SESTOS and of BIZANTIVM the confederates to honor him withall gaue him the preheminence to deuide the spoyle amongest them Whereuppon he made the diuision and set out the bodies of the barbarous peole all naked by them selues and layed the spoyles and their apparell by them selues The confederates founde this distribution very vnequall but neuerthelesse Cimon gaue them the choyce to choose which of the two would and that the ATHENIANS should be contented with that which they left So there was a SAMIAN Captaine called Herophytus that gaue the confederats counsel rather to take the spoiles of the PERSIANS then the PERSIANS them selues and so they did for they tooke the spoile of the prisoners goodes and apparell and left the men vnto the ATHENIANS Whereupon Cimon was thought at that time of the common souldiers to be but an ill deuider of spoyle bicause that the confederats caried away great store of chaines karkanets and braselets of gold goodly rich purple apparell after the PERSIAN facion and the ATHENIANS brought away naked bodies of men very tender and vnacquainted with paine and labor But shortly after the parentes and frendes of these prisoners came out of PHRYGIA and LYDIA and redeemed euery man of them at a great raunsome so that Cimon gathered such a masse of readie money together by their raunsome as he defrayed the whole charges of all his gallies with the same for the space of foure monethes after and left a great summe of money besides in the sparing treasure of ATHENS Cimon by this meanes being nowe become riche bestowed the goodes which he had thus honorably gotten from the barbarous people more honorably againe in relieuing his poore decayed citizens For he brake vp all his hedges and inclosures and layed them plaine and open that trauellers passing by and his owne poore citizens might take as much frute thereof as they would without any maner daunger And furthermore kept a continuall table in his house not furnished with many dishes but with meate sufficient for many persons and where his poore contrie men were dayly refreshed that would come vnto that ordinary so as they needed not otherwise care to labor for their liuing but might be the readier haue the more leasure to serue the common wealth Yet Aristotle the Philosopher wryteth that it was not for all the ATHENIANS indifferently that he kept this ordinarie table but for his poore townes men onely in the village of LACIA where he was borne Furthermore he had alwayes certaine young men waiting on him of his household seruauntes well appartelled if he met by chaunce as he went vp and downe the citie any olde citizen poorely arrayed he made one of these younge men strip him selfe and chaunge apparell with the olde man and that was very well thought of and they all honored him for it Moreouer these young men caried euer good store of money about them and when they met with any honest poore citizen in the market place or else where knowinge his pouertie they secretly gaue him money in his hande and sayd neuer a worde Which the Poet selfe Cratinus seemeth to speake of in a comedie of his intituled the Archiloches I am Metrobius the secretarie he VVhich did my selfe assure in age vvell cherished to be At vvealthie Cimons borde vvhere vvant vvas neuer found VVhose distributions and his almes did to the poore abound There thought I for to passe myne aged yeares avvay VVith that right noble godly man vvhich vvas the Greecians stay Furthermore Gorgias Leontine sayd that Cimon got goodes to vse them and that he vsed them to be honored by them And Critias that was one of the thirty tyrannes of ATHENS he wisheth and desireth of the goddes in his elegies The goddes of Scopas heyres the great magnificence And noble hart of Cimon he vvho spared none expence The glorious victories and high triumphant shovves Of good Agesilaus king good goddes oh graunt me those The name of Lichas SPARTAN hath bene famous amongest the GREECIANS and yet we know no other cause why sauing that he vsed to feast straungers that came to LACEDAEMON on their festiuall day to see the sportes and exercises of the young men daunsing naked in the city But the magnificence of Cimon did farre exceede the auncient liberality curtesie and hospitalitie of the ATHENIANS for they of all other were the first men that taught the GREECIANS through out all GREECE how they should sow corne and gather it to maintaine them selues withall and also shewed them the vse of welles and howe they should light and keepe fire But Cimon makinge an hospitall of his owne house where all his poore citizens were sad and relieued and permittinge straungers that trauelled by his groundes to gather such frutes there as the time and season of the yeare yelded he brought againe as it were into the world the goodes to be in common amongest them as the Poets say they were in the old time of Saturnes raigne And now where some accused this honest liberality of Cimon obiecting that it was but to flatter the common people withall and to winne their good willes by that meanes the maner of life he led accompanying his liberality did vtterly confute and ouerthrow their opinions that way of him For Cimon euer tooke parte with the nobilitie and liued after the LACEDAEMONIANS manner as it well appeared in that he was alwayes against Themistocles who without all compasse of reason encreased the authority and power of the people and for this cause he ioyned with Aristides and was against Ephialtes who would for the peoples sake haue put downe and abolished Ariopagus courte And where all other gouernors in his time were extorcioners and bribetakers Aristides and Ephialtes only excepted he to the contrarie led an vncorrupt life in administracion of iustice euer had cleane hands whatsoeuer he spake or did for the state and common wealth and would therefore neuer take money of any man liuing And for proofe hereof we finde it wrytten that a noble man of PERSIA called Resaces being a traitor to his master the king of PERSIA fled on a time vnto ATHENS where being continually bayted and wearied with the common accusations of these tale bearers picke thanks that accused him to the people he repayred at the length vnto Cimon brought him home to his owne dore two bowles th one full of darickes of gold and the other of darickes of siluer which be peeces of money so called bicause that the name of Darius was written vpon them Cimon seeing this offer fell a laughing and asked him whether of the two he would rather choose to haue him his frende or his hierling The barbarous noble man aunswered him that he had rather haue him his frend Then sayd Cimon to him againe away with thy golde and siluer and get thee hence for if I be thy frend that gold and siluer shall
was burnt by the MEDES and at ROME also in the time of the warres that the ROMAINES had against king Mithridates and in the time of the ciuill warres when altar fire and all were burnt and consumed together they saye that it must not be lighted againe with other common fire but must be made a newe with drawing cleane and pure flame from the beames of the sunne and that they doe in this manner They haue a hollowe vessell made of a pece of a triangle hauing a corner right and two sides a like so that from all partes of his compasse and circumference it falleth into one pointe Then they set this vessell right against the beames of the sunne so that the bright sunne beames come to assemble and gather together in the center of this vessell where they doe pearce the ayer so strongely that they set it a fire when they put to it any drye matter of substaunce the fire taketh it straight bicause the beame of the sunne by meanes of the reuerberation putteth that drye matter into fire and forceth it to flame Some thincke that these Vestall virgines keepe no other thing but this fire which neuer goeth out Other saye there are other holy thinges also which no bodie maye lawfully see but they whereof we haue written more largely in the life of Camillus at the least so much as maye be learned and tolde The first maydens which were vowed and put into this order of religion by Numa were as they saye Gegania and Verenia and after them Canuleia and Tarpeia Afterwardes king Seruius increased the number with two other and that number of foure continueth vntill this daye Their rule and order set downe by king Numa was this that they should vowe chastitie for the space of thirtie yeres In the first tenne yeres they learne what they haue to doe the next tenne yeres following they doe that which they haue learned the last tenne yeres they teache young nouices After they haue passed their thirtie yeres they maye lawfully marie if they be disposed and take them to another manner of life and leaue their religion But as it is reported there haue bene very fewe of them which haue taken this libertie and fewer also which haue ioyed after they were professed but rather haue repented them selues and liued euer after a very grieuous and sorowfull life This did so fraye the other Vestalls that they were better contented with their vowed chastitie and so remained virgines vntill they were olde or els died He gaue them also great priuiledges and prerogatives As to make their will and testament in their fathers life time To doe all things without any gardian or ouerseer as