consequent_o do_v the_o former_a and_o thereby_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o perfection_n or_o have_v let_v we_o see_v what_o nature_n will_v have_v do_v if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o hinder_v in_o her_o work_n 7._o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o invite_v i_o to_o alter_v the_o common_a way_n of_o freeze_a and_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o whensoever_o i_o please_v the_o expose_v liquor_n shall_v not_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n or_o side_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o conclude_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v by_o mingle_v the_o salt_n with_o that_o part_n only_o of_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v to_o lie_v beneath_o and_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o place_v in_o it_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o snow_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n be_v able_a but_o to_o cool_v the_o water_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o glaciation_n whereas_o the_o mingle_a snow_n and_o salt_n on_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o 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the_o top_n will_v be_v more_o frigidum_fw-la proper_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v by_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o any_o nice_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o snow_n nor_o of_o any_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o they_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o sea_n salt_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o do_v amiss_o nor_o do_v i_o usual_o put_v salt_n to_o all_o the_o snow_n at_o once_o unless_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o freeze_v a_o liquor_n quick_o and_o make_v a_o speedy_a resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o by_o the_o way_n above_o mention_v i_o do_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n make_v the_o expose_v liquor_n freeze_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o top_n but_o next_o to_o what_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o please_v according_a to_o 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near_o so_o durable_a as_o the_o more_o entire_a body_n of_o solid_a ice_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o frequent_a experience_n that_o ice_n well_o beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o artificial_a glaciation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o in_o some_o respect_v better_a as_o snow_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n of_o cold_a we_o indifferent_o prescribe_v snow_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n and_o ice_n as_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o glaciate_a mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n 1._o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n common_a enough_o though_o not_o here_o in_o england_n yet_o among_o those_o that_o have_v give_v we_o account_n of_o very_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v freeze_v be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v be_v thereby_o spoil_v but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o internal_a cold_n 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mixture_n and_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v high_a with_o then_o without_o they_o i_o find_v also_o that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n alone_o mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n though_o not_o so_o powerful_a one_o affirm_v that_o saltpetre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n and_o long_o agitate_a not_o only_o cool_v the_o hand_n exceed_o which_o be_v very_o true_a but_o also_o convert_v it_o to_o ice_n yea_o in_o the_o very_a summer_n month_n which_o answer_v not_o my_o trial_n though_o keep_v a_o whole_a hour_n in_o that_o agitation_n in_o the_o hard_a season_n this_o follow_a experiment_n also_o i_o add_v propose_v to_o i_o i_o fill_v a_o bolt-head_n contain_v a_o quart_n of_o water_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o iron_n pan_n surround_v it_o on_o every_o side_n with_o snow_n which_o cover_v also_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o then_o set_v the_o kettle_n over_o the_o fire_n and_o take_v now_o and_o then_o the_o bolt-head_n from_o the_o 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ice_n or_o two_o contiguous_a one_o for_o in_o both_o the_o water_n will_v run_v exceed_o fast_o and_o this_o syphon_n soon_o empty_v all_o the_o water_n out_o a_o second_o use_n be_v for_o refraction_n whereof_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v you_o already_o a_o learned_a demonstration_n and_o i_o have_v form_v some_o smooth_a ice_n into_o various_a figure_n like_o most_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o the_o dioptrick_a writer_n the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o very_a same_o as_o in_o the_o like_a figure_a glass_n but_o how_o des-cartes_n make_v dioptrick_a glass_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o especial_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o last_o you_o may_v make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o especial_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o black_a paper_n be_v place_v behind_o it_o and_o if_o you_o hold_v a_o candle_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n there_o will_v appear_v very_o many_o speculum_n to_o your_o eye_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o the_o ice_n but_o i_o can_v not_o observe_v any_o heat_n proceed_v from_o ice_n though_o cut_v in_o the_o true_a figure_n for_o burning-glass_n and_o expose_v in_o naked_a ice_n but_o freeze_v in_o spherical_a glass_n it_o will_v heat_v a_o little_a i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v some_o proposition_n of_o learned_a bartholinus_n take_v from_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr nive_n be_v near_o to_o the_o former_a argument_n who_o affirm_v 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o that_o the_o ray_n from_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_n and_o excel_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o splendour_n wherewith_o the_o eye_n be_v dazzle_v both_o these_o be_v true_a and_o have_v but_o one_o common_a cause_n usz_n the_o multitude_n of_o reflection_n cause_v by_o the_o infinite_a globuli_fw-la whereof_o every_o flake_n of_o snow_n consist_v 3._o that_o he_o see_v cabbage_n grow_v in_o his_o garden_n putrify_v on_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o 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and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o vapour_n cloud_v the_o sun_n 5._o snow_n melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n i_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o ivy_n and_o ever-greens_a with_o we_o and_o some_o bite_a plant_n too_o but_o find_v in_o they_o all_o the_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v here_o assert_v nay_o no_o difference_n have_v be_v observe_v even_o in_o hoar_a frost_n which_o fall_v equal_o and_o continue_v on_o all_o sort_n of_o plant_n 6._o he_o exclude_v not_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o earth_n from_o snow_n though_o pure_a which_o say_v he_o be_v manifest_a from_o distillation_n this_o experiment_n i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n which_o be_v tantamount_n to_o distillation_n and_o indeed_o all_o melt_a snow_n leave_v a_o earthy_a and_o foul_a settle_v behind_o it_o 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a then_o in_o old_a snow_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o mass_n viscosity_n in_o it_o i_o understand_v not_o its_o softness_n indeed_o be_v manifest_a too_o by_o the_o track_n of_o beast_n which_o appear_v more_o fair_a the_o snow_n not_o rise_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o impression_n make_v by_o their_o foot_n as_o it_o do_v in_o old_a but_o retain_v their_o perfect_a character_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvigrass_n grow_v under_o the_o snow_n in_o garden_n i_o apprehend_v not_o that_o any_o plant_n whatsoever_o grow_v at_o all_o in_o hard_a season_n my_o meaning_n be_v that_o no_o plant_n acquire_v any_o great_a bulk_n of_o quantity_n but_o keep_v at_o a_o stand_v only_o and_o this_o countryman_n affirm_v of_o grass_n and_o corn_n and_o gardiner_n of_o other_o plant_n it_o be_v true_a many_o plant_n will_v upon_o thaw_v show_v a_o fine_a verdure_n and_o if_o warm_a weather_n present_o follow_v all_o vegetable_n will_v thrive_v exceed_o for_o how_o they_o shall_v thus_o grow_v when_o their_o nourish_a liquor_n be_v congeal_v and_o consequent_o become_v immovable_a i_o understand_v not_o 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n which_o this_o way_n of_o i_o to_o make_v snow_n full_o convince_v i_o take_v the_o white_n of_o egg_n and_o beat_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n with_o a_o spoon_n into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n as_o woman_n do_v to_o make_v their_o snow_n posset_n and_o then_o take_v a_o little_a of_o this_o substance_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o trencher_n it_o soon_o become_v plain_a flake_n of_o snow_n so_o that_o none_o that_o see_v they_o can_v judge_v otherwise_o another_o accidental_a experiment_n prove_v the_o same_o for_o have_v put_v water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o have_v long_o and_o strong_o agitate_a it_o there_o arise_v many_o bubble_n at_o the_o top_n which_o soon_o freeze_v my_o agitation_n cease_v become_v perfect_a snow_n and_o now_o have_v here_o set_v down_o the_o way_n of_o counterfeit_v at_o least_o if_o not_o of_o make_v snow_n i_o will_v add_v how_o a_o pruina_fw-la or_o hoar_a frost_n also_o may_v be_v imitate_v i_o take_v a_o pail_n fill_v 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beget_v some_o diffidence_n in_o wary_a man_n they_o will_v not_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o title_n of_o this_o section_n and_o most_o of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v place_v here_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o extreme_a degree_n of_o cold_a that_o i_o can_v in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n of_o we_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o by_o my_o own_o trial_n so_o that_o all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o relation_n as_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o deliver_v by_o the_o relator_n as_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o even_o this_o may_v perchance_o not_o only_o gratify_v and_o excite_v the_o curiosity_n of_o some_o who_o be_v please_v with_o no_o thing_n so_o much_o as_o with_o those_o that_o have_v somewhat_o in_o they_o of_o prodigy_n and_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a their_o narrative_n may_v afford_v the_o ingenious_a such_o strange_a phaenomena_n that_o the_o explication_n of_o they_o may_v serve_v both_o to_o 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i_o must_v free_o 〈◊〉_d that_o though_o in_o live_a creature_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o perfect_a sort_n of_o animal_n i_o do_v in_o divers_a case_n allow_v argument_n draw_v from_o final_a cause_n yet_o where_o only_o inanimate_a body_n be_v concern_v i_o do_v not_o easy_o suffer_v myself_o to_o be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o such_o argument_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o danger_n that_o cold_a and_o heat_n who_o cause_n be_v so_o radicate_v in_o nature_n shall_v be_v lose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n in_o case_n each_o parcel_n of_o matter_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v surround_v with_o body_n wherein_o a_o contrary_a quality_n be_v predominant_a be_v not_o endow_v with_o a_o incomprehensible_a faculty_n of_o self_n invigoration_n and_o nature_n either_o do_v not_o need_v the_o help_n of_o this_o imaginary_a power_n or_o oftentimes_o have_v recourse_n unto_o it_o to_o very_o little_a purpose_n since_o we_o see_v that_o these_o quality_n subsist_v in_o the_o world_n and_o 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i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o confess_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o laziness_n and_o credulity_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v so_o long_o and_o general_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a this_o i_o say_v because_o i_o be_v possible_o the_o first_o that_o have_v have_v both_o the_o curiosity_n and_o boldness_n to_o examine_v so_o general_a and_o constant_a a_o tradition_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o you_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o for_o as_o great_a as_o popular_a a_o error_n for_o to_o let_v you_o manifest_o see_v how_o little_a the_o incalescence_n of_o the_o quicklime_n need_v be_v allow_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n if_o instead_o of_o cold_a water_n you_o quench_v it_o with_o hot_a water_n the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o only_o be_v as_o great_a as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a but_o 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same_o sort_n of_o quicklime_n i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o with_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o though_o i_o leave_v they_o together_o all_o night_n yet_o i_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o liquor_n have_v at_o all_o slack_v the_o lime_n which_o continue_v in_o a_o entire_a lump_n till_o upon_o the_o substitute_n of_o common_a water_n it_o do_v as_o i_o remember_v quick_o appear_v to_o be_v slack_v since_o it_o fall_v asunder_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o minute_n white_a powder_n which_o be_v bate_v the_o colour_n almost_o like_o mud_n and_o will_v easy_o by_o a_o little_a shake_n be_v disperse_v like_v it_o through_o the_o water_n 15._o eleutherius_fw-la i_o ingenious_o confess_v to_o you_o carneades_n that_o what_o you_o say_v surprise_v i_o for_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o try_v myself_o so_o acknowledge_v a_o experiment_n be_v not_o able_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v so_o unanimous_o and_o confident_o deliver_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a the_o falsity_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v 16._o carneades_n for_o my_o part_n eleutherius_fw-la i_o confess_v i_o be_o wont_a to_o doubt_v of_o what_o they_o teach_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o doubt_v and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v forgive_v i_o if_o have_v find_v a_o assertion_n so_o general_a and_o uncontrolled_a of_o a_o falsity_n so_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v i_o be_v