Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	boil_v	put_v	sugar_n	6,647	5	11.2306	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33345	A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1670 (1670)	Wing C4558; ESTC R17743	124,649	128

stopping the sharp end of the Pots with Plantane Leaves they fill them and let it stand till it be cold which will be in two dayes and two nights Then they remove them into the Trying-house and pulling out the stopples the Molosses runs out into a Gutter that carries it into Cisterns again and that they call Peneles which is a Sugar somewhat inferiour to Muscovados which will sweeten pretty well and is of a reasonable good colour When it 's well cured they remove the Pots from the Curing Room into the Knocking Room and turning them upside down they knock them till the Sugar falls out in which there are three sorts The first is Brown Frothy and light The bottom is of a darker colour Gross and Heavy and full of Molosses both which they cut away and boil them again with Molosses for Peneles The midle which is more then two thirds of the whole is a White colour dry and sweet which they send to their Storehouses at the Bridge there to be put in Casks and Chests to be shipt away Though the Muscovado Sugars require but a moneths time in making after it is boiled yet White Sugar requires four Moneths and it s made thus They take Clay and temper it with Water to the thickness of Frumentry and pour it on the top of the Muscovado-Sugar as it stands in the Potts and there let it remain four Moneths and when it comes to be knock't out of the Pots the top and bottom will be like Muscovadoes but the middle perfect White and excellent Lump Sugar The Skimmings before spoken of when they have stood till they are a little soure they still it and the first spirit that comes is a small Liquor which they call Low-Wines which they Still over again and then comes off a very strong Spirit which is very Soveraign when they are ill with Colds which the Negroes are oft subject to having nothing to lye upon but aboard and nothing to cover them And though the Dayes be hot the Nights be cold and they coming hot and sweating from their dayes labour are subject to catch cold and when they feel themselves amiss one dram of these Spirits cures them And the Christian Servants when their Spirits are exhausted by their hard labour and sweating in the Sun ten hours every day and their stomacks weakened a Dram or two of these Spirits is a great comfort and refreshing to them They make much money also of them by selling them at the bridge so that they make weekly so long as they work 30. l. Sterling besides what is drunk by their servants and slaves WIT HS There is another Plant which they call a With which is exceeding harmful For it pulls down all it can reach to Canes and all other Plants If it comes into a Garden it will wind about all Hearbs and Plants that have stalks and pull them down and destroy them If into an Orchard it will climb up by the bodies of the Trees into the Branches and draws them as it were into a purse for out of the main stock hundred of sprigs will grow and if any other Tree be near it will find the way to it and pull the tops of them together and hinder the growth of the Fruit and cut the main stock at bottom in hope to kill it the moisture in the Branches above will cast down a new root into the ground yea it will reach the highest Timber and so enwrap their branches as to hinder their growth and oftentimes it fastens one Tree to another so that one shall hinder the growth of another If you clear a passage of ten foot broad between a Wood where it grows and your Canes over night and come the next morning and you shall find the way crossed all over with Wit hs and got near to the Canes and if they once get amongst them you cannot destroy the one without the other for wheresoever they touch ground they get new Roots and so creep into every place and as they go pull all down Yet have they some good virtues for they serve for all uses where ropes or cords are required as for binding their Wood and Canes into Faggots c. And without them they were in an ill condition having no other wood fit for hoops for their Hogsheads Barrels and Tubs and they can have them of what length and bigness they please And for such uses they are very good There are several kinds of these Wit hs some that bear fruit somewhat bigger then the Cod of a Bean which being divided long-wise with a Knife you shall perceive the most various and beatiful colours that can be and so well matched as to make up a very great beauty Many Canes there be in the Island some large enough to hide five hundred men the runaway Negroes oft shelter themselves in for a long time and in the nights range abroad and steal Pigs Plantanes Potatoes and Pullen and feast all day upon what they stole in the night And the nights being dark and their bodies black escape undiscovered Another sort of Wit hs they have that are made of the Gum of Trees which falls from the boughs drop after drop one hanging by another till they touch the ground from whence they receive nourishment and grow larger And if three or four of them come down so near as to touch one another and the wind twists them together