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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	move_v	pike_n	rear_n	5,887	5	13.2052	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37246	The history of the civil wars of France written in Italian, by H.C. Davila ; translated out of the original.; Historia delle guerre civili di Francia. English	Davila, Arrigo Caterino, 1576-1631.; Aylesbury, William, 1615-1656.; Cotterell, Charles, Sir, d. 1701.; L'Estrange, Roger, Sir, 1616-1704.	1678 (1678)	Wing D414; ESTC R1652	1,343,394	762

with them ready to be turned against the Enemy As soon as it was broad day light the Walloons began to march and after them the flying Squadron at which time the King who had notice of it from Parabere being encouraged by the Mareschal de Biron who affirmed he had left so many broken Carriages and so many dead bodies upon the way that the Enemies would find it extreme difficult to make their retreat advanced with his Cavalry to fall upon them in the Rere but the eight Corps de Garde who were the last that moved retired with admirable expertness for as soon as the Wings of Musketiers had given fire they fell off into the Rere of the Pikes without facing about but fronting still towards the Enemy and in the mean time the shot played that were among the Files who had no sooner ended their volleys but the hinder Wings were come to be the Front and while they gave fire the Squadron retired without turning their backs after which the second following and after the second the third and so the rest one after the other drew off all by little and little to the Rere of the flying Squadron which when the Baron de Giury was come up unto with the Count de Soissons and the rest that were at the Head of the Kings Cavalry they fiercely charging their Pikes and powring forth a terrible thick hail of Musket-shot repulsed them in such manner that they wheeled about not daring to charge in amongst them which having been done several times the retreat went on with particular honor to the Duke of Mayenne who very tall of stature and compleatly armed stirred up the courage of all by his words and example and also with his own hand over-turned the Sieur de Persy upon the ground who with a Troop of Light-horse had the boldness to charge his Squadron But being come already tired with service and with heat unto a narrower way la Berlotte presented his Artillery placed on each hand upon the banks of ditches in such manner that the Kings Horse were constrained to make an halt letting the whole Camp march off safe unto la Fere Nor did the obstacles alledged by the Mareschal de Biron prove any hinderance for the retreat proceeding slowly and warily without hurry or confusion the Pioneers had time to free and clear the way But the enemies Army being gone the King returned unto the Siege and began to batter the Town and while the Artillery played upon it from every redoubt they made a mine to blow up the Ramparts and make a breach with more speed and Security but the besieged not being willing to lose themselves without making due resistance sallied out at the Skyt-gates upon the first of Iuly and fell into the Mareschal de Biron's and the Sieur de Montmartin's Trenches with so much violence that making themselves masters of the Redoubts they made a very great slaughter there Eleven Captains and above Two hundred Soldiers being left dead upon the place But the Mareschal de Biron coming happily at the noise and the soldiers running armed from all parts into the Trenches the enemy was at last beaten in again who taking another course made a furious counter-battery from whence they dismounted and spoiled many pieces of Cannon and yet all things being repaired with marvellous diligence there was already a great part of the Wall beaten down after which the Rampart appearing high it was necessary to stay till the mines and works under ground were brought to perfection which while they were about the Baron de Guiry who with extreme diligence hastened the work was shot in the head with a Musket in the flower of his age and to the infinite grief of every one lost his life a Gentleman of great courage and exceeding worth but of so sweet behaviour and so pleasing a wit improved with additions of Learning that forcing a general affection he was praised and beloved by his very enemies The mines which had been many dayes in hand being perfected had very different effects for the Sieur de S. Luc's proved fruitless because the water got into it the Count de Grammont's had vent given it by the besieged the Sieur de Montmartin's threw down the Wall but did no hurt at all to the Rampart only the Mareschal de Biron's and the Baron de Salignac's wrought very great effects and yet being assaulted one by Colonel Grillon and the other by the Count de Torigny they were valiantly made good by the defendents who having at the same time sprung a Fougade and blew up many of those who inconsiderately were advanced upon the Rampart the next day the assaults were redoubled several times the Duke de Bouillon and the Mareschal de Biron having the care of them in which though the assailants could not lodge themselves upon the Rampart yet the besieged lost so many men that without relief it was not possible for them to hold out longer wherefore they began to parley and upon the 22th of Iuly Capitulated to surrender if within twelve dayes the Duke of Mayenne did not either raise the Siege or put at least six hundred Foot into