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A26553 Academia scientiarum, or, The academy of sciences being a short and easie introduction to the knowledge of the liberal arts and sciences, with the names of those famous authors that have written on every particular science : in English and Latine / by D. Abercromby ... Abercromby, David, d. 1701 or 2. 1687 (1687) Wing A77; ESTC R6380 46,476 244

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did in Polybius his time there were 600 Triaries in the Legion and 1200 of every one of the three other sorts to wit of Princes Hastaries and Velites When the Legion was more numerous those three different sorts were likewise encreased the Triaries only excepted who were always the same number In the Militia of this Age there is no such repartition observed the Armies being not always divided into parts made up of the samo numbers for some Regiments have 10 Companies others 15 others 20 c. Likewise the Compapanies have not always the same number some being a hundred men strong others one hundred and twenty others one hundred and fifty c. In this Age an Army is drawn up in Battel or three Lines and the French divide sometimes every Line into several little Bodies the Turks give sometimes to their Army the figure of a Cer●sont The Camp especially if the Enemy be near ought to be in some place where there is a great abundance of Water and Provisions And if the Army is to make a long stay 't is to be observed if the Air be good Ye are not to Encamp near a Hill which being taken by the Enemy might incommode your Camp Authors Polybius Stevin Herigone Sectio Secta Ars Bellica ARS Bellica seu Militaris tum Graecorum tum Romanorum varie discrepabat ab hodierna recentiorum Communis Graecorum exercitus numerabat 28672 quibus non annumeramus qui Elephantis insidebant qui non eundem semper numerum conflabant sed interdum majorem minorem interdum Hic exercitus dividebatur in equites peditesque pedites rursus in Oplitas Psilos Oplitae erant gravis armaturae milites Psili levis armaturae Numerus Oplitarum duplus erat numeri Psilorum Psili equitum numerum geminabant Omnes Oplitae unius Phalangis uno colligebantur in agmine cujus frons constabat 256 ala 16. Ex omnibus Psilis Phalangis constituebant Graeci duo agmina a fronte stabant viginti octo supra centum a latere octo Omnes equites Phalangis distribuebantur in turmas quadratas sedecim quarum quaelibet quatuor supra sexaginta milites continebat In exercitu Graeco ex quadruplici Phalange conflato quatuor erant agmina Oplitarum octo Psilorum sexaginta quatuor turmae equitum Romana legio quatuor complectebatur hominum Genera diversa non aetate tantum divitiis scientiaque Bellica sed armis modoque pugnandi Ex junioribus enim pauperioribusque ut testatur Polybius seligebantur Velites ex proximis hastarii ex aetate florentibus Principes senioresque magis experti seligebantur in Triarios Numerus militum ex quibus diversi illi ordines constabant diversis temporibus diversus erat prout legio magis minusque numerosa erat Cum legio constabat ducentis supra quatuor millia ut temporibus Polybii constabat sexcenti erant Triarii in legione ducenti supra mille in quovis ordinum reliquorum scilicet Principum Hastariorum Velitum At numerosiore jam legione tres varii ordines numerosiores omnes reddebantur exceptis tantum modo Triariis quorum numerus idem semper erat In Militia hujus saeculi nulla hujusmodi distributio observatur cum exercitus non dividatur in partes eodem semper numero constantes Quaedam enim legiones constant 10 cohortibus quaedam 15 quaedam 20 paucioribus aut pluribus cohortes pariter non semper eodem constant numero Quaedam enim constant 100 militibus aliae 120 aliae 150 c. Hoc saeculo exercitus pugnaturus in tres ordines distribuitur Galli unumquemque ordinem in varia agmina quandoque distribuunt Turcae exercitum interdum ordinant in formam lunae crescentis Castra maxime si in propinquo fuerit hostis debent figi in loco tuto ubi magna adsit aquarum copia commeatusque si diuturnior esse debeat exercitus mora videndum an aura illic salubris sit Cavendum autem imprimis ne castra prope montem statuantur qui ab hoste occupatus exercitui noxius esse posset Authores Polybius Stevinius Heregonius Sect. VII Cosmography COsmography is a Description of the World and its chief Parts The World is the Highest Heaven and whatever it contains it is divided into the Sublunary Region and the Coelestial The Sublunary Region is obnoxious to divers Changes and is contained in the concave surface of the Orb of the Moon It contains the four Elements the Earth the Water the Air the Fire The Semi-diametre of the Earth contains about 3436 Italian miles The ordinary depth of the Sea is 500 Geometrical paces The Surface of the Earth is almost equal to the Surface of the Sea and somewhat higher because we see that Rivers from their first rise to the Sea go always downwards The Divines think that the Earth was entirely round and surrounded with Waters on all sides but after God had commanded the Waters to retreat so many Hills were made as there are Concavities to receive the Seas The Coelestial Region is that part of the World which is extended from the concave surface of the Heaven of the Moon to the convex surface of the Highest Heaven which space comprehends the Heavens of all the Stars Astronomers distinguish three sorts of Spheres the first is streight when the Equator maketh streight angles with the Horizon the second is oblique when the Intersection of the Horizon and Equator makes oblique angles the third is the Parallel Sphere when the Equator and the Horizon are joyned together Astronomers conceive ten Points and ten chief Circles in the concave superficies of the first Mobile The Points are the two Poles of the World the two Poles of the Zodiack the two Equinoctial and two Solsticial Points Zenith and Nadir The Circles are the Horizon Meridian Equator Zodiack the Colures of the Equinox and the Colures of the Solstice The Cancer and Capricorne the Arctick and Antarctick circles by Zenith and Nadir we understand two points the first directly answering to our Heads and the second to our Feet Astronomers fancy divers Motions in the Heavens the Primum Mobile turns round with it all the other Orbs in 24 hours They allow to the other Heavens under the first Mobile a motion of Libration from the North to the South and from the South to the North. The Eclipse of the Moon is a real privation of its light by the interposition of the Earth between it and the Sun The Eclipse of the Sun is not a real privation of light because the Sun Eclips'd is only hid from our eyes by the interposition of the Moon All the Eclipses of the Moon are universal or seen by all such as see the Moon all the Eclipses of the Sun are Particular ones or not seen by every one that sees the Sun There are five Zones one Torrid two Temperate and two Cold ones The torrid Zone is comprehended between the two Tropicks its breadth is