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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55965	The history of this iron age vvherein is set dovvn the true state of Europe as it was in the year 1500 : also, the original and causes of all the vvarres, and commotions that have happened : together with a description of the most memorable battels, sieges, actions and transactions, both in court and camp from that time till this present year 1656 : illustrated vvith the lively effigies of the most renowned persons of this present time / written originally by J. Parival and now rendred into English by B. Harris, Gent.; Abrégé de l'histoire de ce siècle de fer. English	Parival, Jean-Nicolas de, 1605-1669.; Harris, B. (Bartholomew)	1656 (1656)	Wing P361; ESTC R11155	382,320	308

praises for the Peace made but his behaviour made him hated and manifested that he had a mind to command and be obeyed like a Tyrant For he forced the Cloisters and rich Citizens to give mony and made it appear that he would not forsake the Government Aniello insented In fine as wine troubles the brain of such as are not wont to drink any thing but water in the same state was Aniello troubled by so many honours done him and by so prompt obedience For he seemed to be rather a drunken man then one of right sence by tunning up and down doing actions and uttering words which prognosticated the end of this Dance or Maze and his own too The Gig followes the Play The shepheard thinks alwayes of his Pipes and it is far more easie for a King to act the part of a Peasant then for a Peasant to act that of a King 9. The ninth day was full of horrour and cruelty he hurt one killed another and played the pranks of the Furious Rowland 10. Insomuch as that the tenth day being abandoned by the people and even by himself also through a certain vaine and phantastical terrour he was killed by fowr Gentlemen and his head separated from his body He is killed which was dragged about the Town This was the end of that famous Thomas Aniello of whom God Almighty served himself to punish that proud City and make it feel the rough stroakes of his wrath and afterwards cast the rod into the fire It is to be observed that be never spake of his Catholick Majesty even in his very frantick fit but with respect Whosoever would make reflexion upon all the circumstances of this Tragedy would embrace a businesse of much prolixity and therefore I will say no more then that it is a lesson for the Great and a Mirrour for the small and that all these evills are fore-ruaners of the Lords Day But it is now time to frame the war of the Venetians and Turks CHAP. II The war of the Turks and the Venetians and why The taking of Canea The Knights of Maltha take a huge booty or prize as a great number of Gallies and the young Sultanesse or Emperesse of Turky with her Son The Venetians obtain succour but are beaten VVE had so much trouble to sinde an end of this war of Germany which the Swedes and the French terminated with regret and as through spight with the Hollanders for having too soon left the Dance which they had no minde at all to finish till after the Conquest of the whole Empyre that we signified thereby the small care we had to set down the other wars in fit place and order which yet were not despicable neither in successe not proceeding according to the boundlesse irregularities of the Age however they were not considerable in any other respect then for being dependent upon that great Body which makes according to the sense of some learned persons the fourth and last Monarchy Under the prerext of stopping the prosperity of this laudable House of Austria there was formed a puissant League to ruine her yea and the Eagle was already painted naked every where The Eagle peeled panting and grieving and even at the last gasp by the Arms of the said League and the Duke of Lorrame holding her head and giving her physick The Confederates on the other side had their hands full of her feather and stood waiting for her death But all these riddles served to no other end then to amuse the people feed the eyes of the curious and discover the intention of the said Confederates In fine Peace which it was thought would never have come down again but with the Revenger himself of innocent bloud and oppression checred up the hearts of such as were timerous made the Birds of prey withdraw and the Husbandman live in hope however let him who stands upright take heed of falling for there is nothing sure in regard that though the windes be r●tyred home to their God Eolus the waves leave not still to beat against the bank Indeed the war having like a fire incompassed all Germany passed on into Denmark Sweden England and France in such sort as that there is not so much as any one Province which can boast of being or of having been free and exempt from this universal Disaster The Germans are hard to be moved but having once taken Arms they are very hardly brought to lay them down again The Turk in the kingdom of Candy In the interim the sworn enemy of Christendom took his time measure kept his cadency entred into Candy besieged Canea and couzened the most clear-sighted of the whole Company who thought that this storm would burst upon the Isle of Malta Let us lay open the counterfeit and mark the pretext and subject which kindled the Grand Signor's wrath who covering all the Levant or Eastern Sea with an infinite multitude of Vessels thought to surprize and devoure that most serene Common-wealth which must not perish but with the dissolution of the world