Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	fire_v	move_v	rear_n	5,354	5	13.2178	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54357	The perfection of military discipline after the newest method, as practised in England and Ireland, &c., or, The industrious souldiers golden treasury of knowledge in the art of making war containing instructions for the exercising the pike and musket in all their postures, with the signs of the drum, by its beating the several points of war, the exercise of granadeers, horse, and dragoons : the explanation of the words of command, and how to be put in practice ... : the several doublings, wheelings, and drawing up of battalions, squadrons of horse, &c. with the conduct of armies in open or inclosed countries, or upon any occasion or immergency ... the method to be observed in garrisons, and the manner of fortification, with that of besieging strong holds, &c. to which is added, as a second part, The art of gunnery, or, The compleat engineer : shewing the practice of the ordnance, mortars, &c. with the manner of making and using fire-works for war, at sea and land, and many other things necessary to be known for the improvement of souldiers.		1690 (1690)	Wing P1532; ESTC R18339	60,614	163

the Musketiers must be in the middst and the Pikes as Flankers The Figure of the four Fronted Battle c. To Fire upon this Figure the Musketiers must do it in Rank and after Fireing wheel off to the Right making their passage through the intervals and placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division successively maintaining the same Ground or if you would bring the Musketiers to the Angles and reduce the Pikes to the middle then must the Musketiers take place on the Flanks when you make the Figure To reduce this Figure The whole Body is commanded to Face to the proper Front And then Musketiers in the Rear March up on the Left of the Musketiers in the Front Musketiers in the Flank Face inward and close your Division These Commands given cause the Pikes to march up taking their places directly after their Leaders and by that means they will be brought into a sollid square The Commands are Musketiers Face to the Right and Left inward Pikes Face inward interchanging Ground The Hollow Fronted Cross Battle how to form it THE Files in this case being eight Men in depth the words of Command are thus to to be given The two first Ranks wheel your Front into the midst Two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst The rest Face to the Right and Left March Here they must move untill they have made the Cross then the Musketiers must Flank the Pikes as for example in the following Figure Proper Front Front of the Right Flank Front of the Rear Front of the left Flank If you come to Fire in this Figure it may be done every way as at Front Rear and Flanks the Fire made they must wheel off by Division and take their stations in the Rear of their own Division moving forward into the Leader's Ground that the form of the Figure may not be altered and when the second Fire is given the Pikes must move leisurely up Porting as they Advance till they make an even Front with the Musketiers the second Fireing being made those that fired are to wheel and place themselves in the Rear of that Division of Pikes which they Flanked which order all the Ranks must observe upon Fireing and by the Pikes Charging and Re-advancing the Figure will be preserved and the Reducement may be observed in what is directed for the Reducement of the cross Battel How to frame the hollow Square with Angles when required to be guarded with Pikes IN this case the Pikes being Advanced the Command must be Pikes close your Divisions before the Musketiers Pikes face all to the Right upon this they must Advance and move into the space between the Angles of the Musketiers by which means the following Figure will be formed c. Front In fireing upon this Figure you have your choice to fire either to the Rear Front or Flank as many Ranks as will stand with conveniency who upon fireing must wheel off and keep the ground or upon fireing they may retire into the Figure and charge for a second fireing How to form the Quintuple hollow Square c IN forming the following Figure the Musketiers having made Ready and taken their station in the middle make the hollow Front cross Battel by wheeling the Front of the two first Ranks into the middle which done the Rear of the two last Ranks must be wheeled into the midst likewise then the rest of the Body must Face to the Right and the Left and March till they have formed a Square whereupon the words of Command are Face to the Front Rear and Flanks This done the Pikes in the Front of the Musketiers must be Commanded viz. Open to the Right and Left Upon this the last Rank of Pikes must be even with the first Rank of Musketiers and then these words of Command follow viz. Two first Ranks of Musketiers of each Division move forward clear of the Pikes This done the following Figure will be produced In fireing upon this Figure the Command is Musketiers in the midst close to the Front Rear and Flanks Fire c. The Musketiers ought upon the first fireing to make good their Ground the second time fireing over they must Rank even with the Pikes and upon the third fireing the Pikes must move somewhat forward and the Musketiers loose Ground by which means a hollow Fronted Cross is formed and the Pikes must Port and Charge in the Angles whilst the Fire is made by the Musketiers The form of a hollow square Battle impaled with Shot TO bring this into Figure and Order the Serjeants must draw forth the odd Files on the right Flanks as well Muskets as Pikes then give Command to the odd Files of the left Flank Pikes and Musketiers viz. Face to the Rear This must be observed in wheeling to the left Cross the Rear following the Bringers up then the Command to the rest of the Body is Close to the Right and Left outward This must be till the Rear Angles of each Division be in opposition to each other then the Command is All Face to the Center Face all about to the Right By this means the following Figure is formed Noe In these Figures that C stands for Commander in Chief L for Lieutenant E for Ensign S for Serjeant and D for Drums P are Pikes and M Muskets To Fire upon this Figure when the Ranks of Musketiers have presented and fired they are to wheel off to the right and left through the Intervals that so they may be made in the middle of each Division as appears in the Figure and then they must place themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank moving into their Ground or if any urgency require it the Musketiers having fired they may wheel off and take their station in the Rear of their following Division of Pikes which Division is to move forward and maintain the Musketiers Ground If you would reduce the Order the word of Command to the whole Body is Face to the left Angles of the Front Division Upon this they must March and even their Ranks and straighten their Files upon which the half Files must double their Ranks to the left forwards and the first Order will be regained Directions or general Observation in giving Battel THough there can no certain Rule be ascribed where the Contingencies are various yet it has been observed by experienced Commanders that Rules are necessary wherefore a Commander must avoid engaging against his Will as much as in him lies and take the happy moment to charge the Enemy when he sees an active Liveliness and sprightly Vigour in his Souldiers chosing the most advantageous Ground according to the quality and number of his Men sheltering for fear of being enclosed one of the Wings or Flanks to a place strong either by Nature or Art and bring on the Divisions of Horse and Foot at their ordinary distance placing the best Regiments of Horse and Foot on the Wings if

