side to an other aswel vpon the wunded part as otherwise and espetially an houre before he be drest to the end that the humours may discend to the gréef which ought to be vsed in wounds aswel with cuts as with pricks as shal be said in his proper place Fourthly he must indure the Oil as hot as euer it can be possible for it is the nature of the Oile tobe applyed seething hot for the hotter he is applyed the stronger he is in operation It is néedful also that he abstain from the company of women for because that it would bring great inconueniences vnto him and not for the time of his healing but also xx dayes after and principally if the wound were great ¶ A Preparatif TO prepare the wound before the applying of the Oil you shall take good white wine and boil it with one handful of Encence which is onely to comfort with the which you shall wash the woūd as hot as the Patient can suffer bothe within and without then wipe it very wel with a clene linen cloth before that you apply the Oyl which shal be shewed héerafter the occasion and the time how to apply it and when the afore said washing shall not be vsed ¶ Of the Oyle THe said Oil the more older it is the better it is ▪ and of the greater effect And you shall remember as before hath béen said to apply it as hot as may be for by this meanes he shal the finelier perce and heale the wound the sooner The time of dressing of the wound IT is necessarye that if the wound come by any bitings or broosings that he be dressed twise a day and likewise to all other as shal be said heerafter That is to say in winter at viij of the clock in the morning and at thrée of the clock at night And in Summer at ix of the clock in the morning and at iiij at night because they be the moste cōuenient houres But if they be gréen woūds after the first dressing you shall not néed to chaunge it again vntil the next day ¶ The differences of diseases THe wounds diseases doo differ for some are olde some are new some in one parte and some in an other as in the hed armes or legs and other places for the which the wounds doo differ as shal be shewed héerafter of euery one particulerly and also the maner vsage to applye the said Oile according to the maner and gréef of the diseased parte ¶ The vse of the Implaister that is to be applyed with the Oyle vpon the diseased parte FIrst for wounds of the hed you shall shaue away the heare ij or iij. fingers breadth round about the wound And then stay the blood with lint or tow beeing dipt in the said Oyle with the which you shall fil the wound and vpon that apply a linnen cloth ij or thrée double which shall couer all the place as far as the here hath béen shauen away beeing steped in the prepared wine before mentioned and afterwards wrung out then role it vp This is it that ought tobe applyed at the first dressing Also this is tobe vnderstanded that at the first dressing the prepared wine ought not to bee vsed for feare of causing the flux of blood Also you shal note that if the wound be very great or in a daungerous place by the which meanes there might ensue a flux of blood you shall dresse it but once a day at the first and second dressing and from that time foreward at euery dressing you shall wash the wound with the prepared Wine aforesaid bothe within and without thē wipe it very clene with a fine linnen cloth that the wound may be made clene within and without for it is very néedful Then afterwarde you shall fill the wound with Oyle and couer it with lint stéeped in the same and vpon that again apply a linnē cloth ij or iij. double round about beeing dipt in the said said Oyle And then vpon that again lay an other cloth moistened in the said Wine and wrung as aforesaid This is the particuler order of all maner of wounds and must be vsed til such time as you perceiue the wound is vpon healing and then you shall heale it vp with this Vnguent folowing ¶ The manner to make the Vnguent and how it ought tobe vsed TAke of the said Oile Magistrale Venis Turpentine and new Wax of eche like quantitie set it on the fire in a little pan alwaies stirring it the space of a quarter of an houre Then take it from the fire and let it cool and whē it is colde put it in a box and kéep it to your vse And when you shall haue occasion so vse it it wil serue bothe for the Vnguent and the Implaister You shall apply the Vnguent vpon Lint and lay it to the gréef and afterwards a little dry Lint vpon that and then applye vpon that again an Implaister made with the forsaid Vnguent ¶ Heer foloweth the particuler orders how to apply this Oile Magistrale in euery disease FOr wounds of the head you must haue a good consideration whether it were doon with stone staffe or fall or such other like accidents which are commonly called contusions So that if the woūd be healed vp and that there be ingendered any Apostume or accidents which may chaunce by contusion or brusing of the vessels or breking of the bones it would be a great offence to the brain Wherfore to auoide such inconueniences you shall order it in this sort that is you wall shaue the heare of the place round about it and then wash it very wel with the said Wine then wipe it very clene and