Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	body_n	spirit_n	water_n	4,477	5	6.7332	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58144	The earth twice shaken wonderfully, or, An analogical discourse of earthquakes its natural causes, kinds, and manifold effects : occasioned by the last of these, which happened on the eighth day of September 1692, at two of the clock in the afternoon : divided into philosophical theorems, pick'd out of many famous, modern, and ancient treatises, translated into English : with reference to that unusual one that happened in Queen Elizabeth's reign, on the same day, 8th of September 1601 ... : with an account of many stupendious and wonderful events in Germany, Italy, and other kingdoms ... / by J.D.R., French minister.	J. D. R., French minister.	1693 (1693)	Wing R37; ESTC R4234	44,661	64

especially adapted for Earthquakes So Aristotle in the forecited place says there are more and greater Earthquakes in the Night and adds ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ especially in the Morning And Pliny in the forecited place says the Morning and Evening Earthquake are very great but at the approach of day they are frequent for the heat of the day dissolves and dissipates their matter Natural cold contracts and binds it 30. The consequent effects also do Evince that the Power of Nature was present 31. For â—oâ—ses and fragors issuing out of the Caverns of Earth were heard about that time in the Neighbourhood which is a certain discovery of the Spirits and Winds agitated in the Cavities of the Earth and as it were there striving reciprocally If but a little Wind blows inâ—o a Vâ—ssel a sound and as it were a bellowing is heard One from whence may conclude what happen in so spacious Caverns as those oâ— the â—arth Hence it is that Aristole says The Spiritus maâ—es aâ—nâ—ise under the Earth as the Air being beaten up souâ—â—s variously for there is no difference between this Spiritus and the Aiâ—â— as to the effect of the sound foâ— this Spiritus verberatiâ—g upon every thing is it self verberatâ—d upon And Pliny lib. 2 cap. 8 says There goes before and accompanies them a terrible noise otheâ—wise a murmuring like to bellowing or the cry of Men and the sound fragouâ— of clashing of Arms according to the quality of the Matter receiving it and the form either of Caâ—â—n or â—uniculus through which it permeates c. 32 ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ gâ—â—at Win is have raâ—â—â— after an Earthquake when a Caâ—â— has immediately pâ—eceded it This is also witnessed by experience and by Ariâ—â—â—tle and Pliny in the forecited places that Winds ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ after an â—â—â—thquakâ—â— because those Winds which ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ beforâ— shâ—t in the Eartâ— do brake out of it into the Air. Aâ—d ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ do assert the same concerning the Calm to wit that it commonâ—y goes before an Earthquake In a Calm towards ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ â—aâ—y â—ays Aristotle there happen very many and very great Earthquakes because most of the Matter of the Winds is so restrained in the Caverns of the Earth that it cannot more the Air Yet we must not deny that even sometimes in windy Weather Earthquakes have happened because all the Matter of them doth enter into the Caverns of the Earth together And even at the time of our Earthquake about three hours before it was observed to be somewhat râ—en and I will not here make any tedious dispute with Geor. Agric. who says lib 4. de Naâ—ura eorum que efâ—luantâ—e terra That Aristotle when he mentions the darkness of the Sun the calmness of the Weather cold a thin Cloud extended in length did not intend to discover â—he signs of Earthquakes which Aristotle's Interpreters affirm but prove by those things which sometimes happen that Wâ—â—d is the Cause of Earthquakes But both may be asserted without â—bsurdity