women which haue three children at a birth When they goe abroade they carie maces before them to honour them And if by chaunce they meete any offendour in their waye going to execution they saue his life howbeit the professed Vestall must affirme by othe that she met him vnwares not of set purpose If any man presume vnder their chayer whereupō they are caried through the cittie he shall die for it Also what they them selues doe any faulte they are corrected by the great byshoppe who somtimes doth whippe them naked according to the nature and qualitie of their offence in a darcke place vnder a curtē But she that hath deflowred her virginity is buried quicke by one of the gates of the cittie which they call Collina gate where within the cittie there is a mount of earth of a good length with the LATINES is sayed to be raised Vnder this forced mount they make a litle hollowe vawte and leaue a hole open whereby one maye goe downe and with in it there is set a litle bed a burning lampe and some vitells to susteine life withall As a litle bread a litle water a litle milke and a litle oyle and that for honours sake to the ende they would not be thought to famishe a bodie to deathe which had bene consecrated by the most holy and deuoute ceremonies of the worlde This done they take the offender and put her into a litter which they couer strongely and close it vp with thicke leather in suche sorte that no bodie canne so much as heare her voyce so they carie her thus shut vp through the market place Euery one draweth backe when they see this litter a farre of and doe geue it place to passe by then follow it mourningly with heauy lookes speake neuer a word They doe nothing in the citie more fearefull to behold then this neither is there any daye wherein the people are more sorowful then on such a daye Then after she is come to the place of this vawte the sergeants straight vnlose these fast bounde couerings and the chiefe byshoppe after he hath made certen secret prayers vnto the godds and lift his handes vp to heauen taketh out of the litter the condemned Vestall muffled vp close and so putteth her vpon the ladder which conueyeth her downe into the vawte That done he withdraweth and all the priestes with him and when the seely offendour is gone downe they straight plucke vp the ladder cast aboundaunce of earthe in at the open hole so that they fill it vp to the very toppe of the arche And this is the punishment of the Vestalls which defile their virginitie They thincke also it was Numa that buylt the round temple of the goddesse Vesta in which is kept the euerlasting fire meaning to represent not the forme of the earth which they saye is Vesta but the figure of the whole world in the middest whereof according to the Pythagorians opinion remaineth the proper seate and abiding place of fire which they call Vesta and name it the vnitie For they are of opinion neither that the earth is vnmoueable not yet that it is set in the middest of the world neither that the heauen goeth about it but saye to the contrarie that the earth hanged in the ayer about the fire as about the center there of Neither will they graunte that the earth is one of the first and chiefest partes of the world as Plato helde opinion in that age that the earthe was in another place then in the very middest and that the center of the world as the most honorablest place did apperteine to some other of more worthy substaunce than the earthe Furthermore the byshoppes office was to show those that needed to be taught all the rites manners and customes of buriall whom Numa taught not to beleeue that there was any corruption or dishonesty in burialles but rather it was to worshippe honour the godds of the earthe with vsuall and honorable ceremonies as those which after their death receyue the chiefest seruice of vs that they canne But aboue all other in burialles they did specially honour the goddesse called Libitina that is sayed the chiefe gouernour and preseruer of the rites
ouercame king Tigranes the ARMENIANS And that Attalus Pompey also dyed both on the selfe same daye they were borne To conclude infinite examples of men might be brought vnto whom after like reuolutions of time there happened notable chaunces of good or ill But to returne againe vnto our historie The daye of this ouerthrowe is one of those which the ROMAINES take for one of the vnfortunatest dayes that euer came vnto them And by reason of that day they reckon two other dayes of euery moneth very vnfortunate engendred through feare superstition which spreadeth farre as commonly it doth vpon such sinister misfortunes But for this matter we haue written it more largely exquisitly in the booke we made of the ceremonies customes of the ROMAINES Now after this battell lost if the GAVLES had hottely pursued the chase of their flying enemies nothing could haue saued ROME from being taken the inhabitāts therof from being put vnto the sword For the ROMAINES that fled from the battell brought such a feare vpon those that receyued them and filled the whole cittie of ROME with such greif trēbling that they wist not what to doe The barbarous people againe beleeuing litle their victorie was so great as it was fell to make good cheere for so great a ioye receiued deuided among them the spoyle of their enemies goods they found in the campe So gaue they time leysure by this meanes to the multitude of people that fled out of ROME to seeke them some place of safety to such as remained still they left good hope to saue them selues to make someprouision for defence Thereupon they all fortified them selues within moūt Capitoll storing it with all kind of vitaill armor munition they wholy dyd forsake the rest of the cittie But the first worke they tooke in hande was this They dyd bring into their sayed forte parte of their sacred relickes the professed Vestalls brought thither also their holy fire all other their holy monumēts Some writers saye that they had nothing els in keeping but the sempiternall fyer were so consecrated by king Numa who dyd first institute that the fyer should be worshipped as the beginning of all things For that it is the most motiue quickest substance that is of all naturall things notwithstanding that generation also is a mouing or at the least not done without motion For we see that all other substance which lacketh heate remaineth idle without action sturreth not no more then doth a dead thing which craueth the force and heate of fyre as the soule it selfe recouering heate beginneth somewhat to moue and disposeth it selfe to doe and suffer some thing Wherefore Numa being as they saye a man of great learning and vnderstanding who for his wisedome was reported to talke many times with the Muses dyd consecrate the same as a most sacred thing and commaunded that they neuer should suffer that fyre to goe out and but keepe it as they would preserue the liuely image of the eternall God the only King maker of the worlde Other saye that the fyer burned continually there before the holy sacred things signifying a kinde and manner of purification which opinion the GRECIANS holde also howbeit behinde the same fyer there were certen hidden things which in no case any might see but those holy Vestall Nūnes Many also holde an opinion that the Palladium of TROYE as much to say as Pallas image is hidden also there which was brought by AEneas into ITALIE Other doe reporte also that Dardanus at that time when he first beganne to buylde the cittie of TROYE brought thither the holy images of the goddes of SAMOTHRACIA and he dyd offer them vp there and howe AEneas after the cittie was taken dyd steale them awaye and kept them vntill he came to dwell in ITALIE Some other also that take vpon them to knowe more therein then the common sorte doe holde opinion that there are two pipes not very great whereof the one is emptie and standeth open the other is full fast locked vp howbeit they are not to be seene but by these holy Nunnes Other thincke also that these imaginers inuented that they spake of their owne heads bicause the Vestall Nunnes dyd cast all that they could put in at that time into two pipes which they buried after in the grounde within the temple of Quirinus and herefore that very place carieth the surname at this daye of pipes Howbeit they caried about them the most precious things they had fled alongest the riuer Where one Lucius Albinus one of the common people flying also hauing brought away his wife litle children and other household stuffe he had in a carte by chaunce he lighted vpon the Vestall Nunnes in the waye But so sone as he perceyued these holy Nunnes carying the blessed relickes and iuells in their armes dedicated vnto the seruice of the goddes all alone that they were wearie with going a foote he caused his wife and his children to come out of the carte tooke downe all his goodes also willed them to get them vp and flye into some cittie or towne of GRECE Thus me thought I could not well passe ouer with silence Albinus reuerence deuotion he shewed vnto the goddes in so daungerous a time pinche of extremitie Furthermore the priests of other goddes the most honorablest olde men of the cittie of ROME that had bene Cōsuls before time or had past the honour of triumphe had not the harte to forsake ROME but putting on all their most holy robes vestments dyd vowe and as it were willingly sacrificed them selues vnto the fortune that should befall them for the safety of their countrie And vsing certain words prayers which their high bishoppe Fabius had taught them they went euen thus apparelled into the great market place dyd sit them downe there in chayers of iuory expecting the good will pleasure of the godds what should become of them But with in three dayes after Brennus came to ROME with his army who finding the gates of the cittie all open the walles without watche he dowted some deuise in it feared some priuie ambush had bene layed as one hardly beleeuing to haue found the ROMAINES of so base a mind as to forsake their cittie After being enformed of the troth he entred into ROME by the gate Collina tooke the same litle more thē three hūdred three score yeres after it was first builded if it be true at the least there hath remained any certen chronicles of those times vnto this present daye considering the trouble confusion of that time hath made many things more vncerteine then that dowtefull vnto vs But so it was that the rumor ranne to GRECE incontinently howe ROME was taken but yet withall somwhat doubtefully vncertainely For Heraclides Ponticus who was about that time sayeth in