are to have their Arms straight before them ready Cockt and Gaurded and the Pikes being Ported they must charge when the Musketiers Present and then ensue the further words of Command viz. The five first Ranks kneel The Rear Ranks Present Fire The Fifth Rank stand up Present Fire The Fourth Rank stand up Present Fire In this manner the rest must be Commanded when they have fired they are to Charge again and make themselves in readiness to expect the next word of Command and this Order of Fireing may be performed by two or three Ranks at a time the first kneeling the second stooping and the third standing up In fireing to gain ground observe this Order The Battalion marching he that is to give the word of Command proceeds thus First Ranks of Musketiers make ready Halt Upon this the intire Battalion must Halt then he is to Command the Musketiers of the first Rank To Present Fire And as soon as they have fired they must recover their Arms not expecting any word of Command and with a swift pace File off to the Right and Left into the Rear observing ever when the first Rank Presents the next Rank is to make Ready and as the first files off the next must make good the Front Battalion marching and every Rank to fire in this Order and at the presenting of every Rank the Pikes without Command The manner of Fireing to the Front Retreating If the Enemy press your Battalion in Front and you cannot make good your Ground you may to prevent their pressing on Fire Retreating in single Ranks in the same manner as when you are to gain Ground except after the fireing of every Rank and their having filed off to the Right and Left into the Rear instead of the next Ranks advancing to make good the Front of the Pikes the Pikes must make their Retreat to the Musketiers who must keep their Ground till the Pikes make an even Front equal with them and the rest of the Ranks in their Fireing and Retreating are to observe this Method The manner of Fireing in the Flank If a Battalion be upon the March and is constrained by reason of the pressing of the Enemy to Fire to both Flanks it is to be thus performed Keep the Ranks at six foot distance and the intervals of that distance must be carefully observed between the Muskets and Pikes in their Divisions and this must be done by causing the Musketiers to incline to the right and left upon every fireing to the Flanks The words of Command are viz. To the right and left hand Files of Musketiers make Ready Which they must do and keep along with the Body not facing to the Flanks till they are commanded to Present and when they have fired they are to face to the Rear being thereupon lead a thwart very quick by the Serjeants and so up between their own Divisions and the Pikes and as soon as ever the next Flank Files Present those that succeed or support them are to make Ready without expecting the word of Command as is many other cases has been instanced keeping a long with the Body till they are bid Present and this Order must be observed till all the Files have fired each man upon fireing falling back with his right Leg in case of fireing to the Rear which many times stands instead especially upon being Charged by a greater number or upon a Retreat you must observe the following Order The manner of Fireing in the Rear The words of Command directing this way of Fireing are first The Rear Ranks of Musketiers make Ready By which is understood Cocking and Guarding Then Present Fire Upon these words the Souldiers must turn to the Right-about casting their left Legs backwards then Present and Fire which done they must recover their Arms without any word of Command marching up into the Front and there taking their Stations and note that as soon as the first Rank is bid Present the next is to make Ready without Command but must not face to the Rear till Commanded to Present and when the first Rank is bid to Present the Pikes must march till such time as the Rear of the Pikes are even with the next Rank of Musketiers that have made Ready by which means room will be left in the Front for that Rank that fires to bring themselves up even with the first Rank of Pikes every Rank being to do the like by the same Order The manner of Fireing the Street-way THis Fireing is generally made to defend against Horse that attempt to Charge in the Front when the Pikes are few then the Rear half Files of Pikes must double the Front upon this Command viz. Rear half Files of Pikes to the Right Double your Front March Musketiers to the Right about March The Musketiers being clear of the Pikes the following Commands are to be given Musketiers face to the Right and Left inwards March Upon this Command they are to joyn the Center of the Pikes and the Commandan● proceeds viz. Face to your Leader Hereupon the care of the Officers must b● to observe the Shot and the Pikes equall● Wing the former keeping no more distance from the latter then to give space for the Ensigns Drums and Hoitboys to com● between then the Captains are to take place in the first Ranks of the Pikes and the Lieutenants with the Musketiers and according as the Body is bigger or lesser one or more of the Serjeants must see the two first Ranks of Musketiers to face to the right or left and when the Command is given by the Chief Commandant viz. Port your Pikes The Musketiers of the two first Ranks must make Ready and at the word March the two first Ranks are to be brought up by the Serjeants to the right or left according as it is ordered who by two and two siting up they thwart under the Pikes and there they are to face to the proper Front without expecting any VVord of Command and to make two Ranks and that some are may be ever reserved 't is most expedient to fire but one Rank at a time the second being cock'd or guarded to stand either of them as near to the Pikes as the Management of their Arms will permit then the VVord is to be given viz. First Ranks of Musketiers kneel Upon which they must fall-back with their right legs keeping their left fixed their arms-upright before them their left hands even with their mouths then the further word of Command is given viz. Present Fire Immediately upon fireing they are to recover their Arms without expecting the word of Command and so file off on the contrary hand they advanced on with as much speed as they can the Serjeants leading them close by the Body unto the Rear placing them there in their proper Files The Musketiers being commanded to Present the Pikes must port very low without any other word and in the same Order to raise their Pikes as soon

always in this there is one Battery bigger than the rest called the Royal Battery which generally fronts the Town besieged and is frequently raised as high as the Walls and these Batteries must labour to dismount the Cannon of the besieged as well as batter the Walls for thereby the Enterprise will be facilitated but many times the Flankers are covered in a manner by the Counterscarp which must thereupon be laid open or possessed by the besiegers to gain a more uninterrupted Access and if the besieged Parly and send out to make terms Hostilities ought to cease till those that came out are returned unless the besiegers will refuse to hearken to any Parly which is not often observed unless the matter be carried so far that the breaches are laid open and there is no way or means for a longer Defence then instead of gaining Conditions they are forced to surrender upon Discretion If by Battery Mining throwing Bombs or a perpetual tiring the Enemy the Town is saultable and a general Storm be intended it must however be the General 's care as much as in him is to keep his intentions from the besieged but pretending one thing suddenly change the Order into another for by it the Enemy is accused and the Souldiers Spirits are kept up this Rule was observed by the Duke of Lorain in taking of Buda and proved very successful as it has done in the like upon other occasion The Court Martial or Council of War what is to be considered therein IT is necessary the young Souldiers should have some insight in this Affair to prevent his ignorantly incurring Danger and in this Case in an Army or Incampment the Council of War meet at the General 's Tent or Quarters and to this are called the Lieutenant-Generals the Major-Generals the Brigadiers as likewise the Collonels and Commanders of Bodies where it is requisite or that the Matter concerns their Regiment There are private Court-Martials or Councils of War frequently held in Garrisons and these may be held at the Governour 's House or in any other convenient place as the Governour shall appoint or if it be in a Camp it may be at the Collonel's Tent and he thereupon is to send notice to the Captains of his Regiment to be present those whose business it is to be