they appear like ropes Aloes they have growing there very good and its a beautiful Plant and the leaves four Inches broad and three quarters of an inch thick and a foot and half long with prickles on each side and the last Sprout which rises in the middle bears yellow Flowers one above another which are two foot higher then the Leaves These thick Leaves they take and cut them through and out of them issues the Aloes which they set in the Sun that rarifies it and makes it fit to keep They save the first running for if it run too long it will be much worse This Plant in England we call Semper vivens Of this is there to be be made an admirable Medicine for a Burn or Scald An Ointment foor a burn or Scald thus Take Semper vivens Plantane Leaves and the green Rind of Elder of each a like quantity and boil them in Sallet Oyl till all the Tincture be drawn in boyling Then strain out the Oyl well and put it on the fire again and put to it a small quantity of the Spirits of Wine and so much Yellow Wax as will bring it to the consistence of a Linement to keep it for use There also the sensible Plant which closes the Leaves upon any touch with your hand or that end of the staff by which you hold and in a little time will open again There are few flowers in the Island and none of them sweet The White Lilly and Red Lilly are much fairer then ours and very beautiful but

have and some skins which they cast about them like Irish Mantles being either Bear Mooses or Beaver-skins sewed together c. and in the Winter deep Fur'd Catskins which they wear upon that Arm that is most exposed to the weather When they are disposed to Trade they choose a good course Blanket or piece of Broad Cloth which they make a Coat of by Day and a covering by Night They love not to be imprisoned in Cloaths after our Mode Though they be poor yet are they proud which discovers it self by their affecting Ornaments as Pendants in their Ears forms of Birds Beasts and Fishes carved out of Bones Shels and Stones with long Bracelets of their curiously wrought Wampompeag and Mowhacks which they wear about their loins Many of their better sort bear upon their cheeks the Pourtaictures of Beasts and Fowls which they make by rasing of their skin with a small sharp Instrument under which they convey a kind of black unchageable Ink which makes them apparent and permanent Others have impressions down the out side of their Arms and Breasts like Stars which they imprint by searing Irons A Sagamore with a Hum-bird in his Ear for a Pendant a black Hawke on his Head for a Plume Mawhack instead of a Gold Chain store of Wampompeag about his Loins his Bow in his Hand his Quiver at his back and six naked Indians for his Guard thinks himself nothing inferiour to the great Cham and will say that he is all one with King Charles Of their Diet Cookery Meal-times and Hospitality In the Winter time they have all sorts of Fowls Beasts and Pond-fish with some Roots Indian Beans and Clams In the Sommer they have all manner of Sea Fish with all sorts of Berries These they roast or boil in great Kettles which they gat by trading with the French and now of the English Before they had good earthen Pots of their own making their Spits are cloven sticks sharpned at one end and thrust into the ground a dozen of them with Flesh and Fish about a fire turning them as they see occasion This they present to their Guests dishing it in a rude manner and set on the ground without Linnen Trenchers or Knives to this they presently fall aboard without Bread Salt or Beer lolling after the Turkish fashion not ceasing till their full bellies leave empty platters Their Indian Corn they seeth whole like Beans eating three or four corns with a mouthful of Fish or Flesh filling up thinks with their Broth. In Sommer when their Corn is spent Isquoterquashes is their best Bread like our young Pumpions When our English invite them to meat they eat very moderately though at home without measure They all meet friends at a Kettle save their Wives who attend at their backs for their bony fragments They keep no set meals but when their store is spent they bite on the bit till they meet with fresh supplies their Wives trudging to the Clam-banks when other Provision fails It s the greatest discourtesie you can shew them not to eat of their Delicates of which they are as free as Emperors and not to sup of their Broth made thick with Fish Fowl and Beasts all boiled together Of their Dispositions good Qualities as Friendship Constancy Truth and Affability These Indians are of an Affable Courteous and well-disposed Nature ready to communicate the best of their wealth to the mutual good one of another and the less abundance they have the more conspicuous is their love in that they are as willing to part with their mite in poverty as their Treasure in Plenty He that kills a Deer sends for his friends and eats it merrily He that receives but a piece of Bread from an English hand gives part of it to his Comrades and they eat it together lovingly Yea a friend can command a friends house and whatsoever is his saving his Wife and have it freely and nothing sooner disjoyns them than ingratitude accounting an ungrateful person a double Robber not only of a mans curtesie but of his