inclinable_a to_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o other_o inferior_a tradition_n about_o antiperistasis_n and_o of_o these_o i_o will_v mention_v the_o two_o chief_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o modern_n for_o be_v contrive_v experiment_n i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o believe_v they_o come_v not_o from_o aristotle_n nor_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n that_o comment_v upon_o he_o 17._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o freeze_a a_o pot_n to_o a_o joynt-stool_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o 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glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v 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same_o or_o at_o least_o have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n when_o they_o have_v be_v thaw_v of_o themselves_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v hull_n ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n very_o strong_a expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o 35._o hour_n hard_o freeze_v become_v a_o ice_n all_o of_o it_o it_o be_v soft_a keep_v its_o former_a colour_n and_o taste_v soon_o discover_v to_o the_o tongue_n of_o one_o who_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o be_v its_o nature_n quality_n and_o kind_n canary_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o spoon_n expose_v in_o 38._o hour_n acquire_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o exceed_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n as_o thin_a as_o the_o fine_a paper_n and_o proceed_v no_o far_o in_o four_o day_n follow_v neither_o claret_n nor_o canary_n will_v show_v the_o least_o sign_n of_o congelation_n in_o tube_n much_o less_o in_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o the_o best_a spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n do_v all_o evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 12._o 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with_o the_o next_o day_n confirm_v the_o wind_n then_o blow_v hard_o at_o south-west_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n all_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n which_o show_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o dish_n some_o seem_o crystallize_v salt_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o say_a fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky_a white_a colour_n but_o the_o train-oyl_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a greese_v and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n call_v backrag_v and_o another_o of_o lusty_a white-wine_n stand_v in_o a_o room_n a_o story_n high_a expose_v to_o the_o say_a wind_n have_v most_o of_o the_o wine_n freeze_v in_o they_o the_o ice_n whereof_o be_v take_v out_o taste_v somewhat_o weak_a than_o the_o wine_n itself_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v the_o six_o night_n of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o 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regard_v they_o be_v far_o less_o commodious_a then_o either_o a_o watch_n or_o clock_n beside_o that_o in_o many_o case_n a_o skilful_a nature_n alist_n will_v by_o a_o variety_n and_o collation_n of_o experiment_n make_v the_o same_o discovery_n and_o perform_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o which_o other_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v behold_v to_o instrument_n and_o perhaps_o do_v many_o thing_n without_o they_o that_o have_v never_o be_v do_v with_o they_o and_o since_o necessity_n be_v proverbial_o allow_v to_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o invention_n even_o in_o tradesman_n and_o vulgar_a head_n why_o shall_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o rich_a and_o inventive_a intellect_n of_o a_o philosopher_n may_v in_o case_n of_o necestity_n turn_v itself_o and_o contrive_v the_o thing_n it_o can_v dispose_v of_o into_o so_o many_o differ_a form_n that_o it_o will_v often_o make_v its_o own_o sagacity_n and_o industry_n supply_v the_o want_n of_o exact_a tool_n and_o instrument_n and_o these_o 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new_o speak_v of_o the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o eminent_a example_n in_o the_o 21._o title_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o differ_a effect_n of_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n bellows_o upon_o a_o weatherglass_n and_o as_o for_o the_o suspicion_n i_o there_o conclude_v with_o though_o i_o yet_o doubt_n whether_o 〈◊〉_d will_v reach_v all_o the_o case_n incident_a to_o that_o experiment_n i_o have_v since_o be_v confirm_v in_o it_o by_o find_v that_o by_o purposely_o vary_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o bellows_o themselves_o i_o can_v divers_a time_n considerable_o vary_v the_o operation_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v out_o of_o they_o in_o their_o differ_a state_n have_v upon_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n witness_v of_o this_o i_o expect_v to_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o say_v more_o and_o therefore_o shall_v at_o present_a add_v but_o this_o one_o particular_a which_o may_v sufficient_o justify_v i_o for_o have_v say_v that_o weather-glass_n &_o our_o sensory_n may_v give_v very_o differ_v information_n about_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n turn_v into_o wind_n by_o be_v blow_v out_o of_o the_o same_o pair_n of_o bellows_o for_o have_v take_v two_o hermetical_o seal_v weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o purposely_o make_v for_o my_o experiment_n by_o a_o person_n eminent_o dexterous_a in_o make_v such_o instrument_n and_o have_v likewise_o provide_v a_o large_a pair_n of_o bellows_o i_o find_v that_o by_o blow_v 20._o blast_n at_o a_o time_n on_o the_o ball_n of_o one_o of_o they_o though_o the_o pipe_n be_v not_o only_o slender_a but_o of_o a_o unusual_a length_n amount_v to_o about_o 30._o inch_n yet_o the_o liquor_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o any_o more_o than_o rise_v and_o in_o the_o other_o weatherglass_n who_o pipe_n be_v less_o long_o but_o who_o ball_n be_v purposely_o make_v far_o great_a to_o be_v the_o fit_a for_o short_a and_o nice_a experiment_n we_o find_v more_o than_o once_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o cold_a air_n as_o in_o a_o close_a room_n that_o the_o wind_n that_o be_v blow_v in_o divers_a blast_n out_o of_o the_o bellows_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n do_v not_o only_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n subside_o but_o do_v make_v it_o manifest_o though_o but_o very_o little_a ascend_v and_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o make_v good_a of_o what_o i_o teach_v that_o such_o trial_n shall_v always_o succeed_v just_a as_o these_o do_v since_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o prove_v what_o i_o pretend_v that_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n do_v divers_a time_n discover_v the_o wind_n to_o be_v rather_o warm_v then_o cold_a when_o upon_o trial_n than_o purposely_o make_v it_o feel_v not_o only_o manifest_o but_o considerable_o cold_a both_o to_o a_o bystander_n hand_n and_o to_o my_o own_o hand_n and_o face_n though_o my_o hand_n that_o be_v blow_v upon_o be_v immediate_o before_o more_o then_o ordinary_o cold_a and_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v that_o judge_v it_o fit_a to_o make_v further_a trial_n with_o a_o unseal_v weatherglass_n i_o make_v one_o that_o be_v in_o some_o regard_v preferable_a to_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o second_o praeliminary_n discourse_n by_o make_v the_o bubble_n large_a and_o the_o cylindrical_a pipe_n so_o proportion_v to_o it_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n a_o pillar_n about_o a_o inch_n long_o of_o that_o liquor_n be_v keep_v suspend_v and_o play_v as_o well_o conspicuous_o as_o nimble_o up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o have_v fasten_v this_o instrument_n in_o a_o erect_a posture_n with_o the_o spherical_a part_n uppermost_a to_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o window_n by_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n with_o the_o bellows_o above_o mention_v which_o have_v lie_v some_o hour_n not_o very_o far_o from_o the_o chimney-corner_n but_o without_o seem_v to_o be_v sensible_o warm_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o fire_n a_o very_a few_o blast_n make_v the_o suspend_v water_n hasty_o subside_o and_o thereby_o witness_v the_o expansion_n and_o so_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o upon_o my_o cease_n to_o blow_n the_o same_o water_n will_v reascend_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o though_o i_o stand_v near_o it_o to_o watch_v it_o which_o show_v that_o the_o former_a depression_n be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o approach_n of_o my_o warm_a body_n and_o this_o i_o do_v more_o than_o once_o both_o alone_a and_o before_o witness_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o air_n blow_v at_o the_o same_o time_n out_o of_o the_o same_o bellows_o upon_o our_o hand_n and_o face_n seem_v cool_a enough_o but_o fear_v to_o insist_v any_o long_o on_o this_o matter_n in_o a_o preface_n i_o think_v it_o now_o unseasonable_a to_o add_v that_o as_o some_o contingent_a experiment_n in_o subsequent_a trial_n may_v fail_v often_o
way_n then_o that_o which_o be_v more_o common_a of_o bring_v body_n who_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v more_o languid_a to_o freeze_v water_n to_o include_v they_o with_o ice_n or_o snow_n in_o a_o single_a vial_n and_o so_o put_v they_o upon_o act_v only_o upon_o the_o minute_n and_o easy_o congealable_a vapour_n that_o wander_v in_o the_o air_n we_o take_v that_o course_n in_o the_o trial_n we_o be_v mention_v who_o success_n be_v thus_o brief_o set_v down_o in_o one_o of_o our_o note_n 10._o ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n well_o shake_v together_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n produce_v abundance_n of_o dew_n but_o we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o that_o it_o produce_v any_o ice_n 11._o also_o ice_n and_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n moderate_o beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n be_v try_v with_o just_a the_o like_a success_n but_o these_o trial_n have_v scarce_o be_v make_v above_o once_o and_o at_o most_o but_o twice_o be_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 12._o as_o for_o what_o be_v say_v that_o egg_n and_o apple_n thaw_v in_o the_o water_n be_v better_o preserve_v then_o thaw_v by_o the_o fire_n side_n we_o try_v it_o in_o pippin_n for_o in_o egg_n the_o experiment_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o and_o quick_o make_v and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v find_v it_o true_a and_o somewhat_o wonder_v to_o see_v how_o soon_o and_o how_o much_o putrefaction_n be_v induce_v into_o those_o loose_o contexed_a body_n by_o a_o overhasty_a thaw_v 13._o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o relation_n of_o navigator_n and_o other_o of_o good_a credit_n of_o one_o or_o two_o of_o who_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inquiry_n there_o may_v be_v good_a use_n make_v of_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o different_a way_n of_o thaw_v egg_n and_o apple_n by_o apply_v the_o observation_n to_o other_o body_n and_o even_o to_o man_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v dangerous_o nip_v by_o excessive_a cold._n for_o it_o be_v a_o know_a observation_n among_o those_o that_o have_v inhabit_v or_o visit_v the_o northern_a climate_n that_o if_o those_o who_o hand_n or_o foot_n or_o face_n happen_v to_o be_v freeze_v approach_v they_o too_o near_o or_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v or_o at_o least_o much_o prejudice_v the_o overhasty_o thaw_a part_n upon_o divers_a of_o we_o say_v captain_n james_n speak_v of_o his_o companion_n have_v the_o cold_a raise_v blister_n as_o big_a as_o walnut_n this_o we_o imagine_v to_o come_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o come_v too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o be_v more_o careful_a to_o be_v safe_o then_o quick_o deliver_v from_o the_o painful_a cold_a be_v wont_a before_o they_o come_v near_o the_o fire_n whether_o it_o be_v open_a or_o in_o stove_n either_o well_o to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o very_o cold_a water_n or_o else_o to_o rub_v they_o well_o with_o snow_n itself_o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o i_o sometime_o endeavour_v to_o find_v by_o trial_n what_o beeflong_o expose_v to_o freeze_v and_o differ_o thaw_v will_v teach_v i_o by_o way_n of_o confirmation_n of_o this_o tradition_n but_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o unseasonable_a remove_n from_o the_o place_n where_o i_o make_v my_o trial_n they_o do_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n afford_v i_o the_o satisfaction_n i_o desire_v but_o meet_v with_o a_o intelligent_a person_n that_o have_v be_v a_o housekeeper_n in_o muscovy_n and_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n about_o this_o matter_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v once_o have_v two_o very_a large_a cheese_n freeze_v he_o thaw_v one_o of_o they_o in_o water_n and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o stove_n but_o find_v that_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v much_o the_o better_a way_n of_o the_o two_o and_o i_o be_v well_o please_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o he_o that_o the_o cheese_n thaw_v in_o water_n do_v soon_o acquire_v therein_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n 14._o but_o more_o memorable_a be_v that_o relation_n which_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o experience_a chirurgeon_n hildanus_n treatise_n of_o gangrene_n where_o he_o relate_v from_o credible_a testimony_n how_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a case_v all_o over_o with_o ice_n by_o be_v handle_v as_o our_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v his_o own_o word_n because_o the_o narrative_n may_v prove_v of_o some_o use_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v and_o they_o be_v these_o narravit_fw-la mihi_fw-la vir_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobilis_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la 10._o dignus_fw-la se_fw-la cum_fw-la eas_fw-la regiones_fw-la peragraret_fw-la incidisse_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_o viatorem_fw-la secundum_fw-la viam_fw-la frigore_fw-la rigidum_fw-la ac_fw-la pene_fw-la mortuum_fw-la quem_fw-la plaustro_fw-la svo_fw-la impositum_fw-la cum_fw-la deduxisset_fw-la in_o diversorium_fw-la hospes_fw-la illico_fw-la demersit_fw-la in_o frigidam_fw-la quo_fw-la