the nose then it is to be feared that he hath some spice of the mourning of the Chyne for both diseases doe procede of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it here presentlye Of the mourning of the Chyne The .lxvi. Chapter THys word mourning of the Chyne is a corrupt name borrowed of the Frenche tongue wherein it is called Mort deschyen that is to say the death of the backe Bycause many doe holde opinion that thys disease doth consume the marye of of the backe for remedy wherof they vse straunge kinds of cures For some taking it to be a Rheume go aboute to stoppe it by laying Astrictyue or byndyng charges vnto the nape of the necke Some agayne do twyne out the pyth of the backe with a long wyar thrust vp into the horses heade and so into his necke backe with what reason I knowe not Well I knowe that few horses do recouer that haue this disease Some agayne thinke that the Lungs of the horse be rotten and that the horse doth caste them out at his nose But Martin sayth that he hath cut vp dyuers horses which hath bene iudged to haue died of the mourning of the Chyne but he coulde neuer finde eyther backe or Lungs to be peryshed but onely the Lyuer and most commonly that syde of the Lyuer whiche aunswereth the nosetrill whereat he casteth whereof we wyll talke in his proper place when we come to speake of the diseases in the Lyuer The Italians doe call this disease Ciamorro the olde Authours do cal it the moyst Maladye whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter whiche he doth cast at the nose is whyte and doth not smell at all and in the other that whiche he casteth is a filthy and stinking corruption They procede both of colde humors congealed in the heade but more abounding in the one than in the other by reason perhappes that the horse was not cured in tyme for of colde first commeth the Pose and the Cough then the Glaunders and laste of all the mourning of the Chyne When the horse casteth matter at the nose that is not stinking he maye be easely cured by such remedyes as haue bene before declared in the Chapter of the Pose But if the matter be very filthye and stinking then it is verye harde to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieue me to wryte vnto you here the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of water and hony called of the Phisitians Hedromel a quart and put therevnto thre ounces of oyle and poure that into his nosetril euery morning the space of thre dayes and if that doe not profite him then let him drinke euerye day or once in two dayes a quarte of olde wyne mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meat called of the old wryters Tetrapharmacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius sayth that of all diseases there is none more perillous nor more to be suspected than the Rhewine whiche commeth of colde for horses haue large Cunduits and are full of moysture and therfore if colde once enter it findeth matter inough to worke on to breede continuall distillation as well outwardlye at the nose as inwardly discending downe to the vital parts ▪ in such sorte as it doth suffocat the same The sygnes according to the sayde Russius be these The horse doth cast matter continually at the nose some tyme thin and sometime thicke his nosetrils eares and all his outwarde partes will be colde to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heauy and he will coughe and haue smal appitite to his meat and lesse to his drinke and sometyme he will tremble and shake His cure is in this sorte Purge his heade partly by perfuming him and partly by making him to neese in such sort as hath bene before taughte in the Chapter of the Pose whiche waies of perfuming purging the head as they be good so doth Russius praise these two here folowing to be most excellent The first is this Take of the stalkes of vitis Alba otherwyse called Brioni or wilde Uine two or three good handfull and broose them betwixt two stones and being so brosed put them into a Linnen bagge and fasten the bagge to the horses heade so as he may receyue the scent vp into his nosetrilles without touching the hearbe with his mouth and this will cause the humors to come downe abundantlye The seconde medicine Take of Euforbiū beaten into fyne powder thre ounces of the iuyce of Betes one pounde of Swines bloud halfe a pounde Boyle all these together vntill they be thorowly myngled lyquid lyke an oyntment and then take it from the fire and put thervnto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them again thorowly together and preserue the same in a boxe to vse at nedefull tymes in this sort Make two styffe long rowles or tampins of linnen cloutes or such lyke stuffe sharpe poynted lyke Suger loues which tampins are called of the Phisitians in Laten Pessi and being annoynted with the oyntment aforesayde thruste them vppe into the horses nosetrilles and let them abyde therein a prety while then pull them out you shall see such abundaunce of matter come forth at his nose as is maruellous to behold Russius also prayseth very much this medicine here folowing Take as much of the middle barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as wil fil a newe earthen pot of a meane syse putting therevnto as much cleare water as the potte wyll holde and let it boyle vntill the one halfe be consumed then to be fylled vp againe with fresh water continuing so to do thre tymes one after an other and at the last time that the one halfe is consumed take it from the fyre and strayne it thorow a lynnen cloth Then take two partes of that decoction and one part of Hogges greace or butter and being warmed agayne together gyue the horse to drinke thereof one horne full and poure an other hornefull into his nosetrill that casteth and when so euer you giue him this medicine lette the horse be empty and fasting and kepe him without meate also two or three houres after For this is a very good drinke for any sicknesse that commeth of colde Moreouer open the skinne of his foreheade and of his temples also of his tayle with a sharpe hote yron that the corrupt humors may issue outward That done Take hote Bricks or else a pan freshe burning coales and holde it nighe vnto hys bellye and flankes to the intent they may be thorowly warmed being so warmed annoynt them all ouer with oyle de Bay or Dialthea to defende his body from the colde and let his head be well couered and all his bellye kepte warme Yea and it were good to bathe his heade sometime as Russius sayth with a bathe made of Rhewe Wormewood
