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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69834	Galen's art of physick ... translated into English, and largely commented on : together with convenient medicines for all particular distempers of the parts, a description of the complexions, their conditions, and what diet and exercise is fittest for them / by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ...; Technē iatrikē. English	Galen.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.	1652 (1652)	Wing C7517; Wing G159; ESTC R22670	55,815	130

Galen's Art Of PHYSICK Proemium CHAP. I. ALL the order and Method of Physick so far as concerns Order may be reduced to these three Heads 1. The first consists in Notion which is done by Resolution 2. The Second consists in Composition of those things which are found out by this Resolution And 3. The Third of the Dissolution of Definition This Third contains not only the Dissolution of Definition or defining Diseases but also an explication Resolution Division Explanation or Exposition upon them this is the Basis of our Work at this time and indeed this laies down the Way and Order to the whol Practice of Physick and truly excels the other two as much as the Light of the Sun doth the Light of the Moon and we have drawn it into a very short Compendium that so we may benefit your Judgment and not burden your Memory we have devided it into an hundred Chapters whereof this is the first each of the rest contain easie Rules of Definition yea so easie that a Child of seven yee●s old may understand them and so short that they will not be burdensom to the weakest Memory and although some of the Chapters be very short yet they contain very necessary Rules distinct f●om the rest and he knows nothing that knows not this That Order and Method help the Memory much But put all the Chapters together and they compleatly contain the Definition and Explanation of the whol Art for from these do all Diseases arise and in these doth the very Essence of Physick consist As for the Contemplative part of Physick that hath been largely pe●formed by us in many Treatises which any that pleaseth may make use of We come now to the matter it self only we desire you to take notice that these Heads are more largely discoursed of here and there in other of our Treatises only we drew them up here in this form to satisfie the desires and inform the Judgments of such as intend to study Physick CHAP. 2. What Medicine is MEdicine is the Knowledg of things Healthful not Healthful and Neutral This Definition is nothing else than if you should say Medicine is the Knowledg of things belonging to the Sick 't is not one whit more nor less The Name of the Science which is Medicine is common and can in no wise be taken in a proper sence but things healthful unhealthful and neutral carry each of them a threefold signification viz. As a Body as a Cause and as a Sign For 1. A Body which naturally is apt to live in health and a Cause which is able to effect this and to preserve it being effected and a Sign which is able to s●ew and indicate which way this is to be done all these the Grecians customarily call things healthful 2. The Body surprized and seized by a Disease the Cause which causeth and continueth this Disease and the Indications or Signs which give testimony what this Disease is they also term things unhealthfull 3. In things Neutral they are guided by the same Rules of which we shall speak more in the Third and Sixt Chapters And here we must also make a difference between Science and Action or if you will between the Theorical and Practical part of Medicine For 1. The Theory regards first the Cause of things Healthful then of things Unhealthful Lastly o● things Neutral After this of Bodies first Healthful then Unhealthful and in the last place Neutrals and it walks by the same Rules in Signs or Indications But 2. In Actions or Practice The knowledg of the Body is the first thing which is minded and this is found out by the Signs and the last search in respect of time is after the Cause CHAP. 3. How many several waies A Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body to receive BUt s●eing that a Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body receive two waies 1. Simply 2. According to time We must know that the Art of Medicine comprehends them both Simply they do it two waies viz. Alwaies and for the most part both these the Art of Medicine handles But as for things Neutral they are to be considered both in respect of Body Cause and Sign and in