â—owiâ— thaâ— they are signs of Earthquakes to come and also evince that they are occasioned by Wind. But hâ—â—e we do noâ— only acknowledge Nature but joyn with it a singular force of Divine Power neither ought we to sepâ—â—â—te Divine Operations even from those that are usual and often happen seeing tâ—e very Heathens believed that there was no Earthquake tho never so small but had something Divine in it as it is testified by Gellius lib. 2. cap 28 But â—s often as the Scripture speaks of Earthquakes which is often so often do they divert our minds from the consideration of Nature alone to the acknowledgment of the Omnipotent Power of the Lord as Psal 60 2. Thou had made the Earth to tremble thou had broken it and Psal 77.19 Psal 114 4 and 7. Tremble that Earth at the presence of the Lord at the presence of the God of Jaâ—â—â— Also Psal 10.32 He looketh on the Earth and it trembleth he toucheth the Halls and they smoke Job 9.6 Which shaketh the Earth out ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ place and the Pillars thereof tremble Nahâ—m 1.5 The ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ quake at him and the Hills melt 33. But what should be the next Natural Cause of so stupendious Effects to wit so great Latitude and so great Celerity in this Earthquake This I confess is difficulte to Trace but I hope I shall have leave to enquire diligently into it 34. Which that I may do I will first set down some Principles where one may have good assurance for oâ—e Credit 35 Seeing the Earth is round like a Globe it hath Lines drawn from the Center to the Circumference 36. These Line meet nearer about the Center then at the Circumference where they are farther distant 37. Therefore the nearer any thing is the Center of the Earth the mere closely is it contracted rashing violently from thence to the Circumference 't is extended farther and occupiâ—â— mere râ—om 38. The Spiritâ—â—or Vâ—pours are sometimeâ— more deeply hid towards the Center of the Earth but sometimes and that more frequently they are generated in Caverns and Passages meatus nearâ—r the Superficies of the Earth From the general Doctrine of Earthquakes in this place I presuppose the Earth is not otherwise moved then by Winds and Spirits engendred in its Cavitieâ— thence seeking an Exitus according to the quality of their Natures I know the Ancient Philosophers before Aristotle assigned other Causes of Earthquakes whose different Opinions concerning them are recited by Plutarch lib. 3. De Placitis Philosophorum cap. 2. Seneca lib. 6. Mat. quest Cap 4. Pliny lib. 2. Cap. 79. but especially Aristotle 2 Meteor cap. 7. But amongst modern Authors Joannes Franciseus Picus Mirandula lib. 1. examinis doctinae vanitatis gentium cap. 12. among which we must reckon Nicholaus Cusanuâ— who lib. 1. de Docta ignorantia is of opinion that the Earth is neither of an Oval form nor altogether Unmovable of it self But no Opinion is more evident from Nature and Experience than Aristotle who asserts that Winds and subterraneous Spirits are the Causeâ— of Earthquakes for the heaviest Bodies are only to be moved by that which hath the strongest Power to move But among all inferiour Beings the Wind or Spiritus is that which according to the qualifications of its own Nature hath in iâ— a Power more effective of Motion than any other body ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ which is expresly testified by Holy Writs when it assimilates Angels to the Winds Heb. 1.7 and many experiments do alâ—o evince it For with how great a force doth a little Gâ—n-Powdâ—â— dissâ—lvâ—d into Spirits by the heat of Fire burst out of the smallest Machines So we see the Spirit of new Wine when seething if the Fuâ—nell be stoped do penetrate the Vessels that they may break â—orth It is sufficiently known of what Power they are in our Bodies and what great Coâ—vulâ—oâ—â— Sympâ—oâ—ns and Pains they are the causes of So that Aristotle use hâ— thiâ— Example chiefly to confirm his Opinion of the Cause of Earthquake 39.

