Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	earth_n	nature_n	water_n	6,401	5	6.5273	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58144	The earth twice shaken wonderfully, or, An analogical discourse of earthquakes its natural causes, kinds, and manifold effects : occasioned by the last of these, which happened on the eighth day of September 1692, at two of the clock in the afternoon : divided into philosophical theorems, pick'd out of many famous, modern, and ancient treatises, translated into English : with reference to that unusual one that happened in Queen Elizabeth's reign, on the same day, 8th of September 1601 ... : with an account of many stupendious and wonderful events in Germany, Italy, and other kingdoms ... / by J.D.R., French minister.	J. D. R., French minister.	1693 (1693)	Wing R37; ESTC R4234	44,661	64

of showers faâ—â—ing onâ—â— â—t hath likewise much moisture which proceeds from the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ and â—â—re which is in it self and engenders much Spirits both wiâ—hin and without it self Neither is there any reason why any one should obâ—â—â—â— wâ—â—t Seneca says in quâ—st natâ— That no rain is so great â—s to ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ to or Weâ— tâ—e Earth above two Foot For that is not true of everâ— shower of â—ain nor of much and continued rain neither in the Superficies of thâ— Earth the only conveyance of rain into the Earth but it also is carried through the Caves of the Earth that are open and is in great plâ—â—ry infuâ—'d into the in ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Recesses of the Earth by Fountains Wells and Rivers which are increased by raiâ— 52. To which rainy Weather was added an unusual coâ—d in the Dog Days by which the Passages and Pores of it were so shut up that the Humours gathered together in the Earth could not evaporatâ— 53. And the South West wind blowed for many days together so that the Vapours accommodated for an Eâ—rthquake were enâ—â—eâ—â—d and nourished For the South Wind is warm and moist so that iâ— hath been rightly observed by Aristotle that it is apt both to excite and nourish the matter that causes an Earthquake and as the â—outh-West Wind is near in place so in temper and effect 54. Which cold Weather was presently followed by a caâ—mness and heat a little before the end of August So that the Vapoâ—â—s which had been generated by continual Rain within the Caveâ—ns of the Earth grew dry And a Vapour made warm bâ—câ—â—â—â—es a slâ—tuous And when there arise such contention between cold ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ or and heat in which the cold is neither qâ—ite overcome and consumed nor the heat is altogether conquâ—rouâ— winds are engâ—ndâ—ed Which is rightly observed by Physicians in the Bodies of Men when heâ—t acting upâ—n Phlegâ—n cannot totally consume it then are generated Wâ—nds 55. It could not be but that the Vapours contracted within the Earth by the â—pposing cold both proper to the Earth and also caused by the iâ—â—â—â—â—al Constitution of the Air should be deeply laid No otherwiâ—e tâ—an it the Spirits are more deeply concealed and constrainâ—d when the coldness of the Clouds doth resist and constrain more sâ—iffly 56. The subterraneous Fire scattered through the Cavities of the Earth so heated these Vapours shâ—t up in the Earth very deeply that it made them more subtil and more aâ—ilâ— the Caverns thrâ—ugh Europe and other places being disposed for it for the Reasâ—â—s a â—ore mentâ—oâ—eâ— That there is â—ire every where scattered through the Cavities of the Earth boâ—h the Fire which in many places breake forth out of the most prâ—found Câ—ves of the Earth doth evince as also the hot Waters or Baths which rise in many places to add nothing of the engendâ—ing of Sâ—â—phur Brimstone and other Minerals in which there is an igneous force and nature The burning of Aetna equally celebrated by Peers and Gâ—ographers is described by Soinâ—us câ—p 2 Heny the Nephew of that â—â—iâ—y by his Sister whose death the Vâ—suvian Mountain caused say lib. 2 Epict. Not long â—â—nâ—e the Island Georgia one of those isles they câ—ll the Third shaken by a dreadful Earthqâ—ake and gapâ—ng there â—ssuâ—d out some much Fâ—ame so many â—ot Stores so much Sulphâ—r and burning â—rimstones which were tâ—rown into the Air that many Houses were Buâ—nt Inhabitants destroyed Vine-yards and Gardens quite defeced But whence come so many Flames under the Earth From the dry Vapours which being so closely press'd in the Earth and from several motions