into Gallia it wold turn to the preiudice of the people of Rome for he thought that such sauage and barbarous meÌ„ as they were woulde not so brydle them selues but that when they had subdued al Gallia they would after the example of the Cimbrians anâ— Duchmen passe into the Prouince â–ª and so take theyr waye into Italy specially seinge there was nothyng betwene the Secusianes our Prouince but the ryuer of Rhone The whych thyngs he thought meete to be preuented wyth all speede Nowe was Ariouistus growen to suche a haultines and such a pryde that he semed intollerable Wherfore he demed it best to send Ambassadors vnto hym to demaunde of him that he should chose some place mydway betwixt them where they might meete to haue communication For he sent hym word that he had to talke with him concerning the common welth other weighty matters touchyng them both Ariouistus aunswered to thys ambassade that if he hymselfe had had any thing to do with Cesar he wold haue come vnto hym that if Cesar had any thyng to doe wyth hym he should come vnto hym Besydes that neyther durst he come into those parts of Gallia that Cesar â—yd possesse wythout an army neyâ—her could he assemble an army into â—ne place wythout greate prouision and charges Moreouer he marueyled what eyther Cesar or the people of Rome had to do to meddle in hys part of Gallia whych he had conquered by the sword Upon the report of thys aunswere vnto Cesar he sent Ambassadors to hym agayne wyth these instructions For asmuch as being benefited so greatly by hym and the people of Rome as that in the tyme of hys Consulshyp the senate had proclaymed hym king and theyr friend he requited him and the people of Rome wyth thys gentylnes that beinge requested he disdayned to come to communication presuming that it was not for him to talk or be made priuie to matters of the common weale these were the things that he demaunded of hym Fyrste that he should not conuey any number of men hereafter ouer the Rhine into Gallia secondly that he should render such hostages as he had of the Heduanes and that he shoulde permit the Sequanes to render such as they had with his fauor And thirdly that he shuld not offer any wrong to the Heduanes nor make any war agaynst theym or theyr adherentes If he so dyd both be the people of Rome wolde continew hys friendes wel wyllers for euer Otherwyse for asmuch as the Senate in the time that Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso were consuls had decreed that whosoeuer had Gallia committed to hym for hys charge shoulde defende the Heduanes and other fryendes of the people of Rome so far foorth as he might do it to the furtherance of the common weale he would not wink at the iniuries of the Heduanes Ariouistus replyed herevnto that it was the lawe of armes that such as were Conquerours shuld in such sort as they thought good reign ouer them that were subdued whiche might be perceiued by the people of Rome them selues who were accustomed to reigne ouer such as they had conquered not at thappointmeÌ„t of others but as they listed themselues Now lyke as he tooke not vppon hym to prescrybe vnto the Romanes howe they shoulde demeane themselues in their right euen so no more ought the people of Rome to trouble hym in hys ryght The Heduanes forasmuch as they had tried the fortune of battel and were ouer come by hym in a pitched field were become tributaries vnto him Wherfore he thought that Cesar dyd hym great wrong to dimynish hys reuenewes by hys comming As for the Hostages of the Heduanes he sayde playnly he wold not delyuer theym Neyther wolde he on thother syde make any warre vpon them or their complyces to do them harme so they kept touch with him in those things that they had couenaunted and paid their tribute from yeare to yeare If they dyd otherwyse the Romaines theyr brothers as they termed theÌ„ should be to farre of to rescow them And whereas Cesar sent hym word he wolde not wynke at the iniuries of the Heduanes he said ageine that neuer man yet encountred with him but to hys owne vndoyng and therfore come when he wold he shoulde be welcome He wold make hym vnderstande what force and puissance was in the vyctoryous Germanes men altogether nouzeled in feates of armes who in .xiiii. yeares together had neuer putte theyr heades vnder house roofe The same time that thys countermessage was brought vnto Cesar came also Ambassadors to hym from the Heduanes and Treuires The Heduanes complayninge that