there being assembled the Collonel or Governour or whose Right it is to be President takes place at the upper end of the Table and the Captains in their Degree and if there be no Judge-Advocate or he be absent the Town-Major Aid-Major or Quarter-Master discharges that Office and accordingly takes his place at the lower end of the Table As for the Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns they have Priviledge to be there but only as Spectators with their Hats off and if the Matter be of consequence after it is opened by the President the youngest Officers gives first his Opinion and so the rest in Order the President being the last and being put all in Writing the Matter happens conform to the plurality of Votes and then is to be signed by the President if the matter is to be judged of by this Council or Court then the Party accused is brought before them and being informed of what he stands accused the Questions proper to the matter of his Accusations are asked him and then he has Liberty to reply as in case of civil Judicature when being withdrawn in the custody of the Marshal who is the Goaler of this Court the proof against him is considered and every one gives his opinion upon his Conscience and he stands or falls by the plurality of Voices and being called in and made acquainted with what has been determined the Sentence is pronounced by the President in the name of the Court c. and if he be guilty 't is the business of the Provost Martial to see it put in Execution and if the Punishment be publick the Regiment ought to be drawn up Spectators as a warning to them in offending c. but a Souldier for the Honour of the Profession is not to undergo any infamous Punishment before he be degraded of his Arms and his Coat in publick strip'd off and to frame this Court there must be no less than Seaven the President being one many times for want of a sufficient number of Superiour Officers Inferiour Officers are admitted but not often Of divers Figures in Battel-Array or for Fireing c. THere are various Figures wherein an Army or a Body of Men may be drawn up besides these we have named wherefore for the satisfaction of the more curious and for the greater variety it will be convenient to incert them by way of Prospect c. If you would draw up a cross Battle in the following Figure you may do it with a private Company or as many as you please and to bring them into form The words of Command are viz. The first two Ranks wheel your Front into the midst The two last Ranks wheel your Rear into the midst These words being given the next Command must be The rest of the Body Face to the right and left March The March must be continued till the Rear of the four Divisions make an even Hollow that may be square after that the Commander must go into the middle and give these words of Command viz. To the Center face all by which means he may give them directions what to do and then proceed further to say Face all about to the Right which makes the cross Battle Of the two Divisions one after the other Then Face all to the proper Front So you have all your Musketires in the midst flanked with Pikes Then Musketiers Face The Cross Battel Face to the right and left outward Pikes face to the right and left inward pass through and interchange ground So is your Body reduced to its first Front and Order If you would fire upon this Figure consider there are two ways in general and of these first it is to be noted when the Musketiers give Fire thereupon placing themselves in the Rear of their own Division the next Rank is after they have Fired place themselves in the Rear of the Pikes To Reduce the Cross Battle The Officers in the middle must give the Command viz. Face all to the Centre And then further proceed to Command those Divisions that were Flankers viz. Close to your Order The four fronted Battle called the Plynthium how to frame it by Command TO order this the Command must be viz. Half Files of Pikes Face to the Rear March This they must observe till clear of the Ranks of the Musketiers and then the Command is Half Files of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left March This must be done in marching between the Divisions of Pikes then the further word is Left half Ranks of the first Division of Musketiers Face to the Right and March between the Rear Division of Pikes In this case it is noted that

out of Order that may turn to your Advantage or Hindrance for a Battle seldom succeeds well where the Order is not observed with the greatest Exactness 5. The Battle is that which is usually called the Charge or Signal to Charge the Enemy so that upon this the Souldier must raise his Spirit to the highest pitch of Fury though with caution for Valour and Prudence ought to go hand in hand if you would attain to things noble and great 6. The Retreat This is beat when at any time the Enemy is too strong or by drawing off to better your ground you may gain a better Advantage or expect greater Succour as when an Out-guard or Party finds it self over-charged it Retreats to the main Body or when on a sudden an advanced Party espies an Ambushment Besides these there are two others used but they are not properly called Points of War viz. The Tatto or Tapto and the Revalley The first of these is used in a Garrison or upon the Rounds both to warn the Souldiers and Inhabitants when they ought to repair to their Quarters or Guard and when to shut the Doors that so if any Spies be abroad they may be the better distinguished for when the Tapto is returned to the Body of Gaurds a warning Peice ought to be shot off after which no person ought to be out of his Quarters or from his Post unless the Watch-word be given him The Revalley takes as is most likely its Denomination from the French word Reveiller which signifies as much as to arise up or awake from sleep for this is beaten in the Morning to give notice to the People that they may be safely abroad at which time the Out-Centinels are taken off There are of late other things signified by the Drum as the manner of Exercise but it being mostly according to Humour the Drum-Majors ought to give it to every File-leader in writing that so he may be able to direct his File by his Example what they are to do till the Souldiers are perfect in it and the reason why we so direct is because it is variable and not so substantial as the word of Command There are at this day in many Regiments Hoitheys used instead of the ancient Flutes but they have no significant Sign being only to chear and raise the Spirits of the Souldiers that their labour may seem the less The Exercise of Dragoons or Musketiers on Horse-back IN this to shorten any tedious Prologue or Intricacy we will suppose the Dragoons to be ready in the Field drawn up in three Ranks having advanced their Muskets the Officers taken their Stations and all things in a readiness for the word of Command 1. Dragoons have a care 2. Sling your Muskets 3. Make ready your Links 4. Clear your right Foot of your Stirrop 5. Dismount Here they must stand ready at their Horses heads and the six out-side men continue mounted that so they may hold and guard the Horses 6. Link your Horses to the Left 7. March clear off your Horses and Shoulder as you March 8. Halt Upon these words of Command the Battalion by the care of the Officers is to be formed as the Foot viz. 1. Have a care of the Exercise 2. Officers to the Right-about 3. Take your Posts in the Rear of the Battalion 4. March In this Ordering the Serjeants and Corporals must fall into the Flank and Rear of the Battalion and the Commission Officers form a Rank in the Rear 5. Dragoons have a care Upon this they must pull off their Gloves of the right hand and stick them in their Girdles 6. Lay your right hand to your Muskets 7. Poise your Muskets 8. Rest your Muskets 9. Cock and Guard 10. Present 11. Fire 12. Recover your Arms with the Cock half Bent. 13. Rest upon your Muskets 14. Handle your Daggers 15. Draw forth your Daggers 16. Fix them in the Muzle of your Muskets 17. Poise your Muskets 18. Charge to the Front 19. To the Right Charge four times 20. To the Right-about Charge 21. To the Left-about Charge 22. To the Left Charge four times 23. To the Left-about Charge 24. To the Right-about Charge 25. Recover your Arms. 26. Rest upon your Muskets 27. Handle