the_o art_n of_o grave_a and_o etch_v wherein_o be_v express_v the_o true_a way_n of_o grave_v in_o copper_n also_o the_o manner_n &_o method_n of_o that_o famous_a callot_n &_o mr_n bosse_n in_o their_o several_a way_n of_o etch_v publish_a by_o will_n m_o faithorne_n and_o sell_v at_o his_o shop_n next_o to_o ye._n sign_n of_o the_o drake_n without_o temple_n barr._n 1662._o to_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n robert_n peake_n knight_n sir_n the_o honour_n of_o have_v serve_v his_o late_a majesty_n under_o your_o conduct_n in_o the_o garrison_n of_o basin_n have_v give_v i_o some_o reputation_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o happiness_n of_o have_v serve_v yourself_o before_o the_o war_n have_v give_v i_o a_o condition_n of_o live_v in_o it_o in_o both_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o your_o command_n you_o change_v the_o steel_n of_o my_o tool_n into_o weapon_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o my_o art_n into_o arm_n when_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n challenge_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o subjest_n you_o then_o prompt_v i_o unto_o loyalty_n that_o service_n unhappy_o end_v you_o re-advised_n a_o return_n to_o my_o employment_n the_o whole_a course_n of_o my_o life_n have_v thus_o in_o some_o measure_n be_v a_o observance_n of_o your_o direction_n to_o who_o shall_v i_o dedicate_v the_o issue_n of_o my_o labour_n in_o it_o but_o to_o you_o and_o have_v now_o to_o present_v my_o country_n with_o something_o of_o use_n profit_n and_o delight_n take_v occasion_n by_o these_o to_o speak_v my_o gratitude_n and_o preserve_v to_o myself_o the_o honour_n of_o continue_v what_o i_o have_v be_v sir_n your_o humble_a and_o devote_a servant_n william_n faithorne_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o this_o art_n i_o have_v have_v the_o thought_n ofttimes_o to_o publish_v this_o ensue_a treatise_n of_o grave_v and_o etch_v because_o it_o have_v arrive_v to_o such_o a_o height_n in_o these_o our_o latter_a time_n as_o it_o become_v a_o fit_a subject_n for_o our_o kingdom_n knowledge_n and_o practice_n we_o need_v no_o other_o witness_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n than_o the_o work_n of_o those_o famous_a master_n the_o saddler_n goltzius_n blëumärt_n mellan_n natalis_n pontius_n poilly_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o for_o etch_v we_o be_v oblige_v to_o that_o renown_a callot_n and_o his_o disciple_n bosse_n who_o have_v not_o only_o practise_v but_o also_o have_v be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o discover_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n this_o art_n unto_o his_o country_n man_n i_o have_v use_v he_o as_o a_o author_n in_o this_o work_n yet_o i_o have_v not_o trace_v he_o so_o close_o as_o to_o make_v it_o a_o mere_a translation_n but_o add_v something_o make_v use_n of_o what_o i_o think_v necessary_a so_o as_o i_o hope_v i_o be_o neither_o so_o tedious_a as_o to_o be_v troublesome_a nor_o so_o short_a as_o to_o be_v obscure_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o commendation_n of_o this_o art_n but_o to_o those_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o detract_v from_o it_o give_v i_o leave_v only_o to_o say_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o result_n of_o air_n the_o symmetry_n of_o part_n the_o exact_a harmony_n of_o proportion_n of_o light_n and_o shadow_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o the_o height_n in_o grave_v therefore_o i_o recommend_v it_o to_o public_a view_n hope_v of_o its_o fair_a reception_n by_o all_o lover_n of_o art_n which_o be_v the_o utmost_a aim_n and_o expectation_n of_o w._n f._n to_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n faithorne_n on_o his_o book_n shall_v i_o attempt_v a_o elegy_n or_o frame_v a_o paper_n structure_n to_o secure_v thy_o name_n the_o lightning_n of_o one_o censure_n one_o stern_a frown_n may_v quick_o hazard_v that_o and_o thy_o renown_n but_o this_o thy_o book_n prevent_v my_o slender_a pain_n one_o line_n speak_v purely_o thou_o than_o my_o best_a strain_n those_o mystery_n once_o like_o the_o spiteful_a mould_n that_o bar_v the_o greedy_a spaniard_n from_o his_o gold_n thy_o ingenuity_n reveal_v and_o so_o by_o make_v plain_a thou_o do_v illustrious_a grow_v that_o hand_n who_o curious_a art_n protract_v the_o date_n of_o frail_a mortality_n and_o baffle_v fate_n with_o brass_n and_o steel_n can_v sure_o potent_a be_v to_o rear_v a_o stately_a monument_n for_o thou_o for_o my_o part_n i_o prefer_v to_o guard_v the_o dead_a a_o copper_n plate_n before_o a_o sheet_n of_o lead_n so_o long_o as_o brass_n so_o long_o as_o book_n endure_v so_o long_o as_o neat-wrought_a piece_n thou_o be_v secure_a a_o faithorne_n sculpsit_fw-la be_v a_o charm_n can_v save_v from_o dull_a oblivion_n and_o a_o gape_a grave_n t._n flatman_n a_o index_n direct_v to_o the_o several_a section_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n how_o to_o make_v the_o hard_a varnish_n for_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la page_n 1._o how_o to_o make_v the_o composition_n or_o mixture_n of_o grease_n and_o oil_n to_o cover_v those_o place_n in_o your_o plate_n where_o you_o will_v not_o have_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o eat_v in_o p._n 2._o how_o to_o prepare_v the_o ingredient_n for_o make_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la for_o the_o hard_a varnish_n p._n 3._o how_o to_o make_v this_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la p._n 3._o how_o to_o know_v good_a copper_n from_o bad_a p._n 4._o how_o to_o planish_v and_o polish_v your_o plate_n p._n 4._o how_o to_o apply_v your_o hard_a varnish_n on_o the_o plate_n and_o make_v it_o black_a p._n 7._o how_o to_o dry_a or_o harden_v the_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n p._n 9_o how_o to_o choose_v your_o needle_n wherewith_o to_o make_v your_o tool_n to_o etch_v with_o p._n 10._o how_o to_o whet_v the_o point_n of_o your_o needle_n p._n 10._o to_o preserve_v the_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n p._n 11._o how_o to_o etch._n p._n 11._o how_o to_o guide_v your_o needle_n upon_o the_o plate_n p._n 12._o how_o to_o use_v the_o oval_a point_n to_o make_v large_a stroke_n in_o etch_v or_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la p._n 14._o how_o to_o prepare_v your_o plate_n to_o receive_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la p._n 16._o how_o to_o make_v the_o trough_n and_o frame_n to_o hold_v the_o plate_n when_o you_o will_v pour_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la on_o it_o p._n 18._o the_o manner_n of_o cast_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la upon_o the_o plate_n as_o also_o how_o to_o cover_v the_o place_n that_o be_v faint_v and_o most_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n with_o the_o forementioned_a mixture_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v p._n 19_o how_o to_o take_v the_o ground_n or_o the_o varnish_n off_o the_o plate_n after_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la have_v do_v its_o operation_n p._n 25._o of_o soft_a varnish_n how_o to_o make_v it_o &_o the_o use_v it_o be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o p._n 27_o the_o manner_n of_o lay_v your_o soft_a ground_n or_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n p._n 28._o how_o to_o border_v your_o plate_n that_o it_o may_v contain_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la p._n 32._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a ground_n upon_o the_o hard_a or_o soft_a