facto_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la ita_fw-la erupit_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsius_fw-la corpus_fw-la glacie_n seu_fw-la ferreo_fw-la thorace_fw-la contectum_fw-la conspiceretur_fw-la tum_o quoque_fw-la propinatum_fw-la illi_fw-la aiebat_fw-la cyathum_fw-la ampliorem_fw-la hydromelitis_n quo_fw-la illi_fw-la seu_fw-la potu_fw-la ordinario_fw-la utuntur_fw-la addito_fw-la pulve_n re_fw-la cinamomi_fw-la caryophyllorum_fw-la &_o macis_n unde_fw-la sudor_fw-la in_o lecto_fw-la provocatus_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la aegrum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la rediisse_fw-la amissis_fw-la do_fw-la axat_fw-la manuum_fw-la &_o pedum_fw-la extremis_fw-la articulis_fw-la hinc_fw-la intelligimus_fw-la hanc_fw-la methodum_fw-la sanandi_fw-la congelatos_fw-la veram_fw-la ac_fw-la tutam_fw-la esse_fw-la ac_fw-la eam_fw-la etiam_fw-la probat_fw-la summus_n philosophus_fw-la qui_fw-la regiones_fw-la illas_fw-la frequentavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n 15._o the_o experiment_n deliver_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o title_n of_o speedy_o produce_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n by_o immerse_v they_o in_o cold_a water_n i_o take_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o two_o or_o three_o most_o illustrious_a i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o about_o congelation_n and_o as_o likely_a as_o any_o to_o assist_v we_o to_o investigate_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o but_o though_o the_o phaenomena_n seem_v very_o favourable_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n that_o suppose_v congelation_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o the_o water_n or_o other_o body_n to_o be_v congeal_v yet_o for_o some_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o offer_v to_o draw_v any_o speculative_a inference_n from_o the_o experiment_n content_v myself_o to_o have_v here_o and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o section_n hint_v in_o transitu_fw-la the_o hopefulness_n of_o its_o prove_v luciferous_a 16._o but_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o title_n of_o this_o section_n promise_v something_o concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o other_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o egg_n and_o apple_n by_o cold_a but_o as_o that_o intimate_v promise_n make_v the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o title_n so_o what_o i_o have_v to_o deliver_v on_o this_o subject_n must_v not_o be_v expect_v to_o be_v other_o than_o the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o section_n and_o indeed_o to_o be_v able_a to_o add_v much_o to_o that_o little_a which_o be_v general_o know_v about_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v either_o have_v live_v in_o cold_a climate_n than_o we_o or_o have_v have_v which_o i_o have_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v experiment_n that_o require_v length_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o propose_v a_o general_a consideration_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o subjoin_v a_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a observation_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o navigator_n or_o other_o about_o it_o that_o then_o which_o i_o will_v premise_v in_o general_a be_v only_o this_o that_o whether_o body_n be_v srozen_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n which_o by_o their_o intrude_a in_o swarm_n can_v scarce_o avoid_v discompose_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o recess_n of_o some_o matter_n that_o do_v before_o congelation_n more_o strong_o agitate_v its_o part_n which_o way_n soever_o i_o say_v freeze_a be_v effect_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o freeze_a body_n be_v at_o least_o for_o the_o time_n much_o alter_v and_o therefore_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o place_v it_o among_o our_o general_a article_n of_o inquiry_n about_o cold_a what_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o may_v be_v as_o to_o the_o conservation_n or_o destruction_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o body_n but_o as_o for_o the_o due_o prosecute_a this_o inquiry_n we_o do_v as_o we_o late_o intimate_v want_v the_o time_n and_o conveniency_n we_o judge_v needful_a for_o such_o a_o work_n the_o matter_n seem_v to_o require_v that_o it_o be_v watchful_o and_o considerate_o manage_v and_o that_o both_o the_o nature_n of_o
generate_v fasten_v itself_o as_o on_o other_o occasion_n we_o declare_v very_o strong_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n contiguous_a to_o its_o edge_n as_o the_o liquor_n freeze_v deep_a and_o deep_o this_o crust_n of_o ice_n increase_v in_o thickness_n and_o strength_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v include_v as_o in_o a_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v betwixt_o this_o ice_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n every_o where_o else_o and_o consequent_o the_o remain_a water_n be_v uncapable_a of_o congelation_n without_o expansion_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v strong_a enough_o at_o the_o top_n to_o make_v it_o easy_a for_o the_o expansive_a endeavour_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n to_o crack_v the_o side_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n then_o to_o force_v up_o that_o thick_a cake_n of_o ice_n the_o vessel_n will_v be_v break_v how_o much_o soever_o there_o be_v of_o it_o empty_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o these_o two_o particular_n the_o one_o that_o when_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o broad_a vessel_n which_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v break_v or_o stretch_v by_o the_o frost_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n will_v be_v convex_a or_o protuberant_a because_o that_o though_o the_o glaciation_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n the_o thickness_n and_o compactness_n of_o the_o vessel_n make_v it_o easy_o for_o the_o expansive_a endeavour_n to_o thrust_v up_o that_o cake_n of_o ice_n in_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v the_o remote_a from_o the_o side_n whereunto_o they_o be_v strong_o fasten_v then_o to_o break_v so_o solid_a a_o vessel_n 6._o the_o other_o particular_a be_v afford_v we_o by_o that_o experiment_n of_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o vth_z title_n forego_v wherein_o if_o a_o vessel_n half_n full_a of_o water_n be_v make_v to_o freeze_v not_o first_o at_o the_o top_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n that_o liquor_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o ice_n without_o danger_n to_o the_o glass_n but_o we_o will_v now_o add_v a_o experiment_n on_o who_o occasion_n we_o have_v set_v down_o these_o consideration_n for_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n stop_v will_v preserve_v it_o expanded_a or_o at_o least_o keep_v it_o from_o considerable_o shrink_v notwithstanding_o a_o very_a great_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o case_n the_o vessel_n be_v strong_a and_o close_o enough_o to_o fence_v it_o from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n we_o conjecture_v that_o the_o bare_a weight_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n add_v to_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o break_v much_o weak_a glass_n than_o those_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o partly_o to_o satisfy_v some_o ingenious_a man_n that_o this_o conjecture_n make_v i_o dissent_v from_o and_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o peripatetic_n and_o those_o that_o adhere_v to_o they_o in_o the_o question_n under_o consideration_n that_o either_o the_o cold_a alone_n can_v always_o as_o they_o teach_v we_o contract_v the_o air_n or_o that_o if_o it_o do_v the_o break_n of_o well_o stop_v glass_n in_o frosty_a weather_n be_v much_o fit_a to_o evince_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n then_o that_o there_o can_v be_v none_o we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 7._o we_o take_v three_o glass-bubble_n of_o differ_v shape_n and_o size_n which_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n that_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n very_o favourable_a for_o our_o adversary_n we_o may_v have_v they_o much_o thin_a and_o consequent_o weak_a than_o those_o glass_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v liquor_n in_o and_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v break_v though_o they_o be_v not_o full_a by_o the_o frost_n these_o bubble_n when_o the_o air_n be_v at_o a_o convenient_a temper_n within_o 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claret-wine_n and_o if_o thrust_v down_o into_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n they_o nimble_o enough_o emerge_v 6._o whether_o or_o no_o chemical_a oil_n though_o like_v express_v oil_n they_o shrink_v with_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v by_o congelation_n be_v like_v they_o contract_v or_o like_o aqueous_a liquor_n expanded_a we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o by_o experiment_n because_o we_o be_v unable_a to_o advance_v cold_a to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o bring_v such_o oil_n to_o congelation_n only_o we_o have_v thought_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v with_o water_n in_o a_o limbeck_n in_o regard_n that_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a liquor_n and_o as_o chemist_n call_v it_o a_o essential_a oil_n and_o though_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n and_o at_o some_o other_o season_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a it_o will_v remain_v fluid_a yet_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v 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a_o very_a frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v burst_v the_o bottle_n though_o its_o matter_n be_v metalline_a and_o though_o purposely_o for_o this_o trial_n we_o have_v choose_v it_o quite_o new_a the_o crack_n appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o pewter_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o bottle_n fill_v with_o ice_n that_o have_v crack_v it_o which_o a_o noble_a virtuoso_fw-la will_v needs_o make_v i_o who_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v to_o amuse_v with_o such_o a_o trifle_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o virtuoso_fw-la bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o show_v itself_o in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v real_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n 3._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o a_o much_o small_a quantity_n of_o 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have_v teach_v i_o preserve_v ice_n and_o snow_n for_o a_o very_a long_a time_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n a_o eminent_a instance_n to_o confirm_v what_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o forego_n section_n be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o conservatory_n wherein_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v keep_v all_o the_o summer_n long_o of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v in_o italy_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o suppose_v i_o have_v the_o command_n of_o some_o italian_a and_o other_o book_n wherein_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o the_o dimension_n and_o other_o circumstance_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o my_o find_v my_o expectation_n disappoint_v by_o those_o book_n make_v i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o subjoin_v somewhat_o about_o thing_n that_o may_v give_v we_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o multitude_n of_o experiment_n about_o cold._n and_o therefore_o meet_v the_o other_o day_n by_o good_a chance_n with_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n his_o inquisitive_a travel_n and_o his_o insight_n into_o the_o more_o polite_a kind_n of_o knowledge_n and_o particular_o architecture_n make_v i_o desire_v and_o expect_v of_o he_o that_o account_v of_o the_o italian_a way_n of_o make_v conservatory_n of_o snow_n that_o i_o have_v miss_v of_o in_o several_a author_n and_o have_v ready_o obtain_v my_o desire_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v not_o injure_v so_o just_o esteem_v a_o style_n as_o he_o to_o deliver_v his_o description_n in_o any_o other_o word_n than_o those_o ensue_a one_o wherein_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o he_o the_o snow_n pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a and_o occidental_a sun_n 25._o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50._o in_o depth_n be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v his_o majesty_n at_o greenwich_n new_o make_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o castle-hill_n be_v as_o i_o remember_v steen_v with_o brick_n and_o hardly_o so_o wide_o at_o the_o mouth_n steen_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tressle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o kind_n of_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_v be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o a_o dormer_n and_o thatch_v and_o so_o it_o be_v complete_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o while_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o on_o that_o snow_n beat_v as_o before_o and_o so_o continue_v a_o bed_n of_o straw_n and_o a_o bed_n of_o snow_n s._n s._n s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a to_o the_o brim_n final_o they_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n for_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v both_o a_o competent_a thickness_n over_o all_o and_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o weather_n may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o very_a bottom_n be_v but_o slight_o steen_v those_o who_o be_v most_o circumspect_a and_o curious_a preserve_v a_o tall_a circle_n of_o shady_a tree_n about_o the_o pit_n which_o may_v rather_o shade_v then_o drip_v upon_o it_o thus_o far_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n account_n of_o conservatory_n of_o snow_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o may_v add_v what_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o nova_n zembla_n voyage_n relate_v namely_o that_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o of_o june_n though_o it_o be_v fair_a sunshiny_a weather_n yet_o the_o heat_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n to_o afford_v they_o water_n to_o drink_v and_o that_o in_o spite_n of_o their_o be_v reduce_v to_o put_v snow_n into_o their_o mouth_n to_o melt_v it_o down_o into_o their_o throat_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o endure_v great_a