those both Simply and according to time under a threefold Consideration and the Reason is because things Neutral partake of Contraries somtimes of one somtimes of the other and somtimes of both together and this last is twofold for somtimes it participates of contraries equally somtimes of one more than another There is in all this Definition if we dilligently heed the words a certain doubtfulness or ambiguity which knot ought to be unloosed that so all things may be made cleer and we may not seem instead of teaching people to lead them into ignorance as the Colledg of Physitians doth and that we may so do we will devide the business and speak of them all particularly We told you Medicine was the exact Knowledg of things Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral and each of these to be considered as a Body as a Sign as a Cause we shall now address our selves to handle 1. Such Bodies as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 2. Such Signs as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 3. Such Causes as are Healthful● Unhealthful and Neutral In all these we shall be both as brief and withal as plain as we can CHAP. 4. Of Healthful Bodies 1. A Body is Simply said to be healthful when it is in good natural temper when the seven Natural things viz. Spirits Elements Complexions Humors Members Vertues Operations keep a good decorum then is a Body Simply said to be in Health 2. A Body in Health according to time is taken not according to the Natural inclination of the Body as the former was but when it is in such a Natural temper as we shewed before only for the time being the former is proper to the Body this but accidental Thus Galen Culpepers Comment I shall here explain a little Galens meaning in those words of his Seven Natural Things 1. Spirit Taken in a Physical sence is an airy substance very subtil and quick dispersed throughout the Body from the Brain Heart and Liver by the Nerves Arteries and Veins by which the powers of the Body are stirred up to perform their Office and Operation 2. An Element is a Body pure simple unmixed from which all Natural things have their Original they are held to be in number four Fire Air Water Earth their Operations are Active as heat and cold Passive as driness and moisture 3. Complexions are the Operations of these Elements upon Mans Body as when the Fire prevails the body is Chollerick when the Air he is Sanguine when the Wa●er he is Flegmatick when the Earth he is Melancholl● 4. Humors are 1. ●holler whose Receptacle is the Gall 2. Blood whose Seat is the Liver 3. Flegm placed in the Lungs 4. Melancholly

remains Culpeper Although I love Brevity with all my heart yet me●●inks Galen is a little too concise in this I shall there●ore give my Supplement but before I give it take a Caution or two 1. Complexion or Temperature of Body is better judged by an Argument à priore than by an Argument ●posteriore from the Nativity than from Effects of 〈◊〉 for Forraign Climates and Sickness alter the colour 2. The Conditions may be altered from bad to good 1. By Nature 2. By the God of Nature By Nature when a Fortune is Lord of the Nativity By the God of Nature when Grace works above Nature 3. Dreams may be altered diverse waies 1. By inordinate studying after or thinking of a thing for then the Apprehension follows the same tract even in sleep 2. By a corrupt Humor in the Stomach for be the Complexion Chollerick yet if a Melancholly Humor afflict the Stomach the Dreams will rather be of Frighting than of Fighting 3. False Dreams may happen by the Illusions of evil Spirits 4. True Dreams may be caused by the Revelation of good Angels 5. Variety of Food somtimes varieth the colour of the Excrements of the Belly These be the Cautions and according to these Cautions so understand these following Rules which you shall find Martialled in this order 1. Of the Complexions Simple 2. Of the Complexions Commixed In each what Diet and Exercise is fittest for them Sanguine Complexion Description A Man or Woman in whose Body heat and moisture abounds is said to be Sanguine of Complexion such are usually of a middle Stature strong composed Bodies Fleshy but not Fat great Veins smooth Skins hot and moist in feeling their Body is Hairy if they be Men they have soon Beards if they be Women it were rediculous to expect it there is a redness intermingled with white in their Cheeks their Hair is usually of a blackish brown yet somtimes flaxed their Appetite is good their Digestion quick their Urine yellowish and thick the Excrements of their Bowels