Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
fire_n body_n earth_n element_n 4,634 5 9.8975 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28982 A free enquiry into the vulgarly receiv'd notion of nature made in an essay address'd to a friend / by R.B., Fellow of the Royal Society. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1686 (1686) Wing B3979; ESTC R11778 140,528 442

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so_o curious_o contrive_v as_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o become_v the_o seed_n or_o seminal_a principle_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n and_o i_o further_o conceive_v that_o he_o settle_v such_o law_n or_o rule_n of_o local_a motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universal_a matter_n that_o by_o his_o ordinary_a and_o preserve_a concourse_n the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n thus_o once_o complete_v shall_v be_v able_a to_o maintain_v the_o great_a construction_n or_o system_v and_o oeconomy_n of_o the_o mundane_a body_n and_o propagate_v the_o species_n of_o live_v creature_n so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o suppose_v no_o other_o efficient_a of_o the_o universe_n but_o god_n himself_o who_o almighty_a power_n still_o accompany_v with_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n do_v at_o first_o frame_v the_o corporeal_a world_n according_a to_o the_o divine_a idea_n which_o he_o have_v as_o well_o most_o free_o as_o most_o wise_o determine_v to_o conform_v they_o to_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o mistake_n to_o imagine_v as_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o do_v that_o what_o be_v call_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o or_o that_o body_n be_v whole_o comprise_v in_o its_o own_o matter_n and_o its_o i_o say_v not_o substantial_a but_o essential_a form_n as_o if_o from_o that_o or_o these_o only_a all_o its_o operation_n must_v flow_v for_o a_o individual_a body_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o encompass_v with_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o great_a automaton_n needs_o the_o assistance_n or_o concourse_n of_o other_o body_n which_o be_v external_a agent_n to_o perform_v divers_a of_o its_o operation_n and_o exhibit_v several_a phaenomena_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o this_o will_v quick_o and_o manifest_o appear_v if_o for_o instance_n a_o animal_n or_o a_o herb_n can_v be_v remove_v into_o those_o imaginary_a space_n the_o schoolman_n tell_v we_o of_o beyond_o the_o world_n or_o into_o such_o a_o place_n as_o the_o epicurean_o fancy_v their_o intermundia_n or_o empty_a interval_n between_o those_o numerous_a world_n their_o master_n dream_v of_o for_o whatever_o the_o structure_n of_o these_o live_a engine_n be_v they_o will_v as_o little_o without_o the_o co-operation_n of_o external_a agent_n such_o as_o the_o sun_n aether_n air_n etc._n etc._n be_v able_a to_o exercise_v their_o function_n as_o the_o great_a mill_n common_o use_v with_o we_o will_v be_v to_o grind_v corn_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o wind_n or_o run_a water_n which_o may_v be_v think_v the_o more_o credible_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o by_o the_o mere_a exclusion_n of_o the_o air_n though_o not_o of_o light_n or_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la etc._n etc._n procure_v by_o the_o air-pump_n body_n place_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a large_a glass_n will_v present_o come_v into_o so_o differ_v a_o state_n that_o warm_a animal_n can_v live_v in_o it_o nor_o flame_n though_o of_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n burn_v nor_o syringe_n draw_v up_o water_n nor_o bee_n or_o such_o wing_a infect_v fly_v nor_o caterpillar_n crawl_v nay_o nor_o fire_n run_v along_o a_o train_n of_o dry_a gunpowder_n all_o which_o i_o speak_v upon_o my_o own_o experience_n according_a to_o the_o forego_n hypothesis_n i_o consider_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n already_o make_v as_o a_o great_a and_o if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v pregnant_a automaton_n that_o like_o a_o woman_n with_o twin_n in_o her_o womb_n or_o a_o ship_n furnish_v with_o pump_n ordnance_n etc._n etc._n be_v such_o a_o engine_n as_o comprise_v or_o consist_v of_o several_a lesser_a engine_n and_o this_o compound_v machine_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n free_o establish_v and_o still_o maintain_v by_o god_n among_o its_o part_n i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o complex_n principle_n whence_o result_v the_o settle_a order_n or_o course_n of_o thing_n corporeal_a and_o that_o which_o happen_v according_a to_o this_o course_n may_v general_o speak_v be_v say_v to_o come_v to_o pass_v according_a to_o nature_n or_o to_o be_v do_v by_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o thwart_v this_o order_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n and_o indeed_o though_o man_n talk_v of_o nature_n as_o they_o please_v yet_o whatever_o be_v do_v among_o thing_n inanimate_a which_o make_v incomparable_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v real_o do_v but_o by_o particular_a body_n act_v on_o one_o another_o by_o local_a motion_n modify_v by_o the_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o patient_n and_o of_o those_o other_o body_n that_o necessary_o concur_v to_o the_o effect_n or_o the_o phaenomenon_n produce_v n._n b._n those_o that_o do_v not_o relish_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o opinion_n and_o right_n of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n and_o heathen_n may_v pass_v on_o to_o the_o next_o or_o v._o section_n and_o skip_v the_o whole_a follow_a excursion_n comprise_v between_o