the Town but in such manner that the besieged might not assist the relief any way except onely in opening the Gate to it when it came nor might receive less than Three hundred Foot at a time Which Articles being made known unto the Duke the King sent the Duke of Montpensier the Admiral Villars and the Sieur de Balagny who had newly submitted himself to his obedience to possess the wayes as far as la Fere and hinder the passage of relief which not being come within the time prescribed the Count de Sommerive Colonel de Bourg President Ieannin and the whole Garrison marching out with their Armes and Baggage were convoyed as far as la Fere the King honouring the Duke of Mayennes young Son with great demonstrations of courtesie The besieged of Laon had hoped the Duke of Guise would bring them some relief by the way of Champagne and the King had suspected the same but the affairs of that Province were so distracted that it was not possible for him to think of stirring at that time for there were not onely practices on foot in every Town but with every Governor in favour of the King and not onely the people were inclined to acknowledge him as had been clearly seen in the Commotion at Troyes but more pernicious thoughts reigned even among those of the very party Monsieur de St. Paul a man of mean parentage had by all the degrees of War raised himself to the Office of Colonel in the time while the Duke of Guise's Father was living and had served him with so much valour and fidelity that he deserved not onely to hold one of the first places in his favour and also to be advanced to higher charges of Command but being favoured by his protection had by the marriage of a

and up and down in the woods to confirm the mistake of the Enemy in the dead of the night retired with exceeding silence to Iasenevil avoiding by the benefit of the dark so evident a danger of being utterly defeated The Prince and the Admiral finding in the morning the errour by which they had lost so great an opportunity not to lose their time likewise in vain resolved to set upon that part of the Army which was quartered as Sanse with an intention the Duke of Anjou not moving to break and scatter it and afterwards advancing to try the fortune of a day in the open fields But the Duke of Anjou had the same morning upon the Enemies approach sent for all his Forces to the head Quarter and quitting the Village brought the whole Camp to Iasenevil which being unknown to the Hugonots they by the favour of a thick mist setting forth early in the morning marched with the whole Army in great silence toward Sanse But coming to a place where two ways part the one whereof goes to Sanse and the other to Iasenevil the Admiral taking the left hand went on as he intended towards the Village and the Prince through mistake turning on the right hand took that way which led directly to the Catholick Camp at Iasenevil neither did he perceive by reason of the mist that he was out of the way till he was so near the Kings quarter that he came afront the Enemy in a plain open place and was so far engaged that he could not make a secure retreat The Duke of Anjou seeing the Enemies approach not knowing their mistake thought they came with a resolution to assault him wherefore he drew up his men into a place of advantage though somewhat too streight for his Horse and expected with a daring courage to join Battel But the Prince of Conde at length finding his errour and not knowing where the Admiral was with the Van going himself to view the ground presently resolved what to do and with all the haste he could made himself master of two little hills on each side the way where he placed his Foot being drawn into two divisions among the stakes of the Vines making himself a defence of the ditches and banks which are usual in that Country to inclose their grounds The Foot being lodged in such a place of advantage and in a manner out of danger the next care was to secure the Horse which being ranged upon the high-way could not refuse to fight whensoever the Catholicks would charge them wherefore that they might not discover a fear still moving softly on the Prince made shew as if he would join Battel in the plain which lay between the two hills and the Kings Camp The Duke of Anjou believing the Prince meant to fight when he saw the Enemies Horse in the plain commanded fire to be given to all the Cannon of which he had a great number placed in each Flank hoping thereby to terrifie them and withal to scatter two great wings of light Horse which being in the Front of the Army before the rest marched towards him But the Prince taking his time whilst the smoak of the Cannon covered the plain retired dextrously with his Horse behind the hills and presently began to draw a Ditch cross the high-way so that being covered on both sides with the hills and having cut off the Enemies passage he placed there four Field-pieces and 600 Gascon Musketiers to defend that Post. The smoak being vanished the Duke of Guise and the Count de Lude with two Squadrons of Horse advanced to charge but found the field void and abandoned by the Hugonots wherefore having marched up as far as the hills without meeting any encounter they returned to their Body with news that the Prince began to intrench in the plain The Duke of Anjou almost confounded with this uncertain proceeding of the Hugonots presently sent the Count of Brissac with the French Musketiers and Monsieur de la Valette with four Troops of Horse