lay the whyte of an Egge or to washe them with the iuyce of Selidony Of dimnesse of syght and also for the Pynne and webbe or any other spot in the eye The .xxx. Chapter IF the Horse be dimme of sight or hath any pearle growing in his eie or thin fylme couering the ball of hys eye then Russius woulde haue you take of Pommis stone of Tartarum and of Sal Gemma of eche lyke wayght and being beaten into very fyne powder to blowe a lyttle of that into his eye continuing so to do euery day once or twice vntil he be whole Martin sayth that he always vsed to blow a little Sandyuoire into the eye once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it wil breake any pearle or webbe in short space and make the eye very cleare and fayre Russius amongest a number of other medicins prayseth most of all the powder of a blacke Flynte stone Of the Haw called of the Italians l'vnghia de gli occhi The .xxxi. Chapter THis is a gristle couering sometime more than the one halfe of the eye It proceedes of grosse and toughe humors discending out of the head which Haw as Martin sayth woulde be cut awaye in this sorte Fyrst pull both the eye lyddes open with two seuerall threedes stitched with a nedle to eyther of the lyddes Then catch holde of the Hawe with the stych of another nedle threde and pul it out so farre as you may stay it vpon your fynger to the intente that you may cutte it rounde the bredth of a penny and leaue the black behinde For by cutting away to much of the fatte blacke of the eye the horse many tymes becommeth bleare eyed And the Haw being clene taken away squirt a little whyte wyne or beere into his eye Of Lunatike eyes The .xxxii. Chapter VEgetius Wryteth de Oculo Lunatico but he sheweth neyther cause nor sygnes thereof but onelye sayth that the old men termed it so bycause it maketh the eye sometyme to loke as thoughe it were couered with white and sometyme cleare Martin sayth that the horse that hath this disease is blinde at certaine tymes of the Moone in so much as he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will looke yealowishe yea and somewhat reddyshe whiche disease according to Martin is to be cured in this sorte First vse the playster mentioned before in the Chapter of wateryshe or weping eies in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharpe knyfe make two slittes on both sydes of hys heade an ynche long somewhat towardes the nose a handful beneath the eyes not touching the vayne and with a cornet loosen the skinne vpwarde the bredth of a grote and thruste therein a rounde peece of Leather as brode as a twopenny peece with a hole in the middest to kepe the hole open loke to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continuallye runne the space of ten dayes then take the Leather out and heale the wounde with a little Flaxe dypte in the salue here following Take of Turpentyne of Hony of Waxe of ech like quantity and boyle them together whiche being a lyttle warmed will be lyquid to serue your purpose and take not away the playsters from the temples vntill they fall away of them selues which being fallen then with a small hote drawing yron make a Starre in the middest of eche temple vayne where the playster dyd lye Which Starre woulde haue a hole in the middest made with the button ende of your drawing yron in this sorte Of the Cancer in the eye The .xxxiii. Chapter THis commeth of a ranke and corrupt bloud discēding from the head into the eye The sygnes You shall see redde pymples some small and some greate both within and without vpon the eye lyddes and all the eye wyll loke redde and be full of corrupte matter The cure according to Martin is thus First let him bloude on that syde the necke that the eye is grieued to the quantity of a Pottell Then take of roche Alum of greene Corporas of eche halfe a pounde of whyte Corporas one ounce and boyle them in three pyntes of running water vntill the halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day washe his eye with this water being made luke warme with a fyne linnen cloth and clense the eye therewith so as it may loke rawe contynuing thus to doe euery day once vntill it be whole Of diseases incident to the eares and powle of the heade and first of an Impostume in the eare The .xxxiiii. Chapter IMpostumes breede eyther by reason of some blowe or brousing or else of euyll humors congealed in the eare by some extreme colde The sygnes be apparant by the burning painfull swelling of the eare and parts therabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the Impostume with this playster Take of Lynesede beaten into powder of wheate flower of eche halfe a pynte of Hony a pinte of Hogges greace or Barrows greace one pounde Warme all these thinges together in an earthen potte and sturre them continually with a flatte stycke or sclyce vntill they be thorowly myngled and incorporated together and then spreade some of this plaister being warme vpon a peece of linnen cloth or soft whyte Leather so broade as the swelling and no more lay it warm vnto it and so lette it remayne one whole day and then renewe it with freshe oyntment continuing so to doe vntill it breake then launce the sore so as the matter may haue passage downewarde and taynt it to the bottom with a taynt of Flaxe dipt in this oyntment Take of Metrosatū of oyle Oliue Turpentine of ech two oūces and mingle them together and make hym a Byggen of Canuas to close in the sore so as the taynte wyth the oyntement may abyde within renuing the taynt once a day vntill it be whole But if the horse haue payne in his eares without any great swelling or Impostumation then thrust in a little blacke woll dipte in oyle of Camamyll and that will heale it Of the Powle euill The .xxxv. Chapter THys is a disease lyke a Fistula growing betwixte the eares and the Powle or nape of the necke and proceedeth of euill humors gathered together in that place or else of some blowe or brouse for that is the weakest and tenderest parte of all the heade and therefore sonest offended whiche rude Carters doe little consyder whylest in their fury they beat their horses vpon that place of the head with their whipstockes and therefore no horses be more subiecte to this disease than Carte horses And this disease commeth most in Winter season The sygnes You shal perceyue it by the swelling of the place which by continuance of tyme will breake of it selfe rotting more inward than outward and therefore is more perillous if it be not cured in tyme and