a certen booke he wrote of the soule that there was newes come from the West parte that an armie which came from the HYPERBORIANS had taken a cittie of GRECE called ROME situated in that country neere the great sea But I wonder not that Heraclides who hath written so many other fables lyes dyd amplifie the true newes of the taking of ROME with adding to of his owne deuise of the HYPERBORIANS by the great sea It is a most true tale that Aristotle the philosopher had certain knowledge it was taken by the GAVLES howbeit he sayeth also it was recouered againe afterwards by one called Lucius where in deede it was by Marcus Camillus not by Lucius But all this in manner is spoken by cōiecture Moreouer Brennus being entred ROME dyd appointe parte of his souldiers to besiege those which were gotten into moūt Capitoll And he with the residue of his armie marched on towards the market place where when he saw the aunciēt Senatours set so grauely in their chayers spake neuer a word nor offered once to rise though they saw their enemies come armed towards them neither chaunged coūtenance nor culler at all but leaned softely on their staues they had in their hands seeming to be nothing affrayed nor abashed but looked one vpon another he maruelously wondred at it This their so straunge manner at the first dyd so dampe the GAVLES that for a space they stoode still and were in doubt to come neere to touche them fearing least they had bene some goddes vntill suche time as one of them went boldely vnto Marcus Papyrius layed his hand fayer softely vpon his lōg bearde But Papyrius gaue him such a rappe on his pate with his staffe that he made the bloud ronne about his eares This barbarous beaste was in such a rage with the blowe that he drue out his sworde and slewe him The other souldiers also killed all the rest afterwardes and so the GAVLES continued many dayes spoyling and sacking all thinges they founde in the houses and in the ende dyd set them all a fyer and destroyed them euery one for despite of those that kept the forte of the Capitoll that would not yeld vpon their summons but valliantly repulsed them when they scaled the walles For this cause they rased the whole cittie and put all to the sworde that came in their handes young and olde man woman and childe Nowe this siege continuing long and the ROMAINES holding them out very stowtely vittells beganne to growe scante in the campe of the GAVLES in so much as they were driuen of force to seeke it abroade without the cittie Hereupon they deuided them selues whereof some remained still with the King at the siege of the Capitoll and the rest went a forraging and spoyling all the champion countrie and villages thereaboutes scattered as it were by bandes companies some here some there fearing nothing nor passing vpon watch or warde they liued in suche securitie of their victorie Howbeit the greatest company amongest them went by fortune towardes the cittie of ARDEA where Camillus dwelt liuing like a priuate man medling with no matters of state from the time of his exile vntill that present time But then he beganne not to bethinke him self as a man that was in safety and might haue escaped the handes of his enemies but rather sought to deuise and finde out all the meanes he could to subdewe them if occasion were so offered Whereupon considering that the inhabitants of ARDEA where enough in number to set vpon them although saynte harted and cowardly by reason of the slouth and negligence of their gouernours and captaines who had no manner of experience in the warres he beganne to cast out these words among the young men That they should not thinke the ROMAINES misfortune fell vpon them through the valliantnes of the GAVLES nor that their calamitie who had refused good counsaill had happened vnto them by any worke or acte of the GAVLES hauing done nothing for their parte to make them carie awaye the victorie but that they should thinke it was no other thing but fortune alone that would needes shewe her power Therefore that it were nowe a notable and honorable enterprise although somewhat daungerous to driue these straungers and barbarous people out of their countrie considering that the only ende of their victorie was but to destroye and consume as fire all that fell into their hands Wherefore if they would but only take a good lusty harte and corage vnto them he would with opportunitie and place assure them the victorie without any daunger The young men were pleased with these words of life comforte Whereupon Camillus went to breake the matter also vnto the magistrates counsellours and hauing drawen them by persuasion vnto this enterprise he armed all that were of age to carie armor would not suffer a man to goe out of the cittie for feare least the enemies which were not farre of should haue intelligēce of the same Now after the GAVLES had rōne ouer all the chāpion countrie were loden with all sorts of spoyles they did encāpe them selues negligētly in open fields neuer charged watch nor warde but hauing their full cariage of wine layed them down to slepe made no noyse at all in their cāpe Camillus being aduertised therof by his seuerall skowtes caused the ARDEANS with as litle noyse as might be forthwith to goe out into the fields hauing marched somwhat roūdly the distance betwene the cittie the cāpe of the GAVLES they came thither much about midnight Then he made his soldiers make great showtes cries the trūpets to besoūded on euery side to put a feare in their enemies who yet with all the lowde noyse they made could hardly be made to wake they were so deadly drōke Yet there were some notwithstāding that for feare to be takē tardy dyd bustle vp at this sodaine noyse coming to them selues fell to their weapons to resist Camillus which were slayne by and by The rest the greatest number of them laye here there scattered in the middest of the field without any weapon dead a sleepe starcke droncke with wine were put to the sworde neuer strake stroke Those that fled out of the campe that night which were but fewe in number were ouerthrowen also the next daye by the horse men which followed killed them as they tooke them straggling here there in the fieldes The brute of this victorie was blowen abroade incontinently through all the townes and villages thereabouts which caused many young men to come ioyne them selues to Camillus but specially the ROMAINES desired the same that had saued thē selues in the cittie of VEIES after the battell lost at ALLIA who made their mones amongest them selues there saying O goddes what a captaine hath fortune taken from the cittie of ROME What honour hath the cittie of ARDEA by