and agitattions in it Fire doth necessarily Kindle For Fire says Aristotle is â—ighâ—ed smoke About the year 1541 Fire broke out of a fouâ—tain named Elisâ—um Gregor Agricola dâ—â—â— squae â—ffâ—uunt Ã¨ terrâ—lâ—b 4. pag. 152. â—nd Straâ—o Writes that so great â—â—re issued out of the Earth that some Towns were consumed and among thâ—m Sâ—dom at the Lake â—â—phaltites But we are tâ—ught better by Mâ—ses in his sacred History Moreover as our Fire whâ—â— 't is shut in is moved up and down by a various Reciprocation some doubt not buâ— suâ—teâ—raâ—â—ous â—ire is diversly excited and sometimes slies downwards â—nto the most profound Caâ—eâ—nes and sometimes â—pwarâ—s towards the highest Parts of the Earth as the â—arth is variously changed and dispoâ—ed by Heaven and the Air. 57 â—nâ— these I take to be the second Causes of that Spiâ—it which lately shooâ— the Earth so swiftly and so deeply which yet could not â—â—kâ—ly produce to unusual an Earthquake by its Natural Power alone 58. To which was added that chief and first Cause God who by an extraordinary way of aâ—â—ing wonderfully â—nerâ—â—sed the sâ—râ—â—â—th of that Spiritâ—s generaâ—ed within the Earth anâ— added one dâ—â—râ—e of force to â—t beâ—ond its own Power which Nâ—ture câ—uld no add so that this Earthquake may be reckoâ—ed not purely Naâ—ural but mixt with both as we aâ—â—erted before For ad Miracles do not exclude Nâ—ture but many include it so that they increase its force and vertue and extâ—rd it to that degree to which it could not attain unless the Aâ—n â—gâ—â—y Powâ—r ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ were superadded The Scripture doth prepose uâ—to is â—n evident Eâ—â—â—â—pâ—e of it in Sampson whose predigious strength by his bâ—ddy Tempâ—r and all his Sinews and Musâ—les were so exceedingly streng However God himself did reinforce and increase them so much that be could rent into pieces a young roaring Lion like a Kid Judg. 14.7 that he could break the strongest Cords like a Linnen-thread or Flax that he could slay a Thousand Men with the Jaw of an Aâ—s Judg. 15. That he could take the Doâ—rs of the Gates of the City and the two Posts and carry them upon his Shoulders to the tep of an Hill Judg. 16. So the Divine Power of God did increase the natural strength of David that he could overthrew this prodigious and Stronglined body Goliah with a Sâ—ing only 1 Sanâ—ud 17. To the same kind of Miracle we may refer the Example of â—lijah 1 King 19. where it is said that having eat a Cake and drank Water out of a Cruise he was so sustained that in the strength of that Meat he went forty days and forty nights unto Hereb the Mount of God There are evidences enough throughout all the Doctrines of Divines concerning the variety of Miracles their many â—orts and their ends to shew that these strengthning and reinforcing of Natural Faculties though supplied by God may fall out also on err Ages as we have observed in a few words before in the nineteenth Theorem CHAP. III. Of the Effects and Presages 59. ALthough those things which happen contrary to Nature have not an end properly and perse out of Nature yet they have their effects presages and portentaâ— When Earthquake happâ—ns besides its Nature it cannot have an end properly and pâ—â—se in respect of the Earth For the end of every thing is according to its Nature 2. Phys 3. But in respect

which are seldom shaken because they commonly have Caverns as iâ— observed in Germany and France as Georg. Agricol lib. 4. de effluentibus â—â—terra observes But Constantinople and Basill in that part that borders on the Sâ—a or a great River are examples of this the one of which of all the European and the other of all the German Cities is most infested with Earthquakes as we shewed before of Constantinople out of Agathias's History but Procopious plainly attests that Constantinoâ—le shook for forty days together in the year 554. and in the year 740. it was shaken twelve months together beginning on the 7th of November as is noted among others by Funccius But in later Ages evea in our own and Fathers memory we have heard of frequent Earthquakes in that City which was felt by A. Gilpin Busbequiuâ— among others and writ by him in the Epistles of his Turkish Embassy And Stumpsius and others have writ how often and grievously Basill hath been shaken Benedictus Arretius in the aforesaid Problem reckons up ten times that Basill was shâ—ken with great danger and loss in the space of 800 Years In the Years 801 824 829 1021. when the whole City was almost destroyed the Chuâ—ch with many Houses being