your Daggers 28. Withdraw your Daggers 29. Place your Daggers 30. Poise your Muskets 31. Rest your Muskets 32. Clean your Pans 33. Open your Cartridge Box. 34. Handle your Primer 35. Sink and Prime 36. Return your Primer 37. Shut your Pan with your Fore-fingers 38. Blow off your loose Corns At which time you must Recover your Arms. 39. Cast about to Charge 40. Handle your Cartridge 41. Take out your Cartridges which done you must presently shut the Box. 42. Open them with your Teeth 43. Charge with Powder and Ball. 44. Draw forth your Scowerers 45. Shorten them to an Inch. This must be done against your Breath 46. Put it into the Muzle of your Musket 47. Ram down Powder and Ball. 48. Withdraw your Scowerer 49. Shorten it to an Inch as before 50. Place your Scowerer 51. Moise your Muskets 52. Shoulder your Muskets 53. Poise your Musket 54. Rest your Musket 55. Lay down your Arms. 56. Quit your Arms. 57. To the Right-about 58. March clear off your Arms and break Being marched clear off the Arms they must offer as if they dispersed but upon the first beat of Drum they must swiftly return with a Huzza every one drawing in that motion his Sword then each must stand over his own Arms to expect further Command viz. 59. Return your Swords 60. Handle your Arms. 61. Rest upon your Arms. 62. Poise your Muskets 63. Sling your Muskets 64. To the Right-about 65. March to your Horses 66. Vnlink your Horses 67. Shorten your Bridles 68. Put your left Foot in your Stirrup 69. Mount 70. Fasten your Links 71. Vnsling and Advance your Muskets Though this Exercise is for the most part like the Exercise of the Fire-Lock Musket on Foot whether to know any thing difficult we refer you yet these are many times obliged to fight on Horse-back as being appointed and necessary for the succour either of Horse or Foot as occasion or advantage offers therefore it will be requisit to speak something of their fireing on Horse-back The Exercise of Dragoons on Horse-back as to their Fireing c. THE Dragoons having advanced their Muskets on their right Thigh must expect the words of Command viz. 1. Ioyn your left hand to your Musket 2. Cock and Guard 3. Rest your Muskets on your Bridle hand 4. Present 5. Fire 6. Recover your Arms with the Cock halt bent This being observed they are in a posture to March Wheel or Face as shall be Commanded or seen most Expedient These Dragoons were at first entertained for swift Marches passing deep Ways or Waters to keep equal pace with the Horse till the Foot at more leasure could come up but being since found very necessary to defend against the shot of the Musketiers

they have been continued and are no more than a kind of Musketiers on Horse-back Granadiers on Horse-back what their Exercise is and how to perform it with Dexterity c. THese as the Dragoons often fight on Foot and therefore though when they are on Horse-back they may be Exercised as the Horse yet it is most convenient whenever they March Wheel Face or Halt that they do not bear up too close nor do it in thick Files but between every File leave three foot distance at least the easier to dismount and March clear off their Horses or Face about as occasion shall require when in this manner being marched into the Field with their Arms loaden Hats on and the the word to Halt given the Commanding Officer having bid Silence must thus proceed viz. 1. Granadiers have a care 2. Sling your Muskets In this doing have your left hand upon your Sling 3. Put on your Caps 4. Right and Left-hand Men of each Rank keep Mounted 5. Clear your right Foot off the Stirrup In this case they must handle their Muskets casting them backwards 6. Dismount This must be done altogether with a quick motion 7. Make ready your Links 8. Link your Horses to the Left 9. March clear off your Horses This may be done by a third or second Rank marching through as soon as clear handling at the same time their Muskets 10. Halt 11. Lay your right hands on your Muskets 12. Poise your Muskets facing to the Right 13. Rest your Muskets 14. Cock and Guard 15. Present 16. Fire 17. Recover your Arms. Here you must have your Muskets half bent 18. Cast about to the Left 19. Draw your Dagger 20. Fix them in your Muskets 21. Recover your Arms. 22. Charge to the Front 23. To the Right Charge four times 24. To the Right-about Charge 25. As you were 26. To the Left Charge four times 27. To the Left-about 28. As you were 29. Recover your Arms. 30. Cast about to the Left Hold on this word of Command your right hands on your Daggers 31. Withdraw your Daggers 32. Return your Daggers 33. Poise your Muskets 34. Clean your Pan. 35. Open your Cartridge Box. 36. Take out your Primer 37. Prime 38. Return your Primer 39. Shut your Pan. In doing this bring your Piece up quick before you 40. Blow off your loose Corns 41. Cast about to Charge 42. Take out your Cartridges immediately shutting the Boxes 43. Vncap your Cartridge with your Teeth 44. Load with Powder and Ball. 45. Draw forth your Scowerer 46. Shorten it to an Inch. 47. Place it in the Barnel 48. Ram home Powder and Ball. 49. Withdraw your Scowerer 50. Shorten it to a handful 51. Return your Scowerer 52. Poise your Musket Do this before you 53. Shoulder your Musket Upon this word seize the Slings with your left hands 54. Sling your Muskets 55. Handle your Pouches the same with the Foot Granadiers 56. Open your Pouches 57. Take forth your Granadoe In doing this extend your right hand before you 58. Shut your Pouches Do this that it may appear but one Motion the left hands being held-up all at a height 59. Wncase your Fuzee In doing this you must face to the Front having fallen back with your right Leg bringing it even with the Left 60. Handle your Match 61. Blow your Match 62. The first Rank Fire your Fuzee 63. Deliver your Granadoe Upon this Delivery you must unsling your Muskets At this Command the second Rank must advance through the Right having their Match in Order ready to blow and place themselves six Foot before the Rank 64. Blow your Match 65. Fire your Fuzee 66. Deliver your Granadoe Upon this your Musket being unslung you must stand ready Cockt and Guarded then the third Rank is to march on the Right six foot frontward of the second 67. Blow your Match 68. Fire your Fuzee 69. Deliver your Granadoe This done unsling and stand Cockt and Guarded and upon this Command the first or proper Front must speedily March through at six foot distance 71. First Rank Fire After this word the first Rank must fix their Daggers in the Muzles of their Muskets and the second and third must imitate the first successively as the same words of Command come to their turn 72. Recover your Arms. 73. Cast about to the Left 74. Withdraw your Daggers 75. Poise your Muskets doing it to the proper Front 76. Shoulder your Muskets 77. To the Right-about In this doing take up your first ground in your March opening your Ranks 79. To your Leader 80. Poise your Muskets 81. Rest upon your Arms. 82. Lay down your Arms. 83. To the Right-about 84. March In marching the Ranks must be broken in manner of dispersing then upon beat of Drum you must draw your Swords face about recover your Order and return to your Arms with a Huzza 85. Return your Swords 86. Handle your Arms. 87. Recover and Poise 88. Shoulder your Muskets 89. Poise your Muskets 90. Face to the Right-about 91. Sling your Muskets 92. March your Horses In this last performance the second and third Ranks must March and standing at their Horses heads face to the Front 93. Vnlink your your Horses 94. Fasten your Links When this is done you must shorten your Bridles 95. Put your Feet in the Stirrups Here you must lay your Muskets over your Sadles 96. Mount your Horses This must be done altogether as if it were but one Motion and the Officers whose business it is are to see the Ranks compleated in good Order 97. Handle your Swords 98. Draw your Swords 99. Place your Swords Here you must put your Sword into your Bridle hand 100. Handle your Pistol which must be ever the Left 101. Draw your Pistol 102. Cock your Pistol Here you must keep the Cock gaurded with your Thumb 103. Present In this doing bear up your hand even with the Cock 104. Fire Here you must observe not to take down your Pistol till the next word of Command which is 105. Return your Pistol and the same Order must be observed upon drawing the right Pistol till you return it c. 106. Handle your Muskets 107. Vnsling your Muskets 108. Mount your Muskets If you are to Charge on Horse-back with the Musket which is not done but upon great oceasion the Peice being Charged the words of Command are viz. 1. Cock your Muskets 2. Present your Muskets 3. Give Fire In this doing you must keep your Musket in its posture till the next word of Command viz. 4. Sling your Muskets 5. Handle your Swords Do it by taking your Swords in your right hands 6. March In Marching the Officers commanding may bring them to any moving posture as Wheeling Facing c. by giving his words of Command with such deliberation that those who are more peculiar to take notice may see each Individual Part perform his Exercise and that they mannag● their Horses as they ought These Instructions put in practice ma● greatly

