Selected quad for the lemma: friend_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
friend_n	ambassador_n	great_a	king_n	826	5	3.7001	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00400	A discourse of the nauigation which the Portugales doe make to the realmes and prouinces of the east partes of the worlde and of the knowledge that growes by them of the great thinges, which are in the dominions of China. Written by Barnardine of Escalanta, of the realme of Galisia priest. Translated out of Spanish into English, by Iohn Frampton.; Discurso de la navegacion que los portugueses hazen à los reinos y provincias del Oriente. English	Escalante, Bernardino de, 16th cent.; Frampton, John, fl. 1577-1596.	1579 (1579)	STC 10529; ESTC S101702	64,782	94

as serue in his house are gelded men by reason of the number of wiues they haue and so are the most part of his chiefe Counsaile bycause that with more assurance they may go in to him consult with him in the businesse of the gouernment of his Realme and estate of his warres and no others doe speake with him but those His Realme is so large and long that for to goe by iourneys from the Citie of Canton to his Court is foure or fiue monethes iourney and yet there are other Cities further Hee hath knowledge euerie Moneth and relation of all thinges that doe happen in euerie Prouince aswell touching the state warres and rentes as of al other successes with ordinarie postes that the Gouernours do dispatch to him for this effect The same order of the poste is as we haue among vs Barros doth write that they runne with collers of Belles and others that haue beene in that Countrey say they vse to blowe with a horne to aske horses and to giue knowledge to Barkes to passe Riuers The Embassadours of Princes beeing his friendes or enemies are receiued with greate veneration they lodge them and prouide them of all things needful with great liberalitie and when they come where the king is al the Lords and knights of the Court go forth to receiue them they giue them great gifts and presents and honor them with the title of Lawiers Some kings being farre of from him as the king of Aua Siam Melitij Bacham Chabam Varagu which fell to the north partes of Pegu and do acknowledge him obedience in remembrance that in olde time they were his subiectes they send him ordinarily their Embassadors with some present for the great iourney they haue to this kings Court they alwayes send with the embassage foure or fiue persons euerie one with like authoritie that if it happe some of them to die in the way or vntill they be dispatched from thence and if they die not of anie disease they alwayes poyson one or two of thē in some banket vnto whom they make verie sumptuous Sepulchres with Epitaphs conteining what they were and the cause of their comming and by what prince they were sent and this is for to continue the memorie and greatnesse of the renowne of his Realme The Embassadors of the rest of the Princes are so priueleged in such sort that those of his counsaile hauing condemned too death one Bartholomew Perez and all the rest of his companie that was sent to this coūtrie by the gouernour of the India as Embassadour of the king Don Emanuel of Portingal surmising that their embassage was false and that they were spies by reason of a certaine relation giuen against them by the embassadors of the king of Malaca and the king himself vnderstanding of the matter did commaund that their Embassage being false or true it was sufficient that there should be no hurt done to their persones seeing they were entred within the realme with the title of Embassadors Other there are that come for some common weales which are Lordes that do owe obedience to him they make no enterteynment to such but vse them with a strange kind of Ceremonie When they say to them that they shall go to see the king they appoint them the day and houre and they cause them to goe on foote or on horsebacke with bridles of strawe for humilitie And in comming too a great place that is before the kings house they stay vntill there come vnto them an Officer of the kings who doth the office of the maister of Ceremonies and doe commaunde them to passe forwarde And at a certaine place they kneele downe hold vp both theyr hands togither as though they prayed to God they beholde one quarter part of the houses of the kings palace where they tel them that the king is at times in equall space they make other fiue times their prayers and without turning their shoulders they returne backewarde with the like Ceremonies and this being done they send them away This say they is to go to see the king If they giue them licence to say what they will they remaine in the last prayers on their knees vntill there come to them an other officer which is the Secretarie that writeth downe all that they aske and with saying to them that they will consult of it with the Lord of the world they are sent away for that time vntill they bee dispatched with the determination and opinion of his chiefe Counsaile The XIII Chapter sheweth of the Presidentes and Officers which are in euery Prouince and the order which they haue in the