thanks which he might have from another for the same profered and received kindness They so love each other that they cannot endure to see one of their Countrymen wronged but will defend them stiffly plead for them strongly and justifie their integrity in any warrantableaction They are true and faithful to the English and have been the disclosers of all such treacheries as have been designed by other Indians against them If any roaving ship be upon the Coast and chance to harbour in any unusual Port they will give the English notice of it which hath been no small advantage When the English have travelled far into the Couutry they readily entertain them into their houses quarter them in their Rooms and provide for them the best victuals they can and give them kind entertainment if it be for two or three weeks together They are also ready to guide them through the unbeaten Wildernesses and if any loose their way they will not leave them till they have brought them to their desired place They are very careful to keep good correspondence with our English Magistrates being ready to execute any service which they require of them If any Malefactor withdraw himself from condigne punishment they will hunt him out and not rest till they have delivered him up to Justice They are kind and affable very wary with whom they enter into friendship nothing is more hateful to them than a churlish disposition or dissimulation They speak seldom and then utter not many words and those they do they deliver very gravely They never fall out amongst themselves nor abuse each other in language Yea though in Gaming they lose all their little all yet is the Loser as merry as the Winner and they part good friends Of their Hardness Their hardness is to be admired no ordinary pains causing them so much to alter their Countenance Beat them whip them pinch them punch them if they resolve otherwise they will not winch for it and though naturally they fear death yet the unexpected approach of a mortal wound by Sword Bullet c. strike no more terrour causes no more exclamation no more complaint than if it were a shot into the Trunk of a Tree Some have been shot in at the Mouth and out under the Ear others into the Breast others run through the flanks with Darts others received desperate wounds and yet either by their rare skill in simples or by Charms have been cured in a short time In the night they dare not stir out of their houses for fear of their Abamaco the Devil they will rather lie by an English fire all night than go a quarter of mile in the dark to their own houses Of their wondering at their first sight of any new Invention They being strangers to Arts are ravished at the first view of any new Invention They took the first Ship they saw for a mourning Island the Masts

Collonel Walronds who though he wants Sheep Goats and Beef yet he makes a plentiful supply in sundry sorts of Fish which the other wants For all other sorts of Meat which were at Sir James Draxe his Table he found at Collonel Walronds as also Mullets Maquerels Parrat-fish Snappers red and grey Carallos Terbums Crabs Lobsters long Fish with divers others for which they have no names Besides he dwelling so neer the Haven hath of all the Rarities that are brought into the Island from other parts As Wine of all Kinds Oyl Olives Capers Sturgeon Neats-Tongues Anchoves Caviare Botago with all sorts of salt meats both Flesh and Fish As Beef Pork pease Ling Habberdine Cod poor John c. Above one hundred sail of ships come yearly to this Island that bring servants and slaves men and Women Horses Beasts Asinegoes and Cammels Utensils for boiling of Sugar and all manner of Tools for Tradesmen Iron Steel Lead Brass Pewter Cloth of all sorts both Linen and Woollen Stuffs Hats Stockings Shooes Gloves Swords Knives Locks c. and many other things And they carry back Indigo Cotten-wool Tobacco Sugar Ginger and Fustick wood Of their several sorts of Timber Timber for building they have great choice and plenty As the Locust Trees which are so long and big as may serve for Beams in a very large room Their bodies are strait above fifty foot long the Diameter of the Body about three foot and a half The Timber hereof is hard heavy and firm not apt to bend and lasting The Mastick Trees not altogether so large as the former but tougher The Bully Tree is somewhat less but in other qualities goes beyond the former It 's strong lasting yet not heavy nor so hard for the Tools to work upon The Red Wood and Yellow prickled Wood are good Timber and higher then the Locusts The Cedar is the best of all it works smooth and looks beautifully Of it they make Wainscot Tables and Stools They have Iron Wood and another sort that will endure wet and dry Of these they make Shingles wherewith they cover their houses because it will neither warp nor crack Of their Stone They have two sorts of Stone for building The one lies in Quarries but these are small rough and somewhat porous Being burnt they make excellent Lime white and firm by the help whereof they bind their Stones and make them to endure the weather The other sort of stone they find in Rocks and Massy pieces in the Ground which are soft and therefore they saw them to what Dimensions they please and the longer it