varnish_n p._n 35._o another_o way_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a upon_o the_o varnish_n p._n 38._o here_o follow_v the_o manner_n after_o that_o your_o plate_n be_v eat_v into_o by_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la how_o to_o touch_v up_o or_o regrave_n that_o which_o happy_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v or_o that_o which_o you_o will_v amend_v or_o supply_v p._n 39_o of_o grave_v the_o several_a way_n of_o draw_v the_o design_n upon_o the_o plate_n p._n 41._o the_o form_n of_o grave_v tool_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o whet_v your_o graver_n p._n 43._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o hold_v your_o graver_n with_o other_o particular_n p._n 45._o the_o manner_n of_o govern_v your_o hand_n in_o grave_v and_o other_o particular_n p._n 47._o finis_fw-la the_o art_n of_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la sect._n 1_o how_o to_o make_v the_o hard_a varnish_n for_o engrave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la take_v five_o ounce_n of_o greek_a pitch_n or_o for_o want_n of_o that_o burgundy_n pitch_n five_o ounce_n of_o rozin_n of_o tyre_n or_o colofonium_n or_o for_o want_n of_o that_o ordinary_a rosine_n melt_v they_o together_o upon_o a_o gentle_a fire_n in_o a_o new_a earthen_a pot_n well_o varnish_v or_o lead_v and_o be_v very_o clean_o these_o two_o thing_n be_v first_o melt_v and_o well_o mix_v together_o put_v into_o they_o four_o ounce_n of_o the_o best_a nut_n oil_n mix_v they_o well_o together_o upon_o the_o same_o fire_n the_o space_n of_o a_o full_a half_a hour_n and_o let_v they_o boil_v well_o then_o let_v this_o mixture_n cool_v a_o little_a upon_o a_o soft_a fire_n and_o afterward_o touch_v it_o with_o the_o end_n of_o your_o finger_n it_o will_v rope_n if_o it_o be_v boil_a enough_o like_o a_o glewy_a
syrup_n then_o take_v the_o pot_n from_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o varnish_n be_v a_o little_a more_o cool_v strain_v it_o through_o a_o fine_a linen_n cloth_n or_o taffeta_n into_o a_o well_o varnish_a earthen_a pot_n or_o else_o put_v it_o into_o any_o thick_a glass_n bottle_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o will_v not_o drink_v it_o up_o and_o stop_v it_o well_o varnish_v thus_o make_v will_v last_v twenty_o year_n and_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a the_o long_o it_o be_v keep_v it_o be_v report_v of_o monsieur_n callot_n that_o he_o have_v his_o varnish_n send_v he_o ready_o make_v from_o italy_n which_o be_v make_v there_o by_o the_o joiner_n who_o use_v it_o to_o varnish_v their_o work_n they_o call_v it_o vernice_n grosso_fw-it de_fw-it lignaioly_n he_o give_v some_o to_o the_o author_n which_o he_o use_v a_o long_a time_n but_o since_o make_v use_n of_o the_o varnish_n whereof_o you_o have_v a_o description_n before_o sect._n 2._o how_o to_o make_v the_o composition_n or_o mixture_n of_o grease_n and_o oil_n to_o cover_v those_o place_n in_o your_o plate_n where_o you_o will_v not_o have_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o eat_v in_o take_v a_o earthen_a porringer_n well_o lead_v put_v into_o it_o a_o quantity_n of_o salad_n oil_n and_o set_v it_o on_o the_o fâ—re_n and_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v hot_a put_v into_o it_o a_o quantity_n of_o candles-grease_n when_o that_o be_v melt_v take_v a_o pencil_n and_o dip_v it_o in_o and_o let_v a_o drop_n or_o two_o fall_n on_o a_o plate_n or_o any_o cold_a hard_a thing_n and_o if_o the_o drop_n be_v a_o little_a harden_a and_o firm_a it_o show_v that_o the_o mixture_n be_v well_o make_v for_o you_o may_v judge_v that_o if_o it_o be_v too_o liquid_a it_o be_v because_o there_o be_v too_o much_o oil_n and_o if_o so_o than_o you_o must_v put_v in_o more_o grease_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o it_o be_v too_o hard_a you_o must_v put_v in_o more_o oil_n have_v make_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n boil_v it_o well_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n that_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o grease_n may_v be_v well_o mix_v together_o and_o that_o you_o may_v perceive_v they_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o separate_v when_o you_o shall_v use_v they_o the_o reason_n why_o you_o melt_v the_o oil_n and_o the_o grease_n together_o be_v to_o make_v the_o grease_n more_o liquid_a and_o not_o cool_v too_o fast_o for_o shall_v you_o melt_v the_o grease_n alone_o you_o shall_v no_o soon_o take_v it_o up_o with_o the_o point_n of_o your_o pencil_n to_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o place_n where_o you_o will_v use_v it_o but_o it_o will_v grow_v cold_a put_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n sect._n 3_o how_o to_o prepare_v the_o ingredient_n for_o make_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la for_o the_o hard_a varnish_n the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v make_v of_o vinegar_n salt_n ammoniac_a bay-salt_n and_o vert_fw-fr de_fw-fr griz_v the_o vinegar_n must_v be_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o white-wine_n vinegar_n but_o if_o it_o be_v distil_v it_o be_v the_o better_a and_o not_o so_o subject_a to_o break_v up_o the_o varnish_n the_o salt_n ammoniac_a must_v be_v clear_a transparent_a white_a pure_a and_o clean_o the_o bay-salt_n must_v be_v also_o pure_a and_o clean_a the_o vert_fw-fr de_fw-fr griz_v must_v be_v clean_a and_o free_a from_o any_o scrape_n of_o brass_n the_o salt_n ammoniac_a and_o vert_fw-fr de_fw-fr griz_v be_v common_o sell_v at_o the_o druggist_n sect._n 4._o how_o to_o make_v this_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la take_v three_o pint_n of_o vinegar_n six_o ounce_n of_o salt_n ammoniac_a six_o ounce_n of_o bay_a salt_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o vert_fw-fr de_fw-fr griz_v or_o of_o each_o according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o you_o will_v make_v your_o quantity_n more_o or_o less_o put_v they_o all_o together_o in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n well_o varnish_v large_a enough_o that_o it_o may_v not_o boil_v over_o cover_v the_o pot_n and_o put_v it_o on_o a_o quick_a fire_n and_o let_v it_o speedy_o boil_v two_o or_o three_o great_a walme_n and_o no_o more_o when_o you_o perceive_v it_o ready_a to_o boil_v and_o not_o before_o uncover_v the_o pot_n and_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o little_a stick_n sometime_o and_o take_v heed_n that_o it_o do_v not_o boil_v over_o have_v thus_o boil_a it_o two_o or_o three_o great_a walme_n take_v off_o the_o pot_n from_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o cool_v but_o keep_v the_o pot_n cover_v and_o when_o it_o be_v cold_a power_n it_o into_o a_o glass_n bottle_n and_o let_v it_o stand_v stop_v a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o you_o use_v it_o and_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o too_o strong_a in_o the_o etch_n pour_v into_o it_o a_o glass_n or_o two_o of_o the_o same_o vinegar_n you_o make_v it_o of_o sect._n 5._o how_o to_o know_v good_a copper_n from_o bad_a copper_n be_v best_a for_o grave_v with_o a_o grave_a or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la brass_n be_v too_o brittle_a that_o copper_n be_v best_a which_o be_v free_a from_o flaw_n and_o not_o too_o hard_a which_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o its_o yellowish_a colour_n almost_o like_o brass_n &_o if_o it_o be_v too_o soft_a you_o may_v somewhat_o perceiv_v it_o by_o its_o too_o much_o pliableness_n in_o bend_v when_o