double_a paratheses_n which_o though_o neither_o impertinent_a nor_o useless_a to_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o treatise_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o it_o in_o the_o forego_n iii_o section_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o hope_v i_o have_v give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o my_o backwardness_n to_o make_v frequent_a use_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n and_o now_o in_o this_o iu_o section_n have_v lay_v down_o such_o a_o description_n of_o nature_n as_o show_v that_o her_o votary_n represent_v she_o as_o a_o goddess_n or_o at_o least_o a_o semi-deity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o declare_v some_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o dissatisfaction_n with_o the_o notion_n or_o thing_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o name_n and_o to_o show_v why_o i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o comply_v with_o those_o many_o that_o will_v impose_v it_o upon_o we_o as_o very_o friendly_a to_o religion_n and_o these_o reason_n i_o shall_v the_o rather_o propose_v because_o not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o learned_a man_n as_o i_o just_a now_o intimate_v but_o that_o of_o divine_n themselves_o for_o want_v of_o information_n or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v well_o consider_v so_o weighty_a a_o matter_n to_o manifest_v therefore_o the_o malevolent_a aspect_n that_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n of_o nature_n have_v have_v and_o therefore_o possible_o may_v have_v on_o religion_n i_o think_v fit_a in_o a_o general_a way_n to_o premise_v what_o thing_n they_o be_v which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v be_v the_o fundamental_a error_n that_o mislead_v the_o heathen_a world_n as_o well_o philosopher_n as_o other_o for_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o looking_z upon_o mere_o corporeal_a and_o oftentimes_o inanimate_a thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o life_n sense_n and_o understanding_n and_o the_o ascribe_v to_o nature_n and_o some_o other_o being_n whether_o real_a or_o imaginary_a thing_n that_o belong_v but_o to_o god_n have_v be_v some_o if_o not_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o the_o polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n of_o the_o gentile_n the_o most_o ancient_a idolatry_n take_v the_o word_n in_o its_o laxer_n sense_n or_o at_o least_o one_o of_o the_o early_a seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o celestial_a light_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n that_o kind_n of_o aboda_n zara_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o jewish_a writer_n call_v strange_a or_o false_a worship_n be_v the_o most_o natural_a as_o have_v for_o its_o object_n glorious_a body_n immortal_a always_o regular_o move_v and_o very_o beneficial_a to_o men._n there_o be_v record_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n a_o passage_n of_o job_n who_o be_v probable_o repute_v to_o be_v at_o least_o as_o ancient_a as_o moses_n which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o this_o worship_n of_o the_o two_o great_a luminary_n be_v
the_o chaos_n whilst_o the_o body_n that_o compose_v it_o lay_v shuffle_v together_o and_o be_v not_o yet_o pack_v he_o say_v hanc_fw-la deus_fw-la &_o melior_fw-la litem_fw-la natura_fw-la diremit_fw-la to_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o irreligious_a error_n of_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n about_o the_o divinity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o some_o of_o its_o principal_a part_n as_o the_o sun_n moon_n star_n aether_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v add_v a_o redargution_n of_o they_o if_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a in_o this_o place_n solemn_o to_o refute_v opinion_n some_o of_o which_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a and_o other_o very_o improbable_a those_o greek_a and_o latin_a philosopher_n that_o hold_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v a_o fire_n be_v much_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o find_v out_o fuel_n to_o maintain_v the_o flame_n but_o those_o zabian_o and_o chaldean_n that_o think_v he_o endow_v not_o only_o with_o a_o live_a soul_n but_o with_o understanding_n and_o will_n must_v if_o they_o have_v due_o consider_v thing_n have_v be_v much_o more_o puzzle_v to_o find_v not_o only_a food_n for_o so_o vast_a a_o body_n above_o 160_o time_n big_a than_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n but_o to_o find_v in_o he_o the_o organ_n necessary_a to_o the_o preparation_n and_o digestion_n of_o that_o food_n and_o to_o the_o other_o function_n that_o belong_v to_o animal-nutrition_a and_o if_o we_o admit_v the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o way_n whereby_o the_o sun_n fix_a star_n and_o planet_n be_v generate_v will_v sufficient_o manifest_v they_o to_o be_v neither_o intelligent_a nor_o live_v body_n and_o perhaps_o i_o can_v here_o propose_v a_o quite_o other_o hypothesis_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o fuel_n of_o its_o fire_n that_o may_v be_v countenance_v by_o some_o phaenomena_n and_o experiment_n without_o make_v he_o other_o than_o a_o igneous_a and_o altogether_o inanimate_a body_n who_o flame_n need_v to_o be_v repair_v by_o fuel_n furnish_v to_o it_o near_a hand_n than_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o earth_n but_o i_o purposely_o omit_v such_o objection_n against_o the_o opinion_n i_o oppose_v as_o though_o draw_v from_o the_o dictate_v of_o sound_a philosophy_n about_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o thing_n may_v be_v question_v without_o be_v to_o