The Mahometans serve themselves also of dissimulation and when they make a shew of drawing one way they go another The effects of the hatred which they bear the Christians had not been differred so long in so many fair occasions had it not been for the war between them and the Persians This war I say had taken away the meanes of prevailing against us by those disorders which had so much weakened us For neither the brooks of blood which was spilt not the Towns and Villages which were burnt not the fields which were made desert hastened them to come and dispatch the rest They seemed to have lost their interests and rejoyced to see the Name of Christian destroyed by the Christians themselves But when it seemed to them a fit time to act against a Body which was grown faint by the losse of so much blood and whilest they were momentarily deliberating amongst themselves where and how to begin the Round the Knights of Malta shewed them the way and let them see that there were yet Christians enow to give them exercise and make them pay the expences of the Revel Ibrahim the Sultan being a bloody Prince and spurred on to war by the Counsells of his Minion or Favorite for the Barbarians as well as our Princes have some who make them condescend to their passions was much more moved by spight and rage when he received the vexatious newes that the Knights of Malta had taken near the Isle of Rhodes The Knights of Malta take the young Sultanesse and her Son with a huge Ireasure the great Gallion and some Gallyes which conducted the young Sultanesse her Son and an Aga towards Alexandria with so great riches as amounted to more then three millions of Gold The affronts which we receive from such enemies as we despise are much more tormenting then those of such as we fear This Golden Fleece and this

any nation which purely followestheir Doctrine When you shall see the abomination of desolation save your selves upon the Mountains The Assembly of Leip sick was convocated by the Electour of Saxony as Head of the Protestants thereby to hinder the restitution of the Ecclesiastical Lands and Goods to succour a Magdeburgh and joyn with the Swedes to resist the Emperour whose potency was too formidable to them And this was the ground of their calling King Gustave into Germany to be Captain Generall of all the forces who being fortified by the Allyances of France England and the Conforderated States of the Low-countries promised himselfe no lesse then the Empyre it self if he could winne but one Battail CHAP. XX The Protestants make an Allyance with King Gustave Magdeburgh taken by force They arm every where VVHilest the Embassadours of the Princes Imperial Towns and Protestans States were treating an Allyance and the King was growing formidable the Drummes were beating and the Trumpets sounding every where in such sort as that the two Electours in the month of July 1631 seeing themselves with an Army on foot of twenty thousand men threw off their vizard wrote to the Emperour as accusing him of having broaken his Oath overthrown the Peace and Liberty of Germany and in fine Complaints against the Emperour of having taken away the bonds of Religion And if he revoked not that Edict for Restitution of Ecclesiastical Lands and Goods and that there were not some means found out to remedy these diforders the whole Empyre would go to rack But it was now too late to talk of remedies strangers being already gotten in and Ferdinands honour too deeply ingaged Nor did their distrusts and jealousies derogate one jot from the justice of the Edict no more then their possession of so many yeares made them true and lawfull Proprietaries For That which is differed is not lost And for the praescription it served for nothing it being as lawful for the Emperour to take the said Lands and Goods from them by way of Justice as it had been for them to dispossesse the Ecclesiasticks thereof by violence or to retain them against the agreement made after they had withdrawne themselves from the ancient Church Refused by other to marry and so much the rather because he was obliged thereto by his Authority Right and Interest Besides he wanted not arguments to retort For he accused them of deceit for that under pretext of consulting they had assembled themselves to take Armes and joyn wich Gustave That it was they who had long agoe ruined the supports of Religion and divided Germany by factions and distrusts to the detriment of the publick quiet and that himself as being the Head was bound to restore all to the former splendour and good intelligence So every one pretended to have right on his side and the sword was to do the office Now Tilly who by the strength of * Gold Ducats had opened the conscience had purchased the Pen of a Secretary knew all that was treated in the said Assembly and effectively saw that there was neither Burgh nor Village under the jurisdiction of the Protestants where souldiers were not listed Tilly passes into Hastia Wherefore he passed into Hassia where he found the Landgrave William much changed as being far more mindfull of what he had concluded at Leipsick then of what he had promised the Emperour at Vienna For he refused both Garrison and Pension as also the casheering of his forces and shewed himself resolute in fine by the most manifest signs of aversion he gave to defend himself if he were attacked Upon which Tilly preparing himself to make him sing another tune Returns to the Siege was informed that the King advanced towards the Elbe and so his menaces were but Chimera's for he was forced