above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o it_o run_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n other_o such_o like_a sign_n they_o give_v we_o whereby_o to_o know_v those_o brook_n or_o river_n that_o have_v gold_n in_o they_o but_o with_o less_o reason_n because_o the_o gold_n be_v not_o engender_v there_o but_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o whence_o time_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o water_n have_v wear_v it_o away_o but_o without_o disparage_v the_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o have_v think_v as_o abovesaid_a and_o have_v write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o say_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o mine_n of_o europe_n and_o of_o these_o part_n experience_n have_v show_v the_o contrary_a which_o i_o foresee_v they_o will_v answer_v by_o say_v that_o oftentimes_o a_o effect_n be_v produce_v contrary_a to_o expectation_n and_o that_o these_o have_v their_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o other_o rule_n nevertheless_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o this_o other_o world_n and_o opposite_a climate_n to_o make_v new_a rule_n from_o the_o experience_n in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o potosi_n i_o shall_v assign_v the_o first_o place_n of_o riches_n and_o abundance_n to_o those_o vein_n that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n upon_o the_o northernside_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n with_o a_o very_a little_a declination_n westward_o the_o four_o principal_a mine_n of_o this_o mountain_n observe_v namely_o the_o mine_n of_o centeno_n which_o be_v the_o descubridora_n the_o rich_a mine_n the_o tin_n i_o and_o the_o mine_n of_o mendieta_n the_o second_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v to_o they_o that_o run_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o hill_n a_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n parallel_n whereunto_o run_v the_o best_a vein_n of_o the_o second_o famous_a mine_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n call_v oruro_n which_o in_o the_o richness_n of_o its_o vein_n abundance_n of_o metal_n depth_n of_o its_o mine_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o inhabitant_n deserve_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o grandeur_n of_o potosi_n in_o divers_a place_n very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n run_v east_n and_o west_n and_o also_o to_o several_a other_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o that_o the_o best_a rule_n to_o go_v by_o in_o this_o matter_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o metal_n as_o it_o discover_v itself_o and_o as_o long_o as_o one_o gain_n thereby_o or_o at_o least_o save_v himself_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v on_o because_o be_v sure_a to_o lose_v nothing_o one_o have_v the_o vein_n will_v lead_v he_o to_o great_a riches_n and_o if_o the_o vein_n be_v large_a and_o have_v any_o sign_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n in_o it_o although_o for_o the_o present_a it_o do_v not_o quit_v the_o cost_n man_n go_v on_o courageous_o in_o the_o work_n of_o it_o have_v such_o certain_a hope_n of_o gain_v great_a profit_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o experience_n in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n a_o fresh_a instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaia_n where_o for_o the_o instruction_n and_o encouragement_n of_o miner_n after_o have_v follow_v its_o vein_n forty_o year_n with_o very_o little_a profit_n at_o length_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o extravagant_a riches_n which_o all_o of_o we_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v hear_v and_o see_v if_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n be_v very_o small_a they_o must_v be_v extreme_a rich_a to_o be_v worth_a the_o follow_v if_o the_o metal_n be_v find_v cling_v about_o stone_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o hollow_n of_o those_o stone_n it_o be_v find_v in_o grain_n like_o corn_n of_o gunpowder_n be_v that_o which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v plomo_n and_o be_v silver_n unrefined_a although_o these_o grain_n be_v but_o few_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o metal_n have_v no_o silver_n in_o it_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o vein_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o more_o moisture_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o that_o great_a mine_n of_o st._n