thrown into the Rhine And again in the Year 1062 when a grievous Plague ensued upon the Earthquakes again in the Year 1356 on the 18th of October it shook ten times about Evening so that the Church Walls Towers and a great part of the City being destroyed by it there were a 100 Men killed Stumpsius says Liv. 12. cap. 28. That the Earthquake continued all that year and that Basill shook ten times in an hour In the following Year 1357. there happened another also in the Year 1444. as likewise in the Year 1456. it shook again but in the Year 1533. most terribly as we read in Munster not without great Commotion of Mind The laâ—e Earâ—hquake was not a little perceived at Basill And Mentz hath sometimes been dâ—ngerously shaken by Earthquakes and that thrice between the Year 855 and 880. and the first time the Walls and the Church of Vrban fell down Constance also by the Lake of the Rhine trembled nineteen times the same day in the Year 1295. The People of Strasburg often ran to their Tents out of the City by reason of the danger they were under from an Earthquake especially in the Year 1357. But I think there is no City upon the Rhine or in Germany that is more frequently or dangerously shaken than Basill the reason whereof a Traveller seriously thought when he was viewing its Scituation than which a more pleasant one he never had seen nor was like to see and he thus considered with himself that the Cause of so great and so many Earthquake in that place was partly common with other Cities seated by Rivers and partly proper and peculiar to that place The common Cause is that the River passing by the City makes the Earth chinky and then pours in Water into those Caverns it hath made which deeply penetrating the Earth engenders Vapours which being obstructed by the cold of the Water ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ cannot evaporate but being kept within the Earth longer time and varicusly agitated are turned into blasts and winds adapted for Earthquakes but the peculiar and proper Cause of Earthquakes in that City is first because the Rhine is there narrower and more contracted and being thus imprisonned seeing it cannot overflow the Banks it is carried more impetuously the force of the Water being contracted within it self and as it were by undermining it makes the deepest places of the Channel and Banks hollow and more cavernous than in other places so that more Vapours are apt to be generated and tarry there where they sind a receptacle being also enclosed and shut in by the cold of the Water or River Another Cause is the many Dens and Caverns that are in a high Hill by the Rhine adapted for the reception of Vapours the Passage of which is easie and plain through the Pores of the Earth leading to the Rhine To which may be added that this Hill scituate on the Rhine whereon a great part of the City is built hath every where a solid Superficies which is stony so that many Vapours being engendred by the River flowing by and imprisonned within the porous and cavernous Earth cannot conveniently exhale through those ways which they naturally seek but being denied a passage and collected and coarcted by their striâ—e and reciprocation and so gathering strength by their heat and â—aâ—ity they impetuously invade and shake that which hinders them from above Lastly 'T is probable there is much Subterraneous fire where Basill stands or not far from thence as there is at Baden which is distant but one days Journey from Basill where there are many and great Bâ—ths as is usual in such places Exhaltations sallying out of the Earth even under the Waters of Limage that flows by it which grows hot at the bottom by the Subterraneous Exhalations as is often selft by those that go naked into that River Moreover reason it self discovers and the examples of flames often breaking out in an Earthquake testifie what great power Subterraneous fires have to move the Earth if they be shut up within the Earth So that Geor. Agricol truly says lib. 2. de ortu cau Subter pag. 27. That hot places and where there are many hot Vapours are obnoxious to Earthquakes because Subterraneous fire is apt to beget a quantity of smoaky Exhalations sooner than a little heat Yet Baden that hath so much Subterraneous fire is seldom shaken which is because the Exhalations there break out in great quantity through the looser and thinner Superficies of the Earth in regular Ways and convenient to their Nature And if the Superficies of the Earth were so dispos'd at Basill that the hot Water which are perhaps in the Earth could have a passage