forward the young Souldier thoug● indeed a heedful practice is the Life of Exercise The Exercise of Horse so properly called THough as to the words of Command i● Exercise they are not many yet various are the Actions to be performed by them as after we have given an account of the known words of Command shall be shew'd at large and in this case when a Squadron or Troop is appointed to Exercise having their Carbines and Pistols Loaden the Corporals must pass through the Ranks and see that they are all ready which done the Chief Officer commands Silence and gives the words viz. Lay your right hands on your Sword Draw your Swords Put your Swords in your Bridle-hands Lay your hands on your Pistels Cock your Pistols Hold up your Hands Give Fire When you have given Fire you must not let your Pistol hand fall till the next word of Command be given viz. Return your Pistols And this you must obseve in Fireing the right and Left again Lay your hands on your Carbines Advance your Carbines Cock your Carbines Fire Let fall your Carbines Take your Swords from your Bridle-hands Return your Swords These motions must be exactly observed every man doing each particular motion at one and the same time the word of Command for that purpose being given deliberately that there may be no mistake In drawing up a Body of Horse that is when the Body is drawn up the Officers that command not in Chief ought to keep close to their Men but the Chief Commandant must be about a Horses length before them to see more exactly what is done and so it must be observed in Marching It is further to be noted at this day that when a Squadron of Horse is to Wheel if to the Right the right hand men must not close to the Left as formerly for that puts the Rank many times out of Order but they must keep thei● Ground suffering the left to come about whilst they only turn their Horses heads observing their left hand Men. This may serve for the Motions which the Officers are to take care of yet there remains many other curious Matters to which we proceed To Close the Files 1. If you would be at close Files To close your Files The righr Wing File stand Close your Files To the Right To the Left As you were To the left Wing an● stand To the Left by Files close the Squadron To the Right As you were The righ● and left Wing Files stand By half Ranks close Files to the right and left or by closing Files you may cleave the Squadron The manner of Closing the Ranks File-Leaders stand By Ranks close the Squadron to the Front On the Front as you were or open to the Ranks on the Front to the first distances The manner of doubling Ranks By half Files to the Right Double your Ranks to the Front File Leaders Advance your Rank Half Files take your Ground In this manner you may Command to the Left The first half Files stand By half File Leaders on the left Wing double your Ranks to the Front Now if you would reduce this again observe the following Command viz. Right Wing half Rank Advance your Ranks Half File-Leader take your Ground The first half File stand By half File-Leaders on the right and left Wings then double your Ranks to the Front Carocolling to the right and left then the last half File stand and the first half Files by Carocol to the right and left on the Wings after this double your Ranks to the Rear Here the first half File must observe to open the half Rank to the Right and Left The first half File by Carocol To the Right and Left double your Ranks to the Rear In this case let the last half File open the half Rank to the Right and Left and since these words Carocol and Conversion may appear difficult to understand it will be convenient to explain the Motion When you are to Wheel by Carocol observe that it is made by the depth or flank of of the Squadron by which means the Rank and not the File makes the Motion Conversion in Wheeling is performed by the Front of the Squadron by which means the File remains whilst the Rank makes the Motion Directions for Wheeling by Conversion with the Word of Command WHen we say to the Right by Conversion it is to be understood That you ought to close your Right Leg to the Horse your Knee touching that of the right hand man's and so you must do in the word of Command to the Left as when we say Close the Left Wing then must the left Leg closed By half Ranks and by Conversion divide the Squadrons into two Troops In case you would reduce the Squadron The Cammand is By Conversion the Squadron into one Troop or the left Wing Advance by Conversion In wheeling by Carocol the words of Command are viz. The right Wing to the left by Caracol Face about to the Rear Or it may be performed by half Ranks viz. By Quarter Ranks and by Carocol divide the Squadron into three Troops Then if you would reduce them order Quarter Ranks and Squadrons into one Troop If you are to be Commanded the Volt Face or Facing about observe it in this manner Face about to the Right Face to the Right by Controversion Face about to the Right by Carocol Face about to the Left by half File Face about to the Right and Left In case in Hay you are to be drawn up Observe this Order By half Ranks To the Right and Left draw up in Hay To the Front and if to be reduced again the proceeding is thus By Carocol To the Right and Left As you were By half Ranks and by Carocal To the Right and Left Draw up in Hay to the Rear Reduction here the Command is To the Front As you were By half Ranks to the Right and Left draw up in Hay Reduction By Carocol To the Right and Left As you were By Carocol To ●he Right draw up in Hay Reduction By Carocol To the Left As you were The Order of causing Horses to File off File by Ranks on the right Wing on the left Wing from the Squadron File off by Ranks on the left Wing Form the Squadron on the Right File off by three Files on the Left Wing from the Squadron Some indeed are for Filing off with whole Ranks but the most Experience in this matter have found it most convenient to be done by Files because three Files make a Squadron which a Rank does not The next material thing to be considered is the Doublings being useful for the strengthning any part of the Battle as it shall be seen necessary or required consisting in these following Heads As to the General Front and Rear Both Flank 1. Doublings of Length 2. Doublings of Depth But if you come to particulars there are six sorts of Doublings as thus First of Ranks that is when every Rank