to return to the Siege Count Turstembergh in Swave and Wittemberg The Count of Turstembergh an old Souldier stood not with his Arms acrosse for there was work enough cut out already without expecting any more Wherefore he was sent into Swaveland and Vlme both which he quickly ranged and from thence into the Dutchy of Wirtembergh where the eleven thousand men newly raysed were not strong enough to keep the Duke within the League in such sort as that those Provinces were constrained to renounce the Protestant allyance almost as soon as it was known that they had sworne to it All these commandments were prosperous enough in High Germany but the face of all things was changed in Low Saxonie and the Maritine Towns the principal subject of the distructs which had long been blocked up and put themselves again into King Gustaves hands Tilly and Papenheim being resolved rather to dye then abandon the Siege dissembled their losses received and continued it with so much order that they quickly made themselves masters All the Forts taken of all the Forts and Out-works so that there remained nothing but the Town which perished more out of hatred and by the industrie of wise Falkembergh then by her own strength The Inhabitants were summoned to render the Mines were ready and the hand listed up to strike and yet through their obstinacie and blindnesse they would needs expect extremityes which at length they found For Papenheim irritated as well by their flowts as by their contumatious resistance entred first by force and was repulsed by the Valour of the Marshal who being killed by a bullet And the Town by force which is all burnt the Inhabitants quickly retreated into their houses the neerest whereof he commanded to be fired and almost at the very same instant the fire was seen very far from thence neer the Elbe and so in lesse then four hours this fine Town was reduced into ashes whilest the Souldiers were fighting with the Citizens for plunder without taking any care at all to extinguish the devouring flames This was the end of that deplorable Town the ashes whereof produced such animosities amongst the Lutherans and Reformates against the Imperialists that they cannot be highly enough expressed and principally against Tilly whose actions they carped and said that he had stained all his gallant Victories with the smoaky ruines of Megdeburgh What ever were in the matter true it is that Tilly after this ransack found fortune alwayes against him and the Protestants reproached him with the indignation and vengeance of God for the shedding of so much innocent blood The Catholicks on the other side retort the fault upon the insolencie of the Burghers or Townsmen who refused honorable conditions when there was time for them and whilest the gate was yet open to favour and pardon and say besides that the Swedes seeing the place lost lest it on fire for feare least it should fall entyre together with the Magazin into the hands of their enemies alledging for proof thereof that the fire was kindled in many parts of the Town from which the imperialists were very far off

de Werdt did as much in Franconie who grew by little and little to make himself so formidable that it was beleeved he was another Papenheim sprung up out of his ashes But all these were but Skermishes in comparison of the huge Victory gotten by the Hassians and Luneburgians neer Hamelen in the moneth of July 1633. They had besiedged the Town and the others would succour it Colein the Mother of Armyes The seventh of July quickly produced one But in stead of Papenheim there was nothing but discord amongst the Generals Souldiers there were enow but there wanted a good The defeate of the Imperalists neer Hamelen 1633 and perfect intelligence amongst their Leaders However they advanced and General Merode thought that in this occasion the Commanders would lay aside all partiality for the Publick good The Foot fell on but was deserted by the Horse and the poor Souldiers who were almost all Wallons found themselves shut up in a dale and cryed to them to stand and make good their ground but their cries and groanes were carried away by the wind to follow the base Cowardise of the Horsemen and the slacknesse of some of the chief Officers General Merode and Baron Quad a Souldier of merit chose rather to dye with their Swords in their hands then follow this infamy The Forraine Foot threw down their Arms hoping for quarter but they were all massacred without mercie and so above six thousand of them miserably perished Hamelen was rendred and Bonichawse took party with the Swedes The discord of the Generals appeared This Army was sacrificed to the hatred which Wallenstein already carryed to such as were able to hurt him and therefore being Generalissmo he s ent the chief command to Grondstfeldt against the opinion and advice of the Electour of Colein Had there been a good harmonic amongst them they had not only succoured Hamelen but easily brought the War also into Meckelenburgh and Pomerania But it was to beat the Dog before the Wolfe This check advanced the Swedish Party favoured Frithlands designe aflicted all the Archbishoprick of Colein and put the French in mind that it was time to go into Lorraine to catch some planks of that ship which threatned to make ship wrack The Italians succour Brisat The Duke of Feria came with an Army of Italians to succour Alsatia where he had the same vexations though a little better end for he succoured Brisac crossed Horns Progresse and made those Catholick Provinces a little respire but the poor Peasants