in the face and only to see their marche it was so terrible and fearefull But Perseus after he had incoraged his men in this sorte and had put them in suche a hope and iollitie when this barbarous supply came to aske him a thousand crownes in hande for euery captaine he was so damped troubled withall in his minde casting vp the summe it came to that his only couetousnes and miserie made him returne them backe and refuse their seruice not as one that ment to fight with the ROMAINES but rather to spare his treasure and to be a husband for them as if he should haue geuen vp a straight accompt vnto them of his charges in this warre against whom he made it And notwithstanding also his enemies dyd teache him what he had to doe considering that besides all other their warlike furniture munition they had no lesse then a hundred thousand fighting men lying in campe together ready to execute the Consuls commaundement Yet he taking vpon him to resist so puissant an armie and to mainteine the warres which forced his enemies to be at extreme charge in enterteining such multitudes of men and more then needed hardly would depart with his gold and siluer but kept it safe locked vp in his treasurie as if had bene affrayed to touche it and had bene none of his And he dyd not shewe that he came of the noble race of these kings of LYDIA and of PHOENICIA who gloried to be riche but shewed howe by inheritaunce of bloude he chalenged some parte of the vertue of Philip and of Alexander who both bicause they esteemed to buye victorie with money not money with victorie dyd many notable things and thereby conquered the world Hereof came the common saying in olde time that it was not Philip but his gold and siluer that wanne the citties of GRAECE And Alexander when he went to conquer the INDES seeing the MACEDONIANS carie with them all the wealth of PERSIA which made his campe very heauie and slowe to marche he him selfe first of all set fire of his owne cariage that conueyed all his necessaries and persuaded other to doe the like that they might marche more lightly and easelier goe to the iorney But Perseus contrarilie would not spend any parte of his goodes to saue him selfe his children and Realme but rather yelded to be led prisoner in triumphe with a great ransome to shewe the ROMAINES howe good a husband he had bene for them For he dyd not only send away the GAVLES without geuing them paye as he had promised but moreouer hauing persuaded Gentius king of ILLYRIA to take his parte in these warres for the summe of three hūdred talents which he had promised to furnish him with he caused the money to be told and put vp in bagges by those whom Gentius sent to receiue it Whereupon Gentius thinking him selfe sure of the money promised committed a fond and fowle parte for he stayed the ambassadours the ROMAINES sent vnto him and committed them to prisone This parte being come to Perseus eares he thought now he needed not hier him with money to be an enemie to the ROMAINES cōsidering he had waded so farre as that he had already done was as a manifest signe of his ill will towards them and that it was to late to looke backe and repent him now that his fowle parte had plunged him into certen warres for an vncerten hope So dyd he abuse the vnfortunate King and defrauded him of the three hundred talents he had promised him And worse then this shortely after he suffered Lucius Anicius the ROMAINE Praetor whom they sent against him with an armie to plucke king Gentius his wife and children out of the Realme and Kingdome and to carie them prisoners with him Now when AEmylius was arriued in MACEDON to make warre against such an enemie he made no manner of reckoning of his persone but of the great preparation and power he had For in one campe he had foure thousand horsemen and no lesse then forty thousand footemen with the which armie he had planted him selfe alongest the sea side by the foote of the mount Olympus in a place vnpossible to be approched and there he had so well fortified all the straites and passages vnto him with fortifications of woode that he thought him selfe to lye safe out of all daunger and imagined to dalie with AEmylius and by tract of time to eate him out with charge AEmylius in the meane season laye not idle but occupied his wittes throughly and left no meanes vnattempted to put some thing in proose And perceyuing that his souldiers by ouermuche licentious libertie wherein by sufferaunce they liued before were angrie with delaying and lying still and that they dyd busilie occupie them selues in the generalles office saying this and suche a thing would be done that is not done he tooke them vp roundely and commaunded them they should medle no more to curiously in matters that perteined not to them and that they should take care for nothing els but to see their armour weapon ready to serue valliantly to vse their swordes after the ROMAINES facion when their generall should appoint and commaund them Wherefore to make them more carefull to looke to them selues he commaunded those that watched should haue no speares nor pykes bicause they should be more wakefull hauing no long weapon to resist the enemie if they were assaulted The greatest trouble his army had was lacke of freshe water bicause the water that ranne to the sea was very litle and maruelous fowle by the sea side But AEmylius considering they were at the foote of the mount Olympus which is of a maruelous height and full of wodde withall coniectured seeing the trees so freshe and grene that there should be some litle pretie springes among them which ranne vnder the grounde So he made them digge many holes and welles alongest the mountaine which were straight filled with fayer water being pent within ground before for lacke of breaking open the heades which then ranne downe in streames and met together in sundrie places And yet some doe denie that there is any meeting of waters within the grounde from whence the springes doe come For they saye that ronning out of the earth as they doe it is not for that that the water breaketh out by any violence or openeth in any place as meeting together in one place of long time but that it ingendreth and riseth at the same time and place where it ronneth out turning the substaunce into water which is a moist vapour thickneth and waxeth cold by the coldnes of the earth and so becommeth a streame and ronneth downe Euen so saye they as womens brestes are not allwayes full of milke as milke pannes are that continually keepe milke but doe of them selues conuert the nutriment women take into milke and after commeth forth at their nipples the very like are
desirous to bring his men safe home againe who most of loue had followed him beganne to marche away through narrow bushy places him selfe being in the rereward and turned oftentimes vpon his enemies skirmished with them onely to driue them away from followinge of the rest of his company and not a man that durst once set apon him for they did but cry outaloofe and wheele as it were about him Howebeit Philopoemen sundry times venturinge farre from his company to geue these young noble men leasure to saue them selues one after an other tooke no heede to him selfe that he was alone enuironned on euery side with a great number of ennemies Notwithstandinge of all his enemies there was not a man that durst come to hande strokes with him but still slinging and shooting at him a farre of they draue him in the end amongest stony places betwene hewen rockes where he had much a doe to guide his horse although he had spurred him that he was all of a gore blood And as for his age that did not lette him but he might haue saued him selfe for he was strong and lusty by the continuall exercise he tooke but by cursed happe his body being weake with sickenes and weary with the long iorney he had made that day he founde him selfe very heauy and ill disposed that his horse stumbling with him threwe him to the grounde His fall was very great and brused all his head that he lay for dead in the place a great while and neuer sturred nor spake so that his enemies thinkinge he had bene dead came to turne his body to strippe him But when they saw him lift vp his head and open his eyes then many of them fell all at once apon him and tooke him and bounde both his hands behinde him and did all the villany and mischiefe they could vnto him and such as one would litle haue thought Dinocrates would haue vsed in that sorte or that he could haue had such an ill thought towardes him So they that taried behinde in the city of MESSINA were maruelous glad when they heard these newes and ranne all to the gates of the city to see him brought in When they saw him thus shamefully bounde and pinnioned against the dignity of so many honors as he had receiued and of so many triumphes and victories as he had passed the most parte of them wept for pitie to consider the mishappe and ill fortune of mans nature where there is so litle certainety as in maner it is nothing Then beganne there some curteous speeche to runne in the mouthes of the people by litle and litle that they should remember the great good he had done vnto them in times past and the liberty he had restored them vnto when he expulsed the tyran Nabis out of MESSINA But there were other againe howbeit very few that to please Dinocrates sayed they should hang him on a gibbet and put him to death as a daungerous enemy and that would neuer forgiue man that had once offended him and the rather bicause he would be more terrible to Dinocrates then euer he was before if he escaped his hands receiuing such open shame by him Neuertheles in the end they caried him into a certen dungeon vnder the ground called the treasury which had neither light nor ayer at all into it nor dore nor half dore but a great stone rolled on the mouth of the dungeon and so they did let him downe the same and stopped the hole againe with the stone and watched it with armed men for to keepe him Now when these younge noble ACHAIAN horsemen had fled vppon the spurre a great way from the enemy they remembred them selues looked round about for Philopoemen finding him not in sight they supposed straight he had bene slaine Thereuppon they stayed a great while and called for him by name and perceiuing he aunswered not they beganne to say among them selues they were beastes and cowardes to flie in that sorte and how they were dishonored for euer so to haue forsaken their Captaine to saue themselues who had not spared his owne life to deliuer them from daunger Hereupon ryding on their way and enquiring still for him they were in the end aduertised how he was taken And then they went caried those newes through all the townes and cities