Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	boil_v	put_v	strain_v	4,145	5	10.7106	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52587	The art of gunnery Wherein is described the true way to make all sorts of gunpowder, guu-match [sic], the art of shooting in great and small ordnance: excellent ways to take heights, depths, distances, accessible, or inaccessible, either single or divers distances at one operation: to draw the map or plot of any city, town, castle, or other fortified place. To make divers sorts of artificiall fire-works, both for war and recreation, also to cure all such wounds that are curable, which may chance to happen by gunpowder or fire-works. This treatise is composed for the help of all such gunners and others, that have charge of artillery, and are not well versed in arithmetick and geometry : all the rules and directions in this book, being framed both with and without the help of arithmetick. By Nathanael Nye mathematician, master gunner of the city of Worcester.	Nye, Nathaniel, b. 1624.	1647 (1647)	Wing N1481; ESTC R223771	65,085	215

out of the higher vessel into the Tub that stands under take all the earth out of the upper vessel and fill it with more of the said earth then pour upon this earth in the vessel the water as you made first called water of Foot and wash of earth suffering it to drop through the same into the undermost Tub standing under the earth Tub so often until it be so salt as to bite your tongue and that an egg will swim on the top of the water The first water being brought to this perfection pour the second water upon the said earth or other earth that it may by often passing through be of as biting a taste as the former as also able to bear up an egg Now this second water being very strong must be boiled in a Cauldron and after it hath well boiled abate the fire under the Cauldron until you have taken off it all the scum which must be saved in a Pot then presently make a good fire to cause it to boil again with speed and as the water in the Cauldron diminisheth scum the said water and keep the said scum When the scum shall be thick hard and of a French Russet colour take some water out of the Cauldron and let it drop upon a piece of Iron for if the water be boiled enough the drops of water will congeal upon the same Iron but if they do not congeal it is a sign it may abide the fire longer when it s boiled as you may perceive by the aforenamed signs take it from the fire and preserve it because it is the Peter-water Now when you have made an end of boiling the second water you must boil and scum the first water named water of Foot or wash of earth till it shall cast up a scum of a French Russet colour unto which if it should happen to cleave to the sides of the Cauldron you may put in the other Russet scum that was made and saved by you before to boil with it until the drops of this water falling upon Iron will congeal if this congealed water be very soft you must boil it longer but if hard it is a sign it is burned to amend this fault put some clear water thereunto to amend it then taking the Cauldron from off the fire and setting it a stoop so that the lies and drugs which being congealed are the very salt whereof Saltpeter is made may not with any water run over the brims of the vessel You must if you will make good Peter suffer the said water to settle in the same vessel and congeal in a darkish room and the water which after two or three days will not congeal hath dropped into some other Tub take the Saltpeter out and preserve the water that dropped because it is Master water and shall afterwards be used as I shall give you directions CHAP. 6. To make another excellent sort of Saltpeter of Flower that groweth on walls How Salt-peter water must be boiled and how you may know when it is boiled enough TAke of flower or plaster that groweth on walls four parts of unslact lime one part this one part of lime must be well boiled in water over a fire and after it hath boiled enough it must be taken from the fire and suffered to settle then it must be strained into another vessel then put the four parts of flower into such a vessel as I in the last Chapter ordered for earth pour upon the said flower so much of the strained water which I call lie or lime water as will dissolve the flower when the flower is dissolved let the water drop out of the said vessel into an under vessel then boil those said drops of lime water over the fire till they being put upon Iron will congeal and be of a temperate hardnesse for if they are very hard the water is burned but if soft not enough when it is well boiled that is to have the drops thereof on Iron neither too hard nor too soft take it from the fire and scum it with a scummer and do unto it all that hath been taught in the last Chapter to be done with Peter-water CHAP. 7. To make a third sort of Saltpeter very excellent and with more ease and less cost then the two former ways TAke Quicklime and pour warm water upon it and let it stand six days stirring it once or twice a day take the clear of this water set it in the Sun until it be wasted and the Saltpeter will remain in the bottom CHAP. 8. How to refine Saltpeter to make it fit for use PUt Saltpeter with well slacked lime into a clean Cauldron and pour upon it so much lime water or fair water as will lie four fingers in height above the Peter and lime and make a good fire under the Cauldron that they may quickly boil and be you ready as scum shall rise to take it away with a scummer when you perceive that no more scum will rise take the Kettle from the fire and setting it somewhat aslope let the boiled water cool settle and clear in the Sun if the boiled water will not wax clean by this means put ashes into it and boil the same again a little while This done take the Cauldron again from the fire and set it aslope sprinkle on the boiled water some fair water cold for by so doing you shall make the said water clear this water being clear must by little and little be poured out into some other vessel so that the dregs or grounds may not go out with the same for the water which lieth above in the vessel Saltpeter is made and in the water below at the bottom of the vessel which are the lies or dregs of Saltpeter after you have in this sort poured out the said water into other vessels and have suffered the same for two days or more if need be to congeal in the same vessels you must take the said congealed water which is Salt-peter out of the vessels and dry the same with the heat of the Sun or by the fire After you have taken the said Saltpeter out of the vessels the water which remains boil over a good fire and when it casts up any scum take the scum off then try whether it be enough by dropping some on Iron if it congeal in a temperate way take it from the fire this being done as it cooleth you shall see a thin skin to lie upon the water which also scum off this water will then congeal into Peter as did the other but it is not so good To refine Saltpeter with fire do thus Take an Iron Skellet and fill it with Peter set it on the fire and cover it close with some Iron cover on the top or with a Tyle when the Saltpeter is melted take Brimstone most finely beaten and cast some thereon kindle it and let it burn till all the upper part be burned which when effected will leave