christopher_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o they_o call_v the_o poor_a man_n treasure_n if_o as_o they_o dig_v forward_o they_o meet_v with_o more_o abundance_n of_o those_o grain_n de_fw-fr plomo_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o rich_a oar_n be_v very_o near_o to_o find_v chrisocola_n herrumbre_fw-mi oropiment_n or_o sandaraca_n in_o the_o mine_n or_o iron-coloured_a earth_n next_o to_o the_o stone_n that_o enclose_v the_o oar_n or_o fullers-earth_n between_o those_o stone_n be_v very_o good_a token_n of_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o mine_n it_o be_v no_o ill_a sign_n also_o to_o meet_v with_o dry_a earth_n if_o it_o be_v yellow_a red_a black_a or_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a colour_n and_o it_o be_v the_o better_a when_o there_o be_v some_o show_n of_o lead_v mix_v with_o it_o chalky-ground_n be_v very_o promise_v and_o agricola_n do_v judge_v it_o a_o good_a sign_n to_o meet_v with_o sand_n in_o the_o mine_n if_o it_o be_v exceed_a fine_n and_o very_o ill_a to_o meet_v with_o earth_n full_a of_o little_a flint_n if_o it_o hold_v long_o without_o change_v into_o another_o soil_n chap._n 26._o of_o metal_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o gold_n the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o inanimate_a body_n and_o the_o most_o esteem_v of_o all_o metal_n be_v gold_n universal_o know_v and_o covet_v by_o all_o people_n it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o metal_n be_v as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v but_o of_o part_n so_o pure_a and_o perfect_a and_o so_o well_o compact_v togther_o by_o decoction_n that_o its_o substance_n be_v as_o it_o be_v incorruptible_a be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o of_o the_o element_n to_o be_v corrupt_v or_o destroy_v the_o fire_n that_o consume_v all_o other_o metal_n only_o make_v gold_n more_o pure_a the_o air_n and_o water_n diminish_v not_o its_o lustre_n nor_o can_v earth_n make_v it_o rust_n or_o waste_v by_o the_o nobleness_n of_o its_o substance_n it_o have_v most_o deserve_o obtain_v that_o estimation_n which_o the_o world_n give_v it_o and_o the_o natural_a virtue_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o admirable_a equality_n of_o its_o composition_n be_v the_o best_a medicine_n against_o melancholy_n and_o the_o great_a cordial_n to_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o perpetual_o run_v after_o this_o avaritious_a metal_n as_o the_o needle_n do_v after_o the_o loadstone_n the_o quality_n that_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o metal_n have_v be_v brief_o touch_v in_o chapter_n 21._o the_o virtue_n ascribe_v to_o aurum_fw-la potabile_fw-la to_o preserve_v a_o body_n perpetual_o in_o youthfulness_n without_o infirmity_n together_o with_o the_o receipt_n of_o make_v thereof_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o those_o author_n who_o have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o many_o writer_n upon_o this_o subject_n relate_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a country_n mountain_n and_o river_n famous_a for_o the_o production_n of_o gold_n but_o my_o design_n be_v not_o to_o be_v over-large_a and_o therefore_o i_o not_o only_o forbear_v to_o translate_v what_o other_o man_n have_v write_v but_o also_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o this_o new_a world_n even_o those_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o province_n of_o peru_n and_o only_o apply_v myself_o to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o short_a account_n of_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o royal_a audiencia_fw-la de_fw-fr los_fw-es charcas_fw-es the_o government_n whereof_o be_v worthy_o commit_v unto_o the_o care_n of_o your_o lordship_n every_o body_n know_v the_o name_n of_o carabaya_n for_o be_v a_o country_n store_v with_o plenty_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n as_o fine_a as_o the_o fine_a gold_n of_o arabia_n it_o be_v of_o the_o ley_z of_o 23_o corrat_n and_o three_o grain_n and_o although_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n thereof_o have_v be_v and_o daily_o be_v get_v thence_o yet_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o work_v again_o afresh_o and_o follow_v the_o vein_n of_o it_o under_o ground_n whereas_o hitherunto_o they_o have_v only_o gather_v up_o the_o fragment_n of_o it_o which_o be_v wash_v off_o by_o the_o rain_v the_o province_n of_o larecaja_n border_n upon_o carabaya_n and_o abound_v with_o gold_n which_o in_o divers_a brook_n of_o that_o country_n be_v find_v in_o form_n and_o colour_n like_o unto_o small_a shot_n which_o be_v melt_v and_o its_o outward_a coat_n and_o mixture_n consume_v away_o become_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n he_o that_o find_v this_o first_o do_v not_o know_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n until_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o i_o discover_v it_o tell_v he_o so_o next_o
