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A50498 A narrative of the principal actions occurring in the wars betwixt Sueden and Denmark before and after the Roschild Treaty with the counsels and measures by which those actions were directed : together with a view of the Suedish and other affairs, as they stood in Germany in the year 1675, with relation to England : occasionally communicated by the author to the Right Honourable George, late Earl of Bristol, and since his decease found among his papers. Meadows, Philip, Sir, 1626-1718.; Bristol, George Digby, Earl of, 1612-1677. 1677 (1677) Wing M1566; ESTC R36497 38,462 181

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A NARRATIVE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTIONS Occurring in the WARS BETWIXT Sueden and Denmark Before and after the ROSCHILD TREATY WITH The Counsels and Measures by which those Actions were directed Together With A View of the Suedish and other Affairs as they stood in Germany in the year 1675. with Relation to England Occasionally communicated by the Author to the Right Honourable George late Earl of Bristol and since his decease found among his Papers LONDON Printed by A.C. for H. Brome at the Gun in St. Pauls Church-yard M. D.C. LXXVII FOR The Right Honourable THE EARL of BRISTOL MY LORD I Esteem it as a singular favour and honour that your Lordship thinks me capable of giving you any information concerning the Northern Affairs the Scene of your Lordships many eminent Employments and Actions having been laid nearer the warm Sun The Draught I have here sent was made several years since and only communicated in private with some friends In the composing whereof I was not a little advantaged by being a spectator of the Actions and privy to some of the Counsels of both Kings But how far I have answered those advantages in the ensuing Narrative I submit to your Lordship's Censure and remain MY LORD Your LORDSHIP' 's Most humble and Obedient Servant Philip Meadowe Parham in Suff. Sep. 24. 1675. A NARRATIVE OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTIONS Occurring in the WARS BETWIXT SUEDEN and DENMARK Before and after the ROSCHILD TREATY With the Counsels and measures by which those Actions were directed THE ancient Emulation and jealousies betwixt the two Crowns of Sueden and Denmark occasioned by their near Neighbourhood and frequent Wars have been still heightned and promoted by the late Conquests the Crown of Sueden has made in Germany By which the Suede enlarging his Dominion beyond the Baltic to those goodly possessions of Pomeren and Bremen has betwixt his ancient Patrimony on one side and his new acquisitions on the other as it were enclosed and beleaguered Denmark The fatal effects of a Suedish Power established on this side the Baltic the Dane experimented in the year 1643. in the Reign of Christiern the fourth when upon occasion of some differences arising betwixt the two Crowns in relation to the commerce and navigation of each others subjects and the new impositions exacted by the Dane in the Sound Queen Christina without any previous denunciation of War sent secret Orders to General Torstenson who at that time commanded the Suedish Army in Germany to invade therewith the Danish Dominions which that wise General performed with such secrecy and diligence that the first intelligence of his attempt was brought to Copenhagen by the ordinary post advertising how the Suede was entred Holstein with an Hostile Army In that war the Dane lost Halland Jempterland Gothland and the Oesel For though Halland by the Treaty at Broomsborow was not formally alienated from the Crown of Denmark as it was in the succeeding Roschild Treaty but only mortgaged or leased to Sueden for thirty years lest the reputation of Denmark should seem too much prostituted by the utter abscission and dismembring of so considerable a Province from that Crown yet was it such a mortgage as in truth did amount to an absolute cession or alienation For the term of years when expired was made renewable from thirty to thirty till the Suede should receive an equivalent for Halland to his own liking and satisfaction A Peace being thus reestablished in the year 1644. by the Treaty made at Broomsborow upon the Frontier of both Kingdoms things continued quiet betwixt the two Crowns for some years till the late Charles Gustavus King of Sueden in the year 1655. imbarquing himself in a war against Poland transported thither the choicest of the Suedish souldiery to serve in that expedition where that martial King carried all before him but grasped at more than he could well enclose and conquered more than he could reasonably hope to keep till at length old Zarnetsky makes head against him with a powerful body of horse and by his example the newly submitted Provinces revolt as quickly from their new Lord insomuch that the Suede was embarass'd on all sides and his affairs in great decadency This conjuncture gratified the Dane who thought his turn was now come to retaliate upon the Suede and hoped by the favour of this opportunity to regain what he had lost in the former surprises And to give the better colour of justice to his Arms lest it should be thought he was rather invited thereto by the advantage of the occasion then constrained by the cause of any new provocations or injuries open war is solemnly proclaimed against Sueden by the antiquated formalities of a Herald Besides public letters and manifests are sent abroad to satisfy forein Princes and States and to vindicate the Right of his undertaking The truth is the Party was not ill concerted for the Brandenburger was already drawn off from the Suedish Alliance and upon good assurance given him from the Polish Court that the Soverainty of the Ducal Prussia should be conferred upon him which he accordingly now enjoys He confederated himself with the Pole and Dane against Sueden The Hollander also was of the party though as yet but covertly and great sums of money were advanced by Amsterdam and the trading Companies for they would not have it seem the Act of the States but of private persons by way of loan to the King of Denmark upon securities of the Customs in the Sound and Norway The Dane raised a considerable Army of about fifteen or sixteen thousand men well appointed rendesvous'd them in Holstein from thence passed the Elb besieged and took Bremerford a Town belonging to the Suede in the Bishoprick of Bremen But here some military men took the freedom to blame the Danish Conduct For had he carried the war on the other side of the Baltic entred Sueden it self at that time disfurnished of her principal Officers and Souldiers her King being absent in a remore Countrey reported to be dead the very terrour of an invading Army might have wrought such consternation in the minds of the people as probably to have given the Dane an opportunity of advancing the war as high as Stockholm But he on the contrary attacks the Suedish Dominions in Germany thereby alarming friends as well as enemies For the Princes of the nether Saxon Circle entring into a combination declare this invasion of the Bishoprick to be a breach of the Peace of the Empire and a violation of the Instrumentum Pacis concluded at Munster for the observation whereof they stood reciprocally Engaged Thus not waging war in good earnest the Dane by middle Counsels lost his opportunity for whilst his Army stood at a gaze not well knowing which way to take the King of Sueden marches with all imaginable speed from Poland and laying all in ashes behind him to secure his rear from the infal of the Polish horse and leaving strong Garrisons in Thorren