lies above ground the harder it grows Hangings they use not in their houses because they would be spoiled by the Ants eaten by the Cockroaches and Rats Of their Servants and Slaves In the Island are three sorts of Men Master Servants and Slaves The Slaves and their Posterity being subject to their Masters for ever they take more care of them then of their Servants which are theirs but for five years by the Law of the Island So that for the time the servants have the worser lives For they are put to hard labour ill lodging and slighted diet Formerly the servants had no bone-meat at all except a Beast died and then they were feasted as long as that lasted Till they had planted good store of Plantans the Negroes were fed with Bonavisto and Lob-Lolly and some ears of Maise tosted but now they are well pleased with their Plantans wherein they much delight and thus they dress it It 's gathered for them before it's full ripe by the keeper off the Plantan Groves who is an able Negro and laid upon heaps till they fetch them away which they do every Saturday night about five a clock for then they give over work sooner then ordinary partly for this work and partly because the fire in the Furnace is to be put out and the Ingenio to be made clear besides they are to wash shave and trim themselves against the Sabbath It is a fine sight to see an hundred of these Negroes men and women every one with a Grass-green bunch of Plantans on their heads every bunch twice so big as their heads all marchin gone after another Having brought it home they pill off the skin of so much as they will use and boil it making it into Balls and so eat it One bunch a week is a Negroes allowance which they have no bread nor drink but water their Lodging at night is a boord with nothing under nor any thing above upon them The usage of the Christian Servants is much as the Master is whether merciful or cruel Such as are merciful use their servants well both in Meat Drink and Lodging But the lives of such servants as have cruel Masters is most miserable When any ships bring servants thither the Planters buy such of them as they like and with a Guide send them to their Plantations where they must presently build them a Cabin or else lie upon the Ground These Cabins are made with sticks wit hs and Plantane Leaves under some little shade that may keep off the Rain The food is a few Potatoes for meat and water or Mobby for drink At six of the clock in the Morning they are rung out to work with a Bell with a rigid Overseer to command them till the Bell ring again at eleven of the clock and then they go to Dinner either with a Mess of Lob-lolly Bonavist or Potatoes At one of the Clock they are rung out again where they work till six and then home to a Supper of the same But now their lives are much better For most servants lie in Hamocks in warm rooms and when they come home wet from work they have shifts of shirts and Drawers which is all the Clothes they wear and are fed with Bone-meat twice or thrice in a week Of their great Fires Sometimes through carelesness of servants whole fields of Sugar Canes and Houses have been burnt down For if the Canes take fire there is no quenching of them they burn so furiously and make a terrible noise For each knot of every Cane gives as great a report as a Pistol There is no way to stop it but by cutting down and removing all the Canes before it for the breadth of twenty or thirty foot down the wind and there the Negroes stand and beat it out as it creeps along and some of them are so earnest to stop it as with their naked feet to tread and to roll their naked bodies upon it so little do they regard their own smart in regard of their Masters benefit When Negroes are brought to be sold the Planters go to the ship to buy them where they find them stark naked and therefore cannot be deceived in any outward infirmity The strongest youngest and most beautiful yield the best prizes thirty pound is the

Plin. 18. The Fountain of Jupiter Hammon is cold in the day time and hot at midnight 19. The Fountain of the Sun hath its water extream cold and sweet at noon and boiling hot and bitter at midnight Plin. lib. 2. c. 103. Augustine 20. There is a River in Palestine called the Sabbatical River which runs with a violent and swift stream all the week but every Sabbath it remains dry Joseph de Bel. Jud. l. 7. c. 24. Some question the truth of this 21. In Idumae● is a Fountain called the Fountain of Job which for one quarter of the year is troubled and muddy the next quarter bloody the third green and the fourth clear Isiod 22. The River Astaces in the Isle of Pontus uses sometimes to overflow the fields after which whatsoever sheep or milch-Cattle feed thereon give black milk Plin. l. 2. c. 103. 