be_v clear_v in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v also_o without_o proof_n that_o it_o be_v presume_v and_o assert_v that_o the_o celestial_a body_n new_o mention_v be_v endow_v with_o understanding_n and_o prudence_n especial_o so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o know_v the_o particular_a condition_n and_o transaction_n of_o man_n and_o hear_v and_o grant_v the_o prayer_n of_o their_o worshipper_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v one_o of_o their_o principal_a deity_n and_o by_o they_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o other_o planet_n and_o star_n the_o sun_n except_v be_v so_o rude_a and_o mountainous_a a_o body_n that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o speculative_a man_n who_o consider_v how_o many_o how_o various_a and_o how_o noble_a function_n belong_v to_o a_o sensitive_a soul_n can_v think_v a_o lump_n or_o mass_n of_o matter_n so_o very_o remote_a from_o be_v fit_o organise_v shall_v be_v animate_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o true_a live_n &_o sensitive_a soul_n i_o know_v that_o both_o these_o deifier_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o also_o the_o heathen_a disciple_n of_o aristotle_n beside_o divers_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n even_o among_o the_o christian_n say_v great_a and_o lofty_a thing_n of_o the_o quintessential_a nature_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o their_o consequent_a incorruptibility_n of_o the_o regularity_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o of_o their_o divine_a quality_n of_o light_n that_o make_v they_o refulgent_a but_o the_o persuasion_n they_o have_v of_o this_o quintessential_a nature_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o if_o i_o guess_v aright_o ground_v upon_o any_o solid_a physical_a reason_n but_o be_v entertain_v by_o they_o for_o its_o congruity_n to_o the_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o the_o divinity_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n of_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o 3._o especial_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la speak_v in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o have_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v among_o his_o follower_n to_o such_o a_o excessive_a veneration_n for_o those_o body_n as_o be_v neither_o agreeable_a to_o true_a philosophy_n nor_o friendly_a to_o true_a religion_n he_o himself_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o pythagorean_n hold_v our_o earth_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o planet_n 13._o and_o that_o it_o move_v about_o the_o sun_n which_o they_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n and_o since_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n be_v in_o the_o last_o age_n revive_v by_o copernicus_n not_o only_o those_o great_a man_n keplerus_n galileo_n and_o gassendus_fw-la but_o most_o of_o the_o best_a modern_a astronomer_n and_o beside_o des-cartes_n and_o his_o sect_n many_o other_o naturalist_n have_v embrace_v this_o hypothesis_n which_o indeed_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n not_o only_o than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n who_o be_v plain_o mistake_v about_o the_o order_n and_o consistence_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o than_o the_o ancient_n and_o general_o receive_v ptolomaick_n system_fw-la now_o suppose_v the_o terraqueous_a globe_n to_o be_v a_o planet_n he_o that_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o round_a mass_n of_o very_o heterogeneous_a substance_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o differ_a nature_n of_o its_o great_a constituent_a part_n land_n and_o sea_n who_o surface_n be_v very_o rude_a and_o uneven_a and_o its_o body_n opacous_a unless_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v enlighten_v by_o the_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n and_o so_o very_o inorganical_a for_o so_o much_o as_o nutrition_n that_o it_o seem_v whole_o unfit_a to_o be_v a_o live_a animal_n much_o less_o a_o rational_a one_o i_o say_v he_o that_o consider_v such_o thing_n will_v scarce_o be_v forward_o to_o ascribe_v understanding_n and_o providence_n much_o less_o a_o divine_a nature_n to_o the_o other_o star_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o the_o moon_n which_o our_o best_a telescope_n manifest_a to_o be_v a_o very_a craggy_a and_o mountainous_a body_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o very_o differ_v texture_n as_o appear_v by_o her_o bright_a part_n and_o permanent_a spot_n and_o which_o of_o herself_o be_v opacous_a have_v no_o manifest_a light_n but_o what_o she_o borrow_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o perhaps_o from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o boast_a immutability_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n beside_o that_o it_o may_v be_v very_o probable_o call_v in_o question_n by_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o some_o for_o i_o do_v not_o say_v every_o one_o of_o the_o comet_n that_o by_o their_o parallax_n be_v find_v to_o be_v above_o the_o moon_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o celestial_a region_n of_o the_o world_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v the_o incorruptibleness_n and_o immutability_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v more_o than_o probable_o disproveable_a by_o the_o sudden_a and_o irregular_a generation_n change_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o sudden_o destroy_v that_o i_o remember_v in_o the_o year_n 1660._o on_o the_o 8_o the_o of_o may_n have_v leave_v in_o the_o morning_n a_o spot_n who_o motion_n we_o have_v long_o observe_v through_o a_o excellent_a