you_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o you_o shall_v perceive_v in_o that_o which_o be_v good_a a_o firm_a yet_o easy_a force_n in_o the_o enter_v of_o your_o grave_a and_o that_o copper_n which_o be_v best_a for_o grave_v be_v also_o best_a for_o etch_v sect._n 6._o how_o to_o planish_v and_o polish_v your_o plate_n here_o in_o england_n you_o must_v buy_v your_o copper_n ready_o forge_v from_o the_o brazier_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o they_o which_o desire_v to_o engrave_v shall_v forge_v and_o polish_v their_o copper_n themselves_o but_o because_o in_o divers_a place_n there_o be_v not_o conveniency_n of_o have_v it_o ready_a polish_a i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o may_v be_v do_v those_o plate_n which_o you_o intend_v to_o forge_v and_o planish_v must_v be_v full_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o half-crown_n because_o in_o their_o forgeing_n and_o planish_v they_o will_v become_v somewhat_o thin_a you_o must_v planish_v your_o copper_n cold_a as_o the_o silversmith_n do_v their_o plate_n and_o the_o more_o it_o be_v beat_v or_o planish_v with_o a_o hammer_n the_o firm_a it_o be_v and_o less_o subject_a to_o hole_n or_o flaw_n your_o plate_n be_v well_o planish_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o smooth_a side_n for_o polish_n before_o you_o begin_v to_o polish_v it_o fix_v it_o upon_o a_o board_n and_o when_o you_o polish_v it_o let_v your_o board_n to_o which_o the_o plate_n be_v fix_v stand_v a_o little_a decline_a or_o slope_v to_o polish_v your_o plate_n take_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o grinding-stone_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o fist_n and_o fair_a water_n and_o rub_v it_o firm_o and_o even_o all_o over_o and_o in_o your_o rub_n throw_v water_n often_o on_o it_o and_o continue_v so_o do_v till_o you_o can_v perceive_v any_o dint_n or_o flaw_n or_o mark_n of_o the_o hammer_n then_o wash_v it_o clean_o with_o water_n afterwards_o take_v a_o good_a pumice-stone_n and_o rub_v the_o same_o plate_n with_o it_o and_o water_n till_o there_o appear_v none_o of_o the_o rough_a stroke_n or_o mark_n of_o the_o stone_n then_o wash_v it_o clean_o with_o water_n as_o you_o do_v before_o again_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o a_o fine_a smooth_a hoan_n and_o water_n till_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o pumice-stone_n be_v quite_o rub_v out_o this_o do_v wash_v it_o clean_o with_o fair_a water_n then_o choose_v out_o a_o chark-cole_n smooth_a without_o any_o knot_n or_o rough_a grain_n and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o well-kindled_n fire_n let_v it_o be_v there_o till_o you_o may_v perceive_v it_o red_a hot_a then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o fire_n and_o immediate_o quench_v it_o in_o cold_a water_n then_o take_v it_o out_o and_o pair_n off_o the_o uttermost_a rind_n and_o rub_v your_o plate_n with_o it_o and_o water_n till_o all_o the_o small_a stroke_n of_o the_o hone_n be_v rub_v out_o if_o the_o coal_n be_v naught_o it_o will_v only_o slide_v upon_o the_o plate_n and_o not_o rub_v out_o the_o stroke_n after_o you_o have_v thus_o polish_v it_o with_o a_o chark-cole_n if_o you_o perceive_v any_o small_a stroke_n or_o scratch_n on_o your_o plate_n then_o take_v a_o well-hardened_n piece_n of_o steel_n make_v somewhat_o roundish_n at_o the_o end_n which_o be_v common_o call_v a_o burnisher_n and_o with_o it_o rub_v those_o place_n firm_o and_o even_o where_o you_o perceive_v any_o stroke_n or_o
to_o be_v put_v to_o take_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o virgin_n wax_n the_o best_a and_o white_a one_o ounce_n of_o mastic_n in_o tear_n neat_a and_o pure_a half_o a_o ounce_n of_o spaltum_fw-la grind_v the_o mastic_n and_o the_o spaltum_fw-la several_o very_o fine_a then_o melt_v your_o virgin_n wak_v in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n well_o lead_v and_o when_o it_o be_v very_o hot_a strew_v in_o your_o beat_a mastic_n all_o over_o and_o stir_v they_o together_o with_o a_o little_a stick_n till_o such_o time_n as_o you_o may_v judge_v the_o mastic_n to_o be_v well_o incorporate_v with_o the_o wax_n &_o after_o that_o strew_v in_o also_o the_o spaltum_fw-la as_o you_o do_v the_o mastic_n before_o and_o stir_v the_o whole_a mixture_n together_o upon_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o spaltum_fw-la be_v likewise_o well_o dissolve_v and_o mix_v with_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n then_o take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o cool_v a_o little_a then_o pour_v in_o the_o say_a composition_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o fair_a water_n and_o first_o wet_v your_o hand_n which_o must_v be_v very_o clean_a in_o the_o water_n take_v out_o the_o say_a mixture_n before_o it_o be_v quite_o cold_a and_o have_v well_o mould_v it_o to_o squeeze_v out_o the_o water_n roll_v it_o up_o into_o piece_n about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n long_o you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v to_o make_v it_o the_o more_o free_a from_o any_o kind_n of_o filth_n as_o you_o pour_v it_o into_o the_o basin_n of_o water_n pass_v it_o through_o a_o fine_a linen_n cloth_n but_o it_o be_v as_o well_o not_o to_o pass_v it_o through_o but_o after_o it_o be_v mould_v to_o wrap_v it_o up_o in_o a_o piece_n of_o fine_a linen_n cloth_n or_o taffeta_n two_o or_o three_o time_n double_a and_o so_o use_v it_o you_o be_v not_o to_o put_v in_o so_o much_o of_o virgin_n wax_n in_o summer_n as_o in_o winter_n there_o be_v several_a other_o composition_n of_o soft_a varnish_n that_o may_v be_v use_v but_o this_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o best_a of_o any_o that_o i_o have_v find_v sect._n 20._o the_o manner_n of_o lay_v your_o soft_a ground_n or_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n have_v your_o plate_n well_o polish_a and_o cleanse_v from_o grease_n take_v the_o soft_a varnish_n prepare_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o put_v the_o say_a plate_n over_o a_o chafing-dish_n wherein_o a_o moderate_a fire_n have_v be_v kindle_v and_o heat_n it_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o varnish_n may_v easy_o dissolve_v as_o it_o pass_v through_o that_o which_o enwrap_v it_o the_o plate_n be_v thus_o heat_v take_v the_o varnish_n cover_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o apply_v it_o by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o roller_n spread_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n while_o it_o be_v hot_a carry_v it_o light_o over_o from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o until_o the_o plate_n be_v cover_v thin_a and_o equal_o all_o over_o this_o be_v do_v and_o have_v a_o quill_n that_o have_v a_o smooth_a feather_n take_v it_o and_o with_o the_o broad_a side_n thereof_o sweep_v it_o gentle_o over_o the_o varnish_n and_o swift_o to_o the_o end_n it_o do_v not_o burn_v the_o first_o time_n the_o feather_a end_n of_o the_o quill_n shall_v only_o serve_v to_o spread_v the_o varnish_n over_o the_o plate_n but_o afterward_o make_v choice_n of_o another_o the_o best_a feather_a quill_n you_o have_v and_o go_v it_o over_o again_o light_o that_o the_o varnish_n may_v be_v extend_v very_o equal_o all_o over_o the_o plate_n and_o very_o thin_a for_o when_o it_o be_v lay_v on_o too_o thick_a your_o work_n can_v be_v so_o fine_a and_o delicate_a as_o otherwise_o it_o will_v and_o if_o the_o plate_n shall_v cool_v and_o consequent_o the_o varnish_n you_o must_v heat_v it_o a_o little_a again_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v