thirst_n but_o because_o it_o be_v in_o so_o cold_a a_o climate_n that_o this_o duration_n of_o the_o snow_n be_v observe_v i_o shall_v rather_o take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n even_o of_o warm_a climate_n though_o the_o snow_n do_v partly_o melt_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v less_o considerable_a the_o top_n will_v even_o then_o remain_v cover_v with_o snow_n as_o we_o among_o many_o other_o have_v in_o those_o country_n observe_v and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n deliver_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o 16._o title_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o passage_n which_o have_v unexspected_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o unlikely_a place_n of_o captain_n james_n voyage_n i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o leave_v unmentioned_a here_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a artificial_a observation_n that_o i_o yet_o meet_v with_o concern_v the_o last_a of_o ice_n and_o so_o may_v recommend_v to_o we_o the_o ingenuity_n of_o a_o author_n who_o testimony_n we_o somewhat_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o but_o because_o the_o observation_n be_v in_o itself_o remarkable_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o place_n may_v serve_v for_o the_o purpose_n we_o allege_v it_o our_o navigator_n 101._o word_n be_v these_o i_o have_v in_o july_n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o august_n take_v some_o of_o the_o ice_n into_o the_o ship_n and_o cut_v it_o square_n two_o foot_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o boat_n where_o the_o sun_n do_v shine_v on_o it_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a reflex_n about_o it_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o we_o keep_v a_o good_a fire_n and_o our_o breathe_n and_o motion_n it_o will_v not_o melt_v in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n and_o it_o be_v also_o considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n what_o the_o same_o author_n elsewhere_o have_v about_o the_o durableness_n of_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o yet_o thaw_v at_o the_o begin_n 〈◊〉_d of_o june_n for_o the_o ground_n say_v he_o be_v yet_o freeze_v and_o thus_o much_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n in_o the_o bury_n of_o our_o man_n in_o set_v up_o the_o king_n standard_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n and_o by_o our_o well_n at_o our_o come_n away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n at_o which_o time_n upon_o the_o land_n for_o some_o other_o reason_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a weather_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n touch_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o the_o dispute_n which_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v very_o well_o know_v among_o naturalist_n some_o contend_v for_o the_o earth_n other_o for_o the_o water_n other_o for_o the_o air_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_n for_o nitre_n but_o all_o seem_a to_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v some_o body_n or_o other_o that_o be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n supreme_o cold_a and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o all_o other_o cold_a body_n obtain_v that_o quality_n 2._o but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o before_o man_n have_v so_o hot_o dispute_v which_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o will_v have_v do_v well_o to_o inquire_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n or_o no_o in_o the_o sense_n new_o express_v for_o though_o i_o make_v some_o scruple_n resolute_o to_o contradict_v such_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n as_o agree_v in_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v yet_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v not_o irrational_o question_v and_o that_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o account_n 3._o for_o first_o it_o be_v disputable_a enough_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o see_v whether_o can_v be_v as_o they_o speak_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o a_o bare_a privation_n of_o heat_n and_o till_o this_o question_n be_v determine_v it_o will_v be_v somewhat_o improper_a to_o wrangle_v sollicitous_o which_o may_v be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o if_o a_o body_n be_v cold_a signify_v no_o more_o then_o it_o be_v not_o have_v its_o insensible_a part_n so_o much_o agitate_a as_o those_o of_o our_o sensory_n by_o which_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o judge_v of_o tactile_a
nitre_n alone_o without_o speak_v of_o either_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o other_o place_n not_o only_o his_o word_n seem_v to_o import_v that_o contentam_fw-la notwithstanding_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o other_o ingredient_n the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n expire_a out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o water_n be_v they_o that_o make_v it_o freeze_v but_o the_o exigence_n of_o his_o discourse_n seem_v to_o require_v such_o a_o interpretation_n for_o to_o say_v it_o be_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o ice_n or_o snow_n that_o freeze_v the_o water_n they_o invade_v be_v no_o better_a than_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o beside_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n lodge_v in_o snow_n and_o ice_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v since_o these_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v water_n before_o they_o be_v congeal_v to_o grant_v what_o his_o explication_n suppose_v about_o ice_n and_o snow_n be_v to_o grant_v in_o effect_n that_o nitre_n alone_o without_o ice_n or_o snow_n can_v turn_v water_n into_o ice_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o experience_n warrant_v we_o late_o to_o deny_v and_o if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o experiment_n the_o mix_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o ice_n or_o the_o snow_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a to_o evince_v what_o shall_v be_v prove_v for_o if_o instead_o of_o nitre_n you_o take_v sea-salt_n or_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nay_o the_o inflammable_a part_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v and_o yet_o i_o think_v gassendus_fw-la will_v not_o have_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o these_o body_n to_o be_v frigorifick_a like_o those_o of_o nitre_n which_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n which_o be_v employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v add_v as_o a_o distinct_a ingredient_n to_o the_o ice_n or_o to_o the_o snow_n be_v the_o efficient_n of_o the_o congelation_n 25._o have_v thus_o examine_v gassendus_fw-la he_o experiment_n we_o will_v now_o as_o our_o next_o and_o last_o argument_n touch_v this_o subject_n subjoin_v our_o own_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o our_o note_n some_o of_o which_o follow_v in_o these_o word_n 26._o as_o cold_a as_o they_o think_v salt-petre_a to_o be_v who_o teach_v its_o spirituous_a part_n to_o be_v the_o grand_a and_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v ice_n ready_o enough_o as_o well_o as_o sea-salt_n etc._n etc._n be_v wont_a to_o do_v as_o we_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o roch_v petre_n mingle_v with_o ice_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n wander_v in_o the_o air_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o single_a vial_n wherein_o we_o make_v the_o experiment_n which_o the_o ice_n alone_o will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o have_v place_v some_o 〈◊〉_d sie_a beat_a nitre_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n in_o little_a heap_n here_o and_o there_o upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n we_o manifest_o find_v they_o to_o sink_v into_o the_o ice_n which_o argue_v their_o dissolve_v it_o and_o have_v put_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o a_o thick_a and_o smooth_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o find_v that_o it_o have_v 〈◊〉_d a_o hole_n quite_o through_o it_o while_o the_o surround_v part_n of_o the_o ice_n remain_v of_o a_o good_a thickness_n 27._o we_o take_v a_o large_a single_a vial_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o as_o much_o roch_v petre_n as_o by_o keep_v it_o a_o good_a while_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n we_o can_v dissolve_v in_o it_o of_o which_o one_o mark_n be_v that_o there_o remain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o salt_n entire_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n this_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n during_o a_o extreme_o sharp_a night_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o day_n the_o solution_n be_v 〈◊〉_d so_o hard_o to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v break_v the_o glass_n we_o can_v hardly_o break_v the_o include_v mass_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n there_o 〈◊〉_d pear_v some_o liquor_n with_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n well_o figure_v that_o seem_v to_o have_v shoot_v in_o it_o and_o argue_v the_o water_n to_o be_v sufficient_o impreguate_v with_o the_o salt_n 28._o as_o for_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o nitre_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o their_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a can_v be_v judge_v by_o distillation_n and_o by_o weather-glass_n they_o be_v not_o actual_o more_o cold_a than_o some_o other_o liquor_n and_o appear_v rather_o to_o be_v potential_o 〈◊〉_d then_o cold_a at_o least_o they_o seem_v indispose_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n since_o we_o have_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n will_v ready_o enough_o turn_v ice_n into_o water_n 29._o these_o three_o forego_v 〈◊〉_d show_v that_o salt-petre_a be_v no_o such_o 〈◊〉_d derful_o cold_a body_n but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v other_o cold_a as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v water_n which_o nitre_n can_v not_o congeal_v nay_o they_o manifest_a that_o nitre_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient_a of_o ice_n do_v thaw_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o so_o seem_v at_o least_o in_o reference_n to_o it_o to_o be_v rather_o hot_a then_o cold_a 30._o i_o shall_v now_o add_v one_o note_n more_o to_o show_v it_o do_v not_o always_o make_v water_n so_o much_o as_o equal_o cold_a with_o the_o common_a air_n the_o experiment_n i_o find_v thus_o record_v 31._o we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n 1._o and_o by_o a_o little_a pulley_n fasten_v to_o a_o frame_n suspend_v it_o in_o a_o solution_n of_o roch'd-petre_n as_o strong_a as_o we_o can_v make_v it_o without_o heat_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o have_v continue_v some_o day_n undissolved_a in_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o beer-glass_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n after_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n have_v be_v suspend_v in_o this_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n cold_o than_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v a_o cloudy_a and_o windy_a day_n and_o betwixt_o the_o hour_n of_o 11._o and_o 12._o though_o both_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o it_o have_v stand_v some_o day_n in_o the_o same_o place_n i_o lift_v up_o the_o glass_n out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o string_n it_o hang_v by_o that_o i_o may_v not_o touch_v it_o with_o my_o warm_a hand_n and_o find_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o descend_v by_o degree_n about_o two_o division_n which_o be_v eight_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o by_o the_o string_n lift_v up_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o put_v again_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n under_o it_o the_o include_v liquor_n be_v impel_v up_o again_o two_o division_n and_o sometime_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o the_o more_o full_o i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n several_a time_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o include_v liquor_n usual_o ascend_v the_o first_o division_n so_o fast_o that_o the_o eye_n can_v perceive_v its_o progress_n and_o that_o the_o ascent_n upon_o the_o immersion_n in_o the_o dissolve_v nitre_n be_v discernable_o quick_a than_o the_o descent_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n into_o the_o open_a air_n though_o the_o space_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o be_v about_o either_o two_o division_n or_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a 32._o if_o it_o be_v here_o demand_v what_o then_o i_o think_v of_o the_o frigifactive_a virtue_n of_o nitre_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o full_o satisfy_v myself_o concern_v it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o deny_v that_o among_o divers_a other_o body_n that_o upon_o several_a occasion_n exhale_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n those_o corpuscle_n that_o be_v of_o a_o nitrous_a nature_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n well_o qualify_v to_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n and_o i_o be_o not_o indispose_v to_o think_v that_o there_o may_v be_v store_n of_o little_a saline_a body_n of_o kin_n to_o nitre_n that_o especial_o at_o certain_a time_n 〈◊〉_d in_o great_a multitude_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o that_o this_o aerial_a salt_n which_o some_o modern_n call_v volatile_a nitre_n shall_v be_v true_a and_o perfect_a salt-petre_a be_v more_o than_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o and_o that_o this_o salt_n alone_o shall_v be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v more_o than_o as_o yet_o i_o be_o convince_v of_o especial_o since_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o have_v see_v many_o concretes_n dig_v out_o who_o very_a name_n and_o