of ACHAIA which were very sory for him and tooke it as a signe of great ill fortune toward them Wherupon they agreed to send Ambassadors forthwith to the MESSENIANS to demaunde him and in the meane time euery man should prepare to arme them selues to go thither and get him either by force or loue When the ACHAIANS had thus sent Dinocrates feared nothing so much as that delay of time might saue Philopoemenes life wherefore to preuent it as soone as night came and that the people were at rest he straight caused the stone to be rolled from the mouth of the dungeon and willed the hangman to be let downe to Philopoemen with a cuppe of poison to offer him who was commaunded also not to goe from him vntill he had dronke it When the hangman was come downe he found Philopoemen layed on the grounde apon a litle cloke hauinge no lift to sleepe he was so grieuously troubled in his minde Who when he sawe light and the man standing by him holding a cuppe in his hande with this poison he sate vpright vpon his cowch howbeit with great paine he was so weake and taking the cuppe in his hande asked the hangman if he heard any newes of the horsemen that came with him and specially of Lycortas The hangman made him answer that the most of them were saued Then he cast his handes a litle ouer his head and looking merely on him he sayd it is well seeing we are not all vnfortunate Therewith speaking no moe wordes nor makinge other a doe he droncke vp all the poison and layed him downe as before So nature straue not much withall his body being brought so lowe and thereupon the poison wrought his effect and rid him straight out of his paine The newes of his death ran presently through all ACHAIA which generally from high to low was lamented Whereupon all the ACHAIAN youth and counsellors of their cities and townes assembled them selues in the city of MEGALIPOLIS where they all agreed without delay to reuenge his death They made Lycortas their Generall vnder whose conduct they inuaded the MESSENIANS with force and violence puttinge all to the fire and sword so as the MESSENIANS were so feared with this mercilesse fury that they yelded them selues and wholly consented to receiue the ACHAIANS into their city But Dinocrates would not giue them leasure to execute him by iustice for he killed him selfe and so did all the rest make themselues away who gaue aduise that Philopoemen should be put to death But those that would haue had Philopoemen hanged on a gibbet Lycortas
was slaine at that time moe Captaines than in all the other warres of GREECE together all which were at the length brought to ende and determined by the good wisedome and conduction of one onely man And therefore some thought that this great ouerthrowe was geuen by the gods and sayd that at the departure of Lysanders fleete out of the hauen of LAMPSACVS to get set apon the fleete of the enemies they perceaued ouer Lysanders galley the two fires which they call the starres of Castor and Pollux the one on the toneside of the galley and the other on thother side They say also that the fall of the stone was a token that did signifie this great ouerthrow For about that time as many hold opinion there fell out of the ayer a maruelous great stone in the place they call the goates riuer which stone is seene yet vnto this day holden in great reuerence by the inhabitauntes of the citie of CHERRONESVS It is sayd also that Anaxagoras did prognosticate that one of the bodies tyed vnto the vaulte of the heauen should be pluckt away and should fall to the ground by a slyding shaking that should happen For he sayd that the starres were not in their proper place where they were first created considering that they were heauy bodies and of the nature of stone howebeit that they did shine by reflection of the fire elementory had bene drawen vp thither by force where they were kept by the great violēce of the circuler motion of the element euen as at the beginning of the world they had bene stayed let from falling downe beneath at that time when the separation was made of the colde and heauy bodies from the other substaunce of the vniuersal world There is an other opinion of certaine Philosophers where there is more likelyhoode then in that For they say that those which we call falling starres be no fluxions nor deriuacions of the fire elementorie which are put out in the ayer in a manner so soone as they be lighted nor also an inflammation or cōbustion of any parte of the ayer which by her to ouermuch quantity doth spread vpwardes but they are celestiall bodies which by some slackenes of strength or falling from the ordinary course of heauen are throwen and cast downe here beneath not alwayes in any parte of the earth inhabited but more ofter abroade in the great Occean sea which is the cause that we do not see them Notwithstanding Anaxagoras words are confirmed by Damachus who writeth in his booke of religion that the space of three score and fifteene yeares together before that this stone did fall they saw a great lumpe of fier continually in the ayer like a clowde inflamed the which taried not in any one place but went and came with diuerse broken remouings by the driuing whereof there came out lightnings of fire that sell in many places and gaue light in falling as the starres do that fall In the end when this great body of fire fell in that parte of the earth the inhabitants of the contrie after that they were a litle boldened from their feare and wonder came to the place to see what it was and they found no manner of shew or appearaunce of fire but only a very great stone lying vpon the ground but nothing in comparison of the least parte of that which the compasse of this bodie of fire did shew if we may so name it Sure herein Damachus wordes had neede of fauorable hearers But againe if they be true then he vtterly comuteth their argumentes that maintaine that it was a peece of a rocke which the force of a boysterous winde did teare from the toppe of a mountaine and caried in the ayer so long as this hurle winde continued but so soone as that was downe and calme againe the stone fell immediatly Neither doe we say that this lightning bodie which appeared so many dayes in the element was very fire in deede which comming to dissolue and to be put out did beget this violent storme and boysterous wind in the element that had the force to teare the stone in sunder to cast it downe Neuertheles this matter requireth better discourse in some other booke then this But now to our story Whē the three thowsand ATHENIANS that were taken prisoners at that ouerthrow were condemned by the counsell to be put to death Lysander calling Philocles one of the Captaines of the ATHENIANS asked him what paine he would iudge him worthy of that gaue the citizens so cruell wicked counsell Philocles being nothing abashed to see him selfe in that miserie aunswered him Accuse not them that haue no iudge to heare their cause but since the goddes haue geuen thee grace to be conqueror doe with vs as we would haue done with thee if we had ouercome thee When he had sayd so he went to washe him selfe and then put on a fayer cloke vpon him as if he should haue gone to some feast and went lustely the formest man to execution leading his contrie men the way as Theophrastus wryteth After this done Lysander with all his fleete went by all the cities of the sea coast where he commaūded so many ATHENIANS as he founde that they should get them to ATHENS letting them vnderstand that he would not pardone a man of them but put them all to death as many as he found out of their city And this he did of policie to bring them all within the precinct of the walles of ATHENS bicause he might so much the sooner famish them for lacke of vittells for otherwise they would haue troubled him sore if they had had wherewithall to haue maintayned a long siege But in all the cities as he passed by if they were gouerned by the authority of the people or if that there were any other kinde of gouernment he left in euery one of them a LACEDAEMONIAN Captaine or gouernor with a counsell of tenne officers of them that had bene before in league and amity with him the which he did as well in the cities that had euer bene confederates and frendes vnto the LACEDAEMONIANS as in them that not long before had bene their enemies So he went sayling all alongest the coastes fayer and softely making no haste stablishing in manner a generall principality ouer all GREECE For he did not make them officers that were the richest the noblest or honestest men but such as were his frendes out of those tribes which he had placed in euery citie to them he gaue authority to punish and reward such as they liked of and would be present him selfe in persone to helpe them to put those to death whome they would execute or otherwise expulse or banish their contrie But this gaue the GREECIANS small hope of good or gratious gouernment vnder the rule of the LACEDAEMONIANS Wherefore me thinkes that Theopompus the comicall Poet doted when he compared the