receive_v the_o varnish_n as_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o linen_n also_o take_v great_a care_n for_o your_o better_a ease_n in_o the_o spread_n of_o it_o that_o your_o plate_n and_o by_o consequence_n your_o varnish_n happen_v not_o to_o burn_v which_o that_o you_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o perceive_v take_v notice_n that_o when_o it_o be_v too_o hot_a it_o cast_v itself_o into_o little_a clot_n and_o pumple_n by_o reason_n of_o over_o much_o heat_n of_o the_o plate_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v even_o spread_v your_o varnish_n upon_o your_o plate_n black_a it_o over_o with_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v in_o speak_v of_o your_o hard_a varnish_n provide_v only_o that_o the_o flame_n approach_v not_o too_o near_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o one_o case_n rather_o than_o in_o another_o and_o that_o be_v when_o have_v black_v it_o all_o over_o you_o perceive_v that_o the_o smoke_n have_v not_o enter_v within_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o grow_a cold_a therefore_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o put_v your_o plate_n again_o over_o your_o chafing-dish_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o plate_n be_v hot_a the_o varnish_n will_v dissolve_v and_o by_o consequence_n the_o black_a which_o the_o smoke_n have_v leave_v upon_o the_o varnish_n will_v altogether_o pierce_v as_o far_o as_o the_o plate_n be_v careful_a above_o all_o in_o do_v this_o to_o have_v a_o moderate_a fire_n and_o still_o to_o remove_v your_o plate_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o say_a varnish_n melt_v equal_o all_o over_o without_o burn_v after_o that_o let_v your_o plate_n cool_v and_o when_o you_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o work_v upon_o it_o place_n your_o design_n altogether_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o upon_o your_o hard_a varnish_n the_o backside_n thereof_o be_v rub_v with_o the_o dust_n of_o red_a chalk_n except_v only_o that_o you_o must_v not_o lean_v so_o hard_o on_o with_o your_o point_n in_o draw_v the_o out-line_n of_o your_o design_n lest_o by_o so_o do_v the_o needle_n cut_v through_o the_o paper_n shall_v raze_v the_o varnish_n next_o you_o proceed_v to_o work_v upon_o your_o plate_n with_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o point_n as_o those_o which_o be_v mention_v for_o hard_a varnish_n except_v those_o oval_a point_n which_o many_o that_o etch_v with_o soft_a varnish_n never_o use_v nevertheless_o they_o be_v very_o commodious_a especial_o for_o the_o work_a any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n or_o make_v of_o large_a stroke_n and_o it_o be_v at_o the_o choice_n of_o those_o that_o grave_n either_o to_o use_v they_o or_o not_o to_o use_v they_o but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o which_o you_o be_v to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a care_n and_o that_o be_v how_o to_o keep_v the_o soft_a varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n for_o it_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o be_v rub_v or_o raze_v off_o if_o any_o thing_n never_o so_o little_a violent_a happen_v to_o touch_v it_o there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o keep_v it_o unhurt_a for_o example_n work_v upon_o the_o plain_a or_o on_o a_o desk_n you_o may_v have_v on_o the_o side_n of_o your_o plate_n two_o little_a board_n of_o what_o bigness_n you_o please_v or_o two_o little_a book_n of_o the_o same_o thickness_n and_o lay_v another_o thin_a board_n upon_o they_o so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v not_o touch_v the_o plate_n and_o rest_v your_o hand_n upon_o this_o board_n as_o you_o work_v there_o be_v some_o which_o work_n with_o their_o plate_n lay_v upon_o a_o kind_n of_o easle_n as_o a_o painter_n do_v when_o he_o paint_v but_o all_o man_n can_v set_v themselves_o to_o this_o manner_n of_o work_v although_o it_o be_v very_o much_o approve_v of_o for_o many_o reason_n which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v allege_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o say_v soft_a varnish_n you_o must_v handsome_o place_v your_o board_n upon_o a_o desk_n and_o then_o lie_v a_o leaf_n of_o brown_a or_o white_a paper_n upon_o it_o so_o as_o it_o be_v fine_a and_o smooth_a it_o import_v not_o much_o lay_v then_o your_o plate_n upon_o it_o afterward_o take_v a_o linen_n cloth_n without_o any_o kind_n of_o seam_n which_o have_v be_v often_o put_v to_o other_o use_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o gentle_a and_o soft_a then_o double_v it_o three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o fold_n and_o lay_v it_o upon_o your_o varnish_n whereon_o rest_n your_o hand_n as_o you_o use_v in_o like_a manner_n sheet_n of_o paper_n upon_o hard_a varnishâ—â—_n and_o the_o reason_n wherefore_o this_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o you_o be_v lest_o the_o button_n of_o your_o sleeve_n shall_v rub_v off_o the_o varnish_n be_v very_o careful_a that_o there_o be_v no_o dust_n or_o filth_n find_v upon_o
scratch_n when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o wash_v it_o clean_o and_o dry_v it_o by_o the_o fire_n and_o if_o by_o any_o accident_n your_o plate_n be_v foul_a or_o greasy_a take_v the_o crumb_n of_o stale_a bread_n or_o fine-powdered_n chalk_n and_o rub_v your_o plate_n over_o with_o it_o the_o plate_n be_v thus_o polish_v and_o cleanse_v be_v fit_o prepare_v to_o lay_v on_o your_o varnish_n sect._n 7._o how_o to_o apply_v your_o hard_a varnish_n on_o the_o plate_n and_o make_v it_o black_a take_v your_o plate_n thus_o cleanse_v and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o chafing-dish_n with_o a_o little_a fire_n in_o it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v indifferent_o hot_a take_v it_o away_o and_o take_v up_o some_o of_o the_o varnish_n with_o a_o little_a stick_n and_o put_v a_o drop_n of_o it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o your_o finger_n then_o light_o touch_v the_o plate_n with_o the_o top_n of_o your_o finger_n in_o several_a place_n at_o equal_a distance_n as_o the_o uppermost_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n show_v you_o the_o same_o be_v mark_v with_o the_o letter_n o_o and_o lay_v no_o more_o on_o one_o place_n then_o on_o another_o and_o if_o your_o plate_n grow_v cold_a heat_v it_o again_o as_o before_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o keep_v it_o from_o dust_n or_o filth_n this_o do_v have_v well-wiped_n the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n tap_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n till_o all_o the_o little_a spot_n of_o varnish_n be_v equal_o spread_v upon_o the_o plate_n after_o this_o tapping_z wipe_v or_o slide_v your_o hand_n upon_o the_o varnish_n to_o make_v it_o more_o smooth_a and_o equal_a take_v great_a care_n that_o there_o be_v not_o too_o much_o varnish_v upon_o the_o plate_n and_o that_o your_o hand_n be_v not_o sweaty_a because_o the_o sweat_n mix_v with_o the_o varnish_n will_v cause_v little_a bubble_n when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o fire_n which_o will_v become_v little_a hole_n in_o the_o varnish_n your_o varnish_n be_v thus_o smooth_v upon_o the_o plate_n the_o way_n to_o black_a it_o be_v thus_o take_v a_o great_a tallow-candle_n light_v which_o burn_v clear_a let_v it_o have_v but_o a_o short_a snuff_n then_o place_v the_o corner_n of_o your_o plate_n against_o the_o wall_n with_o the_o varnish_a side_n downward_o as_o the_o low_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n