had the worst of it and the Italians being much ransacked and wasted by diseases he was forced to returne the same way he came Wallenstein would have had him obey his Orders as Generalissmo but he made a deaf ears however the other laid so many ginns in his way that he had much adoe to escape them and so all Alsatia save only Brisac suffered the Swedish yoke But since we are upon the Fronteer of Lorraine let us look what passes there before we take our flight to any other place CHAP. XXX The Siedge Nancy Rantsaw makes himself known at the Encounter of Haguenaw and at the Siedge of Andernack GReat Princes are always obliged to maintain their Stats conserve their Subjects and by the Maxims of prudence and justice divert the storme before it fall and overwhelme them The Duke of Lorraine arms The Duke of Lorraine seeing almost all Alsatia subdued by the Swedes and knowing the danger could not be far from himself when his neighbours house was on fire judged it more then time to look about him Wherefore he made levyes whereat the King of France formalized and marched into the Field A sad condition for a Soveraigne Prince that he may not be permitted to raise men for his own defence But the weakest must to the Wall For neither were the reasons which they alledged sufficient to justify their proceedings nor his strong enough to secure him from shipwrack The Cardinal of Lorraine went to meet the King and endeavoured to divert him by acquainting him with his brothers intentions which were all good but all this was not able to stop him It was in vain to speak for words are fruitlesse to such as are already condemned All Europe belongs to the Crowne of France and by consequence Lorraine See Arroy The Siedge of Nancy The King besieged Nancy The duke protested that he had desired nothing but peace and good correspondence with his Majesty Whilest this was a doing the Princesse Margaret made her escape disguised and went into the Low-Countries to her husband who came to meet her at Namurs and conducted her to Brussels where she was received by the Infanta with honour agreeable to her quality They of Colein took the protection of France The Swedes and their Allyes having obtained so great a Victory as that whereof we have lately spoken with so little losse entred into the Archbishoprick of Colein and tormented it so much that the Magistrates induced by the arguments of their Syndick and some others together with the necessity of their assayrs concluded upon the dispatch of their Embassadours to the King of France to implore his protection They had recourse to a Catholick Prince to shelter them from the insolence of Protestants and that by consent of the Clergy but the Citizens being most affectionate to their old Master would not be satisfyed by these reasons The said Embassadours were most honourably receaved at the Camp before Nancy where the Cardinal spared none of his Compliments the holy-water of the Court nor feates of cunning and skil to accomplish so huge a Conquest as this which would be sure to draine all the Emperours resources or fresh springs about the Rheyn hinder the Communication of the Spaniards with the Empyre and serve for an infallible meanes to seize upon the Low-Countryes But it chanced that some inopinated accidents and the good successe of a Battail made them of Colein repent and this Bargain miscarry to the said Cardinals great displeasure Nancy rendred The Duke of Lorraine found himself obliged for the obtaining of peace to yeeld up Nancy upon the same conditions that he had done the three other Towns being counselled not to expect extremities lest peradventure he might thereby incur the hazard of losing all his States Wherefore he did it with much freedom and submission but it had been better for him to have sustained the siege and expected the worst for his Country was not restored to him nor ever will be till his Enemies shall not be able to keep it any longer and shall have enough to do also to keep themselves in regard of forrain revolutions They reproached him that he had given his Sister in marriage to the Duke of Orleans against the lawes of the Kingdom and that he had refused to do homage to the King for the Dutchy of Bar. The former of these was excused by the said Duke of Orleans himself upon the

luck Wysembergh taken at the Siege of Wysembergh in Nortgaw of which place though it were excessively strong they grew Masters after the attack of some weeks Had they made such a business of it before Wysembergh as the Swedes did before Lindaw they had been reduced to the state of a troublesome and weake Defensive for many moneths after CHAP. XXII The exploits of the Swedes upon the Confines of Swisserland alarme the Cantons Gallasso's death Melander General of the Imperial Armies THe prodigious Successes of the Swedes alarmed all that part of Swisserland which lies near the Lake The Swissers are alarmed and carried terrour to the very Gates of Italy Whereupon the Arch-Duke of Inspruck sollicited the Cantons to an Offensive and Defensive Allyance against these Conquerours but found lesse warmth amongst the Protestants as being farther from the fire then amongst the Catholicks However some Assemblies were made wherein a resolution was taken to raise some thousands of men to guard the approaches and order for more in case of necessity and then Embassadours were dispatched to General Wranghel who well knowing how dangerous it was to move this strong Body treated them with more courtesie then he had formerly done Charles Duke of Burgundy and promised