outside_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a even_o to_o chemist_n themselves_o divers_a other_o body_n beside_o salt-petre_a who_o steam_n may_v have_v a_o power_n of_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n as_o great_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o quantity_n as_o those_o of_o salt-petre_a and_o since_o common_a salt_n in_o artificial_a glaciation_n be_v find_v to_o cooperate_v as_o powerful_o as_o salt-petre_a itself_o and_o since_o it_o be_v undeniable_o a_o body_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o abound_v be_v exceed_o diffuse_v i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o aswell_o esteem_v that_o kind_n of_o salt_n among_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o small_a corpuscle_n our_o eye_n discern_v of_o sea-salt_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v though_o not_o exact_o of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o figure_n 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hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v discourse_v thus_o long_o against_o the_o admit_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n once_o more_o that_o my_o design_n in_o play_v the_o sceptic_a on_o this_o subject_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o reject_v other_o man_n probable_a opinion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la as_o absolute_o false_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o doubtful_a title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a section_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o yet_o i_o can_v ready_o yield_v my_o assent_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o who_o have_v write_v before_o and_o since_o he_o that_o the_o air_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a that_o be_v neither_o cold_a nor_o hot_a but_o as_o 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the_o learned_a man_n i_o be_v name_v ascribe_v its_o heat_n and_o cold_a it_o will_v constitute_v a_o fluid_a which_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o minuteness_n of_o its_o part_n or_o their_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_o vehement_a motion_n will_v less_o affect_v the_o sensory_a of_o feel_v than_o the_o internal_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o body_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o so_o it_o will_v appear_v actual_o cold_a nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o all_o liquor_n much_o less_o all_o fluid_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o agitate_a as_o the_o blood_n and_o vital_a humour_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n as_o we_o see_v to_o omit_v what_o in_o the_o last_o section_n be_v mention_v about_o new_o emit_v urine_n and_o to_o skip_v other_o obvious_a instance_n in_o those_o fish_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o blood_n and_o analogous_a juice_n be_v always_o and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n which_o pass_v for_o their_o natural_a state_n actual_o cold_a to_o our_o touch._n and_o i_o see_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o conceive_v the_o air_n even_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n at_o least_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o natural_a state_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n of_o cold_a fluid_n for_o as_o to_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o namely_o that_o as_o we_o see_v the_o air_n to_o be_v easy_o heat_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n so_o we_o see_v it_o as_o easy_o refrigerated_a by_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o northerly_a wind_n and_o other_o efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o that_o heat_n and_o cold_a reign_n in_o it_o by_o turn_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n this_o only_o prove_v what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o air_n be_v easy_o susceptible_a at_o several_a time_n of_o both_o these_o contrary_a quality_n but_o it_o do_v not_o show_v that_o one_o be_v not_o more_o connatural_a to_o it_o than_o the_o other_o as_o we_o see_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v easy_o deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o reduce_v to_o be_v fluid_a again_o by_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n and_o yet_o according_a to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o fluidity_n not_o firmness_n be_v the_o natural_a quality_n of_o water_n but_o this_o be_v not_o that_o which_o i_o lie_v most_o weight_n upon_o for_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v manifest_a and_o acknowledge_v by_o these_o learned_a man_n themselves_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v adventitious_a to_o it_o and_o communicate_v by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o fire_n or_o by_o some_o other_o agent_n natural_o productive_a of_o heat_n as_o well_o in_o other_o body_n as_o the_o air_n and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o upon_o the_o bare_a absence_n for_o aught_o else_o that_o appear_v of_o the_o sun_n or_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o removal_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o heat_n the_o air_n will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n be_v reduce_v to_o coldness_n whereas_o that_o there_o be_v swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n from_o which_o all_o its_o coldness_n proceed_v be_v but_o a_o hypothesis_n of_o their_o own_o far_o from_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o and_o not_o hitherto_o that_o i_o know_v of_o prove_v by_o any_o fit_a experiment_n or_o cogent_a reason_n and_o though_o in_o some_o case_n i_o be_o not_o adverse_a to_o the_o admit_v such_o corpuscle_n as_o may_v in_o a_o sense_n be_v style_v frigorifick_a yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o they_o in_o case_n where_o such_o a_o bare_a cessation_n or_o lessen_v of_o former_a motion_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v ascribe_v to_o manifest_a cause_n may_v serve_v the_o turn_n as_o to_o a_o sensible_a for_o
that_o treat_v of_o ice_n yet_o two_o or_o three_o notable_a instance_n which_o we_o do_v not_o elsewhere_o mention_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n 7._o the_o first_o declare_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o man_n mouth_n his_o spittle_n may_v be_v freeze_v even_o there_o the_o 27._o of_o september_n they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o gerat_fw-la 491._o de_fw-fr veer_v it_o blow_v hard_a north-east_n and_o it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o as_o we_o put_v a_o nail_n into_o our_o mouth_n as_o when_o man_n work_v carpenter_n work_v they_o use_v to_o do_v there_o will_v ice_n hang_v thereon_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o again_o and_o make_v the_o blood_n follow_v the_o like_a relation_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o a_o modern_a english_a navigator_n and_o it_o be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o more_o strange_a than_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n ambassador_n to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n say_v doctor_n fletcher_n speak_v of_o muscovia_n if_o you_o hold_v a_o pewter_n dish_n or_o pot_n in_o your_o hand_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n except_o in_o some_o chamber_n where_o their_o warm_a stove_n be_v your_o finger_n will_v stick_v fast_o to_o it_o and_o draw_v off_o the_o skin_n at_o the_o part_n 8._o the_o other_o instance_n i_o intend_v to_o mention_v be_v this_o that_o though_o macrobius_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a will_v not_o allow_v salt_n water_n to_o be_v congealable_a yet_o the_o dutch_a at_o nova_n zembla_n relate_v that_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n and_o a_o the_o marginal_a note_n say_v in_o a_o night_n it_o freeze_v two_o inch_n thick_a in_o the_o salt_n water_n 491._o 9_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o violent_a cold_n upon_o the_o earth_n what_o they_o will_v prove_v upon_o pure_a and_o elementary_a earth_n if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v i_o can_v but_o conjecture_v but_o as_o for_o that_o impure_a or_o mingle_a earth_n which_o we_o common_o tread_v on_o the_o effect_n of_o extreme_a cold_a upon_o that_o may_v be_v very_o notable_a for_o olearius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o the_o cold_a be_v so_o bitter_a at_o musco_n that_o in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n he_o see_v the_o ground_n open_v by_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v make_v a_o cleave_v of_o many_o yard_n long_o and_o a_o foot_n broad_a and_n the_o present_a great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o such_o relation_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v in_o those_o part_n see_v the_o ground_n reduce_v by_o the_o cold_a to_o gape_v so_o wide_a that_o a_o child_n head_n may_v well_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o cleave_a 10._o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o extreme_a cold_a of_o winter_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o like_a effect_n but_o whether_o to_o make_v these_o gape_a chink_n that_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v first_o freeze_v be_v afterward_o break_a by_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o moist_a earth_n underneath_o to_o which_o the_o cold_a at_o length_n pierce_v and_o congeal_v it_o make_v it_o swell_v and_o heave_v and_o so_o burst_v or_o cleave_v the_o hard_a and_o freeze_a crust_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o can_v sufficient_o yield_v to_o it_o whether_o this_o i_o say_v may_v produce_v the_o cleft_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o or_o whether_o they_o must_v be_v derive_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n not_o have_v yet_o make_v the_o experiment_n i_o think_v upon_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n one_o way_n or_o other_o i_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o pretend_v to_o determine_v but_o will_v rather_o subjoin_v the_o second_o observation_n i_o purpose_v to_o mention_v of_o a_o strange_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o often_o quote_v three_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n in_o one_o place_n of_o which_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o they_o have_v build_v they_o a_o wooden_a house_n and_o be_v go_v to_o 491._o shut_v themselves_o up_o in_o it_o for_o the_o winter_n they_o make_v a_o great_a fire_n without_o the_o house_n therewith_o to_o thaw_v the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v so_o lay_v it_o viz._n the_o wood_n about_o the_o house_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o close_o but_o it_o be_v all_o lose_a labour_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o hard_o and_o freeze_v so_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o can_v not_o thaw_v it_o and_o it_o will_v have_v cost_v they_o too_o much_o wood_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v off_o that_o labour_n 11._o after_o what_o we_o have_v say_v about_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o effect_n upon_o confess_o compound_a body_n whether_o inanimate_a or_o live_a but_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o mix_v body_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o have_v not_o life_n it_o will_v not_o be_v necessary_a to_o say_v much_o in_o this_o section_n in_o regard_n that_o we_o have_v in_o many_o other_o place_n upon_o several_a occasion_n have_v opportunity_n to_o mention_v already_o most_o of_o the_o particular_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o head_n for_o we_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o violent_a cold_n will_v freeze_v beer_n ale_n vinegar_n oil_n common_a wine_n and_o even_o sack_n and_o alicant_n themselves_o we_o have_v likewise_o note_v that_o the_o cold_a may_v have_v a_o notable_a operation_n upon_o wood_n brick_n stone_n vessel_n of_o glass_n earth_n and_o even_o pewter_n and_o iron_n themselves_o to_o which_o bartholinus_n out_o of_o janus_n munck_n voyage_n to_o greenland_n allow_v we_o to_o add_v vessel_n of_o brass_n though_o these_o be_v not_o immediate_o break_v by_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o include_v liquor_n which_o it_o dilate_v and_o divers_a strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o inanimate_a body_n which_o it_o be_v here_o troublesome_a to_o recapitulate_v may_v be_v meet_v with_o disperse_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o present_a history_n wherefore_o have_v only_o intimate_v in_o general_a that_o though_o many_o plant_n be_v preserve_v by_o a_o moderate_a cold_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o most_o garden-plant_n be_v destroy_v by_o excessive_a degree_n of_o it_o we_o will_v pass_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o animal_n and_o of_o the_o many_o observation_n that_o we_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o traveller_n concern_v this_o subject_n we_o shall_v to_o avoid_v prolixity_n deliver_v only_o the_o considerabl_a and_o those_o that_o we_o find_v attest_v by_o very_o credible_a writer_n 12._o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o the_o last_o of_o the_o three_o difference_n he_o make_v of_o cold_a namely_o that_o which_o he_o and_o his_o company_n feel_v in_o the_o wood_n give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o as_o for_o the_o last_o it_o 64._o will_v be_v so_o extreme_a that_o it_o be_v not_o endurable_a no_o clothes_n be_v proof_n against_o it_o no_o motion_n can_v resist_v it_o it_o will_v moreover_o so_o freeze_v the_o hair_n of_o our_o eyelid_n that_o we_o can_v not_o see_v and_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v have_v stifle_v a_o man_n in_o a_o very_a few_o hour_n 13._o olearius_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o air_n of_o muscovy_n and_o especial_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o the_o cold_a say_v he_o be_v there_o so_o violent_a that_o no_o 117._o fur_n can_v hinder_v it_o but_o sometime_o man_n nose_n and_o ear_n foot_n and_o hand_n will_v be_v freeze_v and_o all_o fall_v off_o he_o add_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o when_o he_o be_v there_o they_o can_v not_o go_v 50._o pace_n without_o be_v benumb_v with_o cold_a and_o in_o danger_n of_o lose_v some_o of_o their_o limb_n and_o yet_o to_o add_v that_o remarkable_a observation_n upon_o the_o by_o the_o same_o author_n near_o the_o same_o place_n speak_v of_o musco_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n say_v that_o the_o air_n 116._o be_v good_a and_o healthy_a so_o that_o there_o one_o scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o the_o plague_n or_o any_o other_o epidemical_a disease_n and_o he_o add_v that_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o plague_n make_v havoc_n in_o that_o great_a city_n the_o thing_n be_v very_o surprise_v nothing_o like_o it_o have_v be_v see_v there_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n 14._o our_o already_o divers_a time_n mention_v english_a