of showers faâ—â—ing onâ—â— â—t hath likewise much moisture which proceeds from the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ and â—â—re which is in it self and engenders much Spirits both wiâ—hin and without it self Neither is there any reason why any one should obâ—â—â—â— wâ—â—t Seneca says in quâ—st natâ— That no rain is so great â—s to ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ to or Weâ— tâ—e Earth above two Foot For that is not true of everâ— shower of â—ain nor of much and continued rain neither in the Superficies of thâ— Earth the only conveyance of rain into the Earth but it also is carried through the Caves of the Earth that are open and is in great plâ—â—ry infuâ—'d into the in ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Recesses of the Earth by Fountains Wells and Rivers which are increased by raiâ— 52. To which rainy Weather was added an unusual coâ—d in the Dog Days by which the Passages and Pores of it were so shut up that the Humours gathered together in the Earth could not evaporatâ— 53. And the South West wind blowed for many days together so that the Vapours accommodated for an Eâ—rthquake were enâ—â—eâ—â—d and nourished For the South Wind is warm and moist so that iâ— hath been rightly observed by Aristotle that it is apt both to excite and nourish the matter that causes an Earthquake and as the â—outh-West Wind is near in place so in temper and effect 54. Which cold Weather was presently followed by a caâ—mness and heat a little before the end of August So that the Vapoâ—â—s which had been generated by continual Rain within the Caveâ—ns of the Earth grew dry And a Vapour made warm bâ—câ—â—â—â—es a slâ—tuous And when there arise such contention between cold ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ or and heat in which the cold is neither qâ—ite overcome and consumed nor the heat is altogether conquâ—rouâ— winds are engâ—ndâ—ed Which is rightly observed by Physicians in the Bodies of Men when heâ—t acting upâ—n Phlegâ—n cannot totally consume it then are generated Wâ—nds 55. It could not be but that the Vapours contracted within the Earth by the â—pposing cold both proper to the Earth and also caused by the iâ—â—â—â—â—al Constitution of the Air should be deeply laid No otherwiâ—e tâ—an it the Spirits are more deeply concealed and constrainâ—d when the coldness of the Clouds doth resist and constrain more sâ—iffly 56. The subterraneous Fire scattered through the Cavities of the Earth so heated these Vapours shâ—t up in the Earth very deeply that it made them more subtil and more aâ—ilâ— the Caverns thrâ—ugh Europe and other places being disposed for it for the Reasâ—â—s a â—ore mentâ—oâ—eâ— That there is â—ire every where scattered through the Cavities of the Earth boâ—h the Fire which in many places breake forth out of the most prâ—found Câ—ves of the Earth doth evince as also the hot Waters or Baths which rise in many places to add nothing of the engendâ—ing of Sâ—â—phur Brimstone and other Minerals in which there is an igneous force and nature The burning of Aetna equally celebrated by Peers and Gâ—ographers is described by Soinâ—us câ—p 2 Heny the Nephew of that â—â—iâ—y by his Sister whose death the Vâ—suvian Mountain caused say lib. 2 Epict. Not long â—â—nâ—e the Island Georgia one of those isles they câ—ll the Third shaken by a dreadful Earthqâ—ake and gapâ—ng there â—ssuâ—d out some much Fâ—ame so many â—ot Stores so much Sulphâ—r and burning â—rimstones which were tâ—rown into the Air that many Houses were Buâ—nt Inhabitants destroyed Vine-yards and Gardens quite defeced But whence come so many Flames under the Earth From the dry Vapours which being so closely press'd in the Earth and from several motions and agitattions in it Fire doth necessarily Kindle For Fire says Aristotle is â—ighâ—ed smoke About the year 1541 Fire broke out of a fouâ—tain named Elisâ—um Gregor Agricola dâ—â—â— squae â—ffâ—uunt Ã¨ terrâ—lâ—b 4. pag. 152. â—nd Straâ—o Writes that so great â—â—re issued out of the Earth that some Towns were consumed and among thâ—m Sâ—dom at the Lake â—â—phaltites But we are tâ—ught better by Mâ—ses in his sacred History Moreover as our Fire whâ—â— 't is shut in is moved up and down by a various Reciprocation some doubt not buâ— suâ—teâ—raâ—â—ous â—ire is diversly excited and sometimes slies downwards â—nto the most profound Caâ—eâ—nes and sometimes â—pwarâ—s towards the highest Parts of the Earth as the â—arth is variously changed and dispoâ—ed by Heaven and the Air. 57 â—nâ— these I take to be the second Causes of that Spiâ—it which lately shooâ— the Earth so swiftly and so deeply which yet