anoint it round about with the said Oile and lay round about it linnen clothes stéeped in the said Oile and vpon that again other linnē clothes stéeped in the said wine which shal be vsed for the space of v. or vi dayes or according to the gréef of the place For vvounds of the legges IF the wound be in any of the legs and the muscles or sinewye partes béeing cut ouerthwart it must be stiched according to the bignes of the woūd or if there be any dislocatiō of the bone you shal place him in his due order after the best maner Then you shall wash the wound bothe within and without with the said wine if you fear any accidents whiche might happen by th' offence of the woūd you shal wash the whole member with the said wine As if it be in the arme from the shoulder to the fingers ends if it be in the thigh down to the ends of the toes Afterwards anoint the whole member with the said Oile say round about it a linnē cloth steeped in the said Oil vpon that another double cloth beeing steeped in the aforsaid wine wrung And thē role it in such sort that it be neither to straight nor to slack as for the
disclose it and make it common although she dressed patients in her husbands absence and also whilest he was prisoner At his last imprisonment he féeling him self not like to liue because of his disease and coÌ„sidering that he should leue his wife and Children but in a wofull state discouered this secret vnto her and did leaue it vnto her for a pretious treasure and there withall gaue her a great charge that she should not disclose it to any man what soeuer shuld be offred vnto her for it But as in the end all things come to light she for to get her owne lyuing and her poor Childrens began to entermedle for to cure secretly with the said Oyl and solde it vnto them whiche stood in néed of it saying that it was of the same Oyl that her husband had made Not wtstanding the people perceiued that it lasted very long that it could not be chosen but that she must haue the receit offred vnto her for the composition therof fiue hundred duckets but she answered that she had it not and said if she had it she would rather dye then declare it For the cause of the which sharp answere she was expresly inhibited from curing with the said Oil neither to sel it for any maner price By the which menes what with the councell of her freends and necessitie constrayning her she offred to declare the the secret in consideration that she might haue the thousaÌ„d Duckets but in th' end she was constrained to take fiue hundred Duckes wherunto the King graunted in the presence of certain Phisitions and Chirurgians which were appointed vnto whome she declared the secret and shewed by experience the composition and the manner how to make it And they to prooue whether it were the same or no applyed it to many diseased persons and it was found of the same vertue and effect of that that her husbaÌ„d had made And then was named by the Phisitions and Chirurgians the Oyl Magistrale estéeming it to be the best and moste pretious among all others So that when they had iustly approoued that it was the very same secret that her husband left vnto her they deliuered vnto her the fiue hundred Duckets whiche the King promised vnto her Then by the commandement of the King the Phisitions and Chirurgians of the Town had the perfit knoweledge of it in such sort that at this present day almoste all the whole Realme of Spain vseth none other medicines what maner of hurt or wound so euer it bee whiche is a moste excellent and approoued Mitigatiue or appeaser of pain and is a very good secret necessary tobe knowen in a common welth And as for my parte I would it were aswell knowen and experimented in this Realme as it is there Therfore for the good wil and affection the whiche I bere towardes my countrey to the which I am bound to serue to the vttermoste of my power I thought good to write this secret and to bring it to light although I knowe that there be some which wil not be wel pleased heerwith and paraduenture wil demaund of me the experience of it for the whiche I doo not force séeing that I haue the trueth on my side and that it is not vnknowen to a great number which haue traueled in the Realme of Spain the notable and singuler vertues of this Oyle the which they doo dayly sel to all other Nations and I my self hauing séene the notable vertues therof approoued vpon diuers of our owne nation at the hands bothe of Merchants and Marryners which brought the said Oyle from thence And now chauncing with the Copy of the making of the said Oyle and béeing so wel assured that it is the right and perfet order and for the which I wil answere I thought it my dutie to disclose such a noble secret for the profit of so many as I knowe shall receiue ayd therby rather then to please some perticuler persons The composition of the Oyle called Oleum Magistrale inuented by one named Aparice FIrst you shall take a quarte of the best and oldest white wine that may be gotten Oil Olif of the oldest iij. pound then put therto these floures herbs folowing to wit The floures and leaues of Hipericon half a l. Cardus benedictus a quarter of a l. Valerian a quarter