have_v suffice_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n and_o also_o after_o they_o have_v be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a air._n but_o the_o paper_n in_o which_o we_o register_v the_o event_n of_o these_o trial_n have_v be_v mislay_v i_o dare_v not_o charge_v my_o memory_n with_o the_o particular_n only_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o stone_n seem_v to_o have_v increase_v in_o weight_n after_o have_v be_v bury_v in_o our_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o i_o be_v apt_a to_o impute_v to_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o ice_n resolve_v into_o water_n by_o the_o salt_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v perhaps_o make_v more_o pierce_a by_o the_o saline_a particle_n associate_v with_o they_o imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o stone_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o experiment_n that_o i_o then_o want_v conveniency_n to_o try_v myself_o to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n upon_o a_o stone_n hard_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o good_a polish_v i_o be_v by_o he_o inform_v that_o the_o stone_n by_o have_v be_v keep_v a_o while_n in_o water_n do_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o wipe_v dry_a discover_v a_o manifest_a increase_n of_o weight_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o my_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o from_o a_o sort_n of_o stone_n that_o be_v of_o a_o texture_n close_a enough_o to_o be_v usual_o polish_a i_o do_v as_o i_o expect_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n and_o that_o without_o a_o naked_a fire_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o a_o almost_o insipid_a liquor_n which_o i_o suspect_v to_o be_v in_o good_a part_n but_o water_n soak_v into_o the_o stone_n for_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n here_o to_o discourse_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o my_o mention_v these_o particular_n be_v that_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v make_v those_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o try_v such_o experiment_n cautious_a how_o they_o draw_v inference_n from_o they_o and_o may_v invite_v they_o to_o expose_v the_o body_n they_o will_v make_v trial_n of_o rather_o to_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o free_a air_n in_o very_o sharp_a weather_n for_o want_n of_o which_o we_o ourselves_o can_v not_o do_v what_o we_o advise_v then_o to_o artificial_a glaciation_n at_o least_o unless_o they_o be_v so_o order_v that_o nothing_o that_o be_v moist_a come_v to_o touch_v the_o body_n to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o 14._o but_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o new_o mention_v and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n we_o must_v leave_v to_o be_v prosecute_v by_o those_o that_o be_v furnish_v with_o accurate_a scale_n and_o leisure_n for_o want_v of_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o and_o sometime_o too_o of_o the_o former_a we_o be_v fain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o pursuit_n of_o they_o which_o trouble_v we_o the_o less_o because_o those_o make_v with_o the_o seal_a vial_n be_v diligent_o make_v and_o as_o for_o divers_a other_o we_o make_v they_o as_o we_o be_v say_v more_o to_o be_v able_a to_o gratify_v other_o then_o to_o satisfy_v ourselves_o because_o though_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v unquestionable_o appear_v some_o sensible_a increase_n or_o decrement_n of_o weight_n upon_o that_o which_o the_o atomist_n will_v call_v the_o accession_n or_o expiration_n of_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n it_o will_v afford_v a_o plausible_a argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o epicurean_a doctrine_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o ice_n yet_o if_o no_o such_o change_n of_o weight_n shall_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o freeze_a or_o the_o thaw_v of_o water_n or_o any_o other_o body_n i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o may_v on_o the_o contrary_a be_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o atomist_n theory_n of_o cold_a be_v false_a for_o possible_o they_o may_v pretend_v that_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a may_v not_o have_v either_o gravity_n or_o levity_n any_o more_o than_o the_o steam_n of_o electrical_a body_n or_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o loadstone_n nay_o though_o we_o shall_v admit_v the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n not_o to_o be_v altogether_o devoid_a of_o gravity_n it_o may_v yet_o be_v say_v that_o when_o they_o invade_v the_o body_n they_o freeze_v they_o expel_v thence_o some_o other_o preexistent_a atom_n that_o may_v also_o have_v some_o little_a weight_n and_o that_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n that_o fly_v or_o be_v drive_v away_o may_v be_v succeed_v by_o some_o such_o when_o body_n come_v to_o be_v thaw_v but_o of_o this_o no_o more_o at_o present_a appendix_n to_o the_o xx._n title_n the_o experiment_n record_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n may_v perchance_o in_o this_o regard_n prove_v more_o useful_a than_o i_o be_v aware_a of_o that_o they_o may_v keep_v man_n from_o be_v mislead_v by_o the_o contrary_a account_n that_o i_o find_v to_o have_v be_v give_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n and_o water_n by_o no_o obscure_a writer_n for_o to_o spare_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a of_o the_o ancient_n helmont_n in_o the_o treatise_n he_o call_v gas_n aquae_n where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o congelation_n of_o water_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v unintelligible_a enough_o to_o i_o and_o where_o he_o be_v please_v to_o ascribe_v to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o extenuation_n of_o part_n of_o the_o sulphur_n he_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o water_n that_o levity_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o bubble_n it_o contain_v afford_v we_o a_o intelligible_a and_o ready_a account_n of_o deliver_v very_o positive_o this_o experiment_n imple_a say_v he_o lagenam_fw-la 35._o vitream_fw-la &_o magnam_fw-la frustis_fw-la glaciei_fw-la collum_fw-la verò_fw-la claudatur_fw-la sigillo_fw-la hermetis_n id_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la vitri_fw-la ibidem_fw-la liquationem_fw-la ponatur_fw-la haectum_fw-la lagena_fw-la in_o bilance_fw-la adjecto_fw-la pondere_fw-la in_o oppositum_fw-la &_o videbis_fw-la quod_fw-la propemodum_fw-la octava_fw-la svi_fw-la parte_fw-la aqua_fw-la post_fw-la resolutam_fw-la glaciem_fw-la erit_fw-la ponderosiior_fw-la seipsa_fw-la glacie_n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la millesy_n ex_fw-la eadem_fw-la aqua_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o helmont_n who_o in_o case_n he_o take_v lagena_fw-la vitrea_fw-la in_o the_o ordinary_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n will_v have_v make_v we_o some_o amends_o for_o this_o erroneous_a account_n if_o he_o have_v teach_v we_o the_o way_n how_o he_o can_v seal_v such_o a_o broad_a vessel_n as_o a_o glass_n flagon_n hermetical_o but_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n will_v sufficient_o show_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o this_o experiment_n of_o helmont_n and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n we_o have_v several_a time_n weigh_v ice_n freeze_v and_o reduce_v to_o water_n without_o find_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o helmont_n be_v mistake_v and_o particular_o upon_o the_o last_o trial_n i_o make_v of_o this_o kind_n have_v fill_v a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n with_o solid_a fragment_n of_o ice_n together_o with_o it_o amount_v to_o a_o pound_n of_o which_o the_o glass_n alone_o weigh_v somewhat_o above_o five_o ounce_n i_o whelm_v over_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o another_o flat_a bottom_n glass_n that_o if_o any_o vapour_n shall_v ascend_v they_o may_v be_v condense_v into_o drop_n as_o in_o the_o like_a case_n i_o have_v former_o observe_v they_o to_o do_v and_o this_o ice_n be_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n as_o no_o drop_n be_v see_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o invert_v glass_n so_o the_o other_o glass_n be_v again_o put_v into_o the_o same_o scale_n appear_v almost_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o former_o whereas_o the_o ice_n alone_o that_o have_v be_v resolve_v amount_v to_o much_o above_o eight_o ounce_n according_a to_o helmont_n proportion_n the_o weight_n shall_v have_v be_v augment_v by_o a_o whole_a ounce_n at_o least_o and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o that_o if_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o great_a quantity_n of_o ice_n the_o event_n will_v have_v be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o different_z but_o i_o purposely_o choose_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d experiment_n about_o cold_a to_o make_v my_o i_o rial_n in_o no_o great_a quantity_n of_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v do_v because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o get_v scale_n strong_a enough_o to_o weigh_v without_o be_v injure_v much_o great_a weight_n and_o yet_o be_v accurate_a enough_o to_o discover_v true_o such_o small_a difference_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o such_o experiment_n but_o to_o return_v to_o helmont_n notwithstanding_o all_o that_o we_o have_v say_v against_o what_o he_o deliver_v about_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n yet_o because_o i_o take_v this_o inquisitive_a chemist_n to_o have_v be_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o his_o extravagancy_n a_o benefactor_n to_o experimental_a learning_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o suggest_v on_o his_o behalf_n that_o possible_o much_o of_o the_o additional_a weight_n he_o
another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o congelation_n as_o by_o distillation_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o ordinary_a frost_n of_o this_o country_n can_v produce_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o division_n and_o separation_n in_o body_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o though_o have_v purposely_o hang_v out_o a_o glass-bottle_n with_o a_o quart_n of_o beer_n in_o it_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o sharp_a night_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beer_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o near_o the_o middle_n but_o near_o the_o bottom_n a_o uncongealed_a liquor_n which_o to_o i_o and_o other_o seem_v strong_a than_o the_o beer_n and_o be_v at_o least_o manifest_o strong_a than_o the_o thaw_a ice_n which_o make_v but_o a_o spiritless_a and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o dead_a drink_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o trial_n my_o success_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o some_o will_v have_v expect_v for_o have_v put_v one_o part_n of_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o about_o five_o or_o six_o part_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o common_a water_n and_o have_v put_v they_o into_o a_o round_a glass_n and_o place_v that_o in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o mixture_n be_v in_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o ice_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o even_o two_o liquor_n so_o slight_o mingle_v be_v any_o thing_n accurate_o sever_v from_o one_o another_o although_o once_o to_o enable_v myself_o the_o better_a to_o judge_v of_o it_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o employ_v be_v beforehand_o deep_o tinct_a with_o cochinele_n and_o therefore_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n that_o in_o claret_n wine_n i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o exact_a separation_n of_o the_o red_a and_o the_o colourless_a part_n however_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o try_v how_o far_o in_o some_o other_o liquor_n this_o way_n of_o separate_v the_o waterish_a and_o more_o easy_o congealable_a part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o oleaginous_a part_n of_o milk_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o though_o once_o the_o frost_n seem_v to_o have_v promote_v a_o separation_n of_o creme_a notwithstanding_o that_o heat_n also_o may_v do_v it_o and_o though_o another_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n of_o part_n make_v by_o congelation_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n they_o prove_v not_o satisfactory_a no_o more_o than_o do_v some_o attempt_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o blood_n by_o freeze_a it_o but_o notwithstanding_o these_o discouragement_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o i_o can_v do_v upon_o brine_n for_o call_v to_o mind_n the_o relation_n mention_v in_o the_o xv._n title_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n may_v be_v thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n and_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v it_o worth_a trial_n by_o a_o physician_n i_o since_o happen_v to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o fall_v through_o some_o of_o the_o pure_o aqueous_a part_n exhale_v away_o wherefore_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o common_a salt_n in_o 44._o time_n its_o weight_n of_o common_a water_n that_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v either_o exact_o or_o near_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o have_v be_v by_o several_a writer_n observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o our_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o have_v likewise_o cause_v another_o and_o much_o strong_a brine_n to_o be_v make_v by_o put_v in_o to_o the_o water_n a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o salt_n for_o so_o there_o be_v in_o many_o of_o our_o salt_n spring_v we_o expose_v these_o several_a solution_n to_o the_o congeal_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n where_o the_o last_o mention_v solution_n be_v too_o strong_o impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n continue_v some_o day_n and_o night_n altogether_o uncongeal_v but_o that_o weak_a solution_n which_o emulate_v sea_n water_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o shallow_a and_o wide_o mouth_v vessel_n that_o shape_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o proper_a we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o design_n the_o large_a superficies_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v afford_v we_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n expose_v again_o to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o obtain_v a_o second_o cake_n of_o ice_n and_o take_v the_o remain_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v indispose_v enough_o to_o congelation_n we_o find_v that_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o that_o which_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o first_o cake_n of_o ice_n permit_v to_o thaw_v there_o appear_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o ice_n be_v resolve_v scarce_o taste_v so_o much_o as_o brackish_a whereas_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v continue_v uncongeal_v be_v considerable_o salt_n in_o taste_n and_o if_o i_o have_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o examine_v myself_o these_o two_o liquor_n hydrostatical_o as_o i_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o their_o weight_n i_o shall_v have_v discover_v precise_o enough_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o which_o the_o person_n i_o employ_v find_v to_o be_v considerable_a and_o consequent_o shall_v have_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a towards_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o brine_n from_o its_o superfluous_a water_n but_o though_o i_o have_v not_o a_o quantity_n of_o ice_n great_a enough_o to_o satisfy_v i_o whether_o that_o little_a brackishness_n of_o taste_n i_o have_v mention_v proceed_v from_o some_o saline_a corpuscle_n that_o concur_v to_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o ice_n itself_o or_o do_v only_o adhere_v
