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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42257	The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.; Comentarios reales de los Incas. English	Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1539-1616.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1688 (1688)	Wing G215; ESTC R2511	1,405,751	1,082

by no means the Battel should be deferred that day though they fought part of the night for that were to give courage to their Enemies and a check to the forward resolution of their own Army and might perhaps give time and occasion unto several of them to revolt unto Almagro Hereupon the Governour resolved immediately to give them Battel wishing he had had the power of Joshuah to command the Sun to stay his course Herewith the word was given to march directly against the Squadrons of Almagro who upon their first motion ordered his Cannon to play upon the Enemy and to startle them in the first onset but Francisco de Caravajal observing that if they kept a direct course upon the Enemy they should receive much damage from their Cannon which were many and very good directed them another way under the covert of a Hill But having passed this shelter into the open Field so that they remained exposed to the Enemy's Cannon Pedro de Candia who commanded the Artillery shot over them so that they received no damage which when Almagro saw and observed he immediately fell upon Pedro de Candia and killed him with his Lance upon the very Cannon and being full of rage and anger for this piece of treachery he leaped from his Horse and mounted on the nose of one of the Guns and with the weight of his body lored it in such manner as to make it bear on the Enemy and then ordering the Cannonier to give fire thereunto he placed his shot amidst the Squadron of Vaca de Castro which raking them from the Front to the Rere as Carate confirms in the 18th Chapter of his fourth Book and Gomara in Chap. 150. but do not say how many were slain thereby which were seventeen Men which unlucky shot had it been followed by others with the like success they had needed no other force but had secured the Victory according to the assurance which Suarez the Serjeant-Major had given but all was lost by that treachery which Pedro de Candia had acted For we must know that Captain Pedro having considered that Hernando Piçarro who was the Person that had affronted and injured him was imprisoned in Spain as we have formerly mentioned and that by reason of him had sided with the party of Chili And that the Marquis who by his Power and Greatness had much oppressed him was now dead he judged himself sufficiently revenged both of one and of the other And that now since there was a new Governour it was his best course to return unto the Obedience and Service of his Majesty that he might not utterly lose all the hopes and merit he had acquired by being useful in the Conquest of that Empire And on this Motive it was that he sent secret intelligence to the Governour not to fear the Cannon for he would so order it that he should not need to apprehend any damage or hurt from thence On confidence of which promise the Governour resolved not to delay the Battel though Pedro de Candia did not attain the end he designed CHAP. XVII The Relation of the cruel Battel of Chupas is continued A disagreement amongst the People of Almagro The Victory of the Governour and the Flight of Almagro THE Serjeant-Major and the other Captains of his Majesty observing what a Lane was made through their Squadron by the Enemy's shot and that their Foot was daunted therewith they presently clapt within the void place and caused their ranks to close up and without stop or any delay to make up directly upon the Enemy and to have no cause of retardment they left and deserted all their own train of Artillery The Captains of Almagro not well considering their case and advantage and as people not much used to such kind of emergencies observing the Enemy to advance upon them cried out with a loud voice Let not our Enemies gain honour by our cowardise they see us stand still as not daring to oppose them Let us to them let us to them for we are not able longer to endure this affront Herewith they forced Almagro to advance with his Squadron and with so little consideration that they made him to interpose between the Enemy and his own Cannon which when Serjeant-Major Suarez observed he went to Almagro and with a loud voice told him saying Sir had you kept the order which I directed and had followed my counsel you had been victorious but since you take measures from others you will lose the honour of this day and since your Lordship is not pleased to make me a Conquerour in your Camp I will make my way to it on the side of your Enemies And having repeated these words he set Spurs to his Horse and passed over to Vaca de Castro advising him immediately to close with the Enemy and to give them no time for that there was great disorder and confusion in their Counsels Vaca de Castro observing this