be fyered wyth a hote yron Of hurtes by the Tuskes of a Boare The Clxviij Chapter IF a horse be hurt with the tuske of a Boare laye Vitriol and Corporas thervnto and the powder of a Dogges heade being burned but let the tongue be first pulled out and cast away To heale the byting or stinging of Serpents The Clxix Chapter LAurentius Russius Take a good quātity of the hearbe called Sanicula stampe it and distemper it with the milke of a Cow that is all of one colour and giue him that to drinke and that will heale him An other medicine for the same purpose MAke a playster of Onions Hony salt stampt and mingled together and lay that to the sore place and giue the horse wine Treacle to drinke Absirtus would haue you to giue him white Pepper Rhewe and Tyme to drinke with wyne Of drinking of Horse leaches The Clxx. Chapter IF a horse chaunce to drinke Horse leaches they will continually suck his bloud and kill him The remedy according to Absirtus is to poure Oyle into the horses mouth whiche will make them to fall away and kill them Of swalowing downe hennes dong The Clxxi Chapter IF a horse swallow downe hennes dong in his hay it wil fret his guttes and make him to voyde filthy matter at the fundament For remedye wherof Absirtus would haue you to giue him a drinke made of Smalladge seede wine and hony and to walke him throughly vpon it that he may empty his belly Of Lyce how to kill them The Clxxij Chapter THey be like Geese Lice but somwhat bigger they will brede moste about the eares necke and tayle and ouer all the body They come of pouerty and the horse will be alwayes rubbing and scratching and will eate his meate and not prosper withall and with rubbing he will breake all his Mayne and tayle The cure according to Martin is thus Annoynt the place with Sope and quick siluer well mingled together and to a pound of Sope put halfe an ounce of quicke siluer How to saue horses from the stinging of Flyes in Sommer The Clxxiij Chapter ANnoynt the horses coate with Oyle and Bay buryes mingled together or tye to the headestall of his collor a sponge dipt in strong Uineger or sprinkle the stable with water wherin hearbe grace hath bene layde in stepe Or perfume the stable with Iuye or with Calaminte or with Gith burned in a panne of coles Of bones being broken or out of ioynt The Clxxiiij Chapter FEwe or none of our Ferrers do intermeddle with any such griefes but doe referre it ouer vnto the bone setter whose practised hand I must nedes confesse to be nedeful in such businesse Notwithstanding for that it belongeth to the Ferrers arte and also for that the olde wryters do make some mention thereof I thought good not to passe it ouer altogether with silence Albeit they speake onely of fractures in the legges beneathe the knee For they make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee taking them to be vncurable vnlesse it be a rybbe or such lyke If any bone then be broken in the legge it is easye to perceyue by feeling the roughnesse inequality of the place grieued one part being higher then an other The cure whereof according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in this sort First put the bone againe into his right place That done wrappe it aboute with vnwasht woll binding it fast to the legge with a smoth linnen rowler soked before in oyle Uineger mingled together And let that rowler be laide on as euen as is possible and vpon that lay agayne more woll dipte in oyle and Uineger and then splent it with thre splents binding them fast at both endes with a thong let the horses leg be kepte straight and ryght out the space of .xl. dayes and let not the bondes be lousened aboue thre tymes in .xx. dayes vnlesse it shrinke so require to be newe drest and bounde againe But fayle not euery daye once to poure on the sore place throughe the splents oyle and Uineger mingled together at the .xl. dayes ende if you perceiue that the broken place be sowdered together againe with some harde knobbe or gristle Then lousen the bondes so as the Horse may goe fayre and softly vsing from that time forth to annoynt the place with some soft grease or oyntment Of bones out of ioynt The Clxxv. Chapter IF a Horses knee or shoulder be cleane out of ioynt and no bone broken Martin sayth the readyest way is to bind al the foure legges together in such sorte as haue bene taught before in the Chapter of Incording and then to hoyse the horse somewhat from the ground with his heeles vpwarde so shall the wayght and payse of his body cause the ioynt to shoote in agayne into his ryghte place for by thys meanes he pleasured not long synce a friende and neyghbour of his who goyng with his Carte from Saint Albons towards his house his Thyller fell and putte his shoulder cleane out of ioynt so as he was neither able to ryse nor being holpen vp could stande on his legges To which mischaunce Martin being called made no more a doe but taking hys frendes Carte rope bounde the horses legges all foure together and with a leauer thruste betwixte his legges and body and the one end of the leauer being stayed vppon the Carte whele they puttyng their shoulders to the other end hoysed vp the horse cleane from the grounde the payse of whose bodye made the bone to returne into his ryght place with such a loud knack as it mought be harde a greate way of and the Horse immediatelye had the vse of of his legge so as he drewe in the Carte and went safe home without complayning therof euer after Certayne receytes of playsters very good for broken bones taken out of the olde Authours wryting of horse leache crafte The Clxxvi Chapter TAke of Spuma argenti of Uineger of eche one pound of Sallet oyle halfe a pound of Amoniacum and of Turpentine of eche three ounces of waxe of Rosen of ech two ounces of Bitumen of Pitch and of Uerdygrease of eche halfe a pound Boyle the vineger oyle and Spuma argenti together vntill it wax thicke then put therevnto the pytche which being molten take the pot from the fyre and put in the Bitumen without sturring it at all and that being also molten put in then all the rest set the potte againe to the fyre and let them boyle all together vntil they be al vnited in one That done straine it and make it in playster forme and this is called Hierocles playster A nother receyte for broken bones The Clxxvij Chapter TAke of liquid Pitch one pound of wax two ounces of the purest and fineh part of Frankencense one ounce of Amoniacum foure ounces of dry Rosen of Galuanum of eche one ounce of Uineger two pyntes Boyle first the Uineger and pitch together then put in
more harme than good in that the horse by meanes thereof can not treade euenly vpon the ground wherby he many tymes wryncheth his foote or strayneth some synew and specially when he trauelleth in stonye places and on the mountaynes whereas the hardnesse of the stones perhaps not suffering the Calkins to catch sure holde the foote slippeth with the more violent stresse and so taketh harme and specially the heele if it be weake And therefore to trauell on the Moūtaynes he prayseth much the Turkye maner of shooing which for that purpose make their horses shoes with the heeles turned vpward in such sorte as you see the plaunche made setting them on with nayles hauing heades lyke little buttons but not standing so highe aboue the shoe as our froste nayles commonlye doe whereby the Horse treadeth euenlye and surely so shall he not doe hauing Calkins which besydes the discommodityes before alleaged be very daungerous at any tyme that you would manage your horse For by crossing in his turning one foote perhappes maye hurt an other with the Calkin so as it may make the horse to