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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	left_a	pike_n	rear_n	3,319	5	12.6170	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43479	The first part of the principles of the art military practiced in the warres of the United Netherlands, vnder the command of His Highnesse the Prince of Orange our Captaine Generall, for as much as concernes the duties of a souldier, and the officers of a companie of foote, as also of a troupe of horse, and the excerising of them through their severall motions : represented by figure, the word of commaund and demonstration / composed by Captaine Henry Hexham, Quartermaster to the Honourable Colonell Goring.; Principles of the art militarie Part 1	Hexham, Henry, 1585?-1650?	1642 (1642)	Wing H1652; ESTC R11968	36,185	55

hand numbred 7 moves first and afterward all the other files noted 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. or the right hand file close all to their order But if you desire to have your files close to the middle then the two middle most files numbred 4. 5. close first to their order of three foote and having their distance the other files numbred 2. 3. and 1. on the right hand and the files 8. 7. and 6. on the left hand closes both waies into their order Secondly Rankes to your Order Close that is To three foote betweene Ranke and Ranke Note that in this motion also the Rankes which stand in their open order on the other page marked with the Letters bc defghi and k moving all to gether in an even front comes up to their order or distance of three foote as this figure demonstrates where both files rankes stand in their order of 3 foote distance Observe that when you exercise a company single you double your front before you wheele in regard the body is smal but in a devision or a greater body you close both your rankes and files to your order as aboue omitting the doubling and then wheele but being a single company when you wheele to the right hand then double your front to the left hand for so the leader of the right hand file will keepe his place on that corner towards which you wheele This figure before you wheele shews your men to stand in their close order in file and their order in ranke as 〈◊〉 Againe when you wheele to the left hand double your front to the right hand and then the two leaderson the left hand doe but onely turne their bodies like the point of a Compasse to that hand whereto they wheele while the body comes about with a faster motion and an even front Note also that after you have wheeled to which hand you list and as often as you will you give in a single company this word of command Halfe files as you were that is as they stood in their order both in ranke and file before but in greater bodies where the doubling is omitted you first open your rankes by giving this terme of direction Rankes backward to your open order and then likewise your files by commanding Files open both waies to your open order of six footes as this figure both in ranke and file represents In opening of Rankes and Files you must make all the Files or Rankes saving the outermost on that hand from whence you meane to open which must stand to moue altogether till the second Ranke or File from that which standeth haue gotten its distance and consequently all the rest Having performed the former Motions you may afterward exercise your company of Pikes and Muskettiers together or if you pleafe each a part To beginne then with the Pikes you may commaund them to doe these motions standing to wit Advance your Pikes Order your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes Charge your Pikes Order your Pikes Traile your Pikes Checke your Pikes But these Motions are to be performed both standing and marching namely Charge your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes To the right hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the left hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the Reere Charge Shoulder your Pikes Stand Order your Pikes First note that in charging halfe the Rankes onely must charge their Pikes the other hindermost halfe of the Rankes doe but port their Pikes that is they cary them so couched over the Heads of the foremost as may giue them no offence either in charging or retyreing Besides this way the Pikes are not so subject to be broken by the shot of the Enemy as when they are advanced Secondly they must likewise obserue when they charge standing to fall back with the right legge and marching to steppe forwards with the left Standing Thirdly the exercising of your Muskettiers is likewise performed either or Marching That is either by Rankes or by Files after three manner of waies to wit first having an Enemy in your front Secondly in your Reere and thirdly vpon your right or left flanke as these figures following in exercising of 260 Pikes Muskettiers besides Officers will demonstrate whereof the first showes the manner of giving fire standing vpon an Enemy in your front by commanding these three termes or direction vnderneath This figure aboue shewes that the first and second rank of both the wings of Muskettiers having given fire are fallen away and are a doing their postures till they come in the vacant Rankes in the Reere noted i k while the third and fourth Rankes on both flankes make ready and advances up to the same ground where the first were even with the