of a l. of the least Sage a quarter of a l. of euery one of these you shall take the leaues flowers if it be possible Then let all these stéep xxiiij houres in the aforesaid wine and Oile the next day boile them in a nealed pot or in a copper vessel vpon a soft fire vntil such time as the wine be al consumed alwaies stirring it with a Spattle After you haue thus doon take it from the fire and strain it and to the strayning put a l. and a half of good Venice Turpentine then boile it again vpon a soft fire the space of a quarter of an houre then ad therto Olibanum v. vnces Mirrah iij. vnces Sanguis draconis one vnce and so let it boil til the InceÌ„ce and the Mirrah be dissolued then take it of and let it stand til it be colde then put it into a glasse Bottle and set it viij or x. dayes in the Sun and keep it to your vse The maner to apply the saide Oyl according to the qualities of the vvounds or diseases dooth consist in these vi thingê folowing ¶ To the patient to the preparatife to the wound or disease to the plaister and to the diseased parte FIrst the hurted and afflicted partie must vse this Regiment folowing that is to say to kéep no straight diet neither in eating nor drinking for fear of weakning the body and hindring of his helth So that he may eat and drink as he was accustomed to doo before he was hurt As for example he may eat to his dinner new laid Eggê Mutton wilde foule of the woods principally when they haue bled and likewise at night ye may roste any of these and if he were accustomed to eat grose meatê in his helth as Porke Onions Garlick and such like he néed not to forbere them but to vse them according as his apetite wil serue him and also to drinck wines if he haue vsed them before he was hurt Yet neuertheles if he be a body filled with humours and giuen to a Feuer or any other inconuenience he must vse his meats and drincks with discretion and if he drinck any wine it must be delayed with water Notwithstanding Aparice did neuer forbid any kindes of meats to his patients which they were accustomed to vse in their helth Secondly if the wound be great the patient ought to kéep his bed if he cannot kéep his bed yet at the least he must kéep his Chamber without taking any ayre which might anoy him Thirdly hee must kéep an order in his lying that is to say he may not alwaies lye on one side but ofteÌ„ turn from one
iiij times so much Oile as Wax But if you wil haue it in forme of a liquid Cerot you shall put to double of Oile to the Wax and if the Wax be dry you shall put to of Oile ij partes and a half whiche is to say for one pound of Wax ij pound and a half of Oile And if you wil make it plaister wise there must be added as much Wax as Oil namely if the weather be temperat And if the wax be to olde and dry and that the weather be colde there must be somwhat more Oil then wax But if the wax be new and moist and the weather hot there must be somwhat more Wax then Oile that is to say for one pound of wax xiij vnces of Oile in the composition of the medicine for the better mingling of the Oile and Wax togither you shall ad to some Rosin and principally of Terebenthine or in sted Colophonia and if you doo ad asmuch of it as of Wax the Pich dooth make the consistance of the Cerot and note that which is moste liquidest is the best euen in like sorte as of the Rosins And if the Rosin be liquid as is the new Terebenthine it shall suffise to put in the third parte in respect of the Wax When Galen did compound any medicine wherin is Rosin and wax it is to be vnderstanded that hee ment not that which was dry and olde but such kindes of Rosin and Wax that were of a ment substance for els béeing mingled with the others wil soone dry and loose their strength and that for two causes The first by the intemperature of heat of the weather and secondly by the reason of béeing to long kept As for Propolis it is no other thing but white Wax and it is more conueniable in plaisters and Cerots then Rosin or Pitch And more Galene dooth account Terebenthine among the Rosins and is moste conuenient of all the Rosins in the fore said plaisters and Cerots ¶ Medicines made of Simples whiche wil dissolue THese Simples which folowe are liquible that is to say which wil dissolue vpon the fire and whereof Cerots and Plaisters be made and may be boiled with moist things as with water Wine and Vinagre The simples which are these that folowe Propolis Wax Rosin Ladanum and Senum that is to say Talowe and Galbanum whiche must be prepared in a double vessel coÌ„monly called Balneum Mariae whiche is asmuch to say in putting of the foresaid simples within some vessel and then to set it in a Cauldron of water vpon the fire There are also simples that wil aswel dissolue without fire as with fire in moist things as Gutta Ammoniaci the licour of Sagapeni Panacis Cerapion and Oppoponax Rec. Oppoponacis Galbani Terebenthine Propolis ana parte 1 You ought to take good héed tbat your Propolis be neither dry nor olde but for lack of the other you may put in such as may be gotten but it must be double in waight and the other Simples must be new and liquid ¶ Another of the same effect Rec. Aseti sexta 1. Picis 1 