and sâ—lly into the open Air their Vapours would exhale in a suitable way and would be a certain remedy against frequent and dangerous Earthquakes Which since nature hath denied perhaps it might be effected by Art by every where digging and opening Caves towards the City which might exhale the preconceived Spiritus which is observed in some Towns which are seldom shaken having some Caves digged to make a passage for the Water which remedy Pliny prescribes lib. 2. cap. 82. But I hope God who hath vouchsafed to commit the heavenly Doctrine and Academy as a precious pledge and gage to it will hereafter preserve that remarkable City from those grievous Concusions whereby Cities use to be destroyed 4. What credit may one give to the Relation of Plato of the Island Atlantis drowned by an Earthquake Pliny lib. 2. cap. 9. where he says an Earthquake took away all the Ground where Atlantick Sea is if we credit Plato Which relation of Plato's that Pliny hints at is extant in Timeus where

These Spirits being deep in the Earth and closeley contracted the nearer they arrive aâ— the Superficies of the Earth the more they are dissipated and scattered and so they exâ—end further in length and breadth 40. And they more powerfully endeavour â—o extriâ—â—e themselves and they â—ssuâ—â—onâ— more sâ—visâ—ly by now much he more they are deeply laid in the Earth and closely contracted Which may be proved by he experiment of Fire which when it is narrowly contracted bâ—eaks for hâ—â—â—e more violently man instant when it hath the oporâ—uâ—ity of in Aâ—ituâ— to coâ—vâ—y iâ— seâ—f oâ—t which is apparent in Gun where the igâ—â—ou force of the Gun-Powder being shâ—â— in a nerrow room breaks out swifter than one can think or imagin 41. Which Principles being presupposed let us now shew the Cause of the Earthquake which we are treating of which extended so far and was â—o quickly caused 42. It was a Vapour or Spiriâ— subtilly disposed and burâ—ed profundly toward the Center of the Earth or at least the Center of Europe or of those Countries that were shaken whence sallying out in great quantity and number it spread fare and near with wonderful Celerity Trembling in the Earth is nothing else but the Thunder in a Cloud says Pliny lib 2. cap. 79. As therefore some Thunder reacheâ— further and issues out more violently than other both according to the different disposition of the Cloud and also according to the quantity and quality of the Spirit deeply â—â—ried in the Cloud or approaching nearer to its Superficies so the greater or lesser Latitude and Celerity of Earthquakes is to be derived from the different disposition and sâ—ituation of the Spirits And that also which we asserted of the Center is easie to be understood For that which is placed in the middle of a Circle or Globe doth more easily move the whole Globe than that which recedes from the Center towards the side of the Globe which is well known by them who prepare Fireballs and throw them into the Air often to the great Admiration of the Spectators And I call that the Center of Euâ—ope which is in the midst of that Circle which is drawn from one Extream oâ— Euâ—ope to the other in that space of the Terrene Goble in which Euâ—ope is contained 43. But whence comes it that this Spirit is so deep so subtil and so â—wist Partly from the first and partly from the second Causes 44. The efficacy of Celestical Bodies doth dâ—sâ—rvedly claim the first place among second Causes which rises from their different respect to one another or the mixture of their liâ—ht and rays Sâ—ch is the â—ower of the Subject as is it self seeing therefore Heaven is the first cheâ—â—eâ—t greatest and swiftest of all Bodies its Force and Efficacy must needâ— be the first greatest and swiftest for Heaven is so closely connexed with inferiour Bodies that its virtue may be trâ—nsâ—usâ—d into the Earth and communicated to it even in its most abstruse receâ—â—es Whither he efficacy of the solar Rays doth reach is evident from the generation of Metals and other subterraneous Bodies which iâ— no ways possible without the Sun and its Rays 45 The efficay and vertue of Saturn this very year was chefiest amongst the Planets whence it happened that Maâ—ter and Fuel was afforded for cold Vapours both above and within the Earth 'T is an Astronomical Rule confirmed by experience that the Knowledge of the Earthquake is to bâ—derâ—ved from Saturn it being a Planet effective of cold and dâ—yneâ—s And the first matter of Vapours is cold and dry which being gathered together at first by the intervention of other Causes â—roâ—â—s