front of the Pikes Note also that the first Ranke falling backe with their right legges bending their left knee lies on and giues fire as hath bin taught and the first Ranke falling away the second Ranke in presenting having their pannes garded blowes their matches opens their pannes and steps forward with their left legs into the place of the first ranke lies on giues fire and fall away while the rest of the body of muskettiers mooues up to their place and so two rankes at a time making ready you may giue fire as often as you list You must observe likewise that the muskettiers in all these motions do turne to the right hand so to have a cingular care to carry the mouthes of their muskets aloft aswell when they are shouldred as in priming as also when they keepe their pannes garded and come vp to give fire Moreover if an Enemy should appeare on either your right or left flank and that you resolue to maintain your ground and would gaule him from either flank it is performed by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand which you please and then making an interval of 6 foot distance between the two middlemost leaders of the halfe files e for the halfe rank on the left hand marked a b c d and e do fall away between the files to the Reere before the pikes and the half rank on the right hand k i g h f on the right flank likewise you may giue fire from either or both flankes as you list Again if an Enemy should shew himself in your Reere the like is done by giving this term of derection To the right hand about and having given fire upon them fall away to the place where the front stood even in the same manner as you did before The manner of giving fire marching and advancing towards an Enemy is performed as this figure following represents In advancing towards an Enemy two Rankes must alwaies make ready together advance ten paces forwards before the bodies at which distance a Sarjant or when the body is great some other Officer must stand to whom the Musketteirs are to come up before present and giue fire First the first ranke and whilest the

them to some souldier newly entertained Moreover he is to visit the gards to see that their armes be in good trime to keep the powder bullets and match and to deliver them out to the corporalls and Lanspersadoes In divers companies especially in great garisons there is a corporall of the Gentlemen who is to acquaint them in the field when they are to lie perdues and in garison to call them out in the round-house to goe the round according to their sennority Of a Corporall EVery company is devided into three squadrons and every squadron hath his Corporall and Lanspresado hee is the head of the squadron and ought to be an honest able man sufficient to discharge his duty sober modest and peaceable He is first to have a squadron roule of all the gentlemen and Centinels names of his squadron and when any new souldiers are entertained he is to instruct them in the use of their armes and must not suffer the old souldiers to mock or geere the yonger if they do not their postures as they ought seeing that every man in every science profession must have a time of learning before he can be perfect if he doth not well he must goe over over againe with them patiently untill such time as hee hath made him a good muskettier or pike-man for which he shall get commendations of his captaine and his officers In marching either in his squadron or company the eldest Corporall is to lead the right hand file of the muskettiers the second corporall the left hand file and the third in the midst of the devision Being with his squadron upon his guard he is to provide them wood coales and candle light to keep a continuall fire day and night Having an outguard he shall doe his best endeavour to strenghten as much as in him lieth his little corps de guard and set out his centinels according to the avenues or commings on of the enemy for the cutting off of a centinell and the surprising of a corps of guard is of a great imporrance and may endanger sometimes the overthrow of an Army And therefore it behoves a corporall to be very carefull and vigilant and to visite his centinels often to give them charge to looke well about them to relieve them duely not to suffer them to stand to long especially in cold weather His duty also is not to forget the word but to imprint it in his memory when the Captaine of the watch goes the first round he shall with his sword drawne against his brest give it him and so receive such orders from him as he shall command him And afterward when the round comes againe he shall cause the rounder or gentleman with his sword drawne to give him the word before he let him passe and if upon his guard himselfe or his centinells should heare see or discover any men or light-matches to have his men in readinesse with bullets in their muskets and their matches lighted and to come in silently to give his superiour officers inteligence therof that they be provided before the alarme be given to resist an enemy and to defend the guard To conclude he is to distribute powder bullets match out of his squadron and to have a care that they keep their armes neat cleane And not suffer the holy name of God to be prophaned or taken in vaine vpon his guard Of a Sarjant NExt unto the three chiefe officers of a company aboue mentioned follows the Sarjants of a company wher of there are two to a private company and