pound Oppoponacis 4. vnces the Pitch must be boyled with the Vinagre Et fiat The vse and facultit of these medicines These medicins afore named are good in punctures of Nerues and for biting of mad Dogs and principally for a wound made by any venemous beast by the reson that they are percing and doo kéep the sides of the wound from shutting togither by the whiche meanes the venim which lyeth within shall the more easely be drawen out But for because that the said medicines are strong you must vse them in strong boisterous bodyes And if the said diseases doo chaunce in tender and delicate people as womeÌ„ and little Children then they must be liquified with some kinde of Oil or resolutiue Vnguent namely Amaricum and Oppobalsamum Then afterwards with Irinum and Comagenum and in sted of these Susinum and Ciprinum or if these be not to be had you shall take Oil. Or if it be in Alexandria you shall take Oleum recinum and Rhaphaninum for surely there is abundance of this aforesaid in Alexandria also through all Egipt But there is not tobe found Oleum sinapinum but with great disicultie the which Oile if it be put in the afore said medicament there is no dout but that it will be much more stronger and better to kéep open the punctures of the Nerues and if you haue no Oppoponax to make the said medicin withall you may take Sagapenum dissolued in Vinagre Rosin or Propolis or some greaces The greaces which are moste requisite in this medicine béeing very olde so that they be sharp and of a suttle substance as of a Lyon Leopard Beare or Fox or els of wilde Ducks Or els these greaces folowing béeing very olde of a Bul or of a Gote And this is to be noted that the older the greaces be the more sharper and namely the greace of a Hog the whiche is more soft and moist then all the aforesaid And of the like nature is Wine and Vinagre and Mary but of all Maryes the best is the mary of a Hart or of a Calf Of these aforesaid medicines Galene dooth counsail to haue in a redinesse the whiche he did alwaies vse in punctures of Nerues wherwith he had good successe The vse of Pigeons dung FOr because that Pigions dung is sharp it must be vsed in the stead of Euphorbium neuerthelesse it is of a more suttle substance theÌ„ Euphorbium wherfore it is more conuenieÌ„t in strong and boisterous people as rusticall bodyes dryed with labours Galen sometimes did mingle metalls togithers beaten in Vinagre in the forme as before hath béen said and by that meanes the medicine was made more sharp euen as though he had put in Verdegrece ¶ Of Medicines called Diabotanum that is to say made of herbes GAlen the interpreter of Phisick and lerned in all thingê would omit nothing whiche did appertain to the curation of wouÌ„ds of Nerues for whiche cause he hath taught diuers maners of curations to the end that if the one should faile they should haue others at all times when néed required and also when vpon the suddaine a Chirurgian is called to visit any Patients wheras the Simples requisit cannot be gotten therfore Galen right wisely hath taught the way to compouÌ„d medicins for wouÌ„ds of Nerues with hearbes in stead of the mettalls aforesaid First the said Galen did compound medicines for wounded Nerues of those herbes which were of a suttle substance Herbs and roots for the composition of medicines that is to wit of Dictamus Amaracus and Malus terrae whiche is Aristolochiae moreouer he did make some in the which he did put in Marou amaricum which is Margerum Polium argemonae whiche is called Aigrimony Chamapitis id est vina artetica centaurium Radicis omnium Aristolochiarum Draconculi Ficus agrestis Brionia Althea Iridis
Presipitatum mingled togither this doon you shall take away the corruption of the bone And then after that you may safely vse your vnctions made with Axungia Gummes Mineralls Oiles and Mercury also if you ad thereto of fine Treacle or Mithridatum it wil be the better You shall anoint the shoulders the muscles of the back the Loines the Hips the Thighs the knées and all the outward members as Legges and Armes But you must take very good héede that you touch not the head the region of the hart the Stomack nor the ridge of the Back Also yee must haue a good respect to ceasse your anointing in suche order that you bring not to muche accidents to the mouth wherby the Pacient might vtterly lose the vse bothe of his tung and teeth Because that so many ignorant Chirurgians haue taken vpon them this cure without either discretion in applying the vnction or ordering of the patient I haue thought good to write ij or thrée woords touching the ordering of the Pacient When the body is prepared of his humors with apt and méet medicines aswel Sirups Decoctions purgings and opening of the Vain according to the disposition of the body the patient shal be placed in a place naturally hot or els otherwise made warme whiche must be frée from all colde hauing the doores windowes and other open places closely stopt for the colde aire is very hurtful bothe for the Sinewy parts and also for the woorking of medicines for it wil deminish hinder the actions therof And in this case ther are many which commit great errors which are