directed in the standing Salute or in a Battalion drawn up for a Review The Serjeants must march with their Halberts shouldered the butt ends uppermost always upon this occasion marching with their Hats off when those that are to be Saluted pass by not any being to Salute the same Party more than once standing and once Marching As for the Major and the Aid-Major they have not any fixed Post appointed in Marching but are attending for Orders on the Colonel or Commander in Chief and if an Ensign be absent a Pike-man as he is qualified claims the carrying or holding the Colours before either Serjeant or Corporal If it so happen that a Battalion in the March be attacked they must immediately thereupon draw up and face either the same way they March or wheeling to the Right or Left recovering thereby what Advantages you shall see necessary How a Battalion ought to the Ordered if Attacked IF you are marching in three Divisions or a greater number then if you be Attacked and obliged to wheel to the Right the first Wing of the Musketiers must draw up on the right of the Granadiers and the Pikes on the right of the right Wing of Musketiers whilst the left Wing of the Musketiers takes the right hand of the Pikes which is done with more Ease and Speed than by marching round the Rear As soon as you prepare for Defence or the Chief Commander is for drawing up the Battalion in the same Method he gives the words of Command that the Rear half Files of Musketiers do double their Front to the Left in Marching and upon the first Command to the Musketiers to make ready viz. to be Cock'd and Gaurded the Pike-men without expecting Command are to Port their Pikes and the Drums to beat a Preparative whereby the Rear must take notice to draw up and at the same time the Ensigns must give their Colours to the right hand Man of the respective Companies who immediately must retire with them to the Center of the Pikes and the Ensigns taking the Souldiers Pikes must march at the head of the Pikes As for the Drums that before marched between the Ranks of the Musketiers as likewise those of the Granadiers that are to be joyned with those Drums that march with the Pikes and the Hoitboys must joyn the Colours When the Drums beat the Preparative the first Division excepted every Division is to march up with as much speed as may be not breaking or falling into any Disorder the first Division marching slower and not altering its former pace The Ranks in marching must observe to close forward at six foot which must be well directed by the Serjeants who are to look to the Order The Granadiers are to be divided into three parts no part exceeding each other and one of these parts must be with the Captain at the head of the Pikes about eight paces from the first Rank and the other two parts on the right and left of the Battalion when those at the head of the Pikes are to receive the word of Command Present and Fire and the first Rank of Musketiers are commanded to Kneel and when they have fired they must make ready their Granadoes and after the two other Ranks Fire then are they to deliver their Granadoes and place their Daggers in the Muzle of their Fire-Locks and those Granadiers placed on the right and left of the Battalion are to make their Fire as the Musketiers Fire viz The two last Ranks must fire with the Musketiers and when they have so done they must fix their Daggers in the Muzles of their Fire-Locks then the Front of Granadiers must have their Granadoes ready and likewise when the first Rank of Musketiers kneel they must do the same and when the two last Ranks have fired they must stand up and upon the fireing of the first Rank of Granadiers they must deliver their Granadoes and fix their Daggers in the Muzles of their Fire-Locks as the others Observe that when the Adverse Battalion is so near that the Granadoes may fall amongst them the Officers and Souldiers keeping their equal distance the Commander in Chief gives the word to Halt at which the Drums must cease and the Officers whose Post is at the Front must Rank at the head of the Battalion two paces distant with their Pikes Ported and four of the Serjeants that marched with the Pikes before they drew up must draw up with them viz. Two with the first Rank and two with the last on the right and left of each Rank and the remaining Serjeants to be on the Ranks and to be assisting to the Officers in the Rear who are to be those Officers that took their march in the Rear before they were drawn up and are to continue in the Rear of the Battalion to take care of it all except the eldest Captain who is to come up immediately to the head of the left Wing of Shot in the Front and the Serjeants are to be very exact upon the Battalion drawing up to order the Ranks at six foot distance and the Files at the same every Souldier for the better use of his Arms and the passage of the Enemies Shot to keep at least a Foot from his right hand Man When the Commander in Chief has given the word Halt the next Command is Ranks of Musketiers Kneel This is to be done by falling back with the right Legs without moving the left keeping your Muskets so low that the two other Ranks without incommoding may fire over them and upon the giving this word the Rank of Officers posted at the head of the Battalion must fall at once into the Intervals behind the first Rank of Souldiers taking care at the same time that the Officers perform their duties The Officers having their Pikes in the posture conformable to the Pike-men and those with the Musketiers must observe to kneel as the Musketiers do When the word of Command is given for the first Rank to kneel the other two Ranks of Musketiers are to close forward and in the same manner the five Ranks of Pike-men as they can with conveniency and use their Arms without any word of Command Two last Ranks Present This must ever be observed to be done breast high the first of the two stooping without any word of Command and at the same word the Pikes are to Charge and continue Charged Fire Retover your Arms. At which word of Command the foremost or Front Rank must stand up without expecting further Command at the same time their Muskets being recovered straight before them Cockt and Gaurded Front Present Fire Recover pour Arms. Club your Muskets Fall on This must be done with a Shout or Huzza the Pikes continuing Charged and the Drums beating another Preparative Halt Upon this word given the Drums must be silent and now in case of a Reduction it must be done by this order of Command c. Poise your Muskets Hereupon the Pikes must

the word March the rest that compose the Rank must wheel to their places The manner of Wheeling backwards by Half Ranks Here you must observe there must as near as possible be an equal number of Men in every Rank the right and left-hand man of each Rank standing firm on his ground and turn only to the hand named the words of Command being viz. By half Ranks wheel to the right and left backwards March Whereupon the Battalion opens the half Ranks separating and falling back to the right and left-hand Men which leaves an intervale and forms two Ranks opposite to each other the Officers and Colours dividing in the same manner taking their Posts and Ranging before the Souldiers to make a Guard the Serjeants and Drums placing themselves equally on the right and left This being observed the manner of Reduction is by these Words of Command viz. By half Ranks to the right and left inward Form your Ranks as you were March Here the half Ranks are to wheel from the right and the left and close the interval by which means they become whole Ranks for having wheeled inward at the word March they are no more half Ranks but whole Ranks in a Marching order In case of Closings and Openings there are divers words of Command required viz. Ranks close forward to Order viz. three foot March Ranks close forward to close Order viz. a foot and half March Ranks open backward to Order viz. three foot March Ranks open backward to open Order viz. six foot March Ranks open backward to a doubling distance viz. 12 foot March In this manner of proceeding to open backward the Ranks must fall backward in Order without changing the Aspect having ever regard to their Leaders and right-hand Men. The further Words of Command are viz. Files close to the Right March Files close to the Left March Files close to the Centre March Files open to the Right March Files open to the Left March Files open from the Centre March By the Files opening to the Centre is meant their facing from the Centre and if there happen to be an odd File that remains and is properly termed the Centre File When Files are to open to the right or to the left they must keep their station without Changing in any manner till the word March be uttered whereupon they are to face to the hand named taking their distances commanded each from his Leader In all Openings as has been said the contrary Man must be observed if the Command be to open to the right the second File from the right must by short steps first take its distance suffering the Leader to pass as far as it is commanded before you move the rest of the Files in their turn and order observing to do the same as for the left-hand File it is not to move in all Openings they are to move directly forward with a slow pace Thus the young Souldier may his Duty Read But now to