that means found out the wicked knavery of Theodorus CHAP. XV. How the City of Rome was taken casually by the running of a Hare ARnulphus the first Emperour of the German Nation was invited by Pope Formosus into Italy to assist him against his Enemies and a contrary Faction He took many Towns and besieged the City of Rome unto which he had given several fierce assaults but in vain for it was stoutly defended by the Citizens At last when Arnulphus despaired to take it by force and was going to raise his Siege it happened that a Hare ran before his Army towards the breach The Soldiers gave immediately a great shout and hollow running after the Hare The Guards upon the Walls thinking they were coming to give an assault to the City in a panick Fear hasted away and forsook their stations and charge which as the Soldiers of Arnulphus perceived they entred the Town and took the City Thus was Rome once surprized by the guidance of a Hare Such casual accidents have oft-times been of great moment in times of War when mens apprehensions are awake and their minds ready to receive any impression the least surprize or strange thing unexpected weakens their Resolutions and makes them less able to resist an Enemy Therefore wise Generals have often put in practise things of themselves ridiculous at other times which in War have put the stoutest Enemy to flight and overcame the bravest Couragious For then nothing is to be contemned that may either dismay or disorder an Enemy