to second him towards the hills to try whether by skirmishing they could engage them to fight but the Enemy not stirring from their place and scouring the plain under them with their Musquet-shot the rest of the day was spent in light skirmishes for neither the Prince moved from the hills but on the contrary went on with his trenches nor would the Duke of Anjou set upon the Hugonots in their works with so great disadvantage In this interim the Admiral understanding by the noise of the Cannon what had hapned without attempting any thing at Sanse was returned in great haste to join with the Prince complaining that fortune heaping errour upon errour should with such frowardness delude the prudence and wariness of his counsels The Armies stood to their Arms with great diligence guarding their posts all that night but the next morning both sides being vanquished by the violence of the cold and the exceeding sufferance of two nights watching continually in Arms the Generals resolved to retreat and so as it were by mutual consent the Duke of Anjou marched away to Poictiers and the Hugonots to Mirebeau The Duke thought by retiring into an open plain Country either to invite the Enemy to fight upon equal terms or else by often moving and changing Quarter to approach so near to them that he might gain some seasonable advantage But the Hugonot Commanders not to give the Enemy such an opportunity as he sought after thought of another way and resolved marching from the Catholicks to fall on a sudden upon Saumur a City upon the Loire where there is a very fair Bridge which is one of the principal passes over that River to enter into the other Provinces of France or to receive supplies from them and particularly to enable them to join with those forces that come to their aid out of Germany for the Loire dividing in a manner the whole Kingdom into two parts separates the Country anciently called Aquitania from the two Gallias Celtica and Belgica a great part whereof are yet subject to that Crown They hoped likewise by besieging and streightning a place of so much consequence that the Duke of Anjou rather than suffer it to be taken before his eyes would be brought to fight with some disadvantage for though the one side and the other very much desired battel yet they both studied to contrive it so that they might be in a manner assured of the Victory But this stratagem proved fruitless for the Duke knowing that Saumur being a strong place and reasonably well guarded might easily hold out against the Hugonots resolved to raise them by a diversion without bringing himself into a necessity to fight at their pleasure wherefore letting the Prince march towards Saumur he departed two days after with good store of victuals for his men from Poictiers and went directly to assail Mirebeau which was forced and taken with great loss to the Hugonots for the remainder of the

Saluzzo Bellegarde had for many years held the chief place in the Kings favour and in the beginning of his Reign was by him created Mareschal but afterward for some jealousies the King conceived of him and by the instigation of his competitors Chiverny and Villeguier he was faln out of favour and under pretence of sending him into Poland to negotiate for the Duke of Alancon he had cunningly sought to put him from Court But being openly favoured by the Mareschal d' Anville and secretly by the Duke of Savoy he went into the Marquesate of Saluzzo where having found a light occasion of dispute with Carlo de Birago the Kings Lieutenant who held the principal places he easily drove him away by force and having without much difficulty made himself Master of that State he carried himself in imitation of d' Anville obeying the King's orders onely so far forth as he himself thought fit This action of his did not onely prove very prejudicial to the Affairs of France but likewise wrought great suspicions in the Italian Princes who with reason doubted that Bellegarde set on by the Catholick King to deprive the French of the Marquesate of Saluzzo might give the King occasion for the recovery of his own to bring the War into Italy and put the affairs of that Province into confusion and that so much the rather because they saw Bellegarde leavy Soldiers and fortifie places and yet knew not with whose money he could do those things Wherefore the Pope being moved had prayed the Venetian Senate as Friends to the King to interpose their wisdom to take away the occasion of that fire the preparations whereof were so near at hand The Senate undertook the business very carefully and having caused their Ambassador Grimano to treat with the King and Francesco Barbaro Resident in Savoy with the Mareschal de Bellegarde was the occasion that the King committed that affair unto the managing of his Mother For this cause the Queen not being able to draw Bellegarde unto Gren●ble whither the Duke of Savoy and the Venetian Ambassador were come to meet her was content to go to Montluel according to her custom making small account of Ceremonies which use so much to trouble Princes so she might obtain her ends in the substance of things There having wrought the Mareschal to acknowledge the King and receive the Patent of his Government from him she dispatched it for him with many demonstrations of honor but whatsoever the occasion were the Mareschal died suddenly as soon as he was returned unto Saluzzo and before the Queen departed from those Provinces the Governours and Guardians of his Son