hot anâ— is rarâ—fied To which may be added the Quâ—â—rate Aspect of Jupiter and Mars in July whereby cold Vapours are made hot and disposed for windy Temperament 'T is an old Opinion confirmed by Reasons drawn from the Nature and Proâ—ertâ— of Planets and also from experience that the Power of the three Super our Planets Saturn Jupiter and Mars â—s most eminent in producing Earthquakes the first by his light doth â—ncrease cold Vapours which are made hot by the third and so tempered by the second that the heat being neither able to subdue nor bâ— subdued there are necessarily generated flatuous Vapours whereof we shall speak hereafter 47 And when the Earthquake happened the Sun was in the Sign of Virgo which is it self very much adâ—pted for Earthquake 48. There happened in the foregoing Month of July two Eclipses the Moon on ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ thâ—â—un's on the Nineteenth and no wonder ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ that â—â—me divers â—â—poâ—â—s were collâ—â—â—ed within the â—arth so ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ Râ—ys of the ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ being weakned by their being ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ aâ—â—sing from ram could not be ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ all which the mâ—eting of two Eclipâ—â—s iâ— one Month â—s a preâ—â—ging Evâ—nt That ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ by the Eclipses of the Sun and the Mooâ— is the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ of ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ 2 Mâ—tâ—or câ—p 8 and of Pliny ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ which is confirmed by exâ—â—â—ienceâ—â—oâ— only ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ but ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ râ—câ—ssâ—s bâ—â—n â—â—ene ratâ—d â—y the heat ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ Râ—â—â—s â—es by a certain Spiâ—it are purged froâ— thâ—â— râ—d nâ—â—â—â— ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ is which canâ—ot be when those lâ—â—â—ts are â—iâ—clâ—pâ—d For ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ sâ—pâ—â— fâ—uotâ—s â—umouts abound and aâ—so the poâ—â—s of thâ—â—aâ—th whâ—ch thâ— ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ would otherwise opâ—n arâ— shut up so that he Vapâ—uâ—s cannot regularly and convenientlâ— exhale So says Arisâ—otle ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Mâ—tâ—or cap S. â—â—â—thquâ—kes happen aboâ—t the time of â—clipses for ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ the defect of â—iâ—ht â—n cessaâ—â—â—y â—nâ—uâ—s the dâ—seâ—â— of â—eat which iâ— cauâ—ed by the Sun or ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ on throughout the Air. Neâ—â—her doâ—h that Aâ—â—â—â— ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Rulâ— want its Foundâ—tâ—on many â—â—convâ—mencies ensue to the Woâ—ld upon the Obscuâ—atioâ— of bâ—th the â—umâ—â—aries of Heaven in the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Mâ—nth I don't spâ—ake hâ—re of that effâ—â—t of â—clipâ—es which is in Potentia and hath its regâ—rd to futurities bâ—t of that which is in Actu and accompanies an â—clipse conâ—dered in it self 49. To which may be added that which is a â—earer Cause to wit ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Constitutâ—on of the Air which in the pâ—â—c dinâ— Summer was ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ â—â—â—apted for the â—enâ—ration of flatuoâ—s Vapours 50. Abouâ— thâ— beginning of Summer there was very hot Weather by which the Faith was prepâ—red and disposed to engender and receive Vapouâ—s 51. Which was follâ—wed in the midst of Summer by continual ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ by which the Earth being opened bâ—fore by the prâ—câ—ding ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ â—as ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ deeply wâ—tted that abundance of Humours must neâ—â—ssarily have bâ—â—n â—â—ored up Which câ—n ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ the Râ—â—n is attested by Aâ—istotle in the aforâ—said place 2. Mâ—teâ—r ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ says he happen in Spring and ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ but â—spâ—ciâ—â—â—â— iâ—â—â—iny Weather because then thâ—re is a ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Eâ—haltation which being inâ—â—rcepted in the narâ—oâ— passages of the Eâ—â—th is there thâ—t in because the Caâ—ties of the Earth are full but when the Wind in contrâ—cted wâ—â—hin a narrow place it ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ effâ—â—â—ive of Motâ—â—n And there is a remarkâ—ble place in the beginning of the Chapter where he says that the Earth is of it self dry yet but reason