greater Things we must proceed The Ratling Drum and Trumpet calls us on A Souldier's Work you know is seldom done But ever Travels with the glorious Sun A further Consideration of Doublings Relating to Foot c. and their Reduction 1. RAnks to the Right double March 2. Ranks as you were March 3. Ranks to the Left March 4. Ranks as you were March In case of doubling the Ranks those that are to do so must observe their right-hand men and move as they move beginning to move with the Foot next the hand then named and so to come into Order this doubling the even Ranks must be observ●d to double into the odd when the odd Ranks are to double you must face the Body to the Rear and the like words of Command will perform it or you may further proceed viz. Odd Ranks that stood to the Right-about Double the even Ranks The Reduction of Ranks c. Those Ranks that double must face first to the contrary hand and then with the contrary foot bring themselves to the former Ground but not to move in the least till the word March be given and this is held upon all doublings of Ranks and half Ranks notwithstanding the contrary hand is to be turned to they must double on to the Ground they double to yet coming to their proper Ground they there must turn to the hand they doubled and thereby they are brought directly to their Leaders And in the like manner Files are doubled remaining much the same with the Reduction of doubled Ranks The manner of doubling Front half Files by half Files of the Rear The words of Command in this case are Half Files to the Right-hand Double your Front March Rear half Files As you were March Rear haal Files to the left hand double your Front March Rear half Files As you were March If this happen upon the March the Rear half Files must then move into the Front by a very swift motion the Front half Files at the same time continuing there each observing the right-hand Man In case of Reduction the Rear half Files must not face about but stand still till the Front half Files are passed and then fall in and follow the proper Leaders but if the occasion require the Front half Files to be doubled by the Rear the Rear half Files must march a softly pace observing their right-hand men so that all the Ranks may double at one time Observe in Reducement as it is in the doubling of single Ranks that no man must move till the word of Command March be given upon which they turn all together upon the contrary hand they doubled on and when they come up to their own Ground they must turn to the hand they doubled to Rear half Files doubled by the Front half Files Here the words of Command are viz. Front half Files to the Right-about double your Rear half Files This word of Command given the three Front Ranks or three half Files must turn to the Right-about and going on the right-hand of their Fellowers or the Rear half Files they must double into them and when they have doubled face to the Left-about to their Leader without expecting any word of Command The manner of Reduction The words of Command are Front half Files as you were March Whereupon the half Files must march slowly keeping at three foot from their right-hand Men by which means they incline to the left and are brought directly upon their former Ground and it is only doing thus and observing the contrary hand in doubling to the Left Now it remains that somewhat more particularly then has been said of the several manners of Fireings be laid down c. The manner of Fireing to the Front When the Souldiers are to Fire and keep their Ground 't is expedient that the Body be made close as well as in Rank as File as will stand conveniently with the use of Arms and hereupon Command must be given viz. Musketiers make Ready all Then they

as they have fired to their proper heighth the sub-altern Officers always minding that the next Rank of Musketiers be ready at the Angle to make their March under the Pikes instead of the second Rank which is to take the Place of the first when the first Rank has fired In this manner of fireing if the street to be defended be very broad then a space or interval must be made over and above the passage on the flanks sufficient for two Men a breast which will prevent the Horse from making any advantagious Attack To reduce this Order the Words of command are viz. Musketiers face to the right and left outward March and as soon as they are quit the farther Command is given viz. Musketiers to your proper Front March. This they must observe to do till such time as they are even with the first Rank of Pikes and then the Officers Drums Colours and Hoitboys must take their proper Posts Of the hollow Square and the manner of forming it by Words of Command IF you proceed to this the Battalion must be drawn up in Ranks at Twelve Foot distance the Files being at three then the Muskets shouldered and the Pikes advanced the Words of Command ensue viz. Colours Drums and Hoit-boys to the Centre of the Pikes March Ranks close forward to Order March Three outward Files of Pikes on the Right and Left double your Files to the Right and Left inwards March Half Files of Musketiers to the left-hand double your Front March Files close all to the Right to your close Order March To your Leader Pikes face square Pikes close forward to the Front Left Wing of Musketiers to the Right about Both Wings of Muketiers March Halt Musketiers Face to the Left March Halt Face to your proper Front all Officers and Serjeants take your Posts March Granadiers take your Posts in the Angles March Face square Musketiers make ready At this VVord the Pikes must be ported very low when the Musketiers present and the next VVord is First Rank kneel which must be done in such a manner that the two last Ranks may advantageously Fire over Then again The two last Ranks present Fire Having fired the next is Recover your Arms upon which the first Rank is to stand up with their Muskets recovered ready cock'd and guarded whereupon the two Ranks that have fired take the opportunity to Load again and these VVords of Command ensue viz. Front Ranks present Fire which done the Commandant proceeds viz. Recover your Arms and hereupon the Pikemen recover from their Port then again To your Leader March Halt Face Square c. These being performed after the same Order they may March and fire to every Front noting that when they are hid to Face to their Leader it must be to the Commandant in chief wherever he takes his Station but in facing to the proper Front it must be done to the Front of the Battalion as it was before it was formed into this manner of Figure Words of Command used to reduce this Form The Battalion being faced to the proper Front the Commander in chief proceeds viz. Granadiers take your Posts on the right of the Battalion March The Right and Left of each Wing of Musketiers Face to the Right and Left outward March Halt The three Files of Pikes of the Right and Left that doubled as you were March Musketiers Face to the Right March Halt To your Leader Rere half files of Musketiers that doubled to the Right about as you were March Ranks open backward to Twelve Foot March Colours Drums and Hoitboys to your former Posts March Files close to the Right to close Order March To your Leader Things proper to be observed by a Commander being in an Enemies Country c. HE must be carefull to observe the situation of the Place and gain as good Intelligence of the Enemy as he can and if he Command a Troop of Horse he must beware of skirting the side of a Wood for fear of an Ambush the strength of Horse consisting in the open Country as that of the Foot do's in a VVood for the Enemy is all ways to be expected to take advantage it is therefore dangerous for a Troop of Horse by reason it may be fallen upon before it can get to any secure Post An Officer of Foot marching through an inclosed VVoody Country must avoid if he can marching in the middle of a Plain or too near a VVood by which means if the Enemy approach he will have time to consider what course to take and if he be attacked by Horse then ought he to retreat unto the Wood Skirmishing to make it good for if he get into it the Horse will not attack him there but if he has to deal with Foot and observes himself the weakest he must regain the last Defile or narrow Post and drawing up in Battalia dispute it till he can better secure