afire and fel downe vpon them that went and came This misery was the chiefest cause why all the SYRACVSANS agreed together to set open the gates vnto Dion For when Dion heard by the way that Dionysius souldiers were gone againe into the castell he made no great haste to marche forward but when day was broken there came certaine horsemen from SYRACVSA vnto Dion who brought him newes that the enemies had once againe taken the city Then also came other of his enemies vnto him and prayed him to make haste Now their miserie increasing still and they being brought into hard state Heraclides first sent his brother vnto Dion and then Theodotes his Vncle to pray him to come quickly and helpe them For now there was no man left to resist the enemies bicause he him selfe was hurt and the citie also was in manner cleane burnt destroyed When these newes came to Dion he was yet about three score furlong from the towne So he told his mercenary souldiers the daunger the towne was in hauing encoraged them he led them no more fayer softly but running towards the city meeting Messengers one of anothers neck as he went that prayed him to make all the possible spede he could By this meanes the souldiers marching with wōderful spede good will together he entred the gates of the city at a place called HECATOMPEDON First of all he sent the lightest armed he had against the enemies to th ende that the SYRACVSANS seeing them they might take a good hart again to them whilest he himself in the meane time did set al the other heauy armed souldiers and Citizens that came to ioyne with him in battell raye did cast them into diuers squadrons of greater length then breadth and appointed them that should haue the leading of them to thend that letting vpon the enemies in diuers places together they should put them in the greater feare terror When he had set all things in this order had made his prayers vnto the gods that they saw him marching through the citie against their enemies then there rose such a common noyse reioycing great showte of the souldiers mingled with vowes prayers and perswasions of all the SYRACVSANS that they called Dion their god sauior the mercenary souldiers their brethren fellow Citizens Furthermore there was not a SYRACVSAN that so much regarded his owne life person but he seemed to be more affraid of the losse of Dion only then of all the rest For they saw him the foremostman ronning through the daūger of the fire treading in bloud vpon dead bodies that lay slaine in the middest of the streets Now in deede to charge the enemies it was a maruelous daungerous enterprise for they were like mad beasts stoode beside in battell ray alongst the wal which they had ouerthrowen in a very daungerous place hard to win Howbeit the daunger of the fire did most of all trouble amaze the straungers did stoppe their way For on which side soeuer they turned them the houses round about them were all of a fire and they were driuen to marche ouer the burnt timber of the houses and to ronne in great daunger of the walls of the house sides that fell on them to passe through the thicke smoke mingled with dust beside to keepe their rancks with great difficultie And whē they came to assaile the enemies they could not come to fight hand to hand but a few of them in number bicause of the straightnes of the place howbeit the SYRACVSANS with force of cries showtes did so animat encorage their men that at length they draue Nypsius his men to forsake the place The most part of them got into the castell being very neare vnto them the other that could not get in in time fled straglingly vp and downe whom the GRAECIAN souldiers slue chasing of them The extremitie of the time did not presently suffer the Conquerors to reape the frute of their victory nether the ioyes imbracings meete for so great an exployte For the SYRACVSANS went euery man home to his owne house to quenche the fire the which could scarcely be put out all the night When daye brake there was none of these seditious flatterers of the people that durst tary in the citie but cōdemning them selues they fled to take their fortune Heraclides and Theodotes came together of their owne good wills to yeld them selues vnto Dion confessing that they had done him wronge and humbly praying him to shew him selfe better vnto them then they had shewed them selues vnto him that it was more honorable for him being euery way vnmatchable for his vertues to shew him selfe more noble to conquer his anger then his vnthankfull enemies had done who contending with him before in vertue did now confesse themselues to be farre inferior vnto him This was the summe effect of Heraclides Theodotes submission vnto Dion But his friends did perswade him not to pardon two such wicked men who did malice enuy his honor and as he would doe the straungers his souldiers any pleasure that he should put Heraclides into their hands to roote out of the common wealth of SYRACVSA his vile manner to flatter and curry fauor with the people the which was as daungerous and great a plague to a citie as the tyranny Dion pacifying them aunswered Other generals of armies said he do imploy al their wits in marshall exercise warres but for him selfe that he had of long time studied learned in the schole of the Academy to ouercome anger enuy all malice contencion The noble proofe whereof is most seene not in vsing honest men and his friends moderately but shewing mercy also vnto his enemies forgetting his anger against them that haue offended him and that for his part he had rather ouercome Heraclides not in riches and wisedom but in clemency iustice for therein chiefly consisted excellencie sith no man els in warres can challenge power gouernment but fortune that ruleth most And though Heraclides sayd he through enuy hath done like a wicked man must Dion therefore through anger bleamish his vertue In deede by mans law it is thought meeter to reuenge an iniurie offered then to doe an iniurie but nature sheweth that they both proceede of one selfe imperfection Now though it be a hard thing to chaunge and alter the euill disposition of a man after he is once nuseled in villany yet is not man of so wild brutish a nature that his wickednes may not be ouercome with often pleasures when he seeth that they are continually shewed him Dion aūswering his friends thus he forgaue Heraclides beginning againe to shut vp the castell with a wal round about he cōmaūded the SYRACVSANS euery man of them to cut downe a stake to bringe it thither So when night was come setting his souldiers
Irenes Melirenes The â—â—eeuerie of the Lacedaemonians Straight dyet causeth groeth and height Childrens exercise afect their supper The LacedamoniaÌ„s manner of liuing Short speache taught among the Lacedaemonians Lycurgus wise aunswere Lycurgus loue to god To geue a haÌ„d is to consesse him self ouercome Shorte sentences of certaint Laconians Leonidus Charilaus Archidamidas Shaâ—e sentences of the Laconians Demaratus Agis Theopompus Plistonax Pausanias sonne Archidamidas In the life of Agesilous The Lacedaemonians songes Three daunces among the Lacedaemonians Terpander of the Lacedaemonians Pyndarus of the Lacedaemonians The longe bushes and beare of the Laconians How the Laconians beganne battell The LaconiaÌ„s songe when they marched Eust. Ilia 15. How save the Lacedaemonians dyd pursue their enemies Lycurgus a very good captaine Oulames The LaconiaÌ„s opinion to serue their countrie The rest and leysure of the Lacedaemonians Idie liuers punished at Athens Sutes in lawe went aways with golde siluer that was banished How they spâ—o the time in Sparta The Lacedaemonians liued not priuately to them selues in the comm'd weale Paedaretus saying The manner of choosing the Senate in Sparta VVhat was done the Senatour being chosen The manner of buriall with the Lacedaemonians The time of mourning None allowed to trauell into other couÌ„tries without licence No straungers suffered to dwell in Sparta Cryptia with the Lacedaemonians The cruelty of the Lacedaemonians against the Ilotes Diodorus lib. 2. Plato in Timaeo Lycurgus wonderfull counsell in stablishing his lawes Lycurgus death Sparta florished fiue hundred yeres Lycurgus lawes were broke in king Agis time by Lysanders meanes Money corrupteth Lycurgus Lawes See more in Lysaders life Lysander brought in richer againe into Sparta Theopompus wordes of obeying and commauÌ„ding Good gouernmeÌ„t breedeth due obedieÌ„ce Antisthenes Socrates schollers wordes The foundation of a common weale Diuine honours to Lycurgus after his death Antiorus Lycurgus â—â—â—â—â— In what time Numa â—â—â— Cicero de Or. 2. Tuscâ—l 4. Lius Hâ—lic lib. 2. VVhether Pythagoras had any conversation with Numa Pythagoras the seconde a Spartan borne taught Numa at Rome The death of Romulus In the life of Romulus he is named Trocolus â— Dissention as Rome about choosing of their King. Liuie sayeth but a hundred Dionysius 200. Plutar. in the life of Romulus agreeth with Dionysius Interregnum Numa chosen King. Numa borne in the cittie of Cures Quirites why so called The life and manners of Numa before his raigne Tatia the wife of Numa Numa conuersant with the goddesse Egeria Goddes familliar with men VVho are beloued of the goddes Proclus and Velesus ambassadours to offer Numa the kingdom The orasion of Numa to the abassadours refusing to be King. Numa beginneth his kingdome with seruice of the goddes Numa was consecrated by the Augures The garde of Celeres discharged by Numa Flamen Quirinalis instituted of Numa Numa inducent ciuill quiet life Plato de Rep. lib. 2. Numa and Pythagoras institutions muche a like Numa worshipped Tacita one of the Muses Pythagoras taught his schollers to kept silence Pythagoras opinion of god Numa forbad images of God. Proofes for the conuersation of Numa and Pythagoras Numa instituteth Bishoppes Pontifices why so called The wodden bridge as Rome The highe bishoppe The institution of the Vestall Nunnes The holy and immortal fire How the holy fire is drawen from the pure flame of the sunne See the life of Camillus touching the Vestall Nunnes The Vestalls prerogatius The punishment of the Vestall Nunnes The temple of Vesta represenseth the figure of the worlde VVhere the fire abideth The manner of buriall Libitina honored at funeralls The time of mourning Salâ—i Feciales Pluto Probl. 