the Harudes whyche were latelye brought ouer into Gallia did forray theyr countrye and that they coulde not purchase peace at Ariouistus hand no not vpoÌ„ sufficient pledges The Treuires that an huÌ„dred town shyps of the Sweuians were come to the further side of the Rhyne and went about to passe the Riuer of whom the Captaines were Nasua Cimberius brothers With the which newes Cesar beynge sore moued thought it stode him in hand to spede hys matters betymes lest if the new power of the Sweuians shuld ioyne wyth the host that Ariouistus hadde before he should haue more a doe to resyst them And therfore furnishing himself of victell with as much hast as he could he made toward Ariouistus by longe iourneyes When he was three dayes iourney onward of hys way woorde was brought hym that Ariouistus wyth all the power he coulde make was goyng to take Besancon whyche is the greateste towne belonging to the Sequanes and that he was now marched three dayes iourney from hys owne borders Cesar thought it stode hym vppon to beware that that happened not For of all things mete for war there was in that towne great scarcity and the situacion therof was so stroÌ„g that whosoeuer had it might prolong the war at hys pleasure by reason that the Ryuer Alduasdubis enuironed in maner the whole towne like a paire of coÌ„passes That roume that the ryuer enclosed not whych was the space of not aboue six hundred foote was fortified wyth a hyll of a great heyghth so that the foote of it on both sydes touched the very brym of the ryuer Thys hyll was compassed wyth a wall in maner of a towre and ioyned to the Towne Hither came Cesar iorneying night and daye wyth as muche speede as might be and taking the towne placed a garryson in it Whyle he rested a fewe dayes at Besaucon to furnyshe hym self of grayne and victuall through the enquirye of oure men and the talke of the Galles and of the Merchauntmen which reported the Germanes to be men of huge stature and bygnes of incredible force and courage and of great practyse and experience in feates of armes whereof they had oftentymes had tryall by encounteryng wyth them and that they were not able to abyde the grymnesse of their countenaunces and the fiercenesse of their lookes sodeinlye there
he continued on his iorney still hys espyals brought him worde that we were wythin fowrâ— and tweÌ„ty miles of Ariouistus host When Ariouistus knew that Cesar was comming towards him he sent Ambassadors to hym declaring that whereas heretofore he had demaunded to come to communication he was contented so to do seing he was come somewhat nerer and that he trusted he might now do it wythout dauÌ„ger Cesar refused not the profer For thinkyng he wold now come to amendment consideryng he offered of his own voluntary wil the thing he hadde before denied when it was requested he was in great hope that for the great benifites whych he and the people of Rome had bestowed vpon hym he wold vpon knowledge of hys demaundes desyst from hys stoubernnes And therfore the .v. day after was appoynted for communication In the meane whyle as Ambassadours were sent to and fro betwene them Ariouistus demaunded that Cesar should bring no foteman with hym to communication for he sayd he was afrayd to be surprised of hym by treason wherfore both parties to come wyth theyr horsemen otherwyse he wolde not come there Cesar bicause he neyther was willing that the communication should be broken for any bymatter nor yet durst put the French horsmeÌ„ in trust with his lyfe thought it most for his behofe to take all the Frenchmens horses from them to set vpon them the Legionary souldiâ—rs of the tenth Legion which he trusted most vnto that if he stode at any nede he might haue a faythfull band of hys friends about hym to gard hym The which thing when he had done one of the souldiers of the tenth Legion beyng somwhat merely disposed said that Cesar did more than he had promysed For wheras he had promised but to accept the tenth Legion in plare of the pretorian Cohort he had promoted them to be men of armes There was a great playne and in the same a baÌ„ke of earth of a good pretye bignesse This place was almost midway betwene both the campes and thyther they came to communication as is aforesayd The legion that Cesar had brought thither on horseback he placed about a two hundred paces from the sayd banke And likewyse the horsemen of Ariouistus stood a lyke distance of Ariouistus requested that they myght commune