telescope_n with_o a_o expectation_n that_o it_o will_v last_v many_o day_n visible_a to_o we_o we_o be_v surprise_v to_o find_v that_o when_o we_o come_v to_o observe_v it_o again_o in_o the_o evening_n it_o be_v quite_o dissipate_v though_o it_o seem_v thick_a and_o by_o compare_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n we_o estimate_v the_o extent_n of_o its_o surface_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o all_o europe_n as_o to_o the_o constancy_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n if_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o know_v to_o be_v inanimate_v be_v a_o planet_n it_o move_v as_o constant_o and_o regular_o about_o the_o sun_n in_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o great_a orb_n as_o the_o other_o planet_n do_v or_o as_o the_o moon_n do_v about_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o consider_v that_o though_o we_o shall_v suppose_v our_o globe_n not_o to_o be_v a_o planet_n yet_o there_o will_v manifest_o be_v a_o constant_a motion_n and_o regular_a enough_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o since_o bate_v some_o anomali_n that_o shore_n wind_n and_o some_o other_o extrinsic_a thing_n occasion_n there_o be_v a_o regular_a ebb_a and_o flow_v twice_o a_o day_n and_o also_o spring-tide_n twice_o a_o month_n of_o that_o vast_a aggregate_v of_o water_n the_o ocean_n which_o perhaps_o be_v not_o inferior_a in_o bulk_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o whereof_o also_o vast_a tract_n be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o shine_v and_o last_o whereas_o a_o great_a proof_n of_o the_o
sword-blade_n it_o have_v be_v often_o observe_v that_o though_o if_o soon_o after_o they_o be_v bend_v the_o force_n that_o bend_v they_o be_v withdraw_v they_o will_v nimble_o return_v to_o their_o former_a straightness_n yet_o if_o they_o which_o be_v not_o the_o only_a springy_a body_n of_o which_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v be_v keep_v too_o long_o bend_v they_o will_v lose_v the_o power_n of_o recover_v their_o former_a straightness_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o crooked_a posture_n though_o the_o force_n that_o put_v they_o into_o it_o cease_v to_o act_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v nature_n easy_o forget_v the_o care_n she_o be_v presume_v to_o take_v of_o it_o at_o first_o there_o be_v a_o axiom_n that_o pass_v for_o current_n among_o learned_a man_n viz._n nullum_fw-la violentum_fw-la durabile_fw-la that_o seem_v much_o to_o favour_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o naturist_n since_o it_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o supposition_n that_o what_o be_v violent_a be_v as_o such_o contrary_a to_o nature_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n can_v last_v long_o and_o this_o trite_a sentence_n be_v by_o the_o school_n and_o even_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n so_o particular_o apply_v to_o local_a motion_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v not_o improbable_o make_v it_o the_o characteristic_a token_n whereby_o to_o distinguish_v natural_a motion_n from_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o former_a be_v perpetual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a durable_a whereas_o the_o late_a be_v continual_o check_v more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o renitency_n of_o nature_n do_v continual_o decay_v and_o within_o no_o long_a time_n be_v suppress_v or_o extinguish_v but_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o make_v the_o follow_a reflection_n 1._o it_o may_v be_v just_o question_v upon_o ground_n lay_v down_o in_o another_o part_n of_o this_o essay_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o motion_n among_o inanimate_a body_n that_o deserve_v to_o be_v call_v violent_a in_o contradistinction_n to_o natural_a since_o among_o such_o all_o motion_n where_o no_o intelligent_a spirit_n intervene_v be_v make_v according_a to_o catholic_n and_o almost_o if_o not_o more_o than_o almost_o mechanical_a law_n 2._o methinks_v the_o peripatetic_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o most_o forward_o to_o employ_v this_o axiom_n shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v so_o if_o they_o consider_v how_o unsuitable_a it_o be_v to_o their_o doctrine_n that_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o firmament_n and_o all_o the_o planetary_a orb_n be_v by_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n with_o a_o stupendous_a swiftness_n whirl_v about_o from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n contrary_a to_o their_o natural_a tendency_n and_o that_o this_o violent_a and_o rapid_a motion_n of_o the_o incomparable_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n have_v last_v as_o long_o as_o the_o world_n itself_o that_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n for_o innumerable_a age_n 3._o we_o may_v observe_v here_o below_o that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o that_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o some_o other_o external_n cause_n have_v last_v for_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n and_o probable_o will_v do_v so_o as_o long_o as_o the_o present_a system_n of_o our_o vortex_n shall_v continue_v i_o consider_v also_o that_o the_o other_o great_a ocean_n the_o atmosphere_n consist_v of_o numberless_a myriad_n of_o corpuscle_n that_o be_v here_o below_o continual_o keep_v in_o a_o violent_a state_n since_o they_o be_v elastical_a body_n whereof_o the_o low_a be_v still_o compress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o high_a and_o to_o make_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o body_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o