halte yea perhaps lame him for euer ▪ And besydes that the Calkins being high behind the houe can not be pared so much before at the toe as it ought to be whereby the horse treadeth lower on his heeles than he should doe being well pared and shod without Calkins so becommeth weake heeled Notwithstanding some neuer thinke their horses to be well shod vnlesse all the shoes be made with Calkins eyther syngle or double Yet of two euils double is the lesse For the Horse shall treade euener with double than with single Calkins But then such Calkins would not be ouer lōg or sharpe poynted but rather shorte and flatte as hath bene before taught and is expressed in the fygure of hinder shoes hereafter folowing which as I sayde before Cesar Fiaschi calleth Ramponi alla Ragonesa Thus much of shoes with Calkins Of shoes with Ryngs The .xxviij. Chapter SHoes with Rings were first inuented to make a horse lifte his feete highe but Cesar Fiaschi sayth that suche shoes be more paynefull than helpefull to the horse and in wearing such shoes he lifteth more for payne and griefe and speciallye being trotted vppon a harde ground than for anye pleasure or good that they doe him which thing is incident to many horses that haue not sound Houes For though they be wel shodde and haue no rings at all yet being trotted vpon a harde ground they will lift higher than vpon a soft ground for hauing tender houes they be afeard to touch the hard groūd euen like a man that hath some griefe in the sole of his foote which will rather twitch vp his leg than offend the sore place by settyng it to the groūd And if that man should also weare a strait shoe it would grieue him the worse Euē so it fareth with the horse which perhaps hauing naturally tēder heles some for lacke of discretion doe adde therevnto also hye Calkins or else rings and therby cause him to haue weaker heeles than he had before Wherefore leauing aside such vnprofitable deuises I would wish you make all your shoes specially your foreshoes with sponges in suche order as hath bene before taught And as for making the Horse to lifte his feete that is to be holpen chiefly by the Art and skill of the Ryder And whylest the horse is in scooling I thinke it were not amisse to let him weare continually verye heauy shoes to the intent that being afterward shod with lighter shoes when he should be maneged to the shoawe or otherwyse trauelled he maye feele his feete to be lighter and thereby he shall lift the higher and moue his legs and shoulders with the more pleasure and better grace Of shoes with swelling welts or borders about The .xxix. Chapter IN Germany and highe Almany the Smythes do make their shoes with a swelling wealt round about the shoe which being as hye as the heades of the nayles or rather higher do saue the nayles frō wearing which kinde of shoe for lasting I must nedes prayse For I my selfe haue trauelled my horse being shodde with those shoes in those Countreys aboue fyue hundreth myles ryght out vpon verye stony ground yea and vpon the mountaines without remouing shoe or dryuing nayle For the shoe being made of wel tempered stuffe weareth equallye in all parts and the horse also treadeth euenlye vpon them and specially his feete being before well pared Cesar Fiaschi prayseth also this shoe very much to be vsed when a horse should runne for a wager to kepe him from slyding But then he would haue the welt to be indēted ▪ hauing sharpe poynted teeth lyke a Sawe and that the sponges behinde be as thicke as the welt And that the welt be of a tough harde temper for feare of wearing ouer fast And if you list to hollow the sayde shoe in the midst yet let not the imbossed syde ryse so hyghe as the welt but lye somewhat lower With these kinde of shoes they vse in Italy to shoe such Barbary horses Iennets and Turkes as are appointed to runne for the best game at some publique triumph or for any other priuate wager And therefore syth this kinde of shoe is so good to kepe a horse from slyding Cesar Fiaschi thinks it best to be vsed to that ende vtterlye disalowing both Calkins frost nayles crests spurres and all suche lyke deuyses as are often vsed by the ignoraunt sorte to kepe their horses from slyding not considering the great discommoditye and hurt that may redound therof to the horse by meanes that he can not treade euen vpon the ground Or in stede of this shoe they may vse the Turkye shoe and button nayles before mentioned and that shal kepe their horses from slyding better than any of the other deuyses and wyth lesse harme to the horse Of shoes with turning vices and also of ioynt shoes The .xxx. Chapter SOme that vse to passe the moūtaynes where smythes are not redely to be founde to shoe a horse if nede be doe carry aboute with them certayne shoes made with vyces wherewith they make the shoe fast to the horses foote without helpe of hammer or nayle the shape wherof is hereafter expressed Notwithstāding such shoes are more for the show than for any good vse or commodity For though it saue the horses foote from stones yet it so pincheth hys houe as he goeth with paine and perhaps doth his houe more hurte than the stones would doe And therefore it were better in suche nedefull tymes to vse the ioint shoe which is made of two pieces with a flatte ryuet nayle ioyning them together in the toe so as you may make it both wyde and narrow as you will your selfe to serue any foote but this shoe must be set on with nayles and therefore it is nedeful that the ryder learn to driue a nayle if nede be whereof he must haue alwayes store about hym together with Hammer Pynsons Butter handsomelye made and mete for caryage without the which the horsemen of Almany do neuer trauayle neither is ther any gentlemā that loueth his horse but can vse those instruments for that purpose as well as any Smith Cesar Fiaschi calleth these kinds of shoes Disferre praysing them very much to be vsed to such purpose as is before sayd and so doth Martin And therfore I thought good to set out the shape therof amongst the rest of the fygures of shoes Of the Paten shoe The .xxxi. Chapter BYcause euery Smyth knoweth the vse of this shoe and howe to make it I shal not neede to vse many words but onely shew you that it is a necessary shoe for a horse that is hurt in the hip or stiffle to be put on vpon the contrarye foote to the intent that the sore legge may hang and not touch the ground How to kepe the houes of a horse moyst in the stable The .xxxij. Chapter AS horses houes doe many tymes take harme through the neglygence or vnskilfulnesse of the Ferrer in euill paring or shoing the same euen so they take no lesse harme many tymes through the negligence of the keper for lacke of stopping and keping the forefeete moyst for the hinder feete most commonly are kept to moyst by meanes that the dong and stale is suffered to lye continually at their heeles But the forefeete stande