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A00400 A discourse of the nauigation which the Portugales doe make to the realmes and prouinces of the east partes of the worlde and of the knowledge that growes by them of the great thinges, which are in the dominions of China. Written by Barnardine of Escalanta, of the realme of Galisia priest. Translated out of Spanish into English, by Iohn Frampton.; Discurso de la navegacion que los portugueses hazen à los reinos y provincias del Oriente. English Escalante, Bernardino de, 16th cent.; Frampton, John, fl. 1577-1596. 1579 (1579) STC 10529; ESTC S101702 64,782 94

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feastes and assemblies but they agree and eate togither in some other place apart from them and there goeth no man into the place where they are but certaine blind men that are musicions to make them merry They vse a certain courtesie at their meeting very strange they shut theyr lefte hand and couer it with the right and hold them vp many tymes vpon theyr brest in token that they haue them fast shut vp in their hartes and to this mouinge of handes they adde vnto words of courtesie And amongst the commō people that which they commonly speake when they meete any strange friends that haue not seene one the other many daies before is that they doo aske them if they haue eaten and if they doo answere they haue not they carie them to the vittailling houses and make them great cheare and doo banquet them at their discretion For as I haue saide in all places and streetes as well within the citie as without there are a great number of vittailing houses where they sell meate and drinke aboundauntly of many sortes of meates and if they saye that they haue eaten they carry them to other houses where only they are serued with Conserua and fruites and shellfish and sundry sortes of wynes wherewithal they banquet and recreate themselues And if there come any guests newly forth of any other place to theyr houses if they finde them not with theyr best apparel that they vse to weare at a festiual tyme they speake not vntoo them nor make any reckening of them vntil they come in the most rich apparell they haue and in appareling themselues so they receiue thē with great myrth gladnes great courtesie For they haue an opinion that it is not lawful nor that they are not bonnde too receiue any guestes which weare their common apparel but such as doe come with their festiual apparel and the best they haue too shewe them that they haue caused with theyr coming great feasts and gladnes in theyr houses They vse too make very much of them at theyr comming and theyr kinsefolk neighbours and friends come too see them and carrie them a water made of certaine hearbes sodden that is somewhat bitter and of a redd collour which is very healthful and suche as they vse ordinarily for too preserue them in health All people in general giue themselues too labour aswell in tilling the fieldes ' as in other sciences and artes and in the trade of merchandise not permitting any ydle men Neither is there any poore people that doo begge among them nor they giue them any almes for they will that all get theyr liuinge with theyr labour And therefore they haue this order if there bee any that are lame criple or of greeuous diseases and haue of theyr kinred that are able to susteine them and doo it not the chiefe Tresurer of the king and other Officers in that place doo force them too doo it and so they giue them what they haue neede of according too the abilitie that euery one hath and if they haue no kinse folkes that are of wealth then they commaund to prooue the same before theyr Officers or Ministers of Iustices that they may commaund them to bee receiued into Hospitalles that the king hath to this ende in euery place with ordinary Officers that doo minister and giue to euery one what they haue need of aboundantly which coste proceedeth of his rents and for the most parte al these are incurable vntil they die they haue their names set down in their rowles and they themselues the chiefe Treasurer keeper of the accomptes of the kings rentes doo visit the officers and doo take accompt of the charges and prouision of the sick people And if they find that they haue not done theyr dueties as they are bounde too doo in seruing and cherishing them they are chastened without any forgiuenes And for the blinde men beeing poore they ordeine that they labour and work and get theyr meate in grinding of wheat and Rise in milles in place of moyles And the blind women which are strompets they appoint other women too gouerne ▪ trim and decke them which haue theyr sight and haue left this kinde of naughty liuing They are al very ingenious fine of witte too doo any thing with theyr handes and chiefely they which vse too paint pictures for they are maruellous painters of al kinde of byrds as it is wel seene by the bedde●… tables windowes targets and other lyke which they bring from thence to Portingal and very quicke of natural vnderstanding to finde out all kinde of artes ▪ They haue many Co●…thes and Waggons carried with horses They vse abroade in Townes and villages Waggons that are caried vnder saile with the winde and they gouerne them as easily as barkes in the water I sawe many Portingales that did affirme this which had beene in that Countrie and it prooueth to be so for in some linen clothes are painted which they bring from thence that I sawe in Lishebron there commeth painted the fashion that they are of They haue such discretion and cunning in the trade of merchaundyse that such as ●…oo vse it are commonly false lyers and full of mischiefe for they doo not indeuour any thing so much as too deceiue thē with whome they trade as people without consciente clothed in deceipt There are many that go rāging frō Prouince to Prouince with their merchaundyse carrying frō one to another the things which they want and goe down to the ports of the Sea to sel to straungers of the Ilandes and Realmes neere adioyning too thē Others there are which lyue continually in the Cities and Townes where they haue greate lodges in the publike streetes vnder those Arches and at the gate a table set wherein they haue written all the merchaundise they haue That which cōmonly they sel is cloth of gold peeces of silke of diuers sortes and very curious whereof are many crimsons Damaskes and Taffetas of so high a price that the Portingals dare not giue for them that which they are worth although it be a merchandese that most of all others they buy to carry to Malaca and to other partes and realmes of that Sea coast and to the India and too Portingal Theyr merchauntes of lower degree ▪ do sel f●…e course ●…erge of all collours and peeces of lynen cloth and cotton wool wherof the poore people doo apparell thēselues They which haue simple medycines haue theyr signe set at theyr doores Within the land is great store of Ru●…arhe but it is brought to Canton sudden not rawe They sel the Porcelanas which is the fiue dishes made of whyte clay at the gates of the Citie there are of diuers sortes those which are most fine are not commonly sold nor they are not brought in to these partes for the gouerners and presidents and Lordes are serued with them they are redd green gilded some