worthy of reprehencion for aswel in the winter as in the Summer they anoint the Patients in great and large Chambers where very much ayre entreth Wherfore at the beginning of this cure if the place be not very close warme you shall make a Pauilion with Couerings and suche other like round about a fire by the which meanes you shall keep the colde ayre from the Patient But if it be possible it is better to haue a little chamber close and warme and also continually a pan with Coles in the midst of it If it bee so that the Patients be so weke that they cannot abide the heat of the fire or would be loth to be séen naked as women or maids you shall anoint them lying in their beds First the patient shall put out one Arme and then the other and so the rest of the partes shal be anointed one after an other And you shall vse the Patients from time to time according to the dissease The third error is concerning wounds pearcing into the Brest IT fortuneth often times that the wounds pearce the holownes of the brest so that great quantitie of blood dooth fall down into the bottome of the same and there dooth stay vpon the Diaphragma Diaphragma 〈◊〉 two muscles which go 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the â—â—â—st seperateth the hart froÌ„ the Liuer also the heuinesse of the said blood oppresseth the Diaphragma and putrifieth and ingendreth an euill qualtitie The which putrifaction sending vapours to the hart causeth a continuall feuer and commonly death within â— dayes Of the which the common Chirurgians haue no consideratioÌ„ or els by their ignoraunce they knowe not the cause and so the Patient is destitute of all help Wherfore when you sée that the wound perceth into the Thorax or brest you shal take good aduisemeÌ„t in searchiÌ„g out diligently whether the blood be descended into the lower parte of the Diaphragma the whiche may bee knowen by the stinking of the breath and by the relation of the Patient which dooth féele the blood quiuering or shaking inwardly And also commonly his face wil be of a reddish or hie coulour by reason of the vapours which assend vp And note that at the which side the blood dooth moste remaine in lying vpon the same side the patient shall feel lesse pain then vpon the other because that the said blood oppresseth the Lungs and the Diaphragma the Chirurgian ought to haue a good respect to the signes aboue written and whilst that the strength of the patient is yet remaining it shall bee needful to make way for the said blood to be Euacuated betwéen the fourth v. rib a hand breadth or a little more from the Ridge of the back and your incision knife shall be very sharp also you shall doo it by little and little very gentlely in cutting Mesopleuria or the muscles betwéen the ribs it ought to be doon towarde the lower part of the said muscles for the vain whiche nourisheth them and the ligaments which giueth them their mouing and féeling are placed more abooue then belowe After that the incision is made you shall let out the corrupted blood by little and little according to your discretion and it shall suffise to euacuate euery dressing v. or vi vnces this doon it shal be very profitabe to vse the wunted potions which you shall finde in the writings of learned practitioners which haue largely written of the said potions and by this meanes abooue written I healed foure in one yéer The whiche Cures without the aforesaid remedyes could neuer haue béen holpen for the whiche I giue vnto God moste harty thanks ¶ The fourth error touching the applications of the Traepans Terebelles for fractures of the hed IN the fractures of the Skul there are committed great errors touching the applycation of the Traepan principally when the bone is broken in many partes for they haue no consideration of the shiuering of the skul but apply the Trapan by the which meanes they presse down the shiuers of the bone vpon the Dura mater rent or tere it in such order that it bringeth great gréeuous accidents wherby commonly deth ensueth Wherfore in this case you shal haue a good consideration before that you apply the Traepan for it is better if it be possible in this case to vse other instrumeÌ„tê as Eleuiatories Cisers Lenticulj or such other like to make way for the brused matter which depresseth the Duramater it shal be the better lesse danger for the Patient By this meanes I I haue many times forborne the applying of the Traepan to the profit of my Patients and my good name and estimation Moreouer there bee many Ignorant Chirurgians which without consideration apply the Traepan vpon all partes of the hed aswel vpon the comistures or seames as other places whiche is the cause of the death of many Patients Wherfore they ought to haue a great consideration and to be very diligent in this respect and for to vse their art according to the true method The fift error touching the punctures of Nerues WHen it chaunceth that any is hurt by the punctures of Nerues if hee be not spéedily holpen by some cunning and expert Chirurgian hee is in great danger to fall into conuolsions which is the occasion of many a mans death whiche commonly chaunceth to them that be drest by the Ignorant and