draught_n or_o colour_n but_o in_o bulk_n and_o substance_n i_o believe_v it_o may_v arise_v from_o some_o petrify_a liquor_n which_o that_o matter_n have_v suck_v into_o its_o pore_n and_o thereby_o be_v become_v all_o stone_n and_o so_o think_v avicene_a but_o although_o sometime_o this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o yet_o methinks_v it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o always_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n misnenses_n near_o unto_o the_o lake_n of_o alsacia_n stone_n be_v very_o common_o find_v that_o have_v emboss_v upon_o their_o superficies_n the_o image_n of_o frog_n and_o fish_n in_o fine_a copper_n ancient_o they_o call_v a_o sort_n of_o stone_n conchites_n which_o be_v in_o all_o their_o lineament_n very_o like_a unto_o the_o cockle_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o think_v that_o those_o fish_n shell_n lie_v a_o long_a time_n in_o soil_n where_o much_o stone_n be_v beget_v the_o petrify_a liquor_n enter_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o shell_n convert_v it_o into_o stone_n and_o they_o ground_v this_o opinion_n upon_o the_o certainty_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o old_a time_n have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o city_n of_o magara_n where_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v find_v but_o of_o late_a time_n all_o colour_n of_o reason_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o forementioned_a conceit_n by_o the_o wonderful_a vein_n of_o stone_n some_o grey_a some_o iron_n colour_v and_o some_o yellow_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o high_a way_n as_o one_o go_v from_o potosi_n to_o oronesta_n down_o the_o hill_n there_o they_o gather_v stone_n that_o have_v in_o they_o impression_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o figure_n so_o much_o to_o the_o life_n that_o nothing_o but_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n itself_o can_v possible_o have_v produce_v such_o a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n i_o have_v some_o of_o these_o stone_n by_o i_o in_o which_o you_o may_v see_v cockle_n of_o all_o sort_n great_a middle-sized_a and_o small_a one_o some_o of_o they_o lie_v upward_o and_o some_o downward_o with_o the_o small_a lineament_n of_o those_o shell_n draw_v in_o great_a perfection_n and_o this_o place_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o the_o country_n and_o the_o most_o double_a mountainous_a land_n therein_o where_o it_o be_v madness_n to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o sea_n have_v prevail_v and_o leave_v cockle_n only_o in_o this_o one_o part_n of_o it_o there_o be_v also_o among_o these_o stone_n the_o perfect_a resemblance_n of_o toad_n and_o butterfly_n and_o strange_a figur_n which_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o credible_a witness_n yet_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v and_o not_o to_o over-burden_n the_o belief_n of_o the_o reader_n over_o against_o this_o wonderful_a vein_n of_o land_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o oroncota_n stand_v that_o famous_a piece_n of_o land_n they_o call_v pucara_n which_o signify_v in_o their_o language_n fortress_n it_o be_v a_o place_n the_o best_a fortify_v by_o nature_n of_o any_o now_o know_v in_o the_o world_n be_v situate_a very_o high_a seven_o league_n in_o compass_n and_o all_o surround_v with_o high_a and_o inaccessible_a hill_n only_o on_o the_o one_o side_n there_o be_v a_o small_a avenue_n after_o have_v past_o a_o very_a difficult_a ascent_n in_o its_o spacious_a field_n on_o the_o top_n there_o be_v many_o fine_a brook_n of_o water_n wood_n pasture-ground_n commons_o and_o waste_n very_o commodious_a for_o the_o support_n of_o humane_a life_n chap._n 18._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o learned_a man_n differ_v so_o much_o in_o their_o opinion_n about_o the_o matter_n whereof_o metal_n be_v engender_v because_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n seem_v to_o have_v create_v they_o in_o that_o obscurity_n and_o depth_n and_o to_o have_v immure_v they_o with_o hard_a rock_n on_o purpose_n to_o hide_v their_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o