could not â—â—kâ—ly produce to unusual an Earthquake by its Natural Power alone 58. To which was added that chief and first Cause God who by an extraordinary way of aâ—â—ing wonderfully â—nerâ—â—sed the sâ—râ—â—â—th of that Spiritâ—s generaâ—ed within the Earth anâ— added one dâ—â—râ—e of force to â—t beâ—ond its own Power which Nâ—ture câ—uld no add so that this Earthquake may be reckoâ—ed not purely Naâ—ural but mixt with both as we aâ—â—erted before For ad Miracles do not exclude Nâ—ture but many include it so that they increase its force and vertue and extâ—rd it to that degree to which it could not attain unless the Aâ—n â—gâ—â—y Powâ—r ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ were superadded The Scripture doth prepose uâ—to is â—n evident Eâ—â—â—â—pâ—e of it in Sampson whose predigious strength by his bâ—ddy Tempâ—r and all his Sinews and Musâ—les were so exceedingly streng However God himself did reinforce and increase them so much that be could rent into pieces a young roaring Lion like a Kid Judg. 14.7 that he could break the strongest Cords like a Linnen-thread or Flax that he could slay a Thousand Men with the Jaw of an Aâ—s Judg. 15. That he could take the Doâ—rs of the Gates of the City and the two Posts and carry them upon his Shoulders to the tep of an Hill Judg. 16. So the Divine Power of God did increase the natural strength of David that he could overthrew this prodigious and Stronglined body Goliah with a Sâ—ing only 1 Sanâ—ud 17. To the same kind of Miracle we may refer the Example of â—lijah 1 King 19. where it is said that having eat a Cake and drank Water out of a Cruise he was so sustained that in the strength of that Meat he went forty days and forty nights unto Hereb the Mount of God There are evidences enough throughout all the Doctrines of Divines concerning the variety of Miracles their many â—orts and their ends to shew that these strengthning and reinforcing of Natural Faculties though supplied by God may fall out also on err Ages as we have observed in a few words before in the nineteenth Theorem CHAP. III. Of the Effects and Presages 59. ALthough those things which happen contrary to Nature have not an end properly and perse out of Nature yet they have their effects presages and portentaâ— When Earthquake happâ—ns besides its Nature it cannot have an end properly and pâ—â—se in respect of the Earth For the end of every thing is according to its Nature 2. Phys 3. But in respect

which are seldom shaken because they commonly have Caverns as iâ— observed in Germany and France as Georg. Agricol lib. 4. de effluentibus â—â—terra observes But Constantinople and Basill in that part that borders on the Sâ—a or a great River are examples of this the one of which of all the European and the other of all the German Cities is most infested with Earthquakes as we shewed before of Constantinople out of Agathias's History but Procopious plainly attests that Constantinoâ—le shook for forty days together in the year 554. and in the year 740. it was shaken twelve months together beginning on the 7th of November as is noted among others by Funccius But in later Ages evea in our own and Fathers memory we have heard of frequent Earthquakes in that City which was felt by A. Gilpin Busbequiuâ— among others and writ by him in the Epistles of his Turkish Embassy And Stumpsius and others have writ how often and grievously Basill hath been shaken Benedictus Arretius in the aforesaid Problem reckons up ten times that Basill was shâ—ken with great danger and loss in the space of 800 Years In the Years 801 824 829 1021. when the whole City was almost destroyed the Chuâ—ch with many Houses being thrown into the Rhine And again in the Year 1062 when a grievous Plague ensued upon the Earthquakes again in the Year 1356 on the 18th of October it shook ten times about Evening so that the Church Walls Towers and a great part of the City being destroyed by it there were a 100 Men killed Stumpsius says Liv. 12. cap. 28. That the Earthquake continued all that year and that Basill shook ten times in an hour In the following Year 1357. there happened another also in the Year 1444. as likewise in the Year 1456. it shook again but in the Year 1533. most terribly as we read in Munster not without great Commotion of Mind The laâ—e Earâ—hquake was not a little perceived at Basill And Mentz hath sometimes been dâ—ngerously shaken by Earthquakes and that thrice between the Year 855 and 880. and the first time the Walls and the Church of Vrban fell down Constance also by the Lake of the Rhine trembled nineteen times the same day in the Year 1295. The People of Strasburg often