on horsebacke and bryng eche of them ten persons with them to the parly At sucâ—e time as they were come thither Cesar in the beginning of his oration rehersed the good turnes that Ariouistus had receyued by hym and by the people of Rome as that the Senate had vouchsaued to geue hym the name and title of king and to accompt hym as their frende and also had sent moste honorable and ryche presents vnto hym the whych thyngs he told hym had happened vnto fewe others and were not wont to be bestowed vpon any but such as the Romanes thought had highly deserued theym for some great good turn that they had done But he when as he had neyther accesse vnto theym nor anye iust cause why he should desire any such thing at theyr handes had atteyned those rewardes only of the mere curtesye and liberalitye of hym and the Senate Moreouer he did him to vnderstand how auncient and howe iuste causes of aliance and frendship there were betwene theym and the Heduanes what decrees had bene made for them by the Senate how oftentymes and how honorable How the Heduanes had euer held the Souereintie of al Gallia euen before such tyme as they desired our frendshyp It was the custome of the people of Rome that theyr friends and alyes should not only not lose any thynge of their own by them but also be encreased in fauor dignity and honor Now to haue that thyng wrung froÌ„ theÌ„ by force whych they had brought wyth theym when they fyrst entred in frendshyppe wyth the Romanes who coulde suffer it Afterwarde he made the lyke demaunde as he had done by hys Ambassadours that he should not make warre agaynst the Heduanes or theyr Alyes that he shuld surrender theyr hostages that if he could not send home agayne anye part of the Germanes at leastwhyse yet he shoulde suffer no mo to passe the Rhyne Ariouistus aunswered littel to the demaunds of Cesar but vaunted much of his owne prowesse He sayd he had passed the Rhyne not of hys own head but at the request and intreatance of the Galles themselues at whose pleasure he hadde lefte his owne countrye and kinred not with out great hope promise of reward for hys labor And nowe he had setled himselfe in Gallia by their consent they had geuen him hostages of their owne freewyll and he tooke such tribute of theim as conquerors are wont to sesâ—e theyr subiectes at by the lawe of Armes He had not made war agaynst the Frenchmen but the Frenchmen agaynste him For all the Cities of Gallia were assembled to besege him and had encamped themselues against hym all the whych power he had in one battell ouerthrowne and vanquyshed If they wold trye the matter by the sword againe he was ready to cope wyth them But yf they had rather haue peace they did wrong to wythholde their tribute whyche they had paied vnto that time with their good wils As for the frendship of the people of Rome be thought it ought to be an ornament and stay vnto hym and not an hinderance and that he had requested it in hope to haue fouÌ„d it so But yf the people of Rome shuld seke to release hys tribute and to pull awaye hys vassals that had submitted theÌ„ selues to hym he was euen as wyllyng to forsake theyr frendshyp as euer he was to request it Whereas he broughte ouer great numbers of Germanes into France he did it for to strengthen hymselfe and not to anoy the country Wherof there nedeth none other wytnes than thys that he came not but at theyr owne request and that he had made no war vpon other but only defended hymselfe He was come into Fraunce before the people of Rome who vntill that time neuer led their host out of the borders of their owne Prouince And what shoulde they meane to come wythin hys iurisdiction For as well was thys part of Fraunce hys prouince as the other part was ours And therefore as he were not to bee borne wythall yf he shulde haue inuaded our marches so dydde we hym wrong to intermedle within his iurisdiction And wheras Cesar had saide that the Heduanes were proclaymed friends by the Senate he made hym aunswer he was not so barbarous nor so vnskylfull of things but he knew wel inough that neither the Heduanes ayded the Romanes in theyr late war against the people of Sauoy and Daulphine nor the Romanes them in their quarels that they had wyth hym and the Sequanes Wherefore he had good cause to mystruste that Cesar vnder the color of feyned frendshyppe kept that army whych he had in Fraunce for none other pourpose but to oppresse