continually drye whereby the horse becommeth brittle houed yea and many tymes houebounde which a good keper will not suffer but be mindefull to stoppe them often eyther with horse dong or Cow dong yea also to washe them cleane without with water and then to annoynt them with some good suppling oyntment as this here following prescribed by Martin which wil not onely supple the houes and make them tough but also cause them to shyne and glistre whiche is counted a beautifull thing amongst the Spanyards Italians and such as loue to haue their horses finelye kept The receyte of the oyntment The .xxxiij. Chapter TAke of Turpentyne of sheepes suet of ech halfe a pound of vnwrought waxe halfe a quarterne and of Sallet oyle halfe a pynt Boyle al these things together in a pot sturring them continually vntyll they be throughly mingled together Then take it from the fyre and let it coole and being colde preserue it in the same potte or else in some other to the intent that you may haue it ready euery seconde day to annoynt all the coffins of the horses Houes round about but first wash their houes fayre and cleane and suffer no durt to remaine vppon them then being dryed with a cloth annoint them Thus endeth the treatise of Paring and shooing all maner of Houes Dyuers shapes of Shoes Imprinted at London by Wylliam Seres dwelling at the Weast ende of Poules at the sygne of the Hedgehogge and are to be solde at his shoppe Broade Houes Brittle rugged houes Long houes ▪ Crooked Houes Flatte houes Ouer holow houes Broade frushes Narowe heeles
be to fat euery place of their bodyes will be so fylled as the foles within their bellyes cannot haue roume sufficient to growe and to prosper by meanes whereof eyther the foles shall be but little ones or elles the Mares theim selues shall be in greate daunger at the tyme of their folynge by reason that their cundittes be ouermuch strayghtned with fatte And therefore the Scythians which is a people of the North vsed as Aristotle wryteth moderately to iourney and to trauel their Mares after they were quickened to the intente that they myght haue the easier folynge For truely moderate labour and exercise at that tyme muste nedes do theym muche good But to trauell them imediately vppon conception or when they be verye great and redy to fole is daungerous For the fruite of the wōbe in all beastes maybe well compared to the fruyte of the Apple tree which at the first blossominge and also when it is through rype and mellow wyll be blowen downe with euery lyght wind but in the middle time betwixt both it cleueth so fast vnto the braunches of the tree as it wil scant be throwen downe with coudgelles ¶ How to helpe a Mare that is in daunger at the tyme of her folyng And how you shall cause her to expell her secundyne or cleane Cap. xi BUt if it so happen that a mare by any myschaunce be in daunger at the tyme of her folynge then it is neadefull to helpe her causynge one to holde her nostrilles in a gentle maner close in his hande and so to stoppe her breath and it shal make her to fole with more ease and also the soner which is not very paynefull for any man to do for somuch as the Mare foleth standing whereby he shall not nede greatelye to stoupe Agayne if the secundine which is the skynne wherin the fole is wrapped doth not come all out naturally of the owne accorde then vse this remedy Take a good handfull or twoo of Fenell and boyle it in water then take halfe a pynte of that and another halfe pynte of olde wyne and put therunto a fourth part of oyle and mingle them altogether ouer the fyre and beinge but luke warme poure it into the mares nostrilles and holde her nostrilles close with your hand to kepe it in a prety while after And that shall forse the secundine to come foorth whiche for the most parte both she and all other beastes do immedyately eate and swallowe vp agayne into their bellyes Which thinge the plaine folkes of the countrey if they can preuent it will not suffer their milche kine to doe in their time of cauluing saying that it will make them sicke and vnlustye And trulye I beleue it doth the mares no great good Some Authours wryte that when the mare doth eate vppe her secundyne or cleane for so the playne folkes tearme it she snappeth awaye also with her teeth a certeyne peace of fleshe growing lyke a fygge vpon the foles foreheade called of the Grekes and Latins Hippomanes Of the vertue whereof in matters of loue many monsterous tales by many learned Authours are recyted Wherof I think it not good to make the vnlearned partners And therefore I leaue to speake of it any further ¶ Howe to make a Mare to caste her fole that is not worthy to be bredde or for some other nedefull cause cap. xii YF a fayre mare in olde time had ben couered with a foule Royle or had ben wyth fole out of seasō or at such time perhaps as she must ronne for some greate wager then they would vse meanes to make her caste her fole before her time that was done eyther by force of hande or by medecine For if the fole were so farre growen that it had heare thei would cause one to thrust hys hande into the Mares wombe and to take the fole by the hedde and to crushe it in peces And if it had no heare then they would destroy it with medecines not nedefull here to be written Notwithstanding in myne opinion the surest waye if greater cause do not otherwise requyre were to tary till she hath foled of her owne kinde and then to kyll the fole ¶ How Mares should be vsed after they haue foled Also how long the foles shoulde sucke and how they ought to be vsed during their foleage also howe to harden their houes Cap. xiii IT is nedeful immediatly after the mares haue foled or rather a seuennight or a fortenight before they be redy to fole to put them into the warmest swetest and rankest pasture that you haue to the intent they lyinge warme and drye and faringe well maye haue plentye of milke to feede their foles For nothing doth hinder the growth of the foles more then cold and penury Moreouer Anatolius saith that it is very necessarye about two or three monethes after their folinge to chase them about the grounde to and fro or otherwise to exercise them with some moderate labour to make their milke come downe into their dugges And to thintent that the foles maye be fayre and fatte al the writers with one consent would haue them to sucke .ii. yeares and speciallye if they be horse foles yea some would haue them to sucke til thei offer to couer their dammes and lesse then one yere though they be Mare foles none that euer I coulde heare or reade of doth allowe And yet here in Englande they will scant suffer them to sucke .vi. monethes but wyl weane them before they be full halfe a yeare olde whiche truly I cannot commend for though many of them do proue to be great of bone and tall of stature yet the pyth within is not firme nor sounde neyther can they be so stronge so