delivered up that State into the hands of the King of France The Queen being gotten out of that trouble passing thorough Bourgogne was returned unto her Son to assist in the administration of the Government whilest he retired from the management of affairs seemed onely to mind Feasts and Solemnities leaving all businesses to her and to his Council though indeed every least particular passed thorow his own hands by which arts he thought himself so secure of present and certain of future matters that he believed he had already fully executed all that he had secretly contrived in his mind Onely he thought the course of his designs was stopt by the Duke of Alancon who fickle and unconstant in his desires sometimes retiring himself from Court sometimes returning confidently again now holding intelligence with the Male-contents and within a while refusing to meddle with them kept him still solicitous with many jealousies and anxieties The Queen-Mother endeavoured principally to remedy that fear as a thing so material that the tranquility or disturbance of the Government depended on it Wherefore the people of the Low-Countries being already withdrawn from the subjection of the Catholick King having first besought the King of France to receive them into his protection and after he refused it having offered the Command of themselves to the Duke of Alancon if with a powerful Army he would deliver them from fear of the Spanish Tyranny the Queen desirous to free one Son from his suspicions and to provide a convenient State for the other exhorted the King to let the Duke of Alancon accept of the protection of the States of Flanders and to raise an Army upon fained pretences within the limits of France alledging that all unquiet factious spirits would go along with the Duke and diminish that pestilent matter which maintained the discords and troubles of the Kingdom and the better to ground and settle that design she tryed to renew the so often rejected Treaty of Marriage between the Duke and the Queen of England which though it could not be concluded yet at least this consequence might result from it That the Queen by her Forces and Authority would incline to favour the Duke in his new Command wherefore omitting nothing that could advance that end after many Embassies on both sides Alancon himself went this year personally into England where being honourably and sumptuously received by the Queen he stayed there a great while and though she abhor●ed to submit her self to the yoke of Matrimony and that the State of England did likewise abhor the Government of a French King yet because the interest of State required to dissemble as well to encrease the Dukes reputation and by consequence the strength of the States of Flanders as also to cause a jealousie in the Catholick King who at that time was intent about many other designs which were much suspected by all the Princes his Neighbours the Queen famed to consent unto the match and amongst the pomps and delights of her Court honoured and favoured the Duke of Alancon very familiarly in whose behalf the King dispatched an honourable Embassie the chief whereof was Francis de Montpensier Prince Dauphin a Lord of winning carriage and often imployed being known to be of a sincere minde an honest but not crafty nature and very far from medling or conforting with factious minded men At the arrival of this Embassie which was received with great tokens of honour the articles and conditions were treated of which were to be observed by both parties and the business went so far that the Duke and Queen gave each other a Ring in token of future Marriage though she nevertheless persevered constantly in her resolution of a free single life and therefore would by no means suffer it to go any further But these things happened in the course of the year following In this year the King of Navar after the departure of the Queen-Mother did assemble a Congregation of his Party at Mazere in the County of Foix to deliberate in what manner they should behave themselves for the time to come where amongst the discourses of Peace the spirits of many that desired War shewed their inclinations in the end it began to be debated whether the Peace should be continued or that they should return to the hazard

sufficient to possess so large and ample a Plain which contains the space of many miles but it appeared in this occasion as it hath done in many others that Forts and Redoubts if they be not joyned with a convenient number of resolute men do not hinder the entry of those who take a resolution to pass with the hazard of some Cannon shot and yet the Count de Fuentes having caused Four thousand Pioniers to come out of the adjacent Provinces and having Seventy two pieces of Artillery of several sizes and wonderful preparations of all Instruments of War and Ammunition full of hope and courage began to incompass the City on all sides but on that especially where it might be relieved by the French Between Porte Neufue and the Porte de St. Sepulchre over against that part of the City that stood towards the South he caused a Fort to be raised after the manner of a Platform which being able to contain One thousand Foot was by the name of the Bourg close by it called the Fort of Guiargni and caused another not very much less to be cast up over against the place where the River enters into the City on the West side which they called the Fort de Premy from the name likewise of the adjacent Bourg and between