comming could be borne to the men of Auverne Uercingetorix hauinge knowledge herof conueyed his army again vnto Bourges and proceding from thence determined to assaulte Gergobine a town of the People of Burbone Boyans whom Cesar hauing vanquished them in the battell against the Heluetians had placed there and put in subiection to the Heduanes Thys matter put Cesar greatlye to hys shiftes what aduise he shoulde take For yf he shoulde during the rest of the wynter kepe his Legions together in one place it was to be feared least the hyred souldiers of the Heduanes being discomfited al Gallia should reuolt forasmuch as it might seme to hys frendes â–ª that there was no hope of help and comfort in him agayne if he should go ouer sone out of garrisoÌ„ it was to be doubted least he shoulde want vâ—ctuall for laâ—ke of cariage Neuertheles he thought it better to endure al the distresses that might be then by receiuing so great a foyle to withdraw the good wyls of al hys friendes from hym Wherfore exhortinge the Heduanes to bring victuals after him he sent messengers before to the Boyans to certifye them of hys comming and to encourage theym to continue faythfull and to sustain the brunt of their enemyes valiantly He left two Legions and all the stuffe of his armye at Sens. Agendicum and wyth the rest went toward the Boyans The next day after wheÌ„ he came to Uellaunodunum a towne of the Senones to th entent he wold not leaue any back frend behind him and that he might the more spedelye haue hys victuals conueyed to hym he determined to assault it and therevpon he entrenched it about wythin the space of two days the third day when commissioners were sent out of the Towne to entreat wyth him for the geuing of it vp he commaunded them to bring all theyr armor in to one place to bring forth theyr beastes of cariage and to deliuer him six hundred hostages and for the accoÌ„plishing hereof he left behynd hym his Lieuetenant C. Trebonius He himselfe to make the more spede in his voyage tooke hys waye to Genabum amonge the Caruntes who before that time hearyng nothing of the siege of Uallaunodunum for as much as they beleued that the matter wold haue asked a longer time to bring it to passe began to leuie a power to send to Orleance Genabum for the defence of the towne Cesar in two dayes came hither and pitching his tentes before the town bycause that day was to farre spent delayed thassault till the next morninge wyllinge hys souldiers in the meane whyle to put all thyngs in a redynes for the purpose And for bicause the towne of Genabum had a bridge ouer the riuer of Loyre Cesar fearyng least they shoulde steale out of the towne in the night time commaunded two Legions to watch in harnesse The townesmen somwhat before midnight stealinge secretly out began to passe the Riuer The which when Cesar was informed of by hys scoultes by and by burninge downe the gates he sent in the Legions whych he appointed before in a redinesse and wan the town few or none of his ennemies escapinge his handes but that they were all taken prysoners bicause the Bridge and the wayes were so narrowe that they could not readely passe awaye He beat down the town and set it on fyer gaue the spoyle of it to his souldiers passed hys armye ouer Loyre came into the marches of Berrey When Uercingetorix vnderstode of Cesars approche he raysed hys siege and went to mete him He was purposed to haue besieged Noyowne in Berrey NouiodunuÌ„ a towne in the Countrye of Berrey standinge in hys waye Out of the whych towne when as ambassadors came vnto him to entreat for mercye and pardon of their liues to thinteÌ„t to dispatche the rest of hys affaires with like spede as he had done many alredy he commauÌ„ded them to bring together theyr armor reÌ„der vp their horses to geue him pledges Part of the hostages being alredy deliuered while thother things were in executing few of our Centurions and souldiers beinge let in to fetche out tharmor and horses the horsemen of our enemies whyche were the foreriders of Uercingetorixes host came wythin view Whom assone as the Townesmen had espied hopinge of rescow and succor they gaue a great shout and taking them to theyr weapons began to shet the gates and to place theÌ„selues vpon the batlements of the wals The Centurions within the towne vnderstanding by the signification of the Galles theÌ„selues that they went about some treason drew theyr swordes and recouering the gates conueyed all theyr men away in sauftye Cesar commaunded his horsmen to be led out