reddish and firm their Pulse great and full they dream usually of red things and merry conceits Conditions As for their Conditions they are merry cheerful Creatures bounteful pitiful merciful courteous bold trusty given much to the games of Venus as though they had been an Apprentice seven yeers to the Trade a little thing will make them weep but so soon as 't is over no further grief sticks to their Hearts Diet and Exercise fitting They need not be very scrupulous in the quality of their Diet provided they exceed not in quantity because the Digestive Vertue is so strong Excess in small Beer engendreth clammy and sweet Flegm in such Complexions which by stopping the pores of the Body engenders Quotidian Agues the Chollick and Stone and pains in the Back Inordinate drinking of strong Beer Ale and Wine breeds hot Rhewms Scabs and Itch St. Anthonies fire Q●insies Pleuresies Inflamations Feavers and red Pimples Violent Exercise is to be avoided because it inflames the Blood and breeds one-day Feavers Chollerick Complexion Description VVE call that Man Chollerick in whose Body heat and driness abounds or is predominate such persons are usually short of Stature and not fat it may be because the heat and driness of their Bodies consumes radical moisture their Skin rough and hot in feeling and their Bodies very hairy the Hair of their Heads is yellowish red or flaxen for the most part and curls much the colour of their face is tawny or Sunburnt they have some Beards they have little hollow hazel Eyes their Concoction is very strong insomuch that they are able to digest more than they appetite their Pulse is swift and strong their Urine yellow and thin they are usually costive they dream of fighting quarrelling fire and burning Conditions As for Conditions they are naturally quick witted bold no way shame-fac'd furious hasty quarrelsom fraudulent eloqent corragious stout-hearted Creatures not given to sleep much but much given to jesting mocking and lying Diet and Exercise fit A Chollerick man is oftner hurt by much fasting and much drinking than by much eating for much fasting weakens Nature in such people and fills the Body full of Chollerick Humors and breedeth adust Humors let such eat meats hard of Digestion as Beef Pork c. and leave Danties for weaker Stomachs Moderate drinking of small Beer doth him good for it cools the fiery heat of his Nature moistneth the Body which is dryed by the heat of his Complexion and relieves radical moisture but let a man of such a Complexion fly from Wine and strong Beer as fast as he would fly from a Dragon for they inflame the Liver and breed burning and hectick Feavers Choller and hot Dropsies and bring a man to his Grave in the prime of his Age Much Exercise is likewise bad for Chollerick People and b●eeds Inslamation and adustion of Blood the yellow Jaundice Consumptions Feavers Costiveness and Agues Melancholly Complexion Description A Melancholly person is one whose Body cold and driness is predominate and not such a one as is sad somtimes as the vulgar dream they are usually slender and not very tall of swa●thy duskish colour rough Skin cold and hard in feeling they have very little Hair on their Bodies and are long without Beards and somtimes they are Beardless in age the Hair of their Heads is dusky brown usually and somtimes duskie flaxen their appetite is far better than their concoction usually by reason appetite is caused of a sowr vapor sent up by the Spleen which is the Seat of Melancholly to the Stomach their Urine is pale their dung of a clayish colour and broken their Pulse slow they dream of frightful things black darkness and terrible businesses Conditions They are naturally Covetous Self-lovers Cowards afraid of their own Shadows fearful careful solitary lumpish unsociable delighting to be alone st●bborn ambitious Envious of a deep cogitation obstinate in Opinion mistrustful suspicious spiteful sq●emish and yet slovenly they retain Anger long and aim at no smal things Diet and Exercise fitting By all means let Melancholly Men avoid excess both in eating and drinking let them avoid all meats hard of digestion especially such as are Students or lead a Sedentary life let them use meats that are light of digestion and drink often at meat Excess either in meat or strong liquor causeth crudities and rawness at the Stomach Idle and strange imaginatious and fancies a stinking Breath Headach Toothach forgetfulness shortness of breath Consumptions Phtisicks third day Agues the Chollick and Illiack passions and Dropsies Much Exercise is very profitable for such not only because it helpeth digestion but also because it destributeth the Vital Spirit throughout the Body and consumeth those superfluous Vapors by insensible Transpiration which causeth those idle fancies and imaginations in men Flegmatick Complexion Description SUch People in whom coldness with moisture abounds are called Flegmatick yet are usually not very tall but very fat some you