healthful or lyue so longe as those most commonlye do which sucke a longe tyme. For that sweete and moste naturall moysture and nutryment wherof they be depriued in their youth will neuer be gotten agayne so long as they liue Wherfore I wysh those that seeke to haue stronge and healthful Coltes to let them sucke one yeare at the least In olde tyme as it appeareth by Varro and Columella they vsed for warmeth sake to house bothe Mares and foles vntill their foles were ten dayes old and then to putte theim furth into the pasture Also when the foles were fyue Monethes old they vsed now and then to bring them into the house and there would geue them ground barley mingled with wheat branne and suche other softe kynde of foode And beinge a yeare olde they wold geue them firmer prouander as dried Barley and Branne contynuing so to do vntill they were .ii. yeres olde All which tyme the coltes also sucked and chiefly they did this to make them domestical and familiar and partly to make them fat and lustye and partlye agayne to acquaynt them with all kinde of meates but therewith they would touch them or handle them so litle as was possible for feare of hindering their groweth And among the
teeth shorter running alongst them euen from the first vnto the laste turning the hollow syde of your toole towards the teeth so shal not the toole cut the insides of his cheekes the backe or rounde syde being turned towarde the foresayde cheekes and that done washe all his mouth with Uineger and salte and let him goe Why the diseases in the necke wythers and backe be declared here before the diseases in the throte The .xlvii. Chapter HAuing hytherto spoken of the diseases incident to a horses heade and to all the partes therof Naturall order requireth that we should now discend into the throte as a parte next adiacent to the mouth But for so much as the diseases in the throte haue not onely affinity with the heade but also with the Lunges and other inwarde partes whiche are many tymes grieued by meanes of distillation comming from the head and through the throte I will first speake of the diseases incident to the necke wythers and backe of a horse to the intent that when I come to talke of diseases as Rheumes and distillations doe cause I may discourse of them orderlye without interruption Of the Crycke in the necke The .xlviii. Chapter BYcause a Crycke is no other thing but a kinde of Convulsion and for that we haue spoken sufficientlye before of all the kindes thereof in the Chapter of Convulsion I purpose not here therfore to trouble you with many wordes But onely shew you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The Crycke then called of the Italians Scima or Lucerdo according to Russius yea and according to Martin is when the horse can not tourne his necke anye maner of way but holde it still right forth in so muche as he can not take his meate from the grounde but by tymes and that very slowlye Russius sayth it commeth by meanes of some great wayght layd on the horses shoulders or else by ouer much drying vp of the Synewes in the necke The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Drawe him with a hote iron from the roote of the eare on both sydes of the necke through the middest of the same euen downe to the breast a strawe depe so as both endes may meete vpon the breast Then make a hole in his forheade hard vnder the foretoppe and thruste in a cornette vpwarde betwixt the skinne and the fleshe a handfull deepe then put in a goose feather doubled in the midest and annoynted with Hogs greace to kepe the hole open to the intent the matter may runne out the space of ten dayes But euery day during that tyme the hole muste be clensed once and the Feather also clensed and freshe annoynted and so put in agayne And once a day let him stande vppon the bitte one houre or two or be ridden two or thre Myles abrode by such a one as will beare his heade and make him to bring it in But if the Crycke be such as the horse can not hold his necke strayght but clene awry as I haue sene dyuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the horse be drawen with a hote Iron on both sydes of the necke but onely on the contrary syde As for example if he bende his heade toward the right syde then to drawe him as is aforesayde onely on the left syde and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue sayde and if nede be you may splent hym also with handesome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand ryght Of Wennes in the necke The .xlix. Chapter A Wen is a certayne kyrnell like tumor or swelling the insyde whereof is harde lyke a grystell and spongious lyke a skinne full of Wrettes Of Wens some be great some be small Againe some be very paynefull and some not paynefull at all The Phisitians say that they procede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius sayth that they chaunce to a horse by taking colde or by drinking of waters that be extreme colde The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Mallowes Sage and redde Netels of eche one handfull boyle them in running water and put thervnto a little butter and hony and when the hearbes be soft take them out and all to brouse them and put thervnto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogges greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done playster it vpon a pece of Leather so bygge as the Wen and lay it to so hote as the horse may indure it renuing it euery day in such sort the space of eyght dayes and if you perceyue that it will come to no heade then launce it from the middest of the Wen downewarde so depe as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and lette out that done heale it vp with this salue Take of Turpentyne a quarterne and washe it nine tymes in fayre newe water then put therevnto the yolke of an Egge and a little Englishe Saffron beaten in powder and make a taynt or rowle of Flax and dippe it in that oyntment and lay it vnto the sore renuing the same euerye day once vntill it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloud letting The .l. Chapter THis may come of the Flegme being rustye and so causing the vayne to rancle or else by meanes of some colde winde striking sodenlye into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoynt it with oyle of Camomill warmed and then lay vpon it a lyttle hay wet in colde water and binde it about with a cloth renuing it euery day the space of fiue or syx dayes to see whether it will grow to a heade or else vanishe away If it growe to a heade then giue it a slytte wyth a Launcet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by taynting it with Flaxe dypt in Turpentine and Hogs greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntill it be whole Howe to staunch bloude The .li. Chapter IF a horse be lette bloude when the sygne is in the necke the vayne perhaps will not leaue bleeding so sone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chaunce then Russius sayth it is good to binde therevnto a little newe horsedong tempred with chaulke and strong Uineger and not to remoue it from thence the space of three dayes or else to lay thervnto burnt Sylke Felt or Cloth for all such thinges will staunch bloud Of the falling of the Crest The .lii. Chapter THis commeth for the most part of pouertye and specially when a fatte horse falleth away sodenlye The cure according to Martin is thus Drawe his Creast the depenesse of a strawe on the contrary syde with a hote yron the edge of whiche yron would be halfe an ynch brode and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vpon the edge of the mayne euen vnderneath the
