Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	put_v	set_v	water_n	6,115	5	6.4808	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50701	A short view of the fravds, and abvses committed by apothecaries, as well in relation to patients, as physicians, and of the only remedy thereof by physicians making their own medicines by Christopher Merret ...	Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695.	1670 (1670)	Wing M1844; ESTC R650	40,249	81

Drugs and some without any view at all others put in the Scrapings that ought to be thrown away and by these Arts they under-sell and ruine one another selling the Composition at a lower rate then good Ingredients cost them and with these complaints they daily mutiny amongst themselves Thirdly 'T is very common for them to load Medicines with Honey and other cheaper ingredients and to leave out in whole or in part those of greater value viz. Saffron in Ruffus Pills and in Oxycroceum Plaster which latter they colour of a Saffron colour with Turmeric Sanders c. Ambergrise in Alkermes Diascordium was found by the Censors in their search made only of Honey and Bole-Armeniac Which false composition was taken away by the then Master of the Company Such Chymists which sell preparations honestly made complain that few Apothecaries will go to the prices of them Whence it comes to pass that most of the preparations found in the Shops are sophisticated to the great abuse of City and Country These abuses daily increase since the Censors discouraged by the multitude of Empirics swarming in every Corner have omitted their wonted searches being to their loss of and expences out of their own Purses for the publick good only Now since the Chymical Oyls by reason of their great prices are most of them adulterated and very few of them right good and that nothing hath been published on this matter and to leave the buyers of them unexcusable I shall here add briefly yet sufficiently the ways to discover these Cheats First for sweet-scented Chymical Oyls viz. those of Cloves Cinnamon and Sassaphras Only drop a little of them into fair water and that part which is true good will sink under the water but the adulterated part will swim on the top of it Some others draw deep tinctures from the said Spices with Spirit of Wine highly rectified and sell them for the Oyls but these mix with the water throughout neither swimming nor sinking Others more craftily digest with the said tinctures some of the true Oyls which compound being put into water will for a time render it white Another way of sophisticating is with Oyl of Turpentine mixed in great quantity with that which is adulterated You may easily discover the Oyl of Turpentine by setting it on fire for it yields abundance of ill-scented smoak with very little savour of the Herb Flour or Seed c. and soon takes fire To correct the ill smell of the Turpentine they digest it with and distilit off with Spirit of Wine Those sophisticated with Turpentine fired in a Silver Spoon colour it and quickly diffuse themselves upon a Knife or Paper The best way to try by ●iring is to put a drop or two of these Oyls on the end of a broad pointed Knife which being first heated and then thrust into a lighted Candle presently take fire and break out into a flame with much dark smoak but if you will try them in a Spoon heat it first over a Candle and then blow the flame of lighted paper or of a Wax Candle on them To try the scent blow out the flame of the good Oyls and your smell will soon discover the ill scent of the Turpentine from that of the good Oyl But on the contrary all Oyls drawn from Plants by distillation hardly flame and the flame soon goes out and the smoak gives a full flavour of the Plant it self whereas those sophisticated as before differ from the true in both The same Oyls are also sophisticated with cheap ones drawn from decayed Oringes and Limons Your smell on firing will soon discover these mixtures A third way of sophisticating Chymical Oyls is by mixing with them such Oyls as are made by expression which are easily discovered by rubbing them on white paper which being held and dryed at the fire the Chymical part soon flyes away and leaves the paper transparent looking no otherwise then oyled paper but pure Chymical Oyls totally fly away leaving the paper white as 't was before and not transparent and in this way Oyl of sweet Almonds and Spike have a great share As for Oyls drawn by Retort they all of them smell so strong of the ●ire that neither smell nor tast can well discover any fraud in them Now for the fixed Salts most of them are made of the Ashes of Tobacco-stalks c. More might be said for the discovery of the Cheats of other Chymical preparations which shall be reserved to another opportunity and had Physicians just encouragement they would spend both their time and moneys on the like discoveries for the publick Utility Fifthly Add to the former though perhaps 't is an error of ignorance only that if such Simples are prescribed they know not they fetch from the Herb-women what they give them true or false for many of these Women give to very many Plants false names Now if the Apothecary be so careful to consult an Herbal which few have and fewer know how to make use of yet they too frequently mistake the thing by reason of several names given to the same thing or of one name to several things and many of them consult the common Dictionaries only which are most erroneous in the names of natural things insomuch that in my first practice being curious of these particulars I have found two or three mistakes in one prescription a Catalogue of which mistakes and names ill given I had collected but the late fire consumed it though many of them my memory hath reserved Sixthly Many of the London and most of the Country-Apothecaries buy of the whole-sale men who affirm of one another especially of such who gain great Estates in short time that they cannot sell their Medicines honestly made at so low a rate as they do Seventhly I shall need to say little of such distilled waters as discover themselves neither to smell nor tast but shall only recite a known Story of an Apothecary who chid his man for sending away a Customer that came for Plantan water telling him there was enough at the Pump Eighthly As for Ointments and Plasters they are sold by some at so low a price viz. 3 d. per l. for Ointments as I have been informed that 't is not possible to make them at and yet such however falsifyed maintain a trade amongst Country and low-priced City Apothecaries and the Chirurgeons profess they cannot effect their Cures with the Shop-Medicines and that this is the reason why they make their own Oyls Oyntments c. as the Apothecaries Charter allows them to do and why may not Physicians think this to be the cause why they sometimes fail in their Cures as well as Chirurgeons and also make their own Medicines as well as they especially since the Apothecary may as easily falsify and to greater profit in the one then in the other Ninthly As to their use of bad or decayed Drugs 't is so common a practice that I shall need to give