represent_v it_o to_o you_o take_v heed_n that_o your_o finger_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o varnish_n then_o take_v your_o candle_n and_o apply_v the_o flame_n to_o the_o varnish_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v without_o touch_v the_o varnish_n with_o the_o snuff_n of_o the_o candle_n guide_v the_o flame_n all_o over_o till_o you_o see_v it_o perfect_o black_a keep_v it_o then_o from_o dust_n or_o filth_n until_o it_o be_v dry_v plate_n 1_o 2._o sect._n 8._o how_o to_o dry_v or_o harden_v the_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n kindle_v a_o fire_n in_o a_o chimney_n of_o such_o chark-cole_n as_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o sparkle_a and_o when_o they_o be_v well_o kindle_v range_v they_o in_o a_o square_a somewhat_o large_a than_o the_o plate_n as_o the_o letter_n p_o sheweth_z you_o before_o you_o place_v your_o plate_n to_o be_v dry_v hang_v up_o a_o cloth_n in_o the_o chimney_n to_o hinder_v and_o keep_v off_o any_o soot_n or_o filth_n from_o fall_v down_o upon_o it_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o letter_n b_o c_o d._n then_o take_v your_o plate_n and_o place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o range_n upon_o two_o low_a andiron_n as_o the_o letter_n o_o direct_v this_o do_v you_o will_v soon_o perceive_v the_o varnish_n to_o smoke_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o smoke_n begin_v to_o abate_v then_o take_v off_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o andiron_n and_o with_o a_o stick_n point_a scratch_n near_o the_o side_n of_o your_o plate_n and_o if_o it_o easy_o take_v off_o the_o varnish_n than_o you_o must_v lay_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o andiron_n for_o a_o little_a space_n then_o take_v it_o off_o and_o touch_v it_o again_o with_o your_o point_a stick_n and_o if_o it_o take_v off_o the_o varnish_n not_o too_o easy_o then_o immediate_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o cool_v if_o the_o varnish_n do_v much_o resist_v the_o point_n of_o the_o stick_n then_o present_o throw_v on_o some_o cold_a water_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o plate_n to_o cool_v it_o so_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o plate_n may_v not_o cause_v the_o varnish_n to_o be_v too_o hard_a and_o brittle_a sect._n 9_o how_o to_o choose_v your_o needle_n wherewith_o to_o make_v your_o tool_n to_o etch_v with_o pl._n 3._o choose_v some_o break_a needle_n of_o several_a size_n and_o bigness_n such_o as_o break_v neat_a without_o bend_v and_o of_o a_o fine_a grain_n then_o take_v round_o stick_v of_o a_o good_a firm_a wood_n not_o apt_a to_o split_v of_o the_o length_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o somewhat_o less_o of_o the_o thicknessse_n of_o a_o good_a large_a quill_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o stick_v fix_v in_o your_o needle_n so_o that_o they_o stand_v out_o of_o the_o stick_v about_o as_o much_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n follow_v sect._n 10._o how_o to_o whet_v the_o point_n of_o your_o needle_n there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o whet_v your_o needle_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o slope_v you_o must_v have_v a_o oil_n stone_n with_o a_o fine_a grain_n to_o whet_v your_o needle_n upon_o for_o those_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v round_o you_o must_v upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n whet_v their_o point_n short_a not_o as_o your_o sow_a needle_n be_v but_o as_o the_o figure_n show_v you_o for_o the_o other_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o make_v slope_v first_o upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n make_v it_o blunt_a then_o hold_v it_o firm_a and_o steady_o whet_v it_o slope_v upon_o one_o side_n only_o till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o short_a roundish_n oval_n for_o the_o long_a oval_n be_v not_o so_o good_a to_o work_v with_o you_o will_v need_v a_o soft_a brush-pencill_n to_o brush_v off_o the_o varnish_n which_o you_o work_v off_o with_o the_o stroke_n of_o your_o needle_n as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o letter_n a._n sect._n 11._o to_o preserve_v your_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n your_o plate_n be_v varnish_v place_v it_o upon_o a_o low_a desk_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n and_o cover_v that_o part_n which_o you_o do_v not_o work_v one_o with_o a_o sheet_n of_o fine_a white_a paper_n and_o over_o that_o a_o sheet_n of_o brown_a paper_n whereon_o you_o rest_v your_o hand_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o varnish_n when_o you_o work_v when_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v your_o ruler_n to_o draw_v straight_a line_n lay_v some_o part_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o paper_n that_o it_o may_v not_o rub_v off_o the_o varnish_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n that_o no_o filth_n or_o dust_n get_v in_o between_o the_o paper_n and_o the_o varnish_n for_o that_o will_v cause_v some_o hole_n and_o scratch_n in_o the_o varnish_n sect._n 12._o how_o to_o etch_v in_o etch_v you_o will_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v divers_a sort_n of_o line_n or_o hatch_n some_o big_a some_o small_a some_o straight_a some_o crooked_a to_o make_v these_o you_o must_v use_v several_a sort_n of_o needle_n big_a or_o small_a as_o the_o work_n require_v the_o great_a line_n be_v make_v these_o three_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o lean_v hard_o on_o the_o needle_n and_o the_o point_n be_v short_a and_o thick_o make_v a_o large_a passage_n but_o the_o point_n be_v round_o it_o will_v not_o cut_v the_o varnish_n clear_a 2._o by_o make_v divers_a line_n or_o hatch_n very_o close_a one_o to_o another_o and_o then_o by_o pass_v they_o over_o again_o with_o a_o thick_a needle_n but_o this_o way_n be_v both_o too_o tedious_a and_o withal_o very_o difficult_a 3._o by_o make_v the_o line_n with_o a_o indifferent_a big_a needle_n and_o let_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la lie_v the_o long_o on_o it_o those_o needle_n which_o you_o whet_v slope_v with_o a_o oval_a be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v the_o large_a line_n withal_o because_o with_o their_o side_n they_o cut_v that_o which_o the_o round_a point_n can_v pl._n 4._o sect._n 13._o how_o to_o guide_v your_o needle_n upon_o the_o plate_n you_o may_v perceive_v from_o what_o be_v say_v that_o those_o point_n which_o you_o intend_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aught_o to_o be_v whet_v exact_o round_a that_o they_o may_v turn_v more_o free_o upon_o the_o plate_n some_o of_o those_o round_a point_n must_v be_v whet_v very_o sharp_a that_o they_o may_v cut_v the_o varnish_n and_o copper_n more_o easy_o if_o you_o find_v that_o your_o point_n cut_v not_o free_o