Gouernment of them THE King doth prouide Officers for the Gouernment of euery Prouince besides ordinarie Iudges which are in some prouince more thē three thousande as also fiue Presidents and euery one of them hath his iurisdiction by himself of diuers causes the chief of them is called the Tutan which is a Uiceroy or gouerner of al the Prouince vntoo whome they come generally with the knowledge of al great griefes and smal offences And al the penalties thereof the ordinary charges being taken away he sendeth to the court and with the relation of al the newes that doeth happen euery moneth His aurtoritie and maiestie is so great that he is not resident where the rest of the Lawyers are bicause hee wil not be visited and frequented of them The second in dignitie is the Ponchasi which is asmuch too say as the chiefe gatherer of the kings rents and President of the Counsel of the kings reuenues This office executeth he without the coū sel of any Lawyers There are many other officers that doo serue to recouer the kings rentes with the which they come to the Tutan as afore saide and it is at his charge too commaunde too pay al mens wages ordinary and extraordinary charges to take accompt of them as head Gouerner of al inferiour Officers The thirde in dignitie is the Anchasi which is the President of the ciuil and criminal Iustice who doth see and determine withal his hearers and Officers all wightes and buzines which goe in degree of appellation to his tribunal frō the rest of the ordinary Iudges of that Prouince all other thinges which are conuenient for the good gouernmēt expedition of iustice The fourth is the Aytao who is the purueiour general and President of the Counsell of warres too whome doth aperteine the liuing of men and prouiding of shippes vittailes and munitions for the ships of warre that goe to the Sea and for armes by lande and for ordinary garisons of the cities and frontier Townes and to know what straungers do come and from whence they come and what they wil. The fifth is the Luytisi which is the Captaine general that doth put in execution that which is ordeined by the Aytao and those of his councel And whē there is giuen occasion of any warres of

they had departed from that vnknowen Countrey where they were before And the Barbarous people of that Prouince did not maruayle too see the Portugales as they of the other Coūtrey did but rather whē they sawe them kneele on their knees in the time of seruice they kneled downe after the same maner making the sayde shewe of prayers At the which sight the sayde Pedraluarez and all the rest of his people marueiled muche and were very glad to see them offer themselues to receyue their doctrin of saluation if they had had any to instruct them because he coulde not remaine there nor let to follow his iourney he dispatched foorth with the Captaine Gasper de Glemos that with his small shyp hee might returne backe too Portugale to geue newes to the king Don Emanuel of the discouerie of that Countrey which he had named Sancta Crus whiche nowe is called the Brasill by the name of the Woode that is brought from thence And when he had taken in fresh water and sawe the weather fayre hee determined to departe from thence towardes the Cape of Buena Esperanca and there hapned to him in the Goulfe so great stormes of wether that in his sight the Sea did swallowe vp foure of his ships with out the escaping of any of the people of the same and with the rest hee ran many dayes without bearyng any sayle vntil the sixtienth day of Iuly he found him selfe onely with sixe of his shippes a great way beyonde the Cape in the Coast of Zofala so beaten with weather and spoyled of theyr Masses yards Sayles and Tackles that they were more likely to returne then to passe foorth vppon their voyage But the General beyng a man of so great courage did set little by all these inconueniences so they came to Mosambike where they did repayre them selues of the hurtes whiche they had receiued in the tormentes of wether as also they were better receiued of the king then Don Vasco de Gama was They continued frō thence their voiage touching in Quiloa where they fel out with the king who was a Moore and that greeued to see any Christians in that coast But the king of Melindes who was their friend receiued them with great contentment confirmyng anew the friendship and the trade that Don Vasco had agreed vpon with him and from thence they ran at whart ouer the gulfe vntill they came to Calicut And although they were well receiued of the king yet things did happe in such sort that Pedraluarez fell out with him and in the ende there were staine certaine Portugales whiche were a land and for to reuenge their deathes he set fire on al the shippes that he found in the Port shot at the Citie and killed many of the people threw down many houses and buildinges ▪ so made sayle towardes Cochin which was xxx leages distant from that place lower in y course towards the South where he was well receiued of the king who offered to him all the Spicerie which he had neede of for to lade his shippes Also the king of Cana nor sent him the like worde because these Princes were enimies