can and now and then between whiles learn to scratch his Head with a pair of wiser Nails Lastly Such as have any wit in their Heads may hereby come to all the judgment of Urine that I as yet know of or where it grows But after a long degression I return to my Author whom I left at Chap. 60. Signs of a dry Stomach THe Indications of the Stomach when it is dryer than Naturally it ought to be are If the par●● be very thirsty and is sufficed by a little Drink but burdened if he drink much he spits much and he delights in dry Meats Imagine meats roasted till they are burned burned crusts of Bread and the like Culpeper Things Medicinal for a dry Stomach are Syrup of Violets Violet Leaves and Strawberry Leaves Barberries Lettice Purslane Roses Apples Cherries Strawberries Water-Lillies Orrenges Lemmons Cucumers Prunes Tamarinds with many other things which you may find in my English Physitian Chap. 61. Of a moist Stomach IF the Stomach be moister than it ought to be the man is seldom a thirst yet will the Stomach endure much moisture and takes delight only in moist meats Culpeper Simples Medicinal are Galanga Cinnamon Pomegranate Pills Mastich Wormwood Mints Mother of time Sage Rosemary Flowers Cloves Nutmegs Annis seeds Cardamoms Pepper If the Stomach be too moist be sure that party hath little Appetite to his Victuals in such a case take Cinnamon Galanga Cloves Pomegranate Pills of each a like quantity beat them to Pouder and let the sick take half a dram every morning in any convenient Liquor Chap. 62. Signs of a hot Stomach IF the Stomach be hot it digests faster than the Appetite calls for food nay it usually makes a better shift with Meats hard of digestion than it doth with those that are easie because it is subject to corrupt meats lights of Digestion it rejoyceth in hot Meats and Drinks neither is it hurt by such as are cold if they be moderately taken Culpeper It is to be supposed that Galen speaks here of the Stomach Naturally hot not distempered by heat for then driness must of necessity be joyned with it and indeed the Stomach is the Cook-room of the Body and it cannot well have too great a fire in it unless you ●ire the House or the Chimney I mean cause an Inflamation in the Stomach or the Throat I shall only give this Caution Let such accustom their Bodies to meats hard of digestion as Beef Pork Cheese Herrings Salt-fish c. Chap. 63. Signs of a cold Stomach THe Stomach that is cold by Nature hath a very quick Appetite I suppose because that which causeth the Appetite comes from the Spleen but alas-a-day when it hath satisfied Appetite the digestive faculty is not at home or else 't is so feeble 't is not able to do it's Office and yet their misery is such they usually desire meats not easie to be digested and therefore they are alwaies troubled with sowr belchings they cannot endure cold things should outwardly be applied to their Stomachs neither indeed can such as have hot Stomachs endure hot things should be applied to that Region but those distempers which seize the Stomach by reason of some Disease differ from those that are Natural for the Stomach diseased desires its contrary inwardly viz. if it be hot it desires cold things but when the heat is Natural it desires its like Culpeper A Stomach naturally cold for I told you before that was Galens meaning and I assure you I translated him at first sight I say if the Stomach be naturally cold your best way is to warm it a little you may do it by taking a dram of London Treacle every morning or a little Mithridate or Diagalanga Aromaticum Cariophylatum c. or by eating a little green Ginger As for Simples you may take the Roots of Fennel Calamus Aromaticus Avens Galanga Ginger the Leaves of Wormwood Fennel Mints Sage mother of time Squinanth Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Annis Seeds Cardamoms Pepper c. the Leaves of Bawm and Carduus Chap. 64. Of ill Temperatures commixed in the Stomach IF you fear a Commixture of Distemperatures in your Stomach compare them with the Simple tempers and you may easily find out what they be neither would I have you mind the Stomach alone but also other parts of the Body for 't