ambition_n of_o man._n the_o philosopher_n who_o pretend_v to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n beside_o the_o first_o matter_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n not_o only_o of_o metal_n but_o of_o all_o other_o body_n in_o the_o world_n assign_v another_o matter_n remote_a also_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a moist_a and_o unctuous_a exhalation_n together_o with_o a_o portion_n of_o thick_a and_o tough_a earth_n from_o which_o be_v mingle_v together_o there_o result_v a_o matter_n whereof_o not_o only_a metal_n but_o also_o stone_n be_v make_v for_o if_o the_o dryness_n prevail_v stone_n be_v beget_v but_o if_o the_o unctuous_a humidity_n be_v predominant_a than_o metal_n be_v beget_v plato_n aristotle_n and_o their_o follower_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o this_o pure_a and_o shine_a moisture_n make_v solid_a proceed_v the_o lustre_n of_o metal_n in_o who_o of_o all_o the_o element_n water_n be_v experimental_o know_v to_o be_v most_o predominant_a and_o therefore_o they_o run_v and_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o various_a temperament_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a matter_n come_v the_o divers_a kind_n of_o metal_n the_o most_o pure_a and_o fine_a of_o all_o which_o and_o as_o it_o will_v seem_v nature_n principal_a intention_n be_v gold_n many_o to_o avoid_v difficult_a dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v hold_v with_o the_o vulgar_a that_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n god_n almighty_n make_v the_o vein_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o we_o now_o find_v they_o at_o this_o day_n herein_o do_v nature_n a_o great_a affront_n by_o deny_v she_o without_o reason_n a_o productive_a virtue_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v allow_v unto_o she_o in_o all_o other_o sublunary_a thing_n moreover_o that_o experience_n in_o divers_a place_n have_v manifest_v the_o contrary_a a_o clear_a example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o ilva_n a_o island_n adjoin_v unto_o tuscany_n full_a of_o iron_n mine_n which_o when_o they_o have_v dug_n as_o hollow_a and_o as_o deep_a as_o they_o can_v the_o circumjacent_a earth_n fall_v in_o and_o fill_v they_o up_o again_o and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o year_n at_o most_o they_o work_v those_o mine_n again_o and_o thence_o draw_v out_o abundance_n of_o metal_n which_o that_o new_a earth_n have_v be_v convert_v into_o many_o do_v think_v that_o the_o same_o happen_v in_o the_o rich_a hill_n of_o potosi_n at_o the_o least_o all_o of_o we_o know_v that_o the_o stone_n which_o divers_a year_n ago_o we_o have_v leave_v behind_o we_o think_v there_o be_v not_o plate_n enough_o in_o they_o to_o make_v it_o worth_a our_o labour_n we_o now_o bring_v home_o and_o find_v abundance_n of_o plate_n in_o they_o which_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o to_o the_o perpetual_a generation_n of_o silver_n the_o alchemist_n a_o name_n grow_v odious_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o ignorant_a pretender_n to_o that_o art_n with_o more_o profound_a and_o practical_a philosophy_n have_v anatomize_v the_o mixture_n of_o nature_n and_o reduce_v they_o from_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o metal_n do_v discourse_n in_o the_o manner_n follow_v the_o sun_n say_v they_o and_o all_o the_o star_n with_o their_o light_n proper_a or_o borrow_v continual_o go_v round_o the_o earth_n do_v heat_n the_o same_o and_o with_o their_o subtle_a ray_n penetrate_v through_o its_o vein_n and_o we_o see_v thing_n long_o burn_v in_o the_o fire_n be_v convert_v into_o other_o terene_a substance_n as_o wood_n and_o stone_n into_o lime_n and_o ash_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n this_o earth_n calcine_v by_o the_o celestial_a body_n mingle_v and_o boil_v with_o water_n change_v itself_o into_o another_o kind_n of_o species_n that_o contain_v in_o itself_o something_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o salt_n and_o alum_n every_o day_n we_o see_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o lees_n make_v of_o lime_n ash_n sweat_v and_o urine_n all_o which_o by_o boil_v get_v the_o taste_n of_o salt_n this_o first_o matter_n or_o foundation_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n be_v vitriol_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o believe_v since_o we_o see_v that_o all_o of_o they_o by_o art_n may_v be_v reduce_v thereunto_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o reduce_v some_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o vitriol_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o attraction_n of_o the_o heavenly_a send_v forth_o two_o fume_n or_o vapour_n the_o one_o earthy_a subtle_a and_o unctuous_a and_o something_o digest_v which_o the_o philosopher_n call_v sulphur_n because_o it_o have_v the_o quality_n thereof_o the_o other_o vapour_n be_v moist_a waterish_a slimy_a and_o mingle_v with_o very_o fine_a earth_n and_o this_o be_v the_o next_o matter_n whereof_o quicksilver_n be_v make_v if_o these_o two_o vaporous_a exhalation_n do_v find_v a_o