three to a Colonels or a double company The word Sarjant is borrowed from the French signifieth a charge-bearer A Sarjant then should be a man of experience stirring and vigilant and to have these three qualities a wise man a man of spirit and a man of courage for a good Sarjant is a great help to his captaine and other officers in helping to execute their commands He must be also able sufficient to teach the souldiers the true and perfect use of their armes his duty is to march upon the flanke of the company or devision to see that the souldiers keepes their rankes and files and in the field or in garrison to lead the squadron to their guard to carry to prison with his halbert the signe of his authority such offenders as his captaine or superiour officer shall commit to the Provost marshall In excercising of the company the Sarjants places are upon the right and left flankes to looke that the souldiers stand right in their files and ranks and to see that they performe the termes of direction in every motion given by the Captaine in the front to cause the muskettiers to make ready by rankes and to lead them up to the place where they are to give fire Moreover his duty is to attend on the Sarj ' maiour of the regiment when he is to give out orders from him to receive the word other orders to give it to his captaine lieutenant ensigne corporall to fetch amunition powder match other materialls for the company also to set out perdues see them duely relieved and thus much of the duty of a Sarjant Of an Ensigne AN ensigne ought to be a generous able young man above all things to be carefull of his honour reputation not to meddle with the company but onely his collours which is recommended to his charge neither to command any thing to the souldiers unlesse in the absence of his Captaine and Lieutenant having then full power and command over them and to lead in the head of the company with a Corslet and Pike He ought to be beloved of all the gentlemen and souldiers of the company and to be kind affable and liberall unto them and to do them all curteous offices to their Captaine which will gaine their love and affection towards him His place marching in a devision or battaille unlesse it be a Generalls or a Coronells Ensigne is to march between the third and fourth ranke of the pikes and when the Generall or some Prince passeth by in marching he is to vaile his collours if standing to step up into the Front to do the like reverence without moving of his hat He ought to have a singular care that his collours be garded aswell to his lodging as in other places Also in the day of battaile seeing he carries the honour and Ensigne of his country rather then to loose them hee ought to make them his winding sheet and in the company or in a body or devision hee is to march with gravity and modesty and thus much of an Ensigne Of a Lieutenant FIrst it may be demanded why a Lieutenant is so called and the reason wherefore this name is given him A Lieutenant then is a French word compounded of Lieu a place and tenant the participle of the present tense which signifieth in English holding or

your pan and the thumbe behind the scutchian 7 In presenting draw backe first your left leg to your right and withall stooping a little with your head to your pan being guarded blow off your coale 8 Lying on as in the 12 posture marching opening your pan fal backe with your right leg bring your right hand to the thumbe-hole of your musket presenting a faire body hold your musket hard and closse betweene your brest and your shoulder blade and pulling your tricker with your fore finger give fire 9 Having given fire bring up your right leg againe to your left as in the 7 figure and withall vn cock your match 10 Set forward your left leg againe to your first stand and returne your match betweene the two lesser fingers of your left hand and after that doe these postures following as in the figures marching viz Cleare your pan prime your pan and shut your pan as in the 17 18 and 19 posture marching 11 In taking up the rest hold your musket right up cast off your loose cornes and falling backe with your left leg somewhat stradling bring vp the pan even against your mouth 12 First blow off your loose dust or cornes with a stiffe blast and then cast about yout musket to your left side falling a little backe with your left leg. 13 Having forsaken your rest hold the musket fast in your left hand about the middle of the barrell so as the but end touch not the ground and bringing forward the muzile of your musket to charge your right hand being at liberty do these postures following namely Open your charge Charge with powder draw forth your scouring stick shorten charge with bullet put in stoping ramme home with draw your scovreing sticke shorten and returne as in the 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 and 30 figurs marching 14 Bring forward your musket with your left hand bearing it upright taking it into your right hand at the brich withall bring forward your left leg even with your right as in the 11 figure 15 Hold the musket bolt vpright in your right hand and having the rest in your left hand slip your right hād and your thumbe vpward to the forke as in the marching posture number foure Note by the way that from this poizing posture you may either joyn your rest to your musket es in the fift posture marching or rest your musket as in the first figure standing