is not the Stomach alone which makes men thirsty but somtimes the Heart or Lungues which by drawing in air that is too hot and retaining it long cause heat in the Breast and such desire drink no less than such whose Stomach is too hot but you may distinguish it thus If the Breast be too hot the thirst is not ●laid by drinking and less quenched by drinking cold drink than by drinking hot also the Breathing in of cold air easeth such whose Breast is hot but doth no good at all to such whose Stomach is hot by these notes then you may distingnish them Chap. 65. Signs of cold Lungs THis is the greatest Indication of the coldness of the Lungs when you feel a manifest pain offence and coldnss at your Breast by drawing in cold air also a warm air is frindly to them and causeth them to cough up their Excrements with more ease Culpeper Things which heat the Lungs are Alicampane Liquoris Juyce of Liquoris Lohoch of Fox Lungs Bettony Hysop Bawm Scabious maiden Hair the Flowers and Conserves of these together with Compositions made of them also Juniper Berries sweet Almonds Hazel Nuts Figs Dates Raisons of the Sun Nettle Seeds c. Chap. 66. Signs of dry Lungs WHen the Lungs are dry they want Excrements to wit Flegm Spittle and as moisture of the Lungs causeth an obscure Voice so driness of the same causeth a cleer voice and when they strain to speak vehemently or acutely then Excrements come from the Nose or Mouth from which soever they come they come from the Lungs Culpeper If you find your Lungs be too dry you may moisten them with Medicines but be sure they be such Medicines as strengthen them also be not too busie fiddle-faddling with your own Bodies 't is an easier matter for you to make your selves sick than well yet I say if you manifestly find your Lungs too dry and find your selves withal prejudiced in health by it thus you may moisten them viz. by taking Lohoch Sa●um now and then with a Liquoris stick as also Syrup of Violets Poppies and Coltsfoot Simples Medicinal are the Seeds of white Poppies Jujubes Sebestens Strawberry Leaves Violet Leaves and Flowers c. Chap. 67. Of the Voyce YEt would I have you understand that greatness of the Voice comes not altogether from heat neither doth smalness of it in like manner from cold but greatness of the Voyce comes somtimes from the largeness of the Windpipe and smalness of Voice from its straitness therefore if you would judg by the voice you ought withal to regard the natural temper Chap. 68. Of a cleer and

which keeps his Court in the Spleen Thus you see how Elements Complexions and Humors are subservient the one to other even as the Spirit Soul and Body are if we may reason a minore ad ma●u● in the Microcosm 5. Me●b●●s or Limbs are Simple or Compound Principal or Subservient First Simple Members are 1. Bones 2. Cartilages 3. Ligaments 4. Veins 5. Arteries 6. Nerves 7. Tendons 8. Panides 9. Fat 10. Flesh 11. Skin Secondly Compound Members are 1. Head 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Lungs 5. Legs 6. Arms 7. Hands Thirdly Principal Members are 1. Brain 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Testicles Fourthly Members Subservient are 1. Nerves to carry the Animal Spirit 2. Arteries to carry the Vital Spirit 3. Veins to carry the Natural Spirit 4. Spermatick Vessels to carry the Procreative Spirit 6. Vertues are that whereby these act the Body and they are Vital Natural and Animal I forbear writing of them there being a Treatise of them Astrologo Physically handled by me already at the latter end of my Ephemeris for 1651. 7. Operations of these upon the Body of man are First The Animal Vertue causeth 1. Imagination Apprehension Fancy Opinion Consent c. in the two former Ventricles of the Brain 2. Judgment Esteem Reason Resolution Disposing Discerning in the middle Ventricle of the Brain 3. Calling to mind what is to come Remembrance of what is past in the hinder Ventricle of the Brain Secondly The Vital Vertue moveth 1. Joy Hope Mirth Singing by dilating the Heart 2. Sadness Sorrow Fear Sighing c. by compressing the Heart Thirdly The Natural Vertue 1. Altereth Food into Chyle Chyle into Blood and Humors Blood into Flesh 2. Joyneth formeth ingendreth encreaseth and nourisheth the Body of Man And now you see what Galen intends by a Healthful Body namely such a one where all these keep a good and orderly decorum CHAP. 5. Of a Body Vnhealtbful 1. A Body is simply unhealthful which is born mutilated by Nature as wanting some Members or some Operations or sences that is not perfect in respect of those Seven Natural things