for they are very iealowse Whē they go forth of their houses they are caried in chayres with courtines compassed about with seruants and familier friends that do carie them and that do accompanie them in suche sorte that none are seene by the streetes but people of low and base degree The men doo buy the women whē they marry them and pay for them to their fathers much or littel money according to theyr degrees And although that it be lawful for thē to haue as many as they can maintain yet they dwel with one alone which is the chiefest in reputatiō and the rest they lodge in diuers houses And if they be men of trade and merchaunts that are traders they do place them in such Townes where their busines trade lieth They doo not suffer within the Cities that any common women should inhabite but in the suburbes where is appointed vntoo them publike streetes for their habitation All these for the moste parte are slaues bought from the powre of their moothers when they were children for bycause it is permitted by law vntoo widowes that doe remayne poore when they haue not where withal to sustein them to sel their children for their reliefe being oppressed with necessities they go to riche merchaunts and offer their daughters that they may buy them The which merchauntes moued with couetousnes do teache these yong maides too play of the Uirginalles and Gittorns and other such instrumentes and after growing to ripe yeeres they put them intoo the streetes too reise a gaine of their whoredomes There is an accompt taken by an Officer of the Kinges which is appointed for this cause vntoo whome the maister of these maides doth pay so much by the yeere after the manner of tribute and they to their masters euery Moneth asmuch as they doo agree vppon and those which doo play of the Instrumentes and sing well bee more esteemed of greater pryce When they are olde they make them looke young again with ointments oyles waters and with collours and when they are olde and of no more profit they remaine free without any longer bondage vnto their maisters or any else mainteyning themselues of that which they haue gotten in their youth with their naughty trade And the boyes do serue al kind of seruice in theyr houses vntil they be of yeeres to marry thē their maisters are bound to seeke then wiues and to prouide them houses and to giue them trade or order how they may get their liuing and these seruauntes must geue their maisters euery yeere so much in knowledge of their bondage but the children of these slaues remaine free They doo celebrate all their holy dayes in the night and principally at the tyme of the newe Mones as people that walke in darkenes with great shewes and many inuentions and with much Musike And specially they doo solemnise the first day of the yeere which is amongst them at the tyme of the newe Moone of Marche and therfore they trim and decke vp their houses and doores with many carpets and clothes of silke and of diuers kinds of roses and flowres planting in all the streets trees most high with their bowes cut off wherevppon they hang many lights and also of the triumphant Arches which in these dayes they decke with bowes paint them and hang them with clothes of Damaske other diuers silkes The Priests do assist in these holy daies being richely appareled and doo offer sacrifises too theyr Idolles singing according too theyr fashion and they are al ioyful with the musike they sing very vnlyke one another in theyr voices and diuers kind of instruments lyke too Gittorns Uiolls and Uioles of the bowe Claricordes Fluites And although they be not of the selfsame making as oures are here yet they are much like to thē and are very curious their voices do agree with the Instrumentes maruellously they make a maruellous accorde in the sounde They haue many shewes or playes very pleasant of great entertainement for such as do vnderstande them they do them very naturally with great preparation and very lyke to the matter which they do present them for And al the tyme that these festiual dayes doo continewe they haue their tables set ful of meate of diuers sortes as well of fleshe as of fishe and of al kinde of fruites and of most riche wynes of maruellous raste and they and their Priests doo nothing else but eate drinke at discretion vntill they can not stande and in that point neither the Fleminges nor Almans do passe them In the principal dayes or feasts that euery one doth keepe as in the day of his byrth they doo conuite their kinsfolkes and friendes and bidde one another and they send delicates and thinges too helpe them make their feastes There are greate expences in these bankets and those which make thē for their pastymes they spende frankely theyr goodes in them they are serued with maruellous policie and with straunge order and if there be one hūdreth guestes euery one eateth alone or by twoo and twoo vppon littel tables moste gallant so gilded and painted with wildefowle deare and al other sortes of byrdes that they couer no table with clothes but onely compasseth the table with a border or a frontall of Damaske in euery one that reacheth to the grounde in the endes sides Rounde about the tables they put many little baskets very curious decked with flowres with diuers different fruites and in the middest the meate very orderly and prepared as wel of fleshe as fishe brothes of diuers sorts serued in rich dishes made of fine whyte clay called Porcelanas or of siluer They eate very cleanely for they touche not their meate with their handes but with smal stickes gilded that they holde betweene theyr fingers and with forkes of siluer they drinke many tymes but little in quantitie they drinke it out of little cuppes made of the whyte fine earth that the Porcelanas are made of too the end that they wold drinke very littel at a tyme Women do helpe to serue in the meate and drinke and too wayte at theyr tables and when the tabels are serued the saide women do the office of iesters too make them merry and ioyful They haue musitions in all these bankets and players vpon diuers Instrumentes dauncers and representers of comedies wherewith they bee recreated as people without care and without light of the glorie of heauen not directing too any other ende but too the contentment and felicitie of this world whereof they enioy the ful The Lordes and the people of estimation are serued with much more Maiestie and curiositie for they giue to thē at euery tyme they chaunge their meate cleane napkins knyues forkes and spoones They vse great courtesies and good behauiour one with thother in their quaffing and drinking making much one of an other And they are so ielowse that they suffer not their wyues to eate with them in these