62. Gell. lib. 16 c.4 Feciales called Irenophylaces Irenen a quarrell pacified with reason without the sword Rome taken by the Gaules See Camillus Life The institution of the Salij A target from heauen VVhereof they were called Salij Ancylia whereof so called Regia the Kings palace The manner of the Romaines worshipping of the goddes The Pythagorians opinion touching prayer Hoc age a watcheword to tend diuine seruice The similitude of Numa and Pythagoras precepts By what means Numa made the Romaines quiet and gentle The wonders of Numa Numaes speaking with Iupiter Picus Fannus The purifying of thunder Ilicium the name of the place Numa buylded temples to Faythe and Terme Numa made the boundes of the territorie of Rome Numa aduaunceth jillage Numa deuided his people into sundrie occupations Numa tooke away the factions of Romulus and Tatius The ordinaunce of the moneths of Numaes institution Macrob. 1. Sarâ—r 13. The yere diuersely counted * Peraduenture ye must read in the Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to saye of the name of Iuno * Some olde Grecian copies saye in this place marg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much to saye as for the deade VVhy Ianus is painted with two faces At what time the temple of Ianus is thus in Rome Liu. lib. 1. The Romains had us warres in al Nunaes time Platoes saying concerning the felicitie of a coÌ„mon weale Numaes tiues and posteritie Pompilia Numaes daughter Pompilia maried to Caius Martius Corislanus Martius the Sabyne made Sunatouar at Rome Ancus Martius the sonne of Caius Martius Coviolanus The death of Numa Numaes bookes VVhy the Pythagoriâ—agrave left nothing in writing 12. bookes of priesthood 12. bookes of philosophie Good men praysed after their death The misfortunes of Numaes successours Hostilius The vertues of Numa and Lycurgus were alike but their deeds diuers VVhat things were harde to Lycurgus Slaues sai with their master as Saturnes feasts Macrob. Satur lib. 1. Diuers causes of the diuersitie of institutions of Numa and Lycurgus Description of their people Reason for mariages Numaes order for maidens the better The Laconians were to manly The Romaine women very modest The first diuorce aâ— Rome Howe much education and discipline is worthe Arist. polit 8. How Lycurgus lawes were stablished VVhy Numaes orders dyed Why Numa is to be preferred before Lycurgus Solons linage Great friendshipp betâ—ixâ— Solon Pisistratus A statute for bondmen Solon gaue him selfe in youth to trade marchauÌ„dise Solons iudgemeÌ„t of riches The commodities of merchandise A marchauns builded Massilia Thales Hippocrates Plato all marchaunts Pouerty with vertue better than riches How Solon vsed his poetrie Solon delited in morall but not in naturall philosophie Hellens three footed stoole of gold draweÌ„ vp in a drag net The rare modesty of the wise men Anacharsis and Solons meeting Anacharsis saying of Solons written lawes Solons talke with Thales at Miletum about mariage for hauing of children VVe should not let to get things necessarie fearing to lose them Cybistus Thales adopted sonne The instinct of naturall loue Proclamation vpon paâ—ne of death no man so moâ—e the counsell for the title of Salamina Solon fained madnes to recouer Salamina Solons Elegies of the Salaminians Of the temple of Venus Coliade Sâ—ab lib 4. â—â—rsan of the Athenians Solons stratageames Solon wanne Salamina Great stryfe betwext
An other opinion of the stone that fell Philocles coÌ„stancy Captaine of the Athenians Lysanders cruelty Theopompus the Comicall Poets sayinge of the Lacedaemonians The Athenians yeelde vp Athens_to Lysander The maner of peace offered by the Lacedaemonians to the AtheniaÌ„s A notable saying for the walle of cities Erianthus cruell aduise against the Athenians The sweete musicke so frened their cruell hearts and moued them in pity Lysander ouerthrew the walles of the city of AtheÌ„s Callibius Captaine of the Castell of Athens Autolycus as cunninge wrestler Autolycus pus to death Lysander sent money to Sparta by Gylippus Gylippus robbed parte of the money be caried to Sparta The Grekishe coyne was marked with an owle Gyllippus banishment Couetousnes of money corrupted Gylippus one of the chiefest men of LacedaemoÌ„ The iron money of Lacedaemonia At what time the Lacedaemonians receiued gold and siluer againe The ill life of the Magistrate the cause of disorder in a commoÌ„ weale A galley of gold and Iuory Lysanders honors and pride Platoes saving of the ignorant Ignoraunce coÌ„pared with blindenes Lysanders ambition pride and 〈…〉 Lysander brake his word othe and procured the deads of eight hundred people 〈…〉 Eteocles wordes of Lysander Thorax put to death for offending the law The LaconiaÌ„ Scytala what maner thing it is and how vsed Lysander carieth letters against him selfe Lysander goeth to Iupiter Ammon King Pausanias reconciled the Athenians with the Spartans Lysanders terrible words The death of king Agis Lysander depriueth Leotychides of his kingedomes Through Lysanders working Agesilaus â— was made king Ambition abideth no equalles Agesilaus priâ—ie grudge to Lysander Lysanders wisedome Lysander surueiour of the vittells Lysanders talke with king Agesilaus after the Laconian maner of speaking Lysander seeketh innouation in the state of Sparta The Families of the kinges of Lacedamon Lysander deuiseth false oracles corrupted soathsayers with money Lysanders fained deuise to possesse the kingdome The warres of Boeotia Diuers causes sâ—â—â—â—used of the beginning of these wars An edict against the banished men from Athens An edict made by the Thebans in fauor of the banished meÌ„ Lysanders iorney vnto Boeotia Cithaeron mons Cissusa sons Lysander staine by the Thebans To aske leaue of thenemie to burye the deade is dishonorable Lysanders tombe Oplites A. destinie menitable Phliarus A. Hoplia Isomantus Neochorus slâ—e Lysander Orchalide â—â—â—s Helicon moons Pausanias exile Lysanders cleane handes and pouertie commended after his deathe Lysanders counsell for altering of the kingdom Lacratidas wisdom forbearing to shewe extremitie to the deade Lysander honored by the Spartans after his death Singlenes of life late mariage and ill mariage punished by the Lacedaemonians Syllaes kinred Syllaes honesty reproued by meanes of his great wealth Syllaes flauore That is bicause that Syl in laten signifieth oker which becometh red when it is put to the fire and therfore Syllaceus color in virusâ—ia signifieth purple colour Syllace skeffing Syllaes voluptuosnes Sylla Quaestor The cause of Bocchus freÌ„dshippe vnto Sylla Iugerthe deliuered vnto Sylla by kinge Bocchus Thenor of Iugurthes takinge ascribed vnto Sylla Syllaes noble deedes vnder Marius Sillaes doings vnder Catulus Ambition is to be fled as a mortall furie Sylla chosen Praetor Orobazus Ambassador from the king of the Parthians vnto Sylla Sylla accused of extorcion Ciuill warres Timotheus Athenians would not tribune the glory of his doinges to fortune Sylla gaue fortune the honor of all his doinges Syllaes belefe in dreames A straunge fight appeared to Sylla Sylla straunge of conditions Sylla chosen Consull Metellus chiefe bishop of Rome a maried Syllaes wiues Marius fonde ambition VVonderfull signes seene before the ciuill warres The ThuscaÌ„s opinion of eight worldes The wickednes of Sulpitius the Tribune Marius and Sulpitius sedition All lawe ceased for a time by reason of Sulpitius oppressions and wicked lawes Sylla marcheth towards Rome with six legions Posthomius the deuine did prognosticate victory vnto Sylla Syllas vision on his dreams Sylla set the houses a fire in Rome Marius and Sulpitius condemned to death Treason lustly rewarded The ingrailtude of Sylla reproved Lucius Cinna Consull Cinna sware to be Syllaes frende Sylla went against Mithridates Mithridates power Sylla befiegeth the city of Athens Sylla tooke the smells and roady money out of all the temples of Greece and brought it to him to AtheÌ„s Caphis supersticion for touching the holy thinges The commendacion of the auncient Romaine Captaines for ordering of their souldiers and also for their modest expences Sylla the first man that spob led all good seruice of souldiers by ouermuch libertie and sufferauoco The wickednes of the tyran Arision The greue valianmes of Marcus Teius Athens taken by Sylla The slaughter of the Athenians after the taking of the eisit Anthesterion Marche The time of Noes flood Aristion the tyran yeelded The hauen of Piraea wonne Philoes armory burnt by Sylla Taxilles army a hundred thowsande footemen Tenne thowsand horsemen Foure score