himself and the like is to be observed by the Horse if overmuch pressed wherefore it is good for a Commander to take special notice of the places he passes through sending his Scouts before him to discover the Enemy and search the Places where Ambushes are suspected for although it be in a Village there may be a Party of the Enemy there who will suffer the Scouts to pass by and conceal themselves till they see an opportunity to set upon the main Body When an Officer is arrived where he intends to Encamp he ought to Draw up his Men and having set his Guards he may permit them to take some ease by alighting from their Horses if it be Horse or if Foot to repose themselves always facing towards the Town or Place possessed or suspected to be possessed by the Enemy having if possible a Defile in the Front and Rear or some other security to prevent surprize the Scouts ought to be sent out from one half hour to another and when day appears they may venture farther into the Country and if there be no convenient Town or Place the best way if two or three days March in the Enemies Country is to lye in a Wood when it has been well searched to prevent an Ambush nor must an Officer suffer his Men to straggle though he be near a Friendly Town for it may so fall out that a Party may lye hid who taking that advantage may fall upon him and rout him though a lesser number for there it is the Enemy most commonly lays Ambuscades thinking as it often happens that by a Confidence of Security they shall find Men negligent and disordered When at any time the VVord is required of a Party you meet it is generally given by the weakest however it ought not lightly to be credited nor the Souldiers to Return their Arms till the Officer be assured whether they are Friends or Foes for many times a Deserter may betray the Word to the Enemy and he make an advantage of it Considerations in Marching an Army through

Cartridges c. IN case a Piece is very hot by Exercise and will not endure the Powder then a Cartridge is necessary to make them you must have a Rowler of Wood to the bigness of your Piece on which you must role Past-board or Paper pasting it as you role that it may lie firm and smooth then having dried the cases fill them with Powder and choak them at both ends with a small Cord or you may stop the ends with Flax and put it into your Piece forcing it with the Rammer into the charging Celinder then with a sharp Iron bore it at the Touch-hole and Prime If you would shoot red hot Bullets as many times it is done at Sieges to fire Houses you must when you have rammed down your Cartridge force a green Turf upon it and then sling in the Shot this way has been common especially at Sea but since Bombs Hand-Granades Stink-pots c. haue been in use it is not often practised Observations in Ballancing a Piece YOU must ever observe in Marching that the Carriages are proportioned to the Piece to prevent overthrowing or breaking so that to set them true one and a half of the length of the Cellinder or Chamber should be the length of the Carriage-Stock and the depth of four Diamiters of the Concave of the Bore in the middle but at that part next the ground about the proportion of the Diameter of the Shot will suffice as for the Wheels they must be strong and their height for Land-Service about half the length of the Piece but on Shipboard lower Carriages are in use the Turneons or bearers of the Piece must be laid on equal heights upon the turning Irons of the Stock that the Piece may stand true mounted least swerving to any side the Shot become Random and in this case two thirds of the Piece must appear above their Centre having Cordage ever ready to move or turn them especially for braces at Sea for many times a Ship is over-set and in danger to be lost by their breaking loose through the defect of Tackle Further Instructions necessary to be known EVer observe that your Budg-Barrel Leather Bag or Cartridges of Powder lie on the windy side of you least a spark flying from your Match blow it up and after a Discharge having cleansed the Concave with your Sheeps-Skin Furbisher fill your Ladle but not so full as to scatter any and having Charged it as home into the Piece as you can give it a sudden turn with your Thumb and Finger keeping your Body for your own safety clear of the Muzzle and so quickly drawing it out clap in your Wad and force it down that the Powder may not lie hollow in the Chamber then put the Shot in and wad it down having the Touch-hole all this while covered least any spark should fall in then having a Linstock well armed with a good Match and Coale prime with small Powder drawing a Train from the Touch-hole and fire one end of it for if you should hold your Match upon the Touch-hole the force of the Powder would blow it away Directions for Shooting at Random or at a Mark. IF your business lies to shoot at Random or at a Mark then you are to consider the Random of a Piece is its entire distance from the place where you discharge to the place where the Bullet first lights or grazes o a level Line called a Horizential plain and to gain the true knowledge of this the ground must be level where it is put in practice so that the level of the shot may not be hindred and having taken notice of the distance of ground from the Piece to the fall of the Bullet mount the Muzzle a degree higher observing again the same notice by which through many degrees you will be capable of knowing upon the level or Ascendant how many paces the Piece will carry with more or less Powder which may be raised even to a tenth degree or as high as the Piece can be mounted so these distances well understood the Gunner may know how to direct his Piece either at a Bastion Castle-Wall Curtain Ravelin Counterscarp against the Batteries of Besiegers or into their Trenches or he may batter the Ranks of an Army at a great distance and many other things incident to true Rules of Fireing even to the striking a Ship under Sail but in fireing at any thing in Motion you must consider the swiftness of it and Fire in your aim a distance before and so the Bullet by that it moves that space will be there for although a Bullet is carried with great impetuosity yet all Motions require time more or less If you would strike down a Light in the Stern of a Ship or in a Castle if it be in the Night time you must stick directly on the top of the Muzzle of your Piece either a peice of Wax-Candle lighted or a fired Match by which means you will bring that and the other Light together so as to take a fair Mark and to know whether they are brought together stick up a Nail with a peice of Wax or Clay on the breach of the Pice and bring that and the other two to bear with each other How to take out a Shot that sticks in a Piece and cool her to make her recover her Force IT many times happens through too much hastiness or that a Shot is mistaken or that the Powder for want of being rammed down makes it stick half way so that it is dangerous to discharge it without breaking the Piece in this Case let it descend lowering its Muzzle and then having dissolved Bay Salt or other Salt in some Vinegar put it into the Touch-hole with a Funnel and it will dissolve the Powder then strike on the Piece with a Hand-spike where the Bullet lyes and it will rowl out having before given it a thrust or two with the Rammer to loosen it It is taken notice on by all Gunners that the oftner a Piece is discharged it by growing hot looses more and of it's force and will not carry the third or fourth time so far as it will the first or second every time abating somewhat so that you must cool it which is much the better done with Vinegar for that not only carries off the heat but by the sharpness of it's Quality recovers the lost force What Powder is made on and how to try its Goodness POwder a fatal instrument of Death and almost of incredible Force was first found by one Bartholdus Swart a Monk by a spark of Fire accidentially falling amongst some of his Chimical Preparations but since as to its Force has been much improved it is made of the Quintessence of Salt-peter Brimstone and Coal Dust by grinding and other means however in long lying after it is made it will loose much of its Force the strength of the of the Salt-Peter tending downwards and that of the other matters upwards and