it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o cause_v the_o varnish_n to_o break_v up_o nor_o to_o many_o other_o accident_n as_o the_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o sight_n or_o to_o one_o health_n as_o that_o of_o the_o refiner_n be_v nevertheless_o every_o one_o may_v use_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v sect._n 22._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a ground_n upon_o your_o hard_a or_o soft_a varnish_n there_o be_v a_o way_n to_o whiten_v your_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n instead_o of_o make_v they_o black_a with_o a_o candle_n which_o be_v thus_o when_o you_o have_v apply_v your_o hard_a varnish_n as_o have_v be_v teach_v upon_o the_o plate_n harden_v it_o upon_o the_o fire_n without_o black_n it_o yet_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o be_v black_v then_o let_v the_o plate_n cool_v and_o have_v get_v white_a ceruse_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o earthen_a dish_n well_o lead_v with_o a_o little_a flanders_n starch_n in_o it_o set_v they_o upon_o the_o fire_n and_o melt_v they_o together_o make_v they_o pretty_a hot_a that_o be_v do_v take_v up_o the_o white_a ceruse_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v indifferent_o clear_a with_o a_o brush_n or_o great_a pencil_n of_o hog_n hair_n and_o therewith_o whiten_v your_o varnish_n lay_v it_o as_o thin_a and_o as_o even_o as_o you_o can_v then_o leave_v it_o to_o dry_a lay_v the_o plate_n flat_a in_o some_o convenient_a place_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n in_o whiten_v it_o the_o white_z be_v difficult_a to_o spread_v you_o need_v do_v no_o more_o but_o put_v among_o the_o say_v white_a ceruse_n a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o the_o gall_n of_o a_o ox_n and_o so_o mingle_v they_o together_o in_o the_o dish_n with_o your_o brush_n and_o for_o the_o soft_a varnish_n you_o shall_v need_v only_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n after_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n and_o extend_v it_o very_o even_o with_o the_o feather_a end_n of_o your_o quill_n some_o will_v say_v that_o if_o they_o black_a it_o before_o they_o apply_v the_o white_a upon_o it_o when_o they_o come_v afterward_o to_o grave_n the_o hatching_n will_v be_v the_o more_o black_a and_o by_o consequence_n will_v appear_v so_o much_o the_o more_o distinct_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o when_o it_o be_v black_v the_o white_a will_v not_o touch_v it_o and_o that_o they_o must_v not_o venture_v to_o put_v so_o much_o gall_n for_o fear_v of_o spoil_v the_o varnish_n second_o that_o if_o the_o white_a shall_v spread_v well_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o appear_v otherwise_o then_o grey_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o black_n of_o the_o say_a varnish_n unless_o you_o shall_v lay_v it_o so_o thick_a that_o all_o will_v be_v nothing_o worth_a the_o mark_v of_o your_o design_n upon_o soft_a varnish_n be_v perform_v with_o the_o dust_n of_o red_a chalk_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v speak_v of_o hard_a varnish_n or_o with_o rub_v well_o the_o paper_n or_o design_n with_o the_o dust_n of_o black_a chalk_n or_o black_a lead_n when_o the_o varnish_n be_v make_v white_a for_o red_a chalk_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o a_o black_a ground_n when_o you_o shall_v have_v grave_v that_o which_o you_o intend_v upon_o the_o soft_a varnish_n and_o that_o you_o go_v about_o to_o etch_v your_o plate_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la that_o which_o you_o have_v then_o to_o do_v be_v to_o take_v a_o little_a fair_a water_n somewhat_o more_o than_o lukewarm_a and_o to_o cast_v it_o upon_o the_o say_a plate_n and_o then_o with_o a_o soft_a clean_a sponge_n or_o with_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o end_n of_o your_o finger_n to_o rub_v upon_o the_o say_v white_a ceruse_n to_o moisten_v it_o all_o over_o afterward_o wash_v the_o say_a plate_n to_o take_v off_o the_o whiting_n of_o it_o and_o then_o dry_v it_o last_o you_o may_v lay_v on_o which_o of_o the_o two_o aqua_fw-la fortiss_n you_o please_v and_o for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o say_v white_a varnish_n while_o you_o be_v work_v you_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o lay_v upon_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o soft_a linen_n in_o stead_n of_o paper_n or_o else_o of_o damask_a linen_n if_o you_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o take_v away_o the_o say_a whiting_n you_o must_v take_v some_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la of_o the_o refiner_n temper_v with_o fair_a water_n lay_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n disperse_v it_o all_o over_o this_o will_v soak_v and_o quick_o eat_v in_o after_o that_o you_o have_v also_o throw_v clean_o fair_a water_n upon_o it_o have_v in_o this_o manner_n take_v away_o the_o whiting_n you_o shall_v also_o let_v the_o water_n dry_v up_o which_o shall_v remain_v upon_o it_o and_o last_o cause_n it_o to_o eat_v into_o your_o work_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o sect._n 23._o another_o way_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a upon_o your_o varnish_n take_v ceruse_n of_o the_o best_a and_o grind_v it_o very_o fine_a upon_o a_o stone_n with_o fair_a water_n that_o be_v do_v take_v gum-water_n and_o pour_v a_o small_a quantity_n upon_o the_o stone_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ceruse_n then_o take_v a_o large_a pencil_n of_o hog_n hair_n or_o the_o like_a provide_v it_o be_v not_o too_o stiff_a with_o that_o pencil_n take_v it_o off_o the_o stone_n and_o spread_v it_o thin_a all_o over_o your_o plate_n and_o immediate_a after_o take_v a_o large_a pencil_n make_v of_o long_a and_o very_a soft_a hair_n either_o of_o a_o fox_n tail_n or_o bear_v hair_n and_o with_o a_o very_a light_n and_o gentle_a hand_n pass_v it_o all_o over_o the_o plate_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o lie_v exact_o even_o in_o all_o part_n that_o the_o streak_n of_o the_o former_a brush_n may_v not_o appear_v then_o place_v your_o plate_n so_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v very_o even_o and_o let_v it_o dry_v by_o the_o way_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o give_v you_o this_o advertisement_n that_o you_o be_v not_o to_o mix_v too_o much_o gum_n with_o the_o white_a nor_o too_o little_a for_o if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o it_o will_v break_v and_o crack_v the_o varnish_n if_o there_o be_v too_o little_a it_o will_v easy_o rub_v off_o therefore_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o use_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o will_v just_o serve_v to_o bind_v the_o white_a upon_o the_o plate_n likewise_o you_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o lay_v it_o too_o thick_a for_o if_o it_o be_v you_o can_v work_v with_o that_o neatness_n and_o curiosity_n as_o otherwise_o you_o may_v sect._n 24._o here_o follow_v the_o manner_n after_o that_o your_o plate_n be_v eat_v into_o by_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la how_o to_o touch_v up_o or_o regrave_n that_o which_o haply_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v or_o that_o which_o you_o will_v amend_v or_o supply_v before_o i_o make_v a_o end_n i_o think_v fit_v to_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o touch_v over_o again_o many_o thing_n according_a as_o need_n may_v require_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la as_o when_o it_o happen_v that_o have_v make_v upon_o your_o copper_n any_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o please_v you_o and_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n have_v cover_v it_o with_o your_o oily_a mixture_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v not_o perform_v its_o operation_n or_o that_o you_o will_v add_v any_o ornament_n either_o in_o drapery_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v think_v on_o upon_o several_a occasion_n in_o this_o case_n therefore_o take_v your_o plate_n and_o rub_v it_o over_o well_o with_o oyl-olive_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n grave_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o