to the king of Calicut who was a greater Lorde than they were and they did acknowledge vnto hym superioritie And because they thought that the trade with the Portugales woulde bee profitable for them Pedraluarez did lade his shippes of as muche as they coulde carry wherewith he returned into Portugale by the same way that hee came which is different of that as is nowe vsed For that they do returne among an infinite number of Ilands of Maldiuia and those of the seuen brethren running to the South southwest Southwest and to the West Southwest hauing sight of many other Ilandes which are in those Seas And so they come along towardes the Cape of Buena Esperanca leauing the Ilande of Saint Laurence North of the side of the land And when Pedraluarez came to Portugale the king had sente the Captaine Iohn de Noua a Gallego borne with foure shippes vnto the same trade of the Spicerie And from that time forwarde they continued more and more in the saide Nauigation hauing alwayes shipyes of warre in those Indian Seas against the Moores of the streight of Mecha and the rest of the Ports of Arabia and against the king of Calicut who came and made warre with him of Cochin for the frendship and trade hee had with the Portugales and the Captaine Edward Pacheco shewed himselfe very valiant in his defence who was left therewith certaine souldiers for that purpose Alonso Alburquerque the most valiant knight and of most wisedome of as many of the gouernours as haue gone out of Portugale to that countrey For he being captaine general of the shippes of warre of that Sea did conquer the Citie of Ormos and many other places as well of those which are in the Coaste of Arabia as of Persia and made the king Zofadin too pay tribute who at that time was Lorde of that Realme and he burned and destroyed Calicut and gate of the Moores the Citie of Goa which is now the most principal place that the kinges of Portugale haue in the India whiche standeth more towarde the North then Calicut in the same Coast in fifteene degrees of height ▪ and Malaca standeth in that famous point in two degrees and a halfe of the Northside the whiche Prolome and the rest of the ancient Geographers did intitle Aurea Chersonesus in respect of the Ilande Samatra which is neere too him and one chanel doth deuide them vnderstanding that they were ioyned in one yeuen as the Morea is with the firm lande The longest part of this Ilande lyeth Northweast and Southeast and the Equinoctiall Line standeth ouer the middest of it And there remayneth behinde towardes the Weast neere to the Cape Camorie in the same Coaste the Ilande called Zeilan and by Prolome named Taprobana in distaunce of foure hundred leages from the one to the other according to the opinion of Portugale sailers and not by situation Geographicall by reason that the course lyeth East and West Betwene the which there is a great bay which is called the gulfe of Bengala which is the realme that Ganges doth run through al alōg the coast frō the cape Canori foure hundred ten leages towards the Northeast vnto the mouth of him and from them it returneth running towardes the South vnto the poynt of Malaca where Alonso de Alburquerque had knowledge of the Malucas and of the rest of the Ilandes and Realmes of that Sea and particularly of the great Realme of China which standeth in the same Coaste beginning his limits fiue hundred leages more forwarde towardes the West and there remaining in the middest of this precinct the Realmes of Siam Cambaia Champa and Guachinchina ¶ The sixth Chapter sheweth of the discription of the lande of China and the notable Prouinces and Realmes that are in it conteyned THis great kingdome whiche the

thither the first time as to see that they vsed Artillarie Whereof they came to vnderstande that they had artillarie among them many yeares before it was vsed in Europe ▪ And it appeareth to be so bicause that in the Realme of Pegu whether they came in olde time and where in their conquestes and in their fortifications amongst other things they left their Artillarie where there is founde at this day Belles and Gunnes of mettall which they made They vse also of all kinde of armour and the most principall Gentlemen of the Countrie do carie foure swords with them and fight with two of them togither with great running They enter into the warres compassed about with many seruantes and familiar friendes which are footmen well armed and very gallant for it is so permitted to all souldiers and men of warre And by reason this king is so mightie and rich they which serue are paied at their time without any delay with great liberalitie And all such as shew themselues valiant are highly esteemed and rewarded with great gifts The Tartarres and other enemies which they take prisoners in their warres they vse them with no other captiuitie then to place them to serue for men of warre in other frontiers of theirs which do border ouer against other Princes and they are payed as hee doth pay the rest of his subiects and these weare certaine red hattes and the rest of theyr apparell euen after the fashion of the sayd people of China ▪ The faced hattes all people do weare which