them to maintaine good friendship and Newtrality with them The French Embassadours on the other side Whom the French cannot lull asleep endeavoured to lull them asleep by assuring them of their Kings sincere intentions But after the taking of Bregants of the strong Castle of Argents of some Islands the danger wherein Constance was by this new progresse and the Siege of Vberling begun by General Tisrenne and that of Lindaw by the Swedes the said Swissers rowsed themselves out of their drowsinesse and calling to minde their own interests which were stronger then all the assurances these cunning Conquerours could give them run to their Arms and advised their new Neighbours to retire from their Borders They run to their Arms. for that their Subjects had been ill treated by some Swedish Souldiers und moreover because they had taken Constance into their protection The Swedes wanting Forradge blew up the Castle of Bregants razed some Forts and marched towards Francony and the French towards Wi●temberg This retreate manifested that their Myne was discovered and that it was most dangerous to stay till they were farther detected The Swedes retire The Fowler sings sweetly to catch the Bird. This action hindred not the Treaty at Vl●●e for a Cessation of Arms which was granted the Elector of Bavaria but the Emperours Deputies could obtaine nothing They treat of a Truce which is granted onely to the Duke of Bavari● for they had resolved to pluck off his Crown and destroy his House but in vaine for it will not fall how sierce assaults soever they give it It looked as if the Emperour would not be able to uphold himselfe any more since both his Arms namely the Electors of Bavaria and Saxony had sought their repose in the promise of the two Crowns which aimed at no other Peace then that of entire Victory or Conquest Howsoever he lost not his courage though he were in the middle of so many Enemies and abandoned by his Allyes yea of almost all his States which for their own particular interest left that of the Empire destitute and exposed to Strangers and yet notwithstanding in the Treaty for redresse or rectification of A●fairs every one of them would enjoy his Right as well as he though they forsook the Common Cause On the one side Ragoski kept him alwayes in action and on the other the Conquering Armies after having dulled or subjugated almost all Germany came and fell in upon his Hereditary Lands And this Field having given them plunder for their labour and appeased a potent Enemy what had they more to do then to seize upon Austria and share the Double or Spred-Eagle betwixt them For behold the Ship split amongst the waves and raging Seas abandoned by all the Seamen attacked by three terrible windes at once and garded onely by the Master himselfe so that she must needs make Shipwrack But if she do they who have deserted her will not get ashore and the Confederates who think now to have her good cheap will snap them one after another without any difficulty at all Their procedings sufficiently discover what their intention is Ferdinand the third notwithstanding so many troubles the retreat of so many friends and the number of so many enemies lost not his care of the Empyre Ferdinand bolds o●t he calls the Mother of God to help him For it is after the losse both of Masts and Anchors and at the point of splitting or sinking and when all counsell is lost that the good Marriner makes his industry appear Great spirits never lose hope nor courage To whom doth he addresse himself in this revolution Not to Turks or Infidells but to him to whom his Father had also recourse when he was besieged in Vienna For he is Heyr to his Christian verutes and hath nothing short of his devotions He caused to be erected an Image of the Virgin Mary Mother of God directed his Vowes to her took her for Patronesse and Advocate not only of himself but of all his subjects of Austria his People and his Armies with a fine prayer to God Almighty and with so much religious zeal that all the by-standers could not sufficiently admire this good Prince They who know not that the honour which is given to that Mother returns to God himself to glorify his Incarnation disapproved of this piety others stood amazed to see that in so thick a cloud as was ready to burst upon him there was no other defence or opposition made then that which would not be able to stop that impetuous torrent But chear up for the water riscs much above it without passing and the enemies violence will slacken Melander called Holizapp●● General of the Imperial Army Generall Gallasso having paid his tribute to Nature the Command was conferred upon Melander Count of Ho●zappel who put the Militia in Discipline again and made the Rendezvous of his forces near Budiceis And Wranghel being retyred out of Swaveland as we have already said unexpepectedly attacked the strong Town of Swinsfort which by great fortune he brought under obedience to the Mistresse thereof and the Governour for having slighted the notice of the enemies approach had sufficient time to repent We left the French-Weymarians in Wirtembergh and now we will follow them to the Rheyn and into the Country of the Landgrave of Darmsta●● where they made a deplorable shipwrack upon the Lands of a Prince who had not displeased but by his too constant fidelity Some little while after the Marshall of Turenne having received order to joyn with the Marshalls Gassion and Rantzaw in Flanders so to stop the course of the Arch-Dukes victories found himselt surprized by a suddain disunion amongst his Troops for