the_o blackness_n and_o foulness_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v in_o the_o hatching_n or_o stroke_n may_v be_v take_v away_o afterward_o take_v out_o the_o grease_n so_o thorough_o with_o crumm_n of_o bread_n that_o there_o may_v remain_v no_o grease_n nor_o filth_n upon_o the_o plate_n nor_o in_o any_o of_o the_o stroke_n or_o hatching_n then_o heat_v it_o upon_o a_o charcoal_n fire_n and_o spread_v the_o soft_a varnish_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o feather_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o which_o you_o be_v to_o take_v special_a care_n of_o be_v that_o the_o hatching_n which_o you_o will_v have_v to_o remain_v be_v fill_v with_o varnish_n that_o be_v do_v black_a it_o and_o then_o you_o may_v touch_v over_o again_o or_o add_v what_o you_o intend_v and_o last_o make_v your_o hatching_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o your_o needl_v according_a as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n shall_v require_v be_v careful_a before_o you_o put_v on_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o cover_v with_o your_o oily_a mixture_n as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o first_o grave_v which_o be_v
upon_o your_o plate_n for_o in_o case_n that_o the_o varnish_n shall_v not_o have_v enter_v all_o over_o that_o to_o be_v sure_a will_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o hatching_n there_o shall_v be_v neither_o of_o the_o mixture_n nor_o varnish_n the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o fail_v to_o enter_v and_o spoil_v all_o have_v then_o cause_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o eat_v into_o your_o work_n take_v away_o your_o varnish_n from_o your_o plate_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o the_o art_n of_o grave_v sect._n 25._o the_o several_a way_n of_o draw_v your_o design_n upon_o the_o plate_n before_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o manage_v and_o whet_v your_o graver_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o let_v you_o know_v the_o way_n that_o be_v use_v in_o the_o draw_v your_o design_n upon_o the_o plate_n which_o must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n as_o your_o design_n or_o print_n be_v which_o you_o intend_v to_o copy_n put_v your_o plate_n upon_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o heat_v a_o little_a then_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o white_a virgin-wax_n and_o spread_v it_o thin_a over_o the_o plate_n and_o with_o a_o smooth_a feather_n gentle_o stroke_n it_o all_o over_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v lie_v the_o more_o even_a and_o smooth_a then_o let_v it_o cool_v if_o you_o intend_v to_o copy_n a_o print_a picture_n and_o that_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o print_v off_o the_o same_o way_n when_o it_o be_v grave_v with_o your_o pattern_n than_o you_o must_v place_v your_o picture_n which_o you_o will_v grave_n with_o the_o face_n or_o print_a side_n next_o to_o your_o plate_n wax_v over_o as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o have_v place_v it_o very_o exact_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o the_o print_n with_o a_o burnisher_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v smooth_a and_o round_a and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o it_o will_v stick_v to_o the_o wax_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o copper_n when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v take_v off_o the_o print_n begin_v at_o one_o side_n or_o corner_n but_o be_v careful_a you_o take_v it_o not_o off_o to_o hasty_o for_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v tear_v your_o print_n or_o design_n and_o also_o if_o you_o put_v your_o wax_n to_o thick_a upon_o the_o plate_n it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o cause_v the_o same_o inconvenience_n but_o if_o you_o will_v grave_n it_o the_o same_o way_n as_o your_o print_n or_o design_n be_v then_o take_v the_o dust_n of_o black-lead_a or_o black-chalk_n and_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o draw_v or_o print_v all_o over_o therewith_o and_o place_n it_o with_o that_o side_n so_o black_v towards_o the_o plate_n so_o wax_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o with_o your_o needle_n or_o drawing-point_n draw_v all_o the_o out-line_n of_o your_o design_n and_o you_o will_v find_v all_o those_o line_n upon_o your_o plate_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o preserve_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o design_n from_o be_v black_v with_o the_o dust_n before_o mention_v then_o take_v a_o fine_a thin_a piece_n of_o white_a paper_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o design_n and_o instead_o of_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o print_n or_o design_n rub_v one_o side_n of_o the_o say_a paper_n with_o the_o dust_n or_o powder_n of_o black-chalk_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o place_v it_o with_o the_o side_n so_o black_v next_o to_o the_o plate_n wax_v over-lay_a the_o backside_n of_o your_o design_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o fix_v they_o both_o firm_a to_o your_o plate_n at_o each_o corner_n with_o a_o little_a wax_n then_o draw_v the_o out-line_n of_o your_o design_n only_a note_n that_o you_o must_v lean_v somewhat_o hard_o with_o your_o needle_n in_o draw_v sect._n 26._o the_o form_n of_o graving-tool_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o whet_v your_o graver_n pl._n 9_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n will_v show_v two_o sort_n of_o graving-tool_n the_o one_o form_v square_a the_o other_o lozenge_n the_o square_a graver_n make_v a_o broad_a and_o shallow_a stroke_n or_o hatch_v and_o the_o lozenge_n make_v a_o deep_a and_o narrow_a stroke_n the_o use_n of_o the_o square_a graver_n be_v to_o make_v the_o large_a stroke_n and_o the_o use_n of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o make_v the_o stroke_n more_o delicate_a and_o lively_a but_o i_o prefer_v a_o grave_a make_v of_o a_o indifferent_a size_n betwixt_o both_o these_o two_o which_o will_v make_v your_o stroke_n or_o hatch_n show_v with_o more_o life_n and_o vigour_n and_o yet_o with_o sufficient_a force_n according_a as_o you_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o your_o work_n the_o form_n of_o which_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o i._o and_o ii_o figure_n the_o iii_o figure_n show_v you_o how_o to_o whet_v the_o two_o side_n of_o your_o graver_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n follow_v you_o must_v have_v a_o very_a good_a oyl-stone_n smooth_a and_o flat_a and_o have_v pour_v a_o little_a salad_n oil_n thereupon_o take_v the_o grave_a and_o lay_v one_o side_n of_o it_o that_o which_o you_o intend_v shall_v cut_v the_o copper_n flat_a upon_o the_o stone_n whet_v that_o side_n very_o flat_a and_o even_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n to_o carry_v your_o hand_n steadfast_a and_o with_o a_o equal_a strength_n prace_v your_o forefinger_n very_o firm_a upon_o the_o opposite_a side_n of_o your_o grave_a to_o the_o end_n that_o you_o may_v guide_v it_o with_o the_o more_o exactness_n then_o turn_v the_o very_a next_o side_n of_o your_o graver_n and_o whet_v that_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a sharp_a edge_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o better_a then_o turn_v uppermost_o that_o edge_n which_o you_o have_v so_o whet_v and_o set_v the_o end_n of_o your_o graver_n oblique_o upon_o the_o stone_n carry_v your_o