are iudged for an●…e offence to serue in any towne that doth border ouer against any other Prince as those which go to Oran or Melilla and so they say in theyr iudgements that they banish them to weare red hattes This Prince is serued with some Souldiers which are by nature of the high mountains of Russia which are a free people and liue after the maner of warriours like to the Esquizaros which are mightie men and with red haire great beards and they weare cut hose like to the Tudesos and broade swords they are called Alimenes whom some doe thinke that they are Almaines but if it were so there woulde haue beene knowledge of this great Realme long before Likewise hee is serued of other tall men of twelue or thirteene pawmes of height and they doe assist them in the defence of the townes that stand in greatest daunger of whom we can not vnderstande of what region they are and they make so great account of their owne wisdome after the maner of the Greekes that they say that they are those which haue two eyes and the people of Europe but one ▪ and that all the rest of other Nations are starke blinde The xv Chapter sheweth of the religion lawes and ceremonies which they haue and vse IT is greatly to consider that the Chinaes being so wise in their gouernement of theyr common weales of so subtile a wit for all artes that they are so false of vnderstanding and so barbarous and blinde in the worshipping of their false vaine idolatrie For they haue no manner of knowledge of the true God more than they imagine that al things which are created doth depende from aboue from whence doe come the conseruation and gouernment of them all without knowing particularly who is the author attributing it to the heauen it selfe which they holde for the greatest of their Gods and so they signifie it with the first figure of their ABC They worship the Moone the Sunne and Starres and all other Images which they make without respect and some figures or shapes of Lawyers and of the priestes of their Idolles which they were most affectioned to in some principal seruice they had done And likewise they worship any maner of stones that they sette vpon theyr Aultars where they doe make their Sacrifices and also the Diuell which they paint after the same shape and manner as we doe among vs The common sort of people doe say that they worship him for bycause the good people hee maketh Diuels and the euill people he conuerteth into Kine and other kind of beastes The men of most knowledge and that be most pollitique they say they worship him regarde him bycause he should do thē no hurt They haue in al cities and places of habitation and also in the fieldes a great number of sumptuous Temples and of goodly buildings which are of great Maiestie There are two sortes of Priestes and they are contrarie the one to the other in maners the one sort goeth all shauen and appareled in white and with certaine high cappes made of felt somewhat piked before These sort liue in common togither and haue their chambers and lodgings after the maner of our Friers The others doe weare their haire long and deuided in the higest parte of their head with a strike verie curiously varnished with blacke after the fashion of a haud closed togither They apparell themselues with silke or blacke Serge as all the rest of them do vse they dwell euery one of them by themselues they assist in the seruice of the Temples and in the festiuall dayes and burying The one and the other are not maried but they are euill liuers and therefore they are not esteemed among the people and they are punished with stripes amongst the Iudges for a small occasion These people do offer in the Mornings and Euenings in their Temples Incense Beniamin the wood of the Eagle and other things of different and sweet smels And the place of praier which they vse in their house is generally at the entrie in of their gates where their Idolles stande When they lanche their shippes into the Sea at the first making the Priestes goe aparelled with long garments being verie rich of silke to make their Sacrifices in the poopes of them where the place of praier is and they offer painted figures and they cut and burne them before their Idolles with certaine ceremonies that they make sing songes with an vnorderly tune soūding certaine little belles And they worship the Diuel where they haue him painted in the fore part of the Shippe bicause as they say he should doe no hurt to the Shippes In all this discourse they are eating and drinking at discretion When they pretende to go vpon any iourney eyther by Sea or lande or begin anie buzinesse that seeme difficult or hard they vse lottes and cast them before their Idolles These are made of two stickes after the fashion of two halfe nuts rounde at the one side and the other side plaine And before they be cast they returne to theyr Idols with fayre wordes beseeching them to giue good chaunce and fortune for by them they thinke doeth come good successe or euill to them And if it happe as they desire then they will make too them great offeringes and with this they are cast and if they fall with the plaine side vpwarde or the one side rounde and the