good advice which Suarez had given him commanded his Forces to march directly up in face of the Enemy with which Francisco de Carvajal was so encouraged and assured of victory by reason of the unskilfulness of their Foes that he threw off his Coat of Male and his Head-piece and cast them on the ground telling his Souldiers That they should not be affrighted at the Cannon for that if he who was as fat and big as any two of them was not fearfull of them much less ought any of them who were but half the mark that he was At this time a certain Gentleman who was of Noble Bloud and rode with the Horse observing both sides within Musquet-shot and that there was no other remedy but that he must engage he on a sudden passed forth from the Squadron of the Governour and said Sirs I declare my self for the party of Chili for all the World knows that at the Battel of Salinas I was then on the side of Almagro the Elder and since I cannot now be for them there is no reason but that I should stand neuter and not be against them Herewith he sallied out of his rank and separated himself at some distance where a certain Priest remained called Hernando de Luque who was a Kinsman to that School-matter of Panama that was the Companion and Associate of Almagro and Piçarro With this Priest there was another Gentleman also who being sick was excused from the Fight but the retreat of this Gentleman was interpreted by all the Army to be an effect of down-right cowardise and that therefore he durst not engage on either side The Harquebusiers of Castro de Vaca would have fired upon him but the haste they were in prevented their intention and when they understood the reason for which he desired to stand a Neuter they then were willing to spare their shot I had once an acquaintance with him and left him alive in a certain City of Peru when I departed thence and I know and remember well his

Carvajal was absent from him Piçarro put no Spaniard to death without the consent and concurrence of his Council nor then neither without due Process of Law and Confession of the Party He enacted that no man should oppress an Indian which was one of the new Ordinances nor take his goods from him without money upon pein of death He ordered and appointed that Priests and Scholars should be entertained in all inhabited places for to preach and instruct the Indians at the charge of men who had Estates in the respective Districts and ordered the payment thereof upon penalty of forfeiture of their Estates He was very carefull and industrious to gather in the King's fifths according as he said to the example of his Brother Francisco Piçarro He ordained that Tithes should be or one out of Ten and that now since Blasco Nunnez was subdued and slain in the War he commanded that every one should industriously apply himself to the service of the King that so his Majesty might gratiously be pleased to repeal the late Statutes confirm to them their Estates and grant them pardon for what was past Thus all people praised his prudence and remained contented and satisfied under his Government so that Gasca himself after he had made experience and seen the good and wholsome Laws which he established gave this character of him that for a Tyrant he governed very well The which happy Government as we have said before continued untill such time as that the Fleet was resigned to the command of Gasca Thus far Gomara And as to what he farther adds in that Chapter we shall leave untill a more proper place and in the mean time treat of several remarkable passages and famous exploits which passed and leaving Gonçalo Piçarro in Quitu we shall make a transition of about seven hundred Leagues to find out Francisco de Carvajal and Diego Genteno whom we left disputing their Matters and doing all the hurt and damage they could to each other as will farther appear in the following Chapter CHAP. XXXVI Of a brave Strategeme of War which Diego Centeno performed against Francisco Carvajal Several other Successes and Passages are related untill the end of that pursute WE have formerly mentioned in what manner Francisco de Carvajal pursued Diego Centeno without losing one moment of time and keeping him in continual Allarums he ever marched with a Squadron of Foot in a posture to fight and following them just at the heels he daily fell in with their Baggage or some other part of Centeno's Forces In this hot pursute it happened one day that they were to pass a deep hole or valley between two hills as is usual in that Countrey the descent whereunto was about a League to the bottom where was a small stream of Water and the rising again about the same distance and yet from the top of one Hill to the other it was not farther than a Musquet-shot Francisco de Carvajal being well acquainted with this place was confident that he should here take his Enemy in a Trap believing that whilst Centeno was descending to the bottom he should be able to gain the Top of the Hill and possess himself of that advantageous place from whence he might much annoy him and his men for