the Saltpeter clear like to a piece of Marble for the Brimstone will burn up the gross victiousness of the Saltpeter CHAP. 9. How Saltpeter meal is made and how Peter meal without any beating will serve to make Gunpowder with his materials HAng a Kettle over the fire and put Salt-peter therein when it shall begin to boil fry and smoke stir it about with a wooden Ladle cease not to mingle the Saltpeter well together until it wax dry for by so doing you shall take away the grease and salt that was in it then pouring so much water into the Kettle as will cover the Peter you must melt the Peter again over the fire continually stirring it until it become dry as before and be like meal CHAP. 10. How the makers of Gunpowder do mingle together the materials of which they do make Gunpowder And also how to corn the Powder PUt all the Saltpeter together that you will use into a Cauldron for if it be to make Canon powder you must take four parts of Peter one part Brimstone and one part Cole if Musket powder 5 1 1 if Pistol powder 6 1 1 boil the Salt-peter in a Cauldron with so much water as will serve to dissolve it which being so dissolved ought to be washed and laid upon a clean place this done beat into dust the quantity of Cole that is to be added to this mixture and then put this dust or fine beaten Cole unto the dissolved Peter incorporate them very well together and as you are blending them put in by little and little the Sulpher very well beaten when this mixture of Saltpeter Brimstone and Cole are well incorporated lay it forth to dry a little when the same mixture is somewhat dryed by beating the Cole until it is subtile and in palpable and is made a very well mixed substance sift it well through a sive then casting water or vineger upon it corn it and when you have so done dry it against the fire and Gunpowder is made There are divers ways to grinde Gunpowder the best way is to stamp it in Morters with a Horse-mill or Water-mill for the powder is thereby most finely beaten and with least labor with a knife cut in pieces some of this composition and if it appear all black it is well done but if any of the Brimstone or Peter is seen it is not incorporated enough Now I will shew you how to corn Gunpowder First prepare a sive with a bottom of thick parchment made full of round holes then moisten the powder which shall be corned with water put the same and also a little bowl into the sive when you have so done sift the powder so as the bowl rowling up and down in the sive may break the clods of powder and make it by running through the little holes to corn You may also make Gunpowder by sifting every one of the three materials by it self through a very fine sive and then moisten them with strong vineger and incorporate them together for through that moistness the powder will be made more stronger and beaten more finer then corn it as before is taught Note That if you cannot sift it through the sive beat that again into powder which will not through until it will go through also when you have sifted these materials two or three times severally then blend them well together and sift them also together when you have done this then moisten them with vineger and proceed as before Remember also That Charcole made of the lightest wood is best CHAP. 11. To make Powder of divers colours and first to make White Powder TAke of Saltpeter twelve parts of Brimstone two parts and of Camphir one part beat sift and incorporate all these things together as before you have been taught to mix other materials together after you have so done beat these things so again and so oft until you are sure they are well incorporated then mosten it with Aquavitae when you have thus done corn the powder To make Red Powder Take of Saltpeter twelve parts of Brimstone two parts and of Camphir one part beat sift and incorporate all these things together as I taught just now then beat them again until they are perfectly incorporated whereas before you moistned them with good Aquavitae now you must moisten this with Vineger sod with a good quantity of Brasil until the third part be boiled away this Vineger being red as blood will make the powder likewise so it being moistned with it and then corned as before is taught To make any other coloured Powder Boil the Vineger in such transparent colours as you would have the powder to be of as if green with a little Verdigreace if blue with blue Bice and the like always taking care That the colour be not thick but very thin otherwise it will weaken the powder that you do make CHAP. 12. To renew and make good again any sort of Gunpowder that hath lost its strength by moisture long lying or by any other means HAving moistened the said Gunpowder with Vineger or fair water beat it well in a Morter and then sift it through a sive or fine searse with every pound of Gunpowder mingle one ounce of Salt-peter that hath been mealed and when you have so done beat and moisten this mixture again until you see by breaking or cutting with a knife that there is no sign of Saltpeter or Brimstone in it Moreover corn this powder when it is incorporated with the Peter as it ought to be and you have done CHAP. 13. Another way to renew Gunpowder or rather to unmake Gunpowder to make it good in the making it again PUt so much thereof as you will refine or new make again into a linen bag and then tie a string or rather small cord about the mouth of the said bag then put it into a clean Kettle and pour so much water therein as will cover the bag this done make the water to boil till a drop of it laid upon iron or stone will congeal and while the water boileth remember to scum it if need require when it will congeal take it from the fire and set the Kettle aslope when the water is as clear as it will be pour it out into some vessel where it will congeal into Saltpeter when you have taken the Saltpeter out of the said vessel that water as remains boil again until it will by dropping a drop thereof 〈◊〉 iron congeal then put it again into the same ves●el and thus do with all such 〈◊〉 as is last after you have taken out 〈◊〉 Peter The Saltpeter and Brimstone which were within the said bag did dissolve and soke into the boiling water yea the dissolved Peter turned into water and the Brimstone sunk down to the bottom of the water where you may finde it but the Coles which were formerly compounded with the Peter and Brimstone they remain in the bag amongst the lies and dregs of the