before mentioned as that cannot See Hear or Smel or is a Fool c. 2. According to time a Body is unhealthful that is at present sick in Body or distemper'd in mind or his Body broken or bruised in any part of it whether internal or external that hath an accidental distemper in any of the seven Natural things This is so cleer it needs no Comment CHAP. 6. Of a Body Neutral THis as we told you before carries a threefold signification 1. As things partake of either extremety swerving from the Rules of Healthfulness 2. As they partake of both of them together equally 3. As somtimes the one exceeds somtimes the other in resp●ect of time 1. Taken in the first Sence it is an exquisite medium between healthful and unhealthful Bodies And that First Naturally or Simply as many people are born of unhealthful or sickly Constitutions so that the Nativity as a cause produceth such an effect in every age Secondly According to time when the Body is neither perfectly in Health nor yet sick such a one as the proverb saith Is neither sick enough to lie in Bed nor well enough to follow his Imployment 2. Taken in the Second Sence A Neutral Body is such a Body as partakes of diverse contrary qualities either in one part of the Body or in diverse when there is an opposition between them and this concerns either the Formation of the Body or the Endowments of the mind or temperature of the parts when one contrary appears healthful the other unhealthful and this also 1. As it appears generally in al the ages of the Life 2. As it appears but particularly at some certain times 3. Taken in the third Sence it is when the ages of a mans Life Differ in respect of Health and Sickness as a man may be healthful in his Childhood and unhealthful in his youth and the contrary viz. sickly in his infancy and healthful in Youth c. Culpepers Comment The First of these needs no explanation the other two are somthing Obscure as in the second Galen saith a man may partake of contrary qualities in the formation of the Body Viz. A man may have a H●ad too big and feet as much too little a man may have a Nose exceeding the common bigness and Eyes as much less than the common proportion and the like 2. In the Endowments of mind as thus A man may have a very good Apprehension yet a bad Memory a man may have very good Judgment in ordering a Battel and yet be a Coward 3. In the temperature of the parts the Liver may be ●oo hot and yet the Brain too cold you may understand the rest by these examples which are sufficient to explain Galens meaning To the third When the Ages of a mans Life differ in respect of health and sickness saith Galen which is no more than thus to give you one example A Childs Body or any part thereof may be too hot by reason of sucking a Chollerick Woman in youth either the whol Body or the same part of it may be too cold imagine the Liver Brain or the like it may be too hot in Manhood too cold in Age or the contrary to these Thus much for Bodies we come now to unfold the Signs CHAP. 7. Of SIGNS OF these some indicate present health others proclaim health to come a third sort put us in mind of health past In the same manner likewise some unhealthful Signs shew present Sickness others give fair warning that sickness is coming other indications call to our remembrance the sickness past Imagine the like by Neutrals some shew a present Neutral condition foreshew it coming call it to mind being past and shew a disposition as well healthful as sickly The use of the First and Second of these is admirable the last is not so absolutely useful And thus have we shewed you what Signs are we come to treat of them particularly CHAP. 8. Signs of a very good Constitution OF these some are deduced from the Reason or Essential Cause thereof or from necessary consequen which follow such operations and cases of which the first are called Essential the othe● Accidental Such as are Essentially of good Constitution are such in whose Bodies heat coldness driness and moisture are equally tempered the Instruments of the Bodie are composed in every part of due bigness number place and Formation Culpeper I shall here for the benefit of yong Students intermix my Comment with the Text Whereas Galen saith a good Constitution consists of heat cold driness and moisture equally tempered you must not imagine they are so all over the Body but according to place for the Heart is and should be hotter than the Brain c. but each part exceeds not its due proportion in these the Brain is not hotter colder drier nor moister than it should be judg so by the Heart