to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o some_o glass_n or_o other_o smooth_a body_n that_o will_v not_o imbibe_n water_n for_o thereby_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v exceed_o extenuate_v and_o how_o much_o such_o a_o thinness_n or_o want_n of_o depth_n may_v dispose_v a_o liquor_n to_o be_v speedy_o penetrate_v and_o congeal_v by_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v guess_v by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o section_n out_o of_o olearius_n of_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_a ice_n in_o persia_n by_o make_v water_n thin_o diffuse_v itself_o over_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n or_o some_o other_o apt_o figure_v and_o very_o cold_a body_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o will_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o to_o three_o chimney_n common_o furnish_v with_o fire_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o wash_v they_o be_v thin_o spread_v with_o a_o mop_n will_v present_o congeal_v though_o they_o assure_v i_o it_o be_v hot_a when_o it_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v lay_v 〈◊〉_d and_o cover_v the_o stair_n with_o glossy_a film_n of_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n that_o the_o water_n which_o drop_v down_o from_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o pump_n be_v so_o well_o congeal_v as_o it_o be_v slide_n away_o that_o the_o ice_n thus_o arrest_v in_o its_o passage_n in_o which_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o it_o spread_v itself_o very_o thin_o have_v raise_v a_o kind_n of_o icy_a pyramid_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o height_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o due_a place_n and_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o here_o that_o when_o i_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o those_o that_o want_v nice_a 〈◊〉_d or_o distrust_v their_o skill_n to_o use_v they_o whence_o that_o ice_n come_v that_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n put_v to_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o difficult_a to_o pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o common_a water_n be_v the_o liquor_n employ_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o afford_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o ice_n in_o question_n be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o employ_v liquor_n that_o be_v spirituous_a or_o saline_a it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v do_v indeed_o come_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a egg_n though_o the_o shell_n do_v not_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n because_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o frost_n come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o egg_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o spirituous_a or_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherefore_o as_o a_o expedient_a i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v find_v incongealable_a by_o the_o great_a cold_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o climate_n and_o which_o yet_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o three_o paragraph_n of_o the_o xvi_o title_n be_v more_o indispose_v then_o common_a water_n itself_o to_o thaw_v any_o icy_a efflorescence_n that_o may_v be_v emit_v by_o the_o egg._n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v without_o uniformity_n in_o the_o success_n for_o the_o first_o time_n i_o put_v a_o freeze_a egg_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o any_o ice_n be_v produce_v on_o the_o outside_n neither_o be_v the_o event_n differ_v when_o another_o time_n i_o put_v two_o freeze_a egg_n together_o into_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o that_o oil_n though_o to_o refrigerate_v the_o liquor_n the_o vessel_n be_v for_o a_o while_n place_v upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n and_o though_o also_o the_o eggshell_n at_o their_o gape_a crack_n produce_v by_o congelation_n discover_v that_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v well_o freeze_v i_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n another_o time_n want_v ice_n to_o do_v it_o then_o because_o that_o once_o when_o during_o the_o trial_n i_o be_v hinder_v from_o watch_v it_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n who_o i_o order_v to_o look_v after_o it_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o egg_n that_o be_v put_v to_o thaw_v in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v there_o obtain_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v ready_o have_v believe_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o a_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v make_v myself_o in_o two_o egg_n that_o be_v freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o thaw_v be_v it_o not_o that_o one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mistake_n dip_v in_o water_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v oil_n some_o reader_n may_v have_v expect_v to_o find_v among_o the_o example_n recite_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n that_o strange_a story_n which_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a part_n of_o that_o experiment_n i_o be_v somewhat_o surprise_v at_o the_o success_n for_o come_v to_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n which_o though_o in_o its_o kind_n very_o tender_a may_v be_v probable_o presume_v to_o be_v less_o so_o than_o a_o thermoscope_n make_v with_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n such_o as_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o forecited_a paragraph_n i_o find_v that_o if_o i_o continue_v to_o blow_v any_o thing_n long_o and_o brisk_o the_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o circumstance_n i_o therefore_o name_n because_o possible_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o may_v somewhat_o alter_v the_o case_n will_v sometime_o manifest_o enough_o subside_o and_o in_o that_o paragraph_n of_o the_o
so_o general_o acknowledge_v that_o i_o can_v imagine_v what_o shall_v make_v some_o man_n deny_v it_o except_o it_o be_v that_o they_o find_v all_o other_o to_o confess_v it_o for_o though_o in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o pretend_v experience_n for_o their_o quit_v the_o receive_a opinion_n yet_o here_o they_o quit_v experience_n itself_o for_o singularity_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o sense_n than_o not_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o generality_n of_o men._n 2._o and_o to_o evince_v that_o this_o be_v not_o say_v gratis_o i_o may_v observe_v to_o you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o three_o grand_a inducement_n that_o have_v lead_v both_o the_o vulgar_a and_o philosopher_n two_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o seldom_o agree_v in_o other_o thing_n to_o consent_v in_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o antiperistasis_n authority_n reason_n and_o experience_n but_o though_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o name_v they_o all_o three_o yet_o since_o the_o first_o of_o they_o by_o have_v as_o i_o just_a now_o note_v invite_v our_o adversary_n to_o dissent_v from_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o somewhat_o unlikely_a medium_fw-la to_o prevail_v on_o they_o to_o acknowledge_v it_o i_o shall_v insist_v only_o on_o the_o two_o latter_a have_v once_o declare_v that_o i_o lay_v aside_o the_o first_o not_o as_o worthless_a in_o itself_o but_o needless_a to_o my_o cause_n 3._o to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o argument_n afford_v we_o by_o reason_n what_o can_v there_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o nature_n who_o design_v the_o preservation_n of_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v careful_a of_o fit_v they_o with_o requisite_n for_o that_o preservation_n then_o to_o furnish_v cold_a and_o heat_n with_o that_o self_n invigorate_n power_n which_o each_o of_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o when_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o its_o contrary_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o universe_n require_v that_o cold_a and_o 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the_o other_o afford_v we_o by_o experience_n which_o do_v almost_o every_o day_n give_v we_o not_o only_a opportunity_n to_o observe_v but_o cause_n to_o admire_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o self_n invigorate_n power_n which_o when_o occasional_o exert_v we_o call_v antiperistasis_n and_o these_o phaenomena_n ought_v the_o more_o to_o be_v acquiesce_v in_o because_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o genuine_a declaration_n which_o nature_n make_v of_o her_o own_o accord_n and_o not_o as_o confession_n extort_a from_o she_o by_o artificial_a and_o compulsory_a experiment_n when_o be_v torture_v by_o instrument_n and_o engine_n as_o upon_o so_o many_o rack_n she_o be_v force_v to_o seem_v to_o confess_v whatever_o the_o tormentor_n please_v 5._o to_o proceed_v then_o to_o the_o spontaneous_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n i_o be_v recommend_v we_o see_v that_o whereas_o in_o summer_n the_o low_a and_o high_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v almost_o unsufferable_a to_o we_o by_o their_o heat_n the_o cold_a expel_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n by_o the_o sun_n scorch_a beam_n retire_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o there_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o other_o two_o though_o in_o the_o one_o that_o quality_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o almost_o perpendicular_a reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o in_o the_o other_o it_o 〈◊〉_d render_v very_o considerable_a by_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n and_o as_o the_o cold_a maintain_v itself_o in_o the_o middle_a region_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o intenseness_n which_o it_o acquire_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o antiperistasis_n so_o the_o lightning_n that_o flash_v out_o of_o the_o cloud_n be_v but_o a_o fire_n produce_v in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o the_o hot_a exhalation_n pen_v up_o and_o intend_v in_o point_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a to_o a_o degree_n that_o amount_v to_o ascension_n 6._o but_o though_o these_o be_v unquestionable_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o excessive_a coldness_n yet_o we_o need_v not_o go_v so_o far_o as_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n to_o fetch_v proof_n of_o our_o doctrine_n since_o we_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o our_o well_n for_o though_o carneades_n perhaps_o will_v not_o yet_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o air_n do_v ready_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n above_o allege_a do_v not_o evince_v it_o our_o very_a sense_n will_v for_o as_o in_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n about_o we_o be_v sultry_a hot_a we_o find_v to_o our_o great_a refreshment_n that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a than_o retreat_n be_v eminent_a for_o the_o opposite_a quality_n so_o in_o winter_n when_o the_o outward_a air_n freeze_v the_o very_a lake_n and_o river_n where_o their_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o it_o the_o internal_a 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that_o which_o make_v main_o for_o my_o present_a purpose_n begin_v contrary_a to_o vulgar_a thaw_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o 50._o and_o have_v thus_o manifest_v that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v send_v up_o great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o will_v be_v obvious_a to_o conceive_v that_o as_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o steam_n get_v into_o the_o air_n either_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o find_v vent_n such_o as_o those_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v or_o by_o grow_v copious_a enough_o to_o force_v themselves_o a_o passage_n so_o in_o most_o other_o place_n where_o the_o ascend_a steam_n find_v no_o commodious_a vent_n or_o be_v too_o faint_o drive_v up_o to_o gain_v themselves_o a_o passage_n they_o must_v be_v repress_v or_o detain_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v its_o pore_n in_o winter_n usual_o choke_v up_o with_o snow_n or_o rain_n or_o its_o 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upon_o the_o unwary_a open_n of_o the_o door_n of_o cellar_n that_o have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v there_o will_v sally_v out_o a_o warm_a smoke_n and_o very_o thick_a almost_o like_o that_o of_o a_o furnace_n and_o sometime_o the_o steam_n that_o issue_v out_o will_v be_v so_o gross_a and_o plentiful_a that_o it_o have_v bring_v man_n into_o danger_n of_o be_v suffocate_v by_o it_o 51._o and_o now_o gentleman_n have_v show_v that_o though_o experience_v be_v so_o confident_o appeal_v to_o by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o she_o have_v not_o hitherto_o afford_v they_o any_o thing_n that_o much_o favour_n their_o cause_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v that_o she_o bear_v witness_n against_o it_o for_o beside_o that_o some_o passage_n of_o my_o late_a discourse_n do_v real_o contain_v phaenomena_n that_o not_o only_o do_v not_o favour_v antiperistasis_n but_o may_v just_o be_v employ_v as_o experiment_n against_o it_o i_o shall_v ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v present_v you_o with_o something_o which_o i_o necessitate_a