be_v forcible_o bend_v or_o stretch_v and_o have_v such_o a_o perpetual_a endeavour_n to_o fly_v open_a or_o to_o shrink_v in_o that_o it_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o do_v so_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n force_n that_o hinder_v it_o be_v remove_v and_o as_o for_o the_o state_n of_o inanimate_a body_n i_o do_v not_o see_v that_o their_o be_v or_o not_o be_v natural_a can_v be_v with_o any_o certainty_n conclude_v from_o their_o be_v or_o not_o be_v very_o durable_a for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o leave_v that_o wither_v in_o a_o few_o month_n and_o even_a blossom_n that_o often_o fade_v and_o fall_v off_o in_o few_o day_n be_v as_o well_o natural_a body_n as_o the_o solid_a and_o durable_a tree_n that_o bear_v they_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o whether_o we_o make_v the_o state_n of_o fluidity_n or_o that_o of_o congelation_n to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v natural_a to_o water_n and_o the_o other_o that_o which_o be_v violent_a its_o change_n from_o one_o of_o those_o state_n into_o another_o and_o even_o its_o return_n to_o its_o former_a state_n be_v oftentimes_o at_o some_o season_n and_o in_o some_o place_n make_v very_o speedy_o perhaps_o in_o a_o hour_n or_o less_o by_o cause_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o mist_n hail_o whirlwind_n lightning_n falling-star_n to_o name_v no_o more_o notwithstanding_o their_o be_v natural_a body_n be_v far_o from_o be_v lasting_a especial_o in_o comparison_n of_o glass_n wherein_o the_o ingredient_n sand_n and_o fix_a salt_n be_v bring_v together_o by_o great_a violence_n of_o fire_n and_o the_o motion_n that_o a_o thin_a plate_n or_o slender_a wire_n of_o this_o glass_n can_v exercise_v to_o restore_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a position_n when_o forcible_o bend_v be_v in_o great_a part_n a_o last_a effect_n of_o the_o same_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o be_v the_o most_o durable_a perseverance_n of_o the_o indissolubleness_n of_o the_o alcalisate_n salt_n that_o be_v one_o of_o the_o two_o ingredient_n of_o glass_n notwithstanding_o its_o be_v very_o easy_o dissoluble_a in_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n and_o not_o uneasy_o even_o in_o the_o moist_a air_n itself_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n of_o local_a motion_n into_o natural_a and_o violent_a that_o be_v so_o general_o receive_v and_o use_v both_o by_o philosopher_n and_o physician_n that_o i_o think_v it_o deserve_v to_o have_v special_a notice_n take_v of_o it_o in_o this_o section_n since_o it_o implicit_o contain_v a_o argument_n for_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n call_v nature_n by_o suppose_v it_o so_o manifest_a a_o thing_n as_o that_o a_o important_a distinction_n may_v just_o be_v ground_v on_o it._n this_o imply_v objection_n i_o confess_v be_v somewhat_o difficult_a to_o clear_v not_o for_o any_o great_a force_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o but_o because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o the_o distinction_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v for_o most_o man_n speak_v of_o the_o propose_a distinction_n of_o motion_n in_o so_o obscure_a or_o so_o uncertain_a a_o way_n that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o know_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o either_o of_o the_o member_n of_o it._n but_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v who_o endeavour_n to_o speak_v intelligible_o and_o for_o that_o be_v to_o be_v commend_v and_o define_v natural_a motion_n to_o be_v that_o who_o principle_n be_v within_o the_o move_a body_n itself_o and_o violent_a motion_n that_o which_o body_n be_v put_v into_o by_o a_o external_n agent_n or_o cause_n and_o in_o in_o regard_n these_o speak_v more_o clear_o than_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v here_o principal_o consider_v the_o late_o mention_v distinction_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o give_v it._n i_o say_v then_o that_o even_o according_a to_o this_o explication_n i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o distinction_n for_o whereas_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n receive_v and_o frequent_o employ_v by_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n quicquid_fw-la movetur_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la movetur_fw-la it_o seem_v that_o according_a to_o this_o axiom_n all_o motion_n may_v be_v call_v violent_a since_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_n agent_n and_o indeed_o according_a to_o the_o school_n philosopher_n the_o motion_n of_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o visible_a world_n though_o this_o motion_n be_v most_o regular_a and_o last_a must_v according_a to_o the_o propose_a distinction_n be_v repute_v violent_a since_o they_o assert_v that_o the_o immense_a firmament_n itself_o and_o all_o the_o planetary_a orb_n in_o comparison_n of_o which_o vast_a celestial_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o sublunary_a part_n be_v little_o more_o than_o a_o physical_a point_n be_v perpetual_o and_o against_o its_o native_a tendency_n hurry_v about_o the_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n once_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n by_o a_o external_n though_o invisible_a agent_n which_o they_o therefore_o call_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n and_o as_o for_o the_o criterion_n of_o natural_a motion_n that_o its_o principle_n be_v within_o the_o move_a body_n it_o may_v be_v say_v