rotes of the same bearing your hande righte downewarde into the neckewarde then aunswere that with an other draught beneath so farre dystante from the first as the fall is brode compassing as it were all the fall but styll on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughtes right in the middest draw a thirde draught then with a button yron of an ynche about burne at eche ende a hole and also in the spaces betwixt the draughtes make dyuers holes distant thre fingers brode one from an other as this figure doth shew you that done to slake the fire annoynt it euerye day once for the space of nine dayes with a Feather dipt in fresh butter molten Then take of Mallowes and of Sage of eche one handful boyle them wel in running water and washe the burning away vntill it be rawe fleshe Then dry it vp with this powder Take of Hony halfe a pynte so muche slect Lyme as will make that hony thycke lyke paast Then holde it in a fyre pan ouer the fyre vntyll it be baken so harde as it may be made in powder sprincle that vpon the sore places Of the maunginesse in the Mayne The .liii. Chapter THe Maungynesse procedes of rancknesse of bloude or of pouertye of lowsynesse or else of rubbing where a Maungy horse hath rubbed and of filthy dust lying in the Mayne for lacke of good dressing The sygnes be aparaunt by the ytching and rubbing of the horse and the scabbes fretting both flesh and skinne The cure according to Martin is thus Take of fresh greace one pounde of Quicksyluer halfe an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of Rape Oyle halfe a pynte mingle them togyther and sturre them continually in a pot wyth a sclyce vntill the Quicksyluer be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceyue no Quicksyluer therin That done take a blunt knyfe or an olde horse-combe and scratch all the maungy places therwith vntill it be rawe and bloudy and then annoynt it with this oyntment in the sunne shine if it may be to the intente the oyntment maye sinke in or else holde before it a fyre pan or some brode barre of Iron made hote to make the oyntment to melte into the flesh And if you se that within the space of thre dayes after with this once annointing he leaue not rubbing then mark in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place agayne and you shall see it heale quicklye Of the falling of the haire of the Mayne The .liiii. Chapter IT falleth for the most part bycause it is eaten with little wormes fretting the rootes in sunder whiche according to Martin you shall remedye in this sorte Annoynt the mayne and creast with Sope then make strong Lye washe all the mayne and creast withall and that will kill the wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefes in the Wythers The .lv. Chapter TO a horses Wythers and backe doe chaunce manye griefes and sorances whiche as Russius sayth doe sometyme procede of inwarde causes as of the corruption of humors and somtime of outward causes as through the galling and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heauy burthen layd on the horses back or such like And of such griefes some be but superficiall blisters swellinges lyghte galles or brousinges and be easelye cured Some againe doe pearce to the verye bone and be daungerous and specially if they be nigh the backe bone let vs first then shewe you the cure of the smaller griefes and then of the greater Of Blystringes or small swellinges in the wythers or backe and of gallings The .lvi. Chapter WHen so euer you se any swelling ryse then Martin woulde haue you to bind a little hote horse dong vnto it and that will asswage it If not then to prycke it rounde about the swelling eyther with a fleame or else with a sharpe poynted knife not to deepe but so as it may pearce the skinne and make the bloud to issue forth That done Take of Mallowes or else of Smallage two or thre handfull and boyle them in running water vntill they be so soft as pappe Then strayne the water softlye from it and brose the hearbes in a Treane dishe putting thervnto a lyttle Hogs greace or else Salet oyle or shepes Sewet or any other fresh greace boyle them and stur them together not frying them harde but so as it may be softe and souple and then with a clout lay it warme vpon the sore renuing it euery day once vntill the swelling be gone For this will eyther dryue it away or else bring it to a head which lyghtly chaunceth not vnlesse there be some gristle or bone perished Russius biddeth you so sone as you see any swelling rise to shaue the place with a Rasor and to lay therevnto this playster Take a little wheate floure and the whyte of an Egge beaten together and spread it on a Linnen cloute whiche being layd vnto the swelling two or three dayes and not remoued wyll bryng it to a heade and when you come to take it of pul it away so softly as you can possibly and where as you se the corruption gathered together then in the lowest place thereof pearce it vpwarde with a sharp yron somewhat hote that the corruption may come out and annoynt the sore place euery day once with freshe butter or Hogges greace But if the skinne be only chaufed of without any swelling then washe the place with water and salte or else wyth warme wyne and sprincle this powder theron Take of vnsleyet Lyme â–ª a quantitye beaten in to fyne powder and mingle it with hony vntill it be so thick as Paast and make rolles or balles therof and bake them in a fyre panne ouer the fyre vntill they be so hard as they may be brought to powder for this is a very good powder to dry vp any galling or sore The powder of Mirre or burnt Silk Felt or cloth or of any olde post is also good for suche purposes but when so euer you vse this powder of Lyme and Hony let the place he first washed as is aforesaid Of greate swellinges and inflamations in a horses Wythers The .lvii. Chapter IF the swelling be very greate then the cure according to Martin is thus First draw rounde about the swelling with a hote yron and then crosse hym him with the same yron in this maner then take a rounde hote yron hauing a sharpe poynte and thrust it into the swelling place on ech side vpwarde toward the poynt of the Wythers to the intente that the matter may issue downewarde at both the holes That done taynt both the holes firste with a taint dipt in Hogges greace to kyll the fyre and also annoynt all the other burnt places therewith continuing so to doe vntill the swelling be aswaged renuing the taints euery day once vntill the fiery matter be fallen away and then taint him againe with washed Turpentyne mingled with yolkes of Egges and Saffron in such maner as