or else shoulder your musket as in the next figure following 16 Having your musket poized hold the rest a hand full under the forke then bring the musket before your body and your rest crosse over it behind your thumb-hole and so with both hands lay it gently on your shoulder having the rest a crosse your body drawing in your right leg to your left and then falling back againe with your right leg to your stand either stand or march away And thus much for the standing postures of the musket Briefe observations for a Muskettier VVHen a Muskettier is to be excercised in his squadron Company or devision all postures both marching and standing are readily done and reduced to these three words of command to wit Make ready Present Give Fire For first a good Muskettier which hath all his postures perfectly hearing his officer give the first terme of direction make ready will quickly run them over even from vnshouldring of his Musket to the guarding of his panne which is the sixth posture standing and the eleventh marching before he comes to present Secondly in presenting he wil be sure to blow his match well open his panne and fall backe with his right hand to the thumbe-hole of his musket having his fore-finger vpon the tricker setting forward his left legge will attend the next word of direction Thirdly lying on before he comes to give fire bending his left knee will fall back with his right legge bringing the butt end of his musker close betweene his brest and shoulder raising his musket fast and hard to his shoulder will keepe it fast from recoyling resting firme vpon his right legge will give fire Having given fire he takeeth up his musket and rest gracefully and bringing up his right legge againe falls away in his ranke returnes his match cleares his panne prims his panne doth quickly all his postures standing or marching as hath been taught and which shall bee showne more at large by figure when wee come to the excercising of muskettiers in grosse Practised in the warrs of the united Netherlandt NOw followes the true forme of exercising of a Foot Company of 40 pikes and 40 muskettiers besides officers represented by figure the words of Command and demonstration but before we come to the particular motions it is necessary for a yong souldier to know first what a File and a Ranke is Files number 1 The Leader of the right hand file 2 The leader of the left hand file 3 The middle file on the right hand 4 The middle file on the left hand 5 The second file next the right hand 6 The second file next the left hand 7 The third file from the right hand 8 The third file from the left hand The Demonstration Rankes Letter a The first Rank of Leaders b The last Rank of Bringers up c The Rāks of the Leaders of half files to the front d The Rank of the leaders of half files to the Reere e The second Rank next the front f The second Rank next the Reere g The fourth Rank from the front h The fourth Rank from the Reere i The third Rank from the front k The third Rank from the Reere THirdly to vnderstand well the three distances namely Open order order close order The Definition Open order then or the first distance is when the souldiers both in Ranke and File stand sixe foot removed one from an other as the scale and this figure following shewe Observations BEcause the measure of these distances cannot be taken so exactly by the eye we take the distance of sixe foote between File and File by commanding the souldiers as they stand to stretch foorth their armes and stand so remoued one from an other that their hands may meete And for the Rankes we make account we take the same distance of sixe foot when the butt end of the pikes doe almost reach their heeles that march before them THe second distance or your Order is when your men stand three foot remoued one from an other both in Ranke and File and this order is to be vsed when they are embattailled or march in the face of an Ennemy or when they come to stand or when you will wheele as this next figure represents Observations VVEe take the second order or distance betweene File and File by bidding the souldiers sett their armes a Kenbowe and put themselves so closse that their elbowes maye meete And wee reckon wee take the same distance betweene the Rankes when they come vp almust to the swords

first Ranke giues fire the second Ranke keeps their muskets close to their pannes guarded and assoone as the first are falne away the second presently presents giue fire and fall after them Now assoone as the two first rankes do moue from their places in the front the two rancks next it must unshoulder their muskets and make ready so as they may advance forward ten paces as before assoon as ever the first two rankes are fallen away and are to doe in all pointes as the fmorer So all the other rankes through the whole company or division must doe the same by two one after an other A way how to giue fire retreating from an enemy which is performed after this sort as this figure following shows As the troupe marcheth the hindermost rank of all keeping still with the troupe maketh ready and being ready the souldiers in that ranke turne altogether to the right hand and giue fire marching presently away a good round pace to the front their place themselves in a Ranke together iust before the front Assoone as the first Ranke turneth to giue fire the Ranke next makes ready and doth as the former and so all the rest