23. Furius Camillus being Censor in Rome the Lake Albanus being environed with Mountains on every side in the time of Autumn when other Lakes and Rivers were almost dry the waters of this Lake after a wondrous manner began to swell and rise upwards till at last they were equall with the tops of the Mountains and after a while they brake thorow one of those Mountains overflowing and bearing all down before them till they emptied themselves into the Sea Plut. 24. The River d ee in Merionneth-shire in Wales though it run through Pimble-Meer yet it remaineth intire and mingles not its streams with the waters of the Lake Cam. Brit. 25. Ana a River in Spain burieth it self in the earth and runneth under ground fifteen miles together whereupon the Spaniards brag that they have a bridg whereon ten thousand Catle feed dayly 26. Pliny tells us of a Fountain called Dodon which always decreaseth from midnight till noon and encreaseth from noon till midnight 27. He also tells us of certain Fountains in an Island neer Italy which always increase and decrease according to the ebbing and flowing of the Sea 28. Aristotle writeth of a Well in Sicilie whose water is so sharp that the Inhabitants use it instead of Vinegar 29. In Bohemia neer to the City of Bilen is a Well of such excellent water that the Inhabitants use to drink of it in a morning instead of burnt wine Dr. Fulk 30. In Paphlagonia is a Well which hath the taste of wine and it makes men drunk which drink of it whence Du-Bartas Salonian Fountain and thou Andrian Spring Out of what Cellars do you daily bring The oyl and wine that you abound with so O Earth do these within thine entrals grow c. 31. Aelian mentioneth a Fountain in Boeotia neer to Thebes which makes Horses run mad if they drink of it 32. Pliny mentioneth a water in Sclavonia which is extream cold and yet if a man throw his cloath cloak upon it it is presently set on fire 33. Other waters there are which discolour the fleeces of the sheep which drink of them whence Du-Bartas Cerona Xanth and Cephisus do make The thirsty flocks that of their waters take Black red and white And neer the crimson deep Th' Arabian Fountain maketh crimson sheep 34. And again What should I of th' Illyrian Fountain tell What shall I say of the Dodonean Well Whereof the first sets any cloathes on fire Th' other doth quench who but will this admire A burning Torch and when the same is quenched Lights it again if it again be drenched 35. In the Province of Dara in Lybia there is a certain River which sometimes so overfloweth the banks that it is like a sea yet in the Summer it is so shallow that any one may passe over it on foot If it overflow about the beginning of Aprill it brings great plenty to the whole region if not there follows great scarcity of Corn. Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 823. 36. In the Kingdom of Tunis neer unto the City El-Hamma is a hot River which by diverse Channels is carried through the City the water of it being so hot that few can endure to go into it yet having set it to cool a whole day the people drink of it Idem p. 821. 37. In Africa there is a River called Margania and by it a salt spring which turns all the wood is thrown into it into hard stone Idem p. 1547. 38. The River Meander is famous for its six hundred windings and turnings in and out whence that of the Poet Quique recurvatis ludit Maeander in undis Maeander plays his watry pranks Within his crooked winding banks 39. Groenland in the Hyperborean Sea was discovered Anno Christi 1380. it hath in it the Monastery of St. Thomas situate in the North-East part thereof at the foot of a Mountain where there is a River so hot that they use to boil their meat in it and it serves for other such purposes as fire doth with us Isac Chron. p 275. 40 The river Hypanis in Scythia every day brings forth little bladders out of which come certain flies which are thus bred in the morning are fledge at noon and dye at night Fit Emblems of the vain and short life of Man 41 The famous River of Nilus in Egypt useth once in the year to overflow her banks whereby the whole Country is watered It usually beginneth to overflow upon the seventeenth of June and increaseth daily sometimes two sometimes three fingers and sometimes half a cubit high on a day The increase of it is known by a Pillar erected in a Cistern whereinto the water is conveyed by a Sluce which Pillar is divided into eighteen parts each a cubit higher than the other If the water reach no higher than to the fifteenth cubit they expect a fruitful year if it stay between the twelfth and fifteenth cubit the increase of that year will be but mean If it reach not to the twelfth it s a sign of scarcity If it rise to the eighteenth the scarcity will be greater in regard of too much moisture This River continueth forty dayes increasing and forty dayes decreasing Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 838. 42. Another thing is wonderful which is this In the Grand Cairo which is the Metropolis of Egypt the Plague useth many times to be very violent till the River begins to overflow its banks at which time it doth instantly cease So that whereas five hundred a day dyed the day before not one doth die the day following Idem p. 897. 43. In the County of Devon not far from the Town of Lidford at a Bridg the River Lid is gathered into a strait and pent in between Rocks whereon it runneth down a main and the ground daily waxing deeper and deeper under it his water is not seen only a roaring noise is heard to the great wonder of those that pass by Camb. Brit. p. 199. 44. In Warwickshire at Nevenham Regis three fountains arise out of the ground strained through an Allom Mine the water whereof carrieth the colour and tast of Milk which