which Eâ—tropius notes about the time the Arrian Heresie and Tyrâ—nny spreâ—d through the East that there were frequent Earthquâ—kes and that those places shook grievously Neither is that which the same Aâ—thor relates less remarkable that presently after the Death of the Apostles Paul Laodicea and Collossus were swallowed up by an Earthquake so that the punishement of those that contemned the Doctrine of Paul might be conspicuous And I seem not to have spoken rashly when I said that no punishment or calamâ—ty is more grievous than an Earthquake seeing 't is an evil that can neither before seen nor easily averted by any Remedies Pliny lib. 2. cap. 82. prescribes two Remedies against Earthquakes viz. to dig many holes in the Earth and make many passages there but this is both labourious and almost as dangerous to Cities and Towns as an Earthquake But perhaps some body will say we shall be safe in Rivers against Earthquakes I confess there is some safety in Rivers and Synecius whom I cited before Writ is that in a great Earthquake he thought the Sea more secure than the Land but that doth not want its dangers neither for the bottoms of Rivers are obnoxious to Earthquakes as we shall shew in our Problems and the Earth may easily gape under the Water or some heap of Earth plunged into the River from the Neighbouring shore may overwhelm us and sometimes Rivers us'd to be dried by Earthquakes so that they that seek safety in the Rivers against an Earthquake may find their Death and Grave But I cannot conjecture what should be the meaning of that which Agathias lib. 5. says is the true Platonic Opinions that he that perished by an Earthquake is to be esteemed more happy than he that saved from it For if an Earthquake be a most grievous punishment which the Scripture attests he cannot be happy who is involved in an Evil grievous in it self and terrible to all Mankind 75. Lastly The Scripture speaks of an Earthquake as of a Sign or the forerunner of the last decretorial Judgment at which a little before the end of the World that great Judge will appear with the Angels of his Power who himself say Luke 21.11 That there will be great Earthquakes in every place before his coming And Matth. 24.7 He makes use of almost the same Words The Prophesies of future Signs respects both the destruction of the Temple and City of Jerusalem and the end of the World Therefore that which is asserted of great Earthquakes may be accommodated to both those times For Josephus diligently observes how great Earthquakes preceded the last sacking of Jerusalem 76. Of this sorts of ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ good Men think that was of which we are now treating by which the Son of God in this last Age of the World would warn and excite Mens minds that they might seriously and timely prepare themselves for the great Sessions and hear that Sentence either of Eternal Life or Death never to be revoked I see no reason why we should doubt that some Signs nearer and greater forerunners of the coming of Christ to Judgment than others And therefore although this Earthquake be to be numbred among those Signs as the ingenious and learn'd Mr. Beverly elegantly insinuates yet 't is likely there will be some other Earthquake more terrible meerly miraculous and nearer the Day of Judgment Which he may be applied to other Signs as darkning of the Sun and Moon may be gathered from 24 of Matth. and 21 of Luke and from Acts 2.19 where Peter cites that of Joel I will give Miracles in Heaven above and Signs in the Earth below Blood and Fire and the Vapour of the Smoak The Sun shall be changed into Darkness and the Moon into Blood before that great and glorious Day of the Lord comes c Thou Lord Jesus come comâ— quickly or if it seems good to thee to delay grant that while the Earth shakes and Hell rages while Kingdoms Empires and Kings are shaken and dashed one against the other the Church thy little Flock may enjoy at least a moderate quiet and rest both here in England and throughout the whole World Amen CHAP. IV. Of the likeness or unlikeness of these two Earthquakes 77. IT remaineth now that we may examine in what these two Earthquakes do agree and in what they do differ as well in their Forms and Causes