these two there were seventeen Redoubts like so many Sentinels in each of which there were Twenty five men and the two Forts with all the space between them were guarded by the Prince of Chimay with the Forces that were newly come out of the neighbouring Provinces Besides these Posts between the Porte de Quentimpre and the Porte des Selles winding towards the North there was raised another great Fort which they called St. Oloy where the Count de Bie commanded with a Regiment of Germans from the Porte des Selles as far as the Cittadel over against the Bastion de Robert a place that extends from the North unto the East they resolved to plant the Battery therefore in that space they intended to cast up Trenches and the command thereof was given to Agostino Messia The Count de Fuentes with the Cavalry of the Army and two Tertia's of Walloons was quartered in two little Villages behind the Fortifications and Ambrosio Landriano Lieutenant-General of the Light horse with Four hundred Horse and Six hundred Foot placed himself upon that way that leads to Peronne keeping continually many Ambuscadoes in divers Woody places to assault and hinder the passage of those that should hazard the attempt of entring the Town Things being disposed in this order they began to break ground the Engineer Pacciotto and Colonel la Berlotte overseeing the Works the one for his skill in Fortification the other for experience in War men of exceeding high estimation But the work proved difficult beyond all belief for in the lower places where the River Sckeld passes and overflows they could not dig above a span for water and the higher places were so gravelly and stony that they could not approach without great toil and much time and yet the Soldiers accustomed to labor full of courage by reason of their past victories and aspiring to sack so rich a City wrought with incredible patience Either Monsieur du Rosne or the Count himself continually overseeing the Works and with words promises and gifts hastening the perfecting of them so that upon the first of September two very large Trenches were brought to the edge of the Moat between the Bastion de Robert and a Raveline in the midst of the Courtine It is evident that if the besieged had with Sallies and Counterbatteries molested their Works they must needs have approached with extream difficulty and perchance without fruit at last but it was well known that Monsieur de Balagny either had lost his courage or had not much experience for during the space of ten dayes that the Works of the Spaniards lasted the Defendants continually lay idle without molesting them in any kind and the young Duke of Rhetelois who by reason of the tenderness of his years referred himself to the discipline of others though he said and laboured very much could not or had not credit to move the rest to do any thing in so much that even the very day the Trenches were opened there would have been nothing done if he himself levelling a Culverin had not given fire luckily against the Enemy for it shot into the very mouth of their Trench by which example his Gentlemen excited more than many others shot many pieces of Cannon and did some harm to the besiegers But the day following Monsieur de Vic came in opportunely a man of great credit and long experience who having happily avoided all the Ambushes laid by Landriano got near the City upon the second of September in the morning with all his men on Horseback and because the guards of the Infantry were but thin and few he passed between Fort and Fort without receiving any harm by the Artillery that plaid on all sides and got without any loss near the Walls of the City not far distant from the edge of the Moat but when he believed he had escaped all dangers he saw himself unexpectedly charged in the Rere by a Body of Italian Horse which led by Carlo Visconte was advanced full gallop towards him so that to avoid that imminent danger since already all the rest of the Cavalry were at his back he presently caused all his men to alight and leave their Horses a prey unto the enemy who while they were greedily busied in catching them afforded them so much time that he with most part of his men got into the Moat whither though the Spaniards advanced couragiously yet they could neither hurt him nor hinder him after a long skirmish and an infinite number of Cannon shot from coming safe into the Town His presence seemed to put heart and spirit into the Defendants for the same night the Soldiers striving who should work fastest two Platforms were raised behind the Courtine that was plaid upon by the Enemy and a Cavalier at the Gorge of the Bastion de Robert in which places many pieces of Artillery were planted and they made a furious Counter-battery with so much violence and so much harm to the besiegers that having lamed their Artillery and dismounted them broken the Carriages and beaten the Gabions all in pieces the Spaniards were three dayes without being able to do any thing of importance against the Town At the same time he caused two Mines to be made which being prosperously brought under the principal Battery blew it up into the Air and buried five pieces overturning and disordering all the rest Nor did he cease in the mean time opportunely to make some Sallies though the great number of places which were necessarily to be kept guarded would not allow them to be frequent or numerous Against so gallant a defence Colonel la Berlotte who had the principal charge of the