Last of all the troupe or whole wing of Muskettiers makes ready altogether standing and the first Ranke without advancing giues fire in the place it standts in speedily as may be yet orderly falles away the Rankes doing the same successiuely one after another A manner how to giue fire either from the right or left hand flanke as these 6 files of 60 Muskettiers demonstrates To the right hand present giue fire Captaine to the left hand present giue fire The Demonstration The company or division marching the outermost file next the enemy are commanded to make ready keeping still along with the Bodie till such time as they be ready they turne all to the right or left hand according to the fight of their Enemy either upon their right or left flanke and giue fire all together when thy haue discharged they stirre not but keepe their ground and charge their peeces againe in the same place they stand Now assoone as the aforesaid file doth turne to give fire the outmost next it makes ready alwaies keepeing along with the troupe till the bringers vp be past a little beyond the Leader of that file that gave fire last and then the whole file must turne and giue fire an doe in all points as the first did and so all the rest one after another A Sarjant or if the troupe be great some better qualified Officer must stand at the head of the first file and assoone as the second file hath given fire and hath charged he is to lead forwards the first file vp to the second file and so to the rest one after an other till he hath gathered again the whole wing and then he is to ioyne them againe in equall front with the pikes A BRIEFE Index of the points postures and severall motions contained in this first part of the Principles of the Art Militarie THe first is the duties of a private Souldier a Gentleman of a Companie and of all the Officers belonging to a Companie of Infanterie or Foote pages 1. 1. 3. 2. The Armes belonging to a Pike-man a Muskettier represented by figure 4. 3. The directions and the Postures of a Pike-man pages 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. The directions postures of a Muskettier marching pages 10. 11. 12. 13. 5. The direction the Centinell postures standing pag. 14. 15. 6. Briefe observations for a Muskettier pag. 16. 7. The beginning of the exercising of a Companie of Foote consisting of 40. Pikes 40. Muskettiers and the definition what a File and a Ranke is with the Demonstration of the dignity of Files and Ranks pag. 17. 8. Of the three distances obserued in exercising of a Companie to wit Open-order Order Closse-order with the definition thereof observations there-vpon pag. 18. 19 9. Of conversions turnings with the words of Commaund pages 20. 20. 10. The standing in open order fit for the doubling of Ranks Files pag. 21. 11. The doubling of Rankes pages 21. 22. 23. 12. The doubling of Files pages 24. 25. 26. 27. 13. The doubling of the Front by half files pages 28. 29. 30. 31. 14. The Countermarchings either to the right or left hand pages 32. 33. 34. 35. 15. Observations before wheelings pag. 36. 16 The wheelings to the right or left hand or about pages 37. 38. 39. 17. The opening of Ranks and Files pag. 40. 18. The posture of the Pikes commaunded either marching or standing the several givings of fire pages 41. 42. 43. 44. For the Cavallrie 19. Secondly the duties of a private Horse a Gentleman the severall charges and Officers belonging to a troupe of Horse beginning with letter A. pages 1. 2. 3. 20. The Armes belonging to a Curassier a Harquebusier pag. 4. of the managing of his Horse and their Armes represented by figure pag. 5. 21. The directions postures of a Curassier a Harquebussier represented with their words of Commaund in two great plates pages 6. 7. 8. 22. The exercising of a Esquadron of Cavallrie according to his Highnesse the Prince of Orange by the way of figure the word of Commaund directions pag. 9. 10. 11 23. His Highnesse order for filing and marching of Horse pag. 12. Thirdly an Appendex of Marshall discipline enacted and statuated by the Lords the States Generall his Highnesse for the Militia of the Vnited Provinces beginning with letter A. B. C. D. THe Book-binder is to follow in this first part in binding it first the Tytle and Dedication sheete then letter A. B. C. D. E. E2 and the half sheete for turning pages 21. 21. because a half sheete comes in here E3 F. G. H. I. K. L. L2 and this half sheete which makes L3 and so ends this first part for the Printer according to the figures of the pages hath committed an errour in not figuring the pages right FINIS BRIEFE Instructions of the Duties of a Horseman and the severall Officers belonging to a Troupe of Horse practised in the service of the Lordes the States Generall of the united Provinces vnder the Commaund of his highnesse the Prince of Orange FIrst the Cavallrie or Horse are ordered into two Troupes namely either a Troupe of Curaissiers which are heavelie armed consisting of able and lustie men and the highest and strongest horses or a Companie of Harquebussiers or Carabines which are more lightly armed as shal be discribed in the States list following The Officers then of a Troupe of Horse and the dutie of a Horseman or a centinell through their severall degrees are these 1 A Horseman 2 A Good-Smith or Farrier 3 A Clark or Fourrier 4 Two Trumpetters 5 Three Corporals 6 A Quartermaster 7 A Cornet 8 A Lieutenant and 9 A Captaine