hand_n exact_o even_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v whet_v very_o flat_a and_o slope_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lozenge_n make_v to_o the_o edge_n a_o sharp_a point_n as_o the_o figure_n four_o show_n you_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o you_o take_v great_a care_n in_o the_o exact_a whet_n of_o your_o grave_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o you_o shall_v ever_o work_v with_o that_o neatness_n and_o curiosity_n as_o you_o desire_v if_o your_o grave_a be_v not_o very_o good_a and_o right_o whet_v i_o can_v demonstrate_v it_o so_o plain_a and_o full_o by_o figure_n and_o discourse_n as_o i_o will_v if_o you_o have_v acquaintance_n with_o a_o artist_n in_o this_o way_n you_o may_v easy_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o short_a time_n sect._n 27._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o hold_v your_o graver_n with_o other_o particular_n you_o may_v see_v also_o that_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o form_n of_o two_o graver_n with_o their_o handle_n fit_v for_o the_o whet_n they_o that_o use_v this_o art_n do_v before_o they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o common_o cut_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o knob_v or_o bowl_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o handle_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o edge_n of_o their_o grave_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o obstruct_v or_o hinder_v they_o in_o their_o grave_v as_o the_o figure_n ii_o show_n you_o for_o if_o you_o shall_v work_v upon_o a_o large_a plate_n you_o will_v find_v that_o part_n of_o your_o handle_n if_o it_o be_v not_o cut_v away_o will_v rest_v so_o upon_o the_o copper_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v the_o smooth_a and_o even_a carriage_n of_o your_o hand_n in_o make_v your_o stroke_n or_o hatch_n also_o it_o will_v cause_v your_o graver_n to_o run_v into_o the_o copper_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o you_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o manage_v it_o at_o your_o pleasure_n the_o three_o figure_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o way_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n which_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v place_v the_o knob_v or_o ball_n of_o the_o handle_n of_o your_o grave_a in_o the_o hollow_a of_o your_o hand_n and_o have_v extend_v your_o forefinger_n towards_o the_o point_n of_o your_o graver_n lay_v it_o opposite_a to_o the_o edge_n that_o shall_v cut_v the_o copper_n place_v your_o other_o finger_n on_o the_o side_n of_o your_o handle_n and_o your_o thumb_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o grave_a in_o such_o sort_n that_o you_o may_v guide_v your_o grave_a flat_a and_o parallel_n with_o the_o plate_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o four_o figure_n be_v careful_a that_o your_o finger_n do_v not_o interpose_v between_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o grave_a for_o they_o will_v be_v troublesome_a and_o hinder_v you_o in_o carry_v your_o grave_a level_n with_o the_o plate_n so_o that_o you_o can_v make_v your_o stroke_n with_o that_o freedom_n and_o neatness_n as_o otherwise_o you_o may_v this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v you_o notice_n of_o in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o skill_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n be_v that_o which_o you_o must_v first_o perfect_o learn_v and_o be_v able_a to_o practice_v without_o pain_n or_o difficulty_n or_o else_o you_o will_v not_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o readiness_n and_o command_n of_o your_o hand_n as_o be_v require_v in_o a_o accurate_a and_o skilful_a graver_n sect._n 28._o the_o mauner_n of_o govern_v your_o hand_n in_o grave_v and_o other_o particular_n have_v describe_v the_o way_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o guide_v your_o grave_a upon_o the_o plate_n in_o make_v of_o your_o stroke_n which_o be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a that_o you_o may_v work_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n and_o convenience_n you_o must_v have_v a_o strong_a round_a leather_n cushion_n fill_v with_o sand_n or_o fine_a dust_n let_v it_o be_v make_v about_o half_a a_o foot_n broad_a in_o the_o diameter_n and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n deep_a lay_v this_o upon_o a_o table_n which_o stand_v fast_o and_o firm_a then_o lay_v your_o plate_n upon_o the_o cushion_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o ii_o figure_n in_o the_o former_a section_n when_o you_o be_v to_o make_v any_o straight_a stroke_n hold_v your_o graver_n as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o former_a section_n and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o stroke_n deep_a or_o broad_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o in_o that_o place_n where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o deep_a you_o must_v press_v your_o hand_n hard_a but_o especial_o in_o make_v of_o a_o straight_a stroke_n be_v careful_a to_o hold_v your_o plate_n firm_a and_o steadfast_a upon_o the_o cushion_n and_o if_o you_o make_v any_o crooked_a or_o wind_a stroke_n then_o hold_v your_o hand_n and_o graver_n steadfast_a and_o as_o you_o work_v turn_v your_o plate_n against_o your_o grave_a for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o you_o to_o make_v any_o crooked_a or_o wind_a stroke_n with_o that_o neatness_n and_o command_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v if_o you_o do_v not_o move_v your_o plate_n and_o keep_v your_o arm_n and_o elbow_n fix_v or_o rest_v on_o the_o table_n if_o as_o you_o be_v work_v your_o graver_n happen_v to_o break_v often_o on_o the_o point_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v temper_v too_o hard_o therefore_o take_v a_o red_a hot_a charcoal_n and_o lay_v the_o end_n of_o your_o grave_a upon_o it_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v your_o graver_n to_o wax_v yellowish_a dip_v it_o in_o the_o water_n if_o your_o graver_n become_v blunt_a without_o break_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v nothing_o worth_a it_o will_v be_v convenient_a for_o you_o to_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o box_n or_o hard_a wood_n that_o after_o you_o have_v sharpen_v your_o graver_n by_o strike_v the_o point_n of_o it_o into_o the_o say_a box_n or_o hard_a wood_n you_o may_v take_v off_o all_o the_o roughness_n about_o the_o point_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o whet_v it_o upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n after_o you_o have_v grave_v part_n of_o your_o work_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o scrape_v it_o with_o a_o sharp_a edge_n of_o another_o grave_a carry_v it_o along_o even_o with_o the_o plate_n to_o take_v off_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o stroke_n but_o in_o so_o do_v take_v heed_n of_o make_v any_o new_a scratch_n in_o your_o work_n to_o the_o end_n you_o may_v better_o see_v that_o which_o be_v grave_v they_o common_o roll_v up_o close_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o black_a felt_n or_o castor_n liquor_v over_o a_o little_a with_o oyl-olive_n and_o therewith_o rub_v the_o place_n grave_v and_o if_o you_o perceive_v any_o scratch_n in_o your_o plate_n rub_v they_o out_o with_o your_o burnisher_n and_o if_o you_o have_v grave_v any_o of_o your_o stroke_n too_o deep_a you_o make_v they_o appear_v faint_a with_o rub_v they_o with_o your_o burnisher_n finis_fw-la