as in their Effects As to the Form 't is said in the 15th Theorem that the first was partly trembling and partly pulsative according to the diversity of the plainness or unplainness of the Fields But all do agree that this last was some kind of panting or brandishing Motion for the Earth was shaken lateraly according to its Latitude now that don't befall so in the Pulse or Vibration and that sort of Earthquake is more frequent Upon the lassing of the first all Authors do not agree But as to this last 't is Witnessed from all places that it did last two Minutes I will only mention these words of Mr. Edward d' Auvergne Chaplain to my Lord John Bathe Governour of the Cittadel of Plimouth in his Relation of the most â—â—markable Transactions of the last Campaign in the Confederate Army where he was pag. 61. We felt an Earthquake says he which lasted about two Minutes and shook the Earth very violently It was felt at the same time all over Flanders in many parts of England and France and in other places of Europe we had it about two of the Cloek It caused a great Consternation in our new Garison of Dixmuyde some thinking at first that the French had undermined several parts of the Town and were in Ambuscades going to blow them up 78. We may observe among the other Conformities of these two Earthquakes these two chiefly the Conformity of the Month and the Conformity of the Day Nay we should make some consideration of the Time on the Day on both to wit that the first happened at two of the Clock in the Morning the last at two of the Clock in the Afternoon so 't is only the intercalation of 12 hours which Event is remarkable enough But now in regard of the Conformity of the Month We have observed in the 45 Theorem that amongst the Planets the Efficacy of Saturn did prevail that year The same is happened this last year as 't is clear by the Observations of Mr. John Partridge that Famous Mathematician upon the Month of September He says so the Month of September begins with Quartile of Saturn and Venus The Trine Jupiter and Mercury with a wet and windy Air. 2dly 'T is observed in the 46 and 47 Theorems that the Power of the three superious Planets Saturn Jupiter and Mars is the most eminent in producing Earthquakes Besides 't is constantly affirmed that the first Earthquake happened when the Sun was in Virgo So were all these things disposed at the time of this last Earthquake These are the very words

the Caverns of the Earth is mingled with the Subterraneous Vapours and so conjoyntly with them shakes the Earth when it could never separately and by it self To this I will add that those that attribute Earthquakes to internal flatus differ in their Opinions for some say that the Earth being void of all Life and Sense hath some Spiritus engendred together with it which Opinion is constantly defended by Aristotle But there were others formerly who attributed such a Life and Spiritus to the Earth as in the bodies of Plants and vital and animal Spirits as there is in Animals which Opinion is espoused by one of the Physical Writers all other Philosophers that I have seen are of Aristotles's Opinion as being most constant to reason and experience For seeing the Earth is a Principle and Element of all mixt bodies consequently every mixt body would live yea the Earth would be no longer an Element if it had life for living bodies have received their last complection and perfection which cannot be asserted of Elements which are designed by Nature for the constitution of fuller bodies as the Principles of all mixt bodies But let us see how the Earth is moved supposing it lives as in the Body of Man say those who are of that Opinion when 't is well the Veins through which the Blood and Spiritus pass are not disturbed but when 't is not well they never leave panting so the Earth when 't is in its natural situation Vapours are quickly diffus'd through its Veins is obnoxious to no Earthquakes but when it hath not its own situation and the Vapours intangled with Ruin and Mud find not a free passage through the Veins then there must necessarily happen a shaking of the Body of the Earth so the Earth is therefore moved by them because 't is in a Feaver Sene. lib. 6. natur quaest thus attacks that Opinion If says he the Earth like an Animal is moved from this Cause it will all feel vexation for a Feaver in us doth not more moderately impel some parts and others more quickly but runs through all with an equal degree But Physicians will think this reason of Seneca's weak for one Member of an Animal may be infested ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ with a trembling or palpitation so that if we grant the Earth lives part of it may tremble and be shaken alone for altho' it hath not either Nerves or Muscles yet it hath Veins and as it were Pipes on every side sill'd with Spirits 6. Whether Subterraneous Exhaltations are generated by the Sun Beams Aristotles constant Opinion is they are generated partly by the heat of the Sun influecing them from above partly by the heat of Subterraneous fire every where dispersed through the Caverns of the Earth as he speaks lib. 2. Meteor cap. 8. The Earth of it self says he is dry but it receives great moisture from Rains which growing hot by the Sun and the heat in the Earth begets much Vapours both without and within the Earth which Opinion is therefore disaproved of by Geor. Agricol lib. 2. de ortu Subter pag. 25. because the Sun draws all the Vapours it begets out of the Earth But Aristotle will easily answer That some Vapours are therefore heated by the Sun that they may be drawn out but some are engendred so deep within the Earth that they cannot be drawn out I confess heat draws moisture to it self doth not drive it away but it doth not draw out all its draws to it Neither doth that presently obtain the end that acts for an end The Refiners of Metals and Mines fetched out of the Veins of the Earth must needs says Agricola To hew a Ditch on the Earth under the Crucible to draw thither all dampness for fear lest otherwise the strength of fire drawing out the moistness of the Earth into the Crucible it would grow swelled and burst to pieces with sudden loss and squandering away of the Metal If the heat doth draw to it self the moistness much more can it put in a motion an Exhalation and draw to it a Vapour which is of the same kind with it self This is true yet they do not evince that which they were to prove that the heat of the Sun doth draw out presently that Exhalation and set it at freedom which it draws to it that 's not altogether in the power of the Sun there are these things that detain that Exhalation engendred within the Earth that it cannot fly whither it is drawn 7. Whether Aristotle for any certain Reasons appoints more solemn times â—oâ— Earthquakes We noted before in the 28 Theorem that Arislotle waâ— of opinion that Earthquakes commonly happen about the Equinox in Spring and Autum but the accurate Searcher of Subterraneous things Geor. Agric. pag. 29. is of another opinion where he says Whâ—n I examine his Reasonâ— why Earthquakes happen oftner in Spring and Autumn than in Summer and Winter by night than day in the night time at the breaking of the day oftnest in the day â—ime at noon I find them weak and of little force for he attributes all to the Sun which he doth because if it be without this the Earth at all times of the year would have the same disposition in it The Sun says Agricola cannot be the Cause much less the Moon 's Ecclipse because if the presence of the Sun conduced to this more Earthquakes would happen in Summer than in the Spring or Autumn more in day time than in the night and if its absence be influential there would be more at midnight than at break of day in Winter than in the Spring or Autumn Aristotle observed not that the scorching of the Sun heating the Earth draws those Vapours out of the Earth not shats them in it that were neither generated by it or were touched by internal heat after their generation But this is that ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ of which we disputed in the preceding Problem The Sun engenders Exhalations which when they fly into the Air of their own accord are said to be drawn and extracted by the Sun but I do not grant that speaking properly the Sun draws forth Exhalations But let us speak as the custom is that the Sun doth draw Exhalations towards it does it therefore draw them out of the Earth Agricola excepts There is no stopping says he that hâ—nders those which the Sun produces for it would not engender them unless its vertue could pierce into the upper part of the Earth and the Sun excites the Exhalations out of the Earth by the same way the power of the Sun penetrates into the â—arth and so doth not imprison them within the Earth The Reader sees how ready an Answer is for Aristotle The Sun says Agricola would not beget Exhalations unless it could bring them forth out of the Earth yea it begets many not to extract them but to afford matter for the generation of Metals within the Earth as Gold Silver and

Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Text snippets containing the quad