that_o liquor_n to_o tend_v downward_o and_o actual_o to_o fall_v down_o if_o it_o be_v not_o external_o hinder_v but_o when_o water_n ascend_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n or_o other_o instrument_n that_o motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v wont_v be_v make_v in_o virtue_n of_o a_o more_o catholic_n law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o a_o great_a pressure_n which_o in_o our_o case_n the_o water_n suffer_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n shall_v surmount_v a_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v here_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o ascend_v in_o the_o pump_n or_o pipe_n the_o two_o forego_v observation_n may_v be_v far_o illustrate_v by_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n man_n speak_v of_o thing_n which_o they_o call_v preternatural_a or_o else_o contrary_a to_o nature_n for_o divers_a if_o not_o most_o of_o their_o expression_n of_o this_o kind_n argue_v that_o nature_n be_v in_o they_o take_v for_o the_o particular_a and_o subordinate_a or_o as_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n establish_v among_o body_n thus_o water_n when_o it_o be_v intense_o hot_a be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o preternatural_a state_n because_o it_o be_v in_o one_o that_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o it_o and_o man_n think_v do_v not_o regular_o belong_v to_o it_o though_o the_o fire_n or_o sun_n that_o thus_o agitate_v it_o and_o put_v it_o into_o this_o state_n be_v confess_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a agent_n and_o be_v not_o think_v to_o act_v otherwise_o than_o according_a to_o nature_n thus_o when_o a_o spring_n forcible_o bend_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v in_o a_o state_n contrary_n to_o its_o nature_n as_o be_v argue_v from_o its_o incessant_a endeavour_n to_o remove_v the_o compress_a body_n this_o state_n whether_o preternatural_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n shall_v be_v think_v such_o but_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o springy_a body_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o grand_a law_n that_o obtain_v among_o thing_n corporeal_a that_o such_o a_o spring_n shall_v remain_v bend_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o force_n that_o actual_o keep_v it_o so_o as_o that_o it_o shall_v display_v itself_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o less_o or_o incompetent_a degree_n of_o force_n and_o to_o omit_v the_o six_o non-natural_a thing_n so_o much_o speak_v of_o by_o physician_n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o though_o a_o disease_n be_v general_o reckon_v as_o a_o preternatural_a thing_n or_o as_o other_o carry_v the_o notion_n further_o a_o state_n contrary_n to_o nature_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o with_o reference_n to_o what_o customary_o happen_v to_o a_o human_a body_n since_o excessive_o cold_a wind_n and_o immoderate_a rain_n and_o sultry_a air_n and_o other_o usual_a cause_n of_o disease_n be_v as_o natural_a agent_n and_o act_n as_o agreeable_o to_o the_o catholic_n law_n of_o the_o universe_n when_o they_o produce_v disease_n as_o when_o they_o condense_a the_o cloud_n into_o rain_n or_o snow_n blow_v ship_n into_o their_o harbour_n make_v river_n overflow_v ripen_v corn_n and_o fruit_n and_o do_v such_o other_o thing_n whether_o they_o be_v hurtful_a or_o beneficial_a to_o men._n and_o upon_o a_o like_a account_n when_o monster_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a thing_n the_o expression_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o regard_n to_o that_o particular_a species_n of_o body_n from_o which_o the_o monster_n do_v enormous_o deviate_v though_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v that_o deviation_n act_n but_o according_a to_o the_o general_a law_n whereby_o thing_n corporeal_a be_v guide_v 3._o i_o doubt_v whether_o i_o shall_v add_v as_o a_o three_o remark_n or_o as_o somewhat_o that_o be_v referrable_a to_o one_o or_o both_o of_o the_o two_o forego_v that_o sometime_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nature_n perform_v this_o or_o that_o thing_n we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v that_o this_o thing_n be_v a_o effect_n real_o produce_v by_o other_o than_o by_o proper_a physical_a cause_n or_o agent_n but_o in_o such_o expression_n we_o be_v rather_o to_o look_v upon_o nature_n either_o as_o a_o relative_n thing_n or_o as_o a_o term_n employ_v to_o denote_v a_o notional_a thing_n with_o reference_n whereunto_o physical_a cause_n be_v consider_v as_o act_v after_o some_o peculiar_a manner_n whereby_o we_o may_v distinguish_v their_o operation_n from_o those_o that_o be_v produce_v by_o other_o agent_n or_o perhaps_o by_o the_o same_o consider_v as_o act_v in_o another_o way_n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o some_o other_o receive_v expression_n or_o form_n of_o speech_n as_o when_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n have_v say_v that_o thing_n be_v bring_v fatal_o to_o pass_v they_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o fate_n be_v a_o distinct_a and_o separate_a agent_n but_o only_o that_o the_o physical_a cause_n perform_v the_o effect_n as_o in_o their_o act_n they_o have_v a_o necessary_a dependence_n upon_o one_o another_o or_o a_o inviolable_a connexion_n that_o link_v they_o together_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o man_n say_v as_o they_o too_o frequent_o do_v that_o fortune_n or_o chance_n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n distinguish_v they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o former_a what_o unexpected_o happen_v to_o deliberate_v or_o design_v and_o to_o the_o late_a what_o happen_v to_o inanimate_a or_o undesigning_a being_n have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o considerate_a philosopher_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o