they ascending the Hill and he remaining on the top with steddy footing and rests for their Arms they could scare miss doing some execution with every shot And as Carvajal and his Souldiers contrived this design and were confident of the success of it so Centeno was no less carefull to prevent the mischief and secure his men in the passage being well advertised of the danger they were to pass in order whereunto about a League before he came to the bottom where the stream of Water ran he assembled his chief Commanders and told them that they were now to pass a most dangerous place for whilst we are mounting the Hill on the other side the Enemy will possess themselves of the eminency on this part from whence they may with much advantage fire upon us so as scarce a shot can miss of doing execution To prevent which I would propose as the onely means of security to us that six of you who are the best mounted should secretly retire behind this Mountain on the right-hand and that when Carvajal and his Van-guard are past that then you sally forth and fall upon the Rere killing all the Negroes Indians Spaniards Horses Mules and what else is in your way making what noise and out-cry that is possible so that Carvajal being allarum'd therewith a Diversion may be made and Carvajal may be forced to return back to succour his own People and in the mean time we may make our escape over this dangerous passage To perform this exploit he nominated six persons to avoid all contention amongst them for every one out of gallantry was forward and ready to offer himself there being fifteen or sixteen whom he had called to this conference Accordingly Diego Centeno marched forward charging his people to make all the haste they were able whilst he brought up the Rere The six Cavaliers also turned off to the side of the Mountain where they remained concealed untill Carvajal with the Van which consisted of his best and select Souldiers was past and then they sallied forth and with great fury fell in upon the Rere killing with their Lances all the Indians Negro's Spaniards Horses Mules and whatsoever stood in their way so that an out-cry was made for help and succour Carvajal though he heard the noise yet he still kept on his march judging that the allarum was false and that if it should prove so upon his return he should lose the opportunity of a Victory which he believed to be now secure and in his own power in the mean time the six Cavaliers carried all before them and amongst the rest overthrew a Mule which carried some quintals of powder to which they gave fire and blew it up which made such a terrible noise that the Woods and Mountains resounded with the Echo and that was sufficient to convince Carvajal that the allarum was not false and thereupon he gave order to his Souldiers to face about and succour the Rere and then the six Cavaliers gave over the Charge and fled taking their way by guidance of some Indians over cross and by-paths and taking a large compass came at last after six or seven days travel to join with their other Companions Francisco de Carvajal having in this manner relieved his Rere was forced to continue all that day and the night following in the same place and give over the pursuit of the Enemy for the six Horsemen upon their first Charge having found no opposition killed and lanced all that stood in their way by which means a stop being put to the proceedings of Carvajal Centeno found an opportunity to escape that dangerous Pass which he greatly feared would be destructive to him Carvajal was

and give me leave not to believe you for it is impossible you should be without Bullets The Souldier finding himself thus urged in truth Sir said he upon the word of a Souldier I have but three● Oh Sir answered Carvajal did not I tell you that your Worship being the man you were taken for could not be without Bullets and therefore I desire you to lend me one of your three to bestow upon another and then kill me to day a Bird with one of the two remaining and a man with the other on the day of the Fight and then I will require you to shoot no more By this saying Carvajal would give us to understand that if every Musquetier could but kill his man the Victory would be secure and certain But howsoever he largely supplied the Souldier with Ammunition and Arms as he did all the others who had occasion of Powder and Bullet in this pleasant manner he treated with his Friends but when he came to deal with his Enemies he treated them at another rate with all gravity caution and reservedness required Another quaint saying of his was expressed to his Musquetiers in sight of the Enemy when he advised them to level their Arms from the Girdle downwards and not from the Breast to the Head upwards For look you Gentlemen said he Bullets are apt to rise and that which misses though but two Fingers breadth is lost and cannot doe execution but that which flies low and grazes ten paces off may yet have some effect And in case you wound your Enemy either in the Thighs or Legs he must fall and become