of his caÌ„p and encountred wyth them on horsbacke Now when he sawe hys men like to go by the worse he sent to their rescow the noÌ„ber of a CCCC Germane horsmen whyche from the beginning he had oppoynted to bee alwayes about himselfe The Galles not able to susteyne their force were put to flyght and wyth the losse of many retired to theyr maine battel The which also being put to flyght the townesmen striken agayne with great feare appreheÌ„ded such as they thought were the stirrers of the people to this trecherye and bringinge them vnto Cesar submitted themselues vnto hym When Cesar had dispatched theis matters he went to Newcastel or Uiarron Auaricum one of the greatest and strongest Townes in all the Country of Berrey situate in a most plentifull and ryche soyle bicause that if he might come by that Towne he was in good hope to bring the City of Bourges it self in subiection Uerringetorix hauing receyued so many displeasures at UellaunodunuÌ„ Genabum and Nouiodunum called his men to counsell He tolde them that they must take a cleane coÌ„trary way in their warres to that whiche they had hitherto done Thys one thyng was to be endeuored by all meanes that the Romanes might be kept froÌ„ forrage and victuales The whyche thyng was easy to bring to passe in asmuch as they had a greater power of horsemen then they and that the time of the yere shuld further them There was no forrage abrode for them to cut downe but of necessitye they must disperse theÌ„selues to fetch it out of houses in doynge whereof they might daily be licked vp by hys horsmen Moreouer for the common wealthes sake priuate commodities ought to be neglected villages and buildings ought to be set on fyer in all the coast from Boia round about euery waye as far as the Romanes might seme to haue anye accesse for forrage On the contrary part of all theis thinges they themselues shuld haue abuÌ„dance bicause they shuld be founde wyth the goodes of them in whose couÌ„try they shuld make war Wheras the Romanes eyther shuld not be able to endure the scarcety or els in straying far from their camp shoulde euer run in daunger of comming shorte home And it made no matter whether they slewe them out of
wonderfull louingly and honorably For that was the firste time that he came froÌ„ the general warres in Gallia Nothing was omitted that could be deuised for the decking and garnisshing of the gates wayes places where Cesar shuld passe Al the commons came forth wyth their children to mete him by the way sacrifices were euery where offred the temples and market places were hanged with clothes of Tapisrie Arras that a man wold haue thought by their gladnes there had bene some greate triumphe loked for and laid for before So great costlines was among the richer sort and so earnest desier was amonge the meaner sort When Cesar had lightly passed through all the Countryes of Gallia Now called Lumbardye Togata he returned wyth all spede to hys armye at Nemetocerna calling al his Legions out of their wintering places into the country of the Treuires he went thither and there tooke musters of them T. Labienus he made gouernor of Gallia Togata to th eÌ„tent therby to get him the more fauor and estimation toward his sute for the Consulship He himself made so many iorneyes as he thought sufficient for chaunge of the places for healthsomnesse There albeit he hard ofteÌ„times that Labienus was moued by his enemies and was also aduertised how it was done by thaduise of a fewe to th entent that by the commaundement of the Senate he might be spoiled of part of his army yet not withstanding he neyther gaue credit to any thing that was reported of Labienus no nor would be moued to do any thing contrary to the authoritye of the Senate For he beleued that if the Senatours might geue their verdits freely he should easly obtein hys purpose For C. Curio Protector of the commonalty who had taken vpoÌ„ him to defend Cesars cause and dignity had oftentimes profered that yf the feare of Cesars power hindred any maÌ„ and seing that the Lordlynes power of Pompey did put the Court in no smal feare let both of them lay downe theyr weapons and dysmysse their armies and so shuld the City be at liberty to vse her own right as she listed And he not onely profered thys thing but began of hymself to wythdraw hys power whyche thynge the Consuls the frendes of Pompey coÌ„maunded shuld not be done and so ruling the matter as they listed they departed Thys was a great