fortune_n or_o chance_n as_o a_o true_a and_o distinct_a physical_a cause_n but_o as_o a_o notional_a thing_n that_o denote_v that_o the_o proper_a agent_n produce_v the_o effect_n without_o a_o intention_n to_o do_v so_o as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o declare_v in_o the_o four_o section_n one_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v without_o impertinence_n refer_v to_o this_o our_o three_o observation_n that_o many_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v attribute_v to_o time_n as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o time_n ripen_v some_o fruit_n that_o be_v too_o early_o gather_v that_o it_o make_v many_o thing_n moulder_v and_o decay_v tempus_fw-la edax_fw-la rerum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o produce_v great_a alteration_n both_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o man_n and_o in_o their_o disposition_n and_o their_o body_n to_o omit_v many_o other_o vulgar_a expression_n which_o represent_v time_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o real_o it_o be_v but_o a_o adjunct_n or_o a_o concomitant_a of_o the_o effect_n however_o coincident_a with_o the_o successive_a part_n of_o time_n and_o so_o some_o way_n relate_v to_o it_o be_v indeed_o produce_v by_o other_o agent_n that_o be_v their_o true_a and_o proper_a efficient_n sometime_o likewise_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nature_n do_v this_o or_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o distinct_a or_o separate_a be_v but_o on_o such_o occasion_n the_o word_n nature_n be_v to_o be_v concei●●d_v to_o signify_v a_o complex_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o essential_a property_n or_o necessary_a quality_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o body_n of_o that_o species_n whereof_o the_o real_a agent_n be_v or_o to_o more_o body_n respective_o if_o more_o must_v concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n to_o this_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o expound_v many_o of_o those_o form_n of_o speech_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v when_o physician_n or_o other_o speak_v of_o what_o nature_n do_v in_o reference_n to_o disease_n or_o the_o cure_n of_o they_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a sense_n to_o such_o expression_n i_o consider_v nature_n not_o as_o a_o principal_a and_o distinct_a agent_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o compound_v accident_n that_o be_v as_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o or_o result_v from_o the_o divers_a property_n and_o quality_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o true_a agent_n and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o compound_v accident_n may_v not_o be_v startle_v at_o i_o shall_v to_o explain_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o it_o observe_z that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o quality_n or_o accident_n that_o at_o least_o in_o comparison_n of_o other_o may_v be_v call_v simple_a as_o roundness_n straightness_n heat_n gravi●●_n etc._n etc._n so_o there_o be_v other_o that_o may_v be_v conceive_v as_o compound_v or_o make_v up_o of_o several_a quality_n unite_v in_o one_o subject_a as_o in_o divers_a pigment_n greenness_n be_v make_v up_o of_o blue_n and_o yellow_a exquisite_o mix_v beauty_n be_v make_v up_o of_o fit_a colour_n take_v feature_n just_a stature_n fine_a shape_n graceful_a motion_n and_o some_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o human_a body_n and_o its_o part_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o compound_v accident_n
touch_v upon_o the_o contrary_a pole_n of_o the_o same_o or_o another_o vigorous_a loadstone_n the_o lily_n will_v present_o forget_v its_o former_a inclination_n and_o regard_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o heaven_n to_o which_o position_n it_o will_v as_o it_o be_v spontaneous_o return_v have_v be_v force_v aside_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o towards_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v again_o leave_v to_o its_o liberty_n so_o that_o though_o it_o former_o seem_v so_o much_o to_o affect_v one_o point_n of_o heaven_n yet_o it_o may_v in_o a_o trice_n be_v bring_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a propensity_n for_o the_o opposite_a the_o lily_n have_v indeed_o no_o inclination_n for_o one_o point_v of_o heaven_n more_o than_o another_o but_o rest_v in_o that_o position_n to_o which_o it_o be_v last_o determine_v by_o the_o prevalence_n of_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la and_o this_o example_n may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v what_o we_o have_v be_v late_o say_v in_o general_n ii_o another_o receive_a axiom_n concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o never_o fail_v or_o miss_v of_o her_o end_n natura_fw-la sine_fw-la svo_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excidit_fw-la this_o be_v a_o proposition_n who_o ambiguity_n make_v it_o uneasy_a for_o i_o to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n of_o it._n but_o yet_o to_o say_v somewhat_o if_o by_o nature_n we_o here_o understand_v that_o be_v that_o the_o schoolman_n style_n natura_fw-la naturans_fw-la i_o grant_v or_o rather_o assert_v that_o nature_n never_o miss_v its_o end_n for_o the_o omniscient_a and_o almighty_a author_n of_o thing_n have_v once_o frame_v the_o word_n and_o establish_v in_o it_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n which_o he_o constant_o maintain_v there_o can_v no_o irregularity_n or_o anomaly_n happen_v especial_o among_o the_o great_a mundane_a body_n that_o he_o do_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n foresee_v and_o think_v fit_a to_o