ran to their Tents out of the City by reason of the danger they were under from an Earthquake especially in the Year 1357. But I think there is no City upon the Rhine or in Germany that is more frequently or dangerously shaken than Basill the reason whereof a Traveller seriously thought when he was viewing its Scituation than which a more pleasant one he never had seen nor was like to see and he thus considered with himself that the Cause of so great and so many Earthquake in that place was partly common with other Cities seated by Rivers and partly proper and peculiar to that place The common Cause is that the River passing by the City makes the Earth chinky and then pours in Water into those Caverns it hath made which deeply penetrating the Earth engenders Vapours which being obstructed by the cold of the Water ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ cannot evaporate but being kept within the Earth longer time and varicusly agitated are turned into blasts and winds adapted for Earthquakes but the peculiar and proper Cause of Earthquakes in that City is first because the Rhine is there narrower and more contracted and being thus imprisonned seeing it cannot overflow the Banks it is carried more impetuously the force of the Water being contracted within it self and as it were by undermining it makes the deepest places of the Channel and Banks hollow and more cavernous than in other places so that more Vapours are apt to be generated and tarry there where they sind a receptacle being also enclosed and shut in by the cold of the Water or River Another Cause is the many Dens and Caverns that are in a high Hill by the Rhine adapted for the reception of Vapours the Passage of which is easie and plain through the Pores of the Earth leading to the Rhine To which may be added that this Hill scituate on the Rhine whereon a great part of the City is built hath every where a solid Superficies which is stony so that many Vapours being engendred by the River flowing by and imprisonned within the porous and cavernous Earth cannot conveniently exhale through those ways which they naturally seek but being denied a passage and collected and coarcted by their striâ—e and reciprocation and so gathering strength by their heat and â—aâ—ity they impetuously invade and shake that which hinders them from above Lastly 'T is probable there is much Subterraneous fire where Basill stands or not far from thence as there is at Baden which is distant but one days Journey from Basill where there are many and great Bâ—ths as is usual in such places Exhaltations sallying out of the Earth even under the Waters of Limage that flows by it which grows hot at the bottom by the Subterraneous Exhalations as is often selft by those that go naked into that River Moreover reason it self discovers and the examples of flames often breaking out in an Earthquake testifie what great power Subterraneous fires have to move the Earth if they be shut up within the Earth So that Geor. Agricol truly says lib. 2. de ortu cau Subter pag. 27. That hot places and where there are many hot Vapours are obnoxious to Earthquakes because Subterraneous fire is apt to beget a quantity of smoaky Exhalations sooner than a little heat Yet Baden that hath so much Subterraneous fire is seldom shaken which is because the Exhalations there break out in great quantity through the looser and thinner Superficies of the Earth in regular Ways and convenient to their Nature And if the Superficies of the Earth were so dispos'd at Basill that the hot Water which are perhaps in the Earth could have a passage and sâ—lly into the open Air their Vapours would exhale in a suitable way and would be a certain remedy against frequent and dangerous Earthquakes Which since nature hath denied perhaps it might be effected by Art by every where digging and opening Caves towards the City which might exhale the preconceived Spiritus which is observed in some Towns which are seldom shaken having some Caves digged to make a passage for the Water which remedy Pliny prescribes lib. 2. cap. 82. But I hope God who hath vouchsafed to commit the heavenly Doctrine and Academy as a precious pledge and gage to it will hereafter preserve that remarkable City from those grievous Concusions whereby Cities use to be destroyed 4. What credit may one give to the Relation of Plato of the Island Atlantis drowned by an Earthquake Pliny lib. 2. cap. 9. where he says an Earthquake took away all the Ground where Atlantick Sea is if we credit Plato Which relation of Plato's that Pliny hints at is extant in Timeus where

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