experience_n to_o supply_v i_o with_o that_o seem_v express_o to_o overthrow_v it_o 52._o i_o may_v urge_v against_o those_o who_o though_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n will_v establish_v a_o antiperistasis_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o what_o they_o call_v a_o fuga_fw-la contrarii_fw-la that_o the_o very_a instance_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o bring_v for_o their_o opinion_n may_v be_v retort_v upon_o they_o for_o when_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o winter_n the_o heat_n to_o fly_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_a air_n retire_v itself_o into_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o harbour_v in_o cellar_n and_o well_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o smoke_n of_o water_n draw_v from_o deep_a well_n which_o argue_v its_o heat_n the_o vapour_n which_o fly_v away_o be_v as_o vapour_n hot_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v by_o demand_v why_o if_o the_o heat_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o a_o smoke_a bucket_n of_o water_n have_v the_o wit_n or_o instinct_n to_o fly_v from_o its_o contrary_a it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o bucket_n as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v in_o the_o well_o retire_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v from_o the_o surround_v cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o instead_o of_o retire_v to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n those_o be_v remote_a from_o that_o it_o needless_o fly_v abroad_o with_o the_o vapour_n it_o excite_v and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n cast_v itself_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o shall_v shun_v and_o indeed_o what_o i_o just_a now_o mention_v to_o you_o as_o relate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n collins_n do_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o corpuscle_n that_o keep_v cellar_n warm_a abide_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o winter_n be_v not_o that_o they_o fly_v the_o cold_a as_o their_o enemy_n but_o that_o they_o be_v pen_v up_o beneath_o the_o ground_n since_o when_o vent_n be_v give_v they_o they_o immediate_o rush_v into_o the_o open_a air_n without_o fear_v the_o cold_a even_o of_o russia_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o winter_n 53._o but_o i_o shall_v press_v this_o no_o further_o but_o rather_o add_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v as_o little_o behold_v to_o the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o i_o sometime_o try_v in_o order_n to_o the_o disabuse_v some_o abetter_n of_o themistius_n i_o take_v then_o a_o iron-rod_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n have_v at_o one_o end_n of_o it_o a_o very_a broad_a and_o thick_a piece_n of_o iron_n shape_v almost_o like_o a_o spattule_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v upon_o the_o ignition_n of_o the_o iron_n make_v the_o heat_n very_o considerable_a then_o have_v cause_v this_o thick_a end_n to_o be_v make_v red_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o have_v sudden_o quench_v it_o in_o cold_a water_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o rod_n by_o which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v hold_v do_v at_o all_o grow_v sensible_o hot_a as_o a_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v expect_v it_o shall_v do_v to_o a_o very_a high_a degree_n as_o presume_v that_o the_o innumerable_a particle_n of_o heat_n that_o swarm_v in_o the_o compact_a body_n of_o the_o red_a hot_a part_n of_o the_o iron_n must_v to_o fly_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n retire_v in_o throng_n towards_o the_o other_o extreme_a of_o the_o iron_n and_o make_v it_o exceed_o hot_a and_o lest_o any_o preexistent_a warmth_n shall_v hinder_v i_o from_o perceive_v a_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o case_n any_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o iron_n i_o cause_v it_o the_o next_o time_n the_o trial_n be_v make_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o cold_a water_n and_o yet_o even_o then_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o broad_a and_o candent_fw-la end_n into_o the_o cold_a water_n bring_v as_o little_a of_o sensible_a heat_n to_o the_o other_o end_n that_o i_o hold_v in_o my_o hand_n as_o it_o have_v do_v the_o time_n before_o and_o have_v cause_v the_o experiment_n to_o be_v try_v by_o another_o the_o account_n i_o receive_v be_v that_o it_o succeed_v with_o he_o as_o it_o have_v do_v with_o i_o 54._o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o main_a thing_n gentleman_n that_o i_o intend_v to_o acquaint_v you_o with_o there_o be_v a_o expedient_a that_o i_o purposely_o devise_v to_o make_v one_o experiment_n more_o considerable_a against_o antiperistasis_n then_o be_v the_o several_a mistake_a observation_n of_o the_o peripetaticks_n to_o establish_v it_o 55._o i_o take_v then_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n 12._o or_o
possible_a cause_n of_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n or_o where_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v great_a 4._o how_o water_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o 7._o cold_a may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a._n in_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v the_o sun_n and_o b._n the_o earth_n a._n will_v therefore_o be_v much_o great_a than_o b._n let_v e._n f._n be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequinoctial_a to_o which_o let_v g._n h._n i._o k._n and_o l._n c._n be_v parallel_n last_o let_v c._n and_o d._n be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n therefore_o by_o its_o action_n in_o those_o parallel_n will_v rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o a_o motion_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o the_o parallel_a circle_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o whence_o must_v arise_v a_o wind_n which_o will_v force_v together_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o withal_o raise_v they_o a_o little_a weaken_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n join_v with_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o say_a wind_n the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v press_v together_o and_o coagulate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v skin_v over_o and_o harden_v and_o so_o again_o the_o water_n next_o the_o top_n will_v be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o at_o length_n the_o ice_n be_v thick_a and_o this_o ice_n be_v now_o compact_v of_o little_a hard_a body_n must_v also_o contain_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n receive_v into_o it_o as_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o also_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n may_v the_o cloud_n be_v freeze_v for_o when_o by_o the_o ascend_a and_o discend_v of_o several_a cloud_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n intercept_v between_o they_o be_v by_o compression_n force_v out_o it_o rake_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o harden_v they_o and_o though_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o usual_o make_v cloud_n be_v not_o yet_o unite_v into_o great_a body_n yet_o the_o same_o wind_n will_v be_v make_v and_o by_o it_o as_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n so_o will_v vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v congeal_v into_o snow_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o ice_n may_v be_v make_v by_o art_n and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mingle_v snow_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o by_o bury_v in_o it_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n now_o when_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o have_v in_o they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v melt_v the_o air_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d out_o every_o way_n in_o wind_n rake_n the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o as_o the_o wind_n by_o its_o motion_n rake_n the_o vessel_n so_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o action_n congeal_v the_o water_n within_o it_o 5._o we_o 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treatise_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v than_o not_o gratify_v some_o of_o the_o curious_a to_o who_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o show_v they_o of_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o pretty_a than_o surprise_v the_o way_n than_o that_o i_o use_v in_o make_v this_o experiment_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o follow_a direction_n take_v of_o good_a unslake_v lime_n three_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o miscarry_v of_o yellow_a orpiment_a one_o part_n of_o fair_a water_n 15._o or_o 16._o part_n beat_v the_o lime_n gross_o and_o powder_v the_o orpiment_n with_o care_n to_o avoid_v the_o noxious_a dust_n that_o may_v fly_v up_o pound_v and_o have_v put_v these_o two_o ingredient_n into_o the_o water_n let_v they_o remain_v there_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n or_o long_o if_o needs_o be_v remember_v to_o shake_v or_o stir_v the_o mixture_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v obtain_v a_o somewhat_o fetid_v liquor_n whereof_o by_o wary_o decant_v or_o by_o filtrate_v it_o the_o clear_a 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a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o snow_n and_o this_o way_n of_o cure_v gangrene_n from_o cold_a sennertus_n do_v prescribe_v to_o make_v some_o experiment_n hereof_o i_o expose_v flesh_n and_o fish_n and_o find_v that_o by_o immerse_v they_o into_o water_n they_o soon_o become_v more_o limber_a and_o flexible_a and_o more_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o knife_n and_o compass_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o about_o half_a a_o crown_n manifest_a token_n of_o their_o thaw_v and_o be_v cut_v they_o discover_v nothing_o of_o ice_n in_o they_o this_o for_o more_o certainty_n i_o often_o reiterated_a as_o also_o in_o egg_n and_o apple_n above_o a_o dozen_o time_n and_o never_o fail_v of_o unthaw_v they_o by_o this_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v if_o you_o immerse_v the_o flesh_n fish_n egg_n or_o apple_n deep_a into_o the_o water_n no_o ice_n will_v appear_v on_o their_o outside_n but_o only_o when_o you_o hold_v they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o the_o persian_a experiment_n mention_v by_o olearius_n of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v preserve_v for_o cool_v of_o their_o drink_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o pour_v water_n into_o a_o open_a pan_n or_o into_o a_o flask_n gradual_o some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o i_o can_v quick_o freeze_v by_o this_o way_n a_o whole_a flaskfull_a when_o near_o half_a of_o a_o flask_n fill_v at_o one_o though_o help_v by_o art_n be_v unfrozen_a i_o observe_v also_o that_o the_o ditch_n betwixt_o southwark_n and_o redderiff_n have_v acquire_v a_o exceed_a thickness_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o at_o full_a tide_n for_o new_a water_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v there_o congeal_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o some_o inch_n every_o ebb_a and_o flow_v i_o observe_v also_o the_o ice_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n above_o two_o yard_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n tell_v i_o they_o have_v see_v it_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n thick_a which_o thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o also_o within_o room_n in_o the_o most_o severe_a weather_n the_o needle_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n at_o other_o time_n i_o expose_v the_o needle_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n keep_v the_o stone_n warm_a at_o other_o time_n both_o be_v expose_v but_o in_o none_o of_o my_o experiment_n can_v i_o conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a to_o their_o attractive_a faculty_n for_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o to_o a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o ten_o several_a good_a stone_n employ_v for_o this_o purpose_n i_o assay_v also_o to_o find_v out_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a whereby_o to_o fit_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o the_o weather-glass_n and_o to_o that_o end_n make_v use_v of_o conduit_n water_n and_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n blackcherry_n nightshade_n scurvigrass_n and_o horse-raddish_n all_o which_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o a_o fire_n be_v keep_v and_o then_o remove_v and_o measure_v out_o into_o spoon_n in_o equal_a quantity_n and_o also_o a_o drop_n of_o they_o drop_v on_o the_o same_o bench_n but_o though_o this_o be_v often_o try_v i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o sure_a inference_n from_o they_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o blackcherry_n water_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v first_o but_o the_o other_o with_o very_o great_a uncertainty_n the_o horse-raddish_n and_o scurvigrass_n water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o very_a beginning_n of_o freeze_a of_o liquor_n be_v to_o move_v a_o pin_n or_o needle_n through_o the_o liquor_n whereby_o the_o ice_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o become_v discernible_a when_o the_o naked_a eye_n can_v discover_v none_o at_o all_o finis_fw-la figure_n 1._o page_z 9_o 10_o 11_o â—_o 98._o a_o the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c_o the_o stem_n d_o the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n figure_n 2._o the_o open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâ—mentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ—_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â—_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ—_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n of_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o in_o a_o experiment_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o oil_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o though_o i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o liquor_n in_o small_a '_o vessel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o air_n in_o 〈◊〉_d night_n 〈◊〉_d extraordinary_o sharp_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o salt_n will_v 〈◊〉_d the_o experiment_n succeed_v 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o try_v it_o with_o several_a parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o learned_a doctor_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o he_o use_v not_o our_o 〈◊〉_d mixture_n do_v bring_v that_o liquor_n either_o to_o