permit_v since_o they_o be_v but_o genuine_a consequence_n of_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n that_o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o most_o wise_o institute_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v in_o instance_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o which_o i_o can_v add_v other_o as_o the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n so_o necessary_a to_o the_o health_n and_o plenty_n of_o egypt_n and_o though_o on_o some_o special_a occasion_n this_o institute_v order_n either_o seem_o or_o real_o have_v be_v violate_v as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v stand_v still_o in_o the_o day_n of_o joshua_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o have_v divide_v itself_o to_o give_v free_a passage_n to_o the_o israelite_n lead_v by_o moses_n yet_o these_o thing_n have_v be_v rare_o do_v for_o weighty_a end_n and_o purpose_n by_o the_o peculiar_a intervention_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n either_o guide_n or_o overrule_a the_o propensity_n and_o motion_n of_o secundary_a agent_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o god_n be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o end_n by_o these_o design_v though_o seem_v exorbitance_n by_o 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have_v be_v publish_v to_o recount_v and_o describe_v these_o gross_a and_o deform_v aberration_n of_o nature_n we_o many_o time_n see_v and_o have_v former_o note_v that_o in_o fever_n and_o other_o acute_a disease_n she_o make_v critical_a attempt_n upon_o improper_a day_n and_o in_o these_o unseasonable_a attempt_n do_v not_o only_o for_o the_o most_o part_n miss_v of_o her_o end_n which_o be_v to_o cure_v the_o patient_n but_o often_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n than_o he_o be_v in_o before_o she_o use_v those_o miscarry_v endeavour_n to_o this_o may_n may_v be_v refer_v the_o cheat_n man_n put_v upon_o nature_n as_o when_o by_o graft_v the_o sap_n that_o nature_n raise_v with_o intention_n to_o feed_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o white_a thorn_n for_o instance_n be_v by_o the_o gardener_n bring_v to_o nourish_v a_o fruit_n of_o quite_o another_o kind_a so_o when_o maulster_n make_v barley_n to_o sprout_v that_o germination_n whereby_o nature_n intend_v to_o produce_v stalk_n and_o ear_n be_v pervert_v to_o a_o far_o differ_v purpose_n and_o she_o delude_v and_o now_o to_o annex_v some_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la we_o be_v tell_v that_o nature_n make_v every_o agent_n aim_n at_o assimulate_v the_o patient_n to_o itself_o and_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n the_o fire_n aim_v at_o convert_v wood_n and_o the_o other_o body_n it_o work_v on_o into_o fire_n but_o if_o this_o be_v so_o nature_n must_v often_o miss_v of_o her_o end_n in_o chemical_a furnace_n where_o the_o flame_n do_v never_o turn_v the_o brick_n that_o it_o make_v red-hot_a into_o fire_n nor_o the_o crucible_n nor_o the_o cuple_n nor_o yet_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o it_o thorough_o pervade_v and_o bring_v to_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n the_o same_o or_o very_o near_o the_o same_o with_o its_o own_o and_o keep_v in_o a_o very_a intense_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o in_o actual_a fusion_n and_o even_o when_o fire_n act_v upon_o wood_n there_o be_v but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o turn_v into_o fire_n since_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o soot_n and_o concrete_v smoke_n the_o ash_n remain_v fix_v and_o incombustible_a and_o so_o to_o add_v another_o instance_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la when_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o nature_n make_v water_n ascend_v in_o sucking-pump_n ob_fw-la fugam_fw-la vacui_fw-la she_o must_v needs_o as_o i_o former_o note_v to_o another_o purpose_n miss_v of_o her_o aim_n when_o the_o pump_n exceed_v five_o and_o thirty_o or_o forty_o foot_n in_o height_n for_o then_o though_o you_o pump_n never_o so_o much_o and_o withdraw_v the_o air_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o engine_n the_o water_n will_v not_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o consequent_o will_v leave_v a_o cavity_n for_o whole_a replenish_n she_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v raise_v that_o liquor_n two_o or_o three_o and_o thirty_o foot_n iii_o another_o of_o the_o celebrate_a axiom_n concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o always_o act_v by_o the_o short_a or_o most_o compendious_a way_n natura_fw-la semper_fw-la agit_fw-fr per_fw-la vias_fw-la brevissimas_fw-la but_o this_o rule_n as_o well_o as_o divers_a other_o do_v i_o think_v require_v to_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v and_o limit_v before_o it_o be_v admit_v for_o it_o be_v true_a ●hat_n as_o i_o have_v frequent_o occasion_n to_o inculcate_v the_o omniscient_a author_n of_o the_o universe_n have_v so_o frame_v it_o that_o most_o of_o the_o part_n of_o it_o act_n as_o regular_o in_o order_n to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o as_o if_o they_o do_v it_o with_o design_n but_o since_o inanimate_a body_n at_o least_o have_v no_o knowledge_n it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o they_o moderate_a and_o vary_v their_o own_o action_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o particular_a circumstance_n wherewith_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unacquainted_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v strange_a if_o there_o be_v not_o divers_a occurrence_n wherein_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o act_n by_o other_o 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