pastornes and there tye the cloute fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and gyue him in winter wet hay and in sōmer grasse Of the drie Spauen The Cxxvi. Chapter THe drye spauen called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great harde knobbe as bygge as a Walnut growing in the insyde of the hough harde vnder the ioynte nighe vnto the mayster vayne and causeth the horse to halte which sorance commeth sometime by kinde bicause the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation somtime by extreme labor heat dissoluing humors which do discend through the master vaine continually feding that place with euil nutrimēt causeth that place to swell Which swelling in cōtinuance of time becōmeth so hard as a bone and therfore is called of some the bone Spauē It nedeth no signes to know it bicause it is apparant to the eye most Ferrers do take it to be incurable Notwithstāding Martin sayth that it may be made lesse with these remedies here following Wash it with warm water and shaue of the haire so far as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may blede Then take of Cantharides one dosen and of Euforbium halfe a sponefull breake them in pouder and boyle them together wyth a little oyle de Bay and wyth two or three feathers bounde together put it boyling hote vpon the sore and let his taile be tide vp for wyping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after sette him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe all that nyghte for feare of rubbing of the medicine and the nexte day annoynt it wyth fresh butter continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of fyue or syx dayes and when the haire is growen agayne drawe the sore place with a hote yron in this sort Then take another hote sharpe yron like a bodkyn somewhat bowing at the poynt thrust yt in at the neather ende of the middle line and so vpwarde betwixte the skinne and the fleshe an ynch and a halfe And then taynte it wyth a little Turpentine and hogs grease molten togither and made warme renuing it euery day once the space of nine dayes But remember fyrst immediatly after his burning to take vp the mayster vayne suffring him to bleede a little from aboue and tye vp the vpper ende of the vaine and leaue the neather ende open to the intent that he may bleede frō beneath vntill it ceasse of it selfe and that shall diminish the Spauen or else nothing wyll do it Of the wette Spauen or through Spauen The Cxxvij Chapter THis is a softe swelling growing on both sydes of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may be well called a throughe Spauen But for the most part the swelling on the in side bicause it is cōtinually fed of the maister vaine is greater than the swelling on the outsyde The Italians call this sorance La ierda or gierdone which semeth to come of a more fluxible humour not so viscouse or slimy as the other Spauen doth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doth and this is more curable than the other It neede no sygnes bycause it is apparant to the eye and easy to knowe by the discription therof before made The cure according to Martin is thus Firste wash shaue and scarifie the place as before Thē take of Cantharides halfe an ounce of Euforbium one ounce broken to pouder and of oyle de Bay one ounce Myngle them well together colde wythout boyling them and dresse the sore therewyth two dayes together and euery day after vntil the haire be growen agayne annoynt it wyth freshe butter Then fire him both without and within as before wythout taynting him and immediately take vp the master vayne as before And then for the space of nine dayes annoynte him euery day once wyth butter vntill the fyered place beginne to skale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handfull as much of redde nettels boyle them in water vntill they be softe and put thervnto a little fresh butter and bath the place euery day once for the space of three or foure dayes and vntil the burning be whole let the horse come in no wette Of the Selander The Cxxviij Chapter THis is a kinde of Scabbe breeding in the ham which is the bente of the hough and is lyke in all poyntes to the Malandre proceeding of lyke causes and requireth like cure and therefore resorte to the Chapter of the Malander Of the Hough bonny The Cxxix Chapter THis is a round swelling bonny like a Paris ball growing vpon the very typpe or elbowe of the Hough therefore I thought good to cal it the Hough bonny This sorance commeth of some strype or bruse and as Martin sayth is cured thus Take a rounde yron somewhat sharpe at the ende like a good bygge bodkyn and let it be somewhat bending at the poynt Then holding the sore wyth your left hande pulling it somewhat frō the synnewes pearce it with the yron being fyrste made red hote thrusting it beneath in the bottom and so vpward into the ielly to the intent that the same ielly may issue downewarde out at the hole and hauing thrust out all the ielly taynte the hole wyth a taynt of flax dypt in Turpentine hogges grease molten together and also annoynt the outsyde wyth hogs grease made warme renuing it euery day once vntyll the hole be ready to shutte vp making the taint euery day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heale vp Of the Curbe The Cxxx. Chapter THis is a long swelling beneath the elbow of the hough in the great synewe behinde causeth the horse to halte after that he hath bene a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the synew is strayned the greater griefe which agayne by rest is eased This cōmeth by bearing some great wayght whē the horse is yong or else by some straine or wrinch wherby the tender synewes are grieued or rather bowed as Russius sayth whereof it is called in Italian Curba a Curuando that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swel and such swelling is apparant to the eye and maketh that leg to shewe bygger than the other The cure according to Martin is thus Take of wine lees a pinte and a porringer ful of wheate flowre of Comin half an oūce and stir them well together being made warme charge the sore place therewith renuing it euery day once the space of three or foure dayes and whē the swelling is almoste gone then drawe it with a hote yron in this sort and couer the burning wyth Pytch Rosen molten together and layde on good warme and clappe thereon some flocks of his owne colour or so