wytnes of the whole Senate agreable to the former act For Marcellus the nexte yere after wheÌ„ he impugned Cesars estimation coÌ„trary to the law of Pompey and Crassus had put vp a bill to the Senate for the charge of Cesar before the time of his coÌ„mission was expired when the sentences were pronouÌ„ced Marcellus who sought al his estimatioÌ„ by working spight against Cesar departed aside â–ª and the Senate fel al of theÌ„ by by to other matters Wherby the courages of Cesars ennemies were no whitte appalled but rather styrred vp to make mo frends therby to compel the Senate to alow that which thei had determined Hervpon was made a decree that Cneus Pompeius shuld send one LegioÌ„ and Cesar another to the warre agaynst the Parthians But it was easy to be sene that both theis LegioÌ„s were taken from Cesar. For the first Legion which Cneus Pompeius had sent vnto Cesar leuied in the musters of the Prouince he gaue vnto Cesar as one of hys own number Neuertheles albeit that no man neede to doubt that Cesar was spoyled at the pleasure of his enemies yet he sent Pompey hys Legion again and in his owne name he willed the .xv. Legion whyche he had in the hyther Gallia to be delyuered to him by the decree of the Senate In stead therof he sent the .xiii. Legion into Italy to lye in garrison in the same place from wheÌ„ce the .xv. was set TheÌ„ he distributed his army into garrisons C. Trebonius wyth iiii legioÌ„s he placed in Belgicke C. Fabius with as many he coÌ„ueieth to the Heduanes For so he thought Gallia shuld be in most saufty if the Belgies who were of most prowesse the Heduans who were of most authoritye had armies among them to kepe theÌ„ in obedience This done he tooke hys way into Italye When he came thither he vnderstode by Caius Marcellus the Consul that the two Legions which he had dismissed which by the decree of the Senate should haue ben led to the ParthiaÌ„ war were deliuered to Pompey kept stil in Italy Although by thys dealing it was euideÌ„t to al the world what was purposed against Cesar yet Cesar determined to suffer al things as long as he had any hope left to decide his controuersies rather by the lawe than by the sworde FINIS ¶ Imprinted at London by VVilliam Seres AN EXPOSITION OF the old names of the Countries Cities Townes Hilles and Riuers mencioned in this booke together with a description of certaine Engines of warre vsed in those dayes by the Romanes ADVATICKES PEOple of Belgicke betwene Louan and Aldenburg in Braband nowe called people of Bosleduke Agendicum a Towne of the Senons in Celticke called Sens or Prouince Alduasdubis or after Ptolome Alduasdusius a Riuer of Celticke rising about the mount S. Claud and deuidinge Burgundye from Swicerland whiche falleth into the ryuer Soan not far from the Citie Cabillon it is now called in Latin Dubius and in FreÌ„ch Doux Alexia a Towne of Celticke in Burgundye not far from Langres nowe called Alseâ— or Lausoys or Alyse as RaymuÌ„d Marlian affirmeth in his Annotacions vppon Cesars Commentaries But according to thopinion of Ioseph Molet in his Commentaries vpon Ptolomies Geographie it is a town of Artoys in Belgicke called Arras Allobrogians people of Prouince conteyning the Countries of Sauoy and Delphinoys Alpes the high hilles which deuide Fraunce and Italy a sunder Ambarrrians people of Celticke supposed of some to be the people of Burbon of some the people of Niuers Iucundus calleth theÌ„ the people of Semar and Montar Amagetobria a place in Celticke where Ariouistus kinge of the Germanes vanquished the power of the Galles not far from the Rhine supposed to be called Toaâ—t Ambians a people of Picardy about the citye Amiens it is in Belgicke Ambibarets people also adioyning to the citie Amiens Ambibarians a people of littell Britaine in Celticke Ambiliares the people of Auranches in littell Britaine Ambiuarits the people of Braband in Belgick Andians the people of Aniow in Celticke Antuates the people of Uawd in Sauoy Aquileia a towne of Italy at the Gulf of Uenice vpon the riuer Natisone Armoricke the country of littell Britaine Ardeine a forest in Belgicke beginning at the Rhine and so runninge by the space of more than fiue hundred miles throughe the territory of Triers to the enâ—raÌ„ce of the boundes of Rhemes Arar a riuer of Celticke nowe called Soan which springeth in the borders of Burgundy and Loreyn not far from the mountayne Uosegus and falleth into Rhone at Lions Arâ—comikes or Aremikes or Artomikes