disabled when on the contrary a man may receive a shot either in his Arm or Body unless the wound be mortal he may yet continue fighting Upon this ground and for this reason he ordered his Musquetiers not to fire above a hundred paces distant from the Enemy which as Carate saith did such cruel and terrible execution that in the first ranks of Captains and Ensigns and in the eleven files which were in the Van before them these remained not ten men found all being killed or wounded which was a sad case and much to be lamented In like manner these Shot gauled the Horse very much of which Alonso de Mendoça and Jeronimo de Villegas were Captains so that ten or twelve of the Cavaliers were dismounted and amongst them was one Carrera whom we have formerly mentioned One of the Colonels named Luys de Ribera considering that in case the Horsemen were detached by degrees and ordered to charge the Foot they would all be killed one after the other before they could be able to come up to the Enemy and therefore Orders were given that they should charge Piçarro's Horse who seeing the Enemy coming upon them kept their ground and stirred not one step forward as the Lieutenant General had directed that the Musquetiers might not lose their Shot nor advantage of their Vollies as the Enemy came up to them but when he saw that Centeno's Horse had passed the right wing of the Foot he then advanced thirty paces forward to receive the charge of the Enemy Centeno's Horse riding upon a full trot over-bore Piçarro's Horse and trampled and trod them under foot as if they had been so many Sheep so that as Historians agree and I with them Men and Horse were overthrown and scarce ten Men of all their numbers remained who were not dismounted One of these thus hardly beset was Gonçalo Piçarro himself who being single and divided from his Company hastened up to join with his Foot. But being known by three Cavaliers of chief note they fell upon him with intent to kill him or take him prisoner one of them was called Francisco de Vlloa another Michael de Vergara and the other Gonçalo Silvestre This latter assailed Piçarro on the right side Vergara on the left and Vlloa joined with Vergara These two came up so closely to Piçarro that they gave him many Stabs under the Ribs but good Arms defended him Michael de Vergara made a loud Out● cry and said This Traytor Piçarro is my prize and my prisoner In this manner they all four pursued him till he came up to the Foot but the Horse on which Gonçalo Silvestre rode most troubled and endangered him for being a nimble Horse and in a full carriere he came so close up to him that Silvestre took hold of the Horse's pectoral and stopped him in his course which when Piçarro perceived he turned about his body to him and with a short Cutlace which was hanged with a Ribon on the wrist of his right hand he gave three Cuts upon his Horse one of which lighted upon his Nose and cut off his Lips so as the Teeth were laid bare upon one side another Cut he gave him over the Nostrils and the third took him over the hollow of his right eye though without hurt to his sight And this Piçarro performed with so little concernment as if he had been engaged in sports of the Ring or other Feats of Arms. And this very story I heard from Gonçalo Silvestre himself who often amongst other particulars of this Battel recounted this passage and the same I have heard confirmed by divers others And that all four of them pursued him up to his body of the Foot. CHAP. XX. The Story of the cruel Battel of Huarina is farther continued several Feats of Arms performed therein The Victory is gained by Piçarro WHEN the Souldiers saw him coming they knew him to be Piçarro and charged with their Pikes to receive and defend him Silvestre perceiving that he had not wounded Piçarro with all the Stabs he had given him on his sides he stopped his hand and gave a Cut on the Blade-bone of his Horse's Shoulder but the wound was so inconsiderable that after these matters had passed and the Wars were at an end this particular was scarce judged worthy to be mentioned lest it should accuse his Arm of faintness and want of strength but this small wound was again returned by Piçarro's Souldiers who sallying forth to kill those who pursued him wounded Silvestre's Horse in the head with a Lance which made him rise up on end and then another with his Lance ran Silvestre himself through both his Arms the Horse with the smart of his Wounds floundred and tumbled on all four with the force of which the head of the Lance broke off in his Arms but howsoever the Horse bounsing up carried off his Master with more danger than what is here expressed But Michael de Vergara was more unfortunate for he in the heat of his Fury fansying that the Traytor Piçarro was his prisoner pursued him within three or four files of the Enemy where they knocked him down and cut both him and his horse into pieces Nor did Francisco de Vlloa succeed better for as he was turning his horse to escape a Musquetier clapt the nose of his Gun on the reins of his Back