ten thowsand cartes with Sythes The force of the BarbariaÌ„s consisted in horsemen and in their carts with Sythes The straight of Thermopyles Pqrnassus hill The city of Tithora Sylla Hortensius met at Patronide The plaine of Elatea Philobaeotus mont Their whole army together 1500. horse 15000. footemen The braue armor and furniture of the Thracians MacedoniaÌ„s seruing vnder Taxilles king Mithridates lieutenaunt Many commanders make disobediens souldiers Cephisus fl Syllaes straightnes to his souldiers A good policie to weary feare full souldiers with extreame labor whereby to make them desirous to fight Edylium moÌ„t Assus fl Sylla sendeth Gabinius with a legion to aide Chaeronea Oldeles met propheths of victory vnto Sylla Saluenius aSouldiers Iupiter Olympias Acotuim Edylium mountaines Thurium mons aliue Orthopagues Morion fl Apollo Thurial Chaeron the founder of the city of Charonea Sylla ordereth his battell Sylla droue Archelaus aide from the hill The force of the armed cartes with Sythes consist in long course Syllaes conflict with Archelaus as Thurium Slaues made free by authority of the Lieutenaunts in the fielde Syllaâ—â— victory of Mithridates Lieutenauntes The field was wonne in the plaine of Elatea Molus fl Apollo Pythias Iupiter Olympias Flaccus Consull went against Sylla Dorylaus Mithridates generall against Sylla The goodly plaine before the city of Orchomene The riuer of Melas and nature therof Syllaes words to animate his souldiers Diogenes slaine Syllae victory of Mithridates Lieutenauntes as Orchomene Sylla â—â—revâ—â—â—ne â—trelâ—â— Live in the famous battells at Chaeronea and at Orchomene Talke betwixt Sylla and Archelaus at the meeting Peace concluded betwext Sylla Archelaus in Mithridates behalfe apon condicions Archelaus suspected of treason Aristion tyran of Athens poysoned by Sylla Mithridates exception to the condicioÌ„s Archelaus sene from Sylla to Mithridates Sylla Mithridates meete at DARDANE The stowtnes of Sylla Mithridates excuseth him selfe to Sylla Syllaes aunswer to Mithridates Nicomedes king of Bithynia Ariobarzanes king of Coppadocia A hundred fifty thowsand Romanes slaine in one day
of Brutus actes Porcia studied in Philosophie The corage of Porcia Great difference betwext a wise and a harlot Porciaes words vnto her husband Brutus The wonderfull constancy of the conspirators in killing of Caesar. Sundrie misfortunes to haue broken of the enterprise The weakenes of Porcia notwithstanding her former corage Brutus with his countenaunce encoraged his fearefull consories * In Caesars life it is sayd it was Decius Brutus Albinus that kept Antonius with a talke without * In Caesars life he is called Metellus Cimber The mother of Caesar. Casca the first that wounded him VVhy Antonius was not slayne with Ceasar Brutus with his consorts went vnto the Capitoll Honors decreed for the murtherers of Caesar. Caesars will funeralls Brutus committed two great faults after Caesars death Antonius funerall oration for Caesar. The straunge dreame of Cinna the Poet The murder of Cinna the Poet being mistaken for an other of that name Brutus and his consorts doe flye from Rome Brutus playes and sportes at Rome in his absence Octauius Caesar comming to Rome Brutus reproued Cicero for taking part with Octauius Caesar. Porciaes sorowfull returne to Rome for the absence of her husband Brutus The story of Hector and Andromachè set forth in painted tables How Brutus bestowed his time at Athens Brutus commendeth Ciceroes sonne Brutus prepareth him selfe to warre A strange disease tooke Brutus at Dyrrachium VVho by snow this hungry disease taketh men that are wearied with trauaile Brutus thankfulnes and clemency C. Antonius yelded vnto Brutus Octauius Caesar ioyneth with Antonius Brutus senteÌ„sed and condemned by Octauius Caesars meanes for the death of Iulius Caesar. The Triumuirate C. Antonius murdered Brutus and Cassius doe ioyne armies together The sharpe and cruell condicions of Cassius Brutus gentle and â—aâ—er condicions Brutus intent good if he had ouercomen Antonius testimonie of Brutus Brutus to his mind to his contry Brutus a true Prophet of Antonius Cassius wanne the citie of Rhodes Brutus â—eâ—ts in Lycia The citie of Xanethus set a fire The desperat ende of the Xanthians The Palareâ—ans doe yeld them selues vnto Brutus The extreme couetousnes and crueltie of Cassius to the Rhodians Brutus clemeÌ„cy vnto the Lycians Theodotus borne in Chio a Rethoritian Scholemaister is Ptolomy the young king of AEgypt Theodotus saying a dead man biteth not Theodotus Chian the Rethoritian that gaue counsell to kill Pompeys was put to death by Brutus Brutus and Cassius doe meete at the citie of Sardis Brutus and Cassius complaints one vnto the other M. Phaonius a follower of Cato Cynick Philosophers cowÌ„red dogges Iulius Caesar slayne at the Ides of March. The wonderfull constency of Brutus in matters of iustice and equitie Brutus care and watching A spirit appeared vnto Brutus in the citie of Sardis Cassius opinion of spirits after the Epicurians sect The cause of dreames A wonderfull signe by two Eagles Brutus and Cassius camps before the citie of Philippes against Octauius Caesar Antonius Brutus souldiers brauely armed Brutus opinion for the brauery of souldiers in their armor and weapons Vnlucky signes vnto Cassius Cassius and Brutus opinions about battell Atellius opinion for the battell Cassius words vnto Messala the night before the battell Brutus and Cassius talke before the battell Brutus aunswer to Cassius The battell at Philippes against Octauius Caesar and Antonius Octavius Caesar falsely reported to be slaine at the battell of Philippes Cassius misfortune Cassius offended with the sundrie errous Brutus and his men committed in battell Cassius valliantnes in warres The importance of error mistaking in warres Cassius slaine by his man Pindarus The death of Titinnius The number of men slaine at the battell of Philippes Brutus clemeÌ„cy courtesie Brutus fault wisely excused by Plutarke Brutus victorie by sea VVonderfull famine amoÌ„g Caesars souldiers by sea The ignoraÌ„ce of Brutus victorie by sea was his vtter destruction The euill spirit appeared againe vnto Brutus Straunge fightes before Brutus second battell Brutus second battell Brutus valliantnes and great skill in warres The death of the valliant young man Cato the sonne of Marcus Cato The fidelitie of Lucilius vnto Brutus Brutus flying Appian meaneth this by Antonius The death of Statilius Brutus saying of flying with hands not with feete Brutus slue him selfe Strato Brutus familiar and frend Strato receiued into Caesars frendship Messala Coruinus Brutus frend Brutus funeralls Porcia Brutus wife killed her selfe with burning coles In what things Dion was inferior vnto Brutus Brutus hoâ—â—aved of his enemies after his death Brutus image or statue standing in brasse in Milleine was preserued and kept by Octauius Caesar The example of our auncesters wherein profitable to their posteritie The common weale of the Sicyonians commersed into tyrannie Abantidas â—â—ran of Sicyone Aratus the sonne of Clinias scaped the handes of the tyran Abantidas Aratus malice against tyrannes Aratus fauor Aratus wrote a booke of CoÌ„mentaries Abantidas the tyran slaine Aristotle the Logitian Aratus goeth about to deliuer his contry from the tyrannie * In an other place he calleth him Ecdemus Aristomachus and Ecdelus doe ioine with Aratus Aratus preparacioÌ„ to deliuer his contrie from tyrannie Aratus policy to deceiue Nicocles spialls Aratus daungers in deliuering of his contrie from the tyranny of Nicocles Aratus was the citie of Sicyone without bloodshed Nicocles the tyrant flyeth Aratus ioyneth the citie of Sicyone vnto the Achaians Aratus referred all things to the common wealth VVhy owles set best by night and not by day Management of Philosophy be likined unto owles Aratus taketh sea to go to king Ptolomy into AEgypt The pictures and paynted tables made in the citie of Sicyone did passe all the other paintings in Graece The excelleÌ„cy of Aristratus picture the tyran of Sicyone painted by all Melanthus scholers and Apelles help Aratus consultation for the defacing of it The saying of Nealces the paynter touching tyraÌ„ne The great liberalitie of Ptolomey vnto Aratus Aratus temperances Aratus doings in his first Praetorship Presche an Island of Peloponnesus Acto or inthus means Young king Philips saying of the castell of Corinth Antigunus wife and dauise Antigonus craftily taketh the castell of the Acrocorinthe Ouergreat as lay to a simple man maketh him mad Perceiue the Philisopher made captaine of the Acrocorinthe Aratus determination for the taking of the Acrocorinthe The error and daunger by likenes of men one vnto another Aratus great daunger in taking of the castell of the Acrocorinthe The happy benefit of the Moone Aratus taketh the Acrocorinthe Aratus ioyneth the city of Corinthe vnto Achaia Zenoes opinion that a man could not be a good Captaine vnles he were a perfit wise man. Persaus aunswer to Zenoes opinion Philopaemen the last famous man of the Graecians Aratus power and authority with the Achaians Aratus gaeth about to set Argos at libertie Aratus prepared litle short daggers against the tyrants decree ordinance Aristippus tyrant of the citie of Argos Aristippus layed man to kill Aratus No