the_o art_n of_o metal_n in_o which_o be_v declare_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o generation_n and_o the_o concomitant_n of_o them_o in_o two_o book_n write_a in_o spanish_a by_o albaro_n alonso_n barba_fw-la master_n of_o art_n curate_z of_o st._n bernard_n parish_n in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o potosi_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n in_o the_o west-indies_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o translate_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o by_o the_o r._n h._n edward_n earl_n of_o sandwich_n london_n print_v for_o s._n mearne_v stationer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n 1674._o the_o preface_n gentle_a reader_n thou_o have_v now_o in_o thy_o hand_n a_o jewel_n so_o esteem_v in_o spain_n and_o the_o indies_n that_o there_o they_o sell_v even_o all_o they_o have_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n to_o boot_v to_o purchase_v it_o for_o have_v this_o they_o think_v that_o therewith_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o thing_n in_o this_o world_n i_o mean_v give_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o that_o country_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o other_o indeed_o there_o be_v some_o in_o all_o nation_n that_o will_v sell_v that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o ever_o shall_v have_v but_o this_o be_v a_o jewel_n so_o rare_a that_o few_o have_v it_o to_o sell_v for_o it_o be_v conceal_v like_o the_o great_a arcanum_n the_o philosopher_n stone_n and_o only_o traditional_o deliver_v to_o the_o adepti_fw-la but_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o this_o true_a nobleman_n of_o england_n he_o not_o envy_v the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n so_o great_a a_o benefit_n nor_o be_v willing_a so_o great_a a_o treasure_n shall_v be_v wrap_v up_o in_o a_o napkin_n he_o honour_v and_o enrich_v our_o language_n with_o it_o be_v content_v that_o all_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n people_n shall_v be_v philosopher_n concern_v he_o i_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v he_o have_v write_v his_o own_o history_n in_o such_o indelible_a character_n of_o gallantry_n and_o honour_n that_o neither_o sea_n nor_o earth_n can_v contain_v they_o and_o as_o he_o have_v few_o or_o none_o before_o he_o who_o he_o can_v imitate_v so_o i_o fear_v he_o have_v leave_v but_o few_o behind_o that_o will_v care_v to_o follow_v his_o generous_a example_n the_o manner_n how_o metal_n and_o other_o substance_n that_o accompany_v they_o be_v engender_v chap._n 1._o of_o the_o companion_n of_o metal_n and_o first_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o several_a colour_n thereof_o all_o the_o inanimate_a thing_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v reducible_a into_o one_o of_o these_o four_o kind_n of_o mixture_n viz._n either_o metal_n stone_n earth_n or_o juice_n nature_n produce_v these_o mingle_a one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o because_o the_o art_n of_o separate_n of_o metal_n can_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n without_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o other_o three_o as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v therefore_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o these_o a_o little_a by_o the_o word_n earth_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o pure_a and_o simple_a element_n whereof_o the_o philosopher_n say_v all_o mix_v sublunary_a body_n be_v compose_v neither_o do_v i_o mean_v that_o which_o be_v so_o gross_a as_o it_o remain_v mix_v with_o metal_n vitriol_n or_o other_o juice_n but_o i_o mean_v such_o a_o earthy_a substance_n as_o neither_o melt_v in_o the_o fire_n nor_o dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n as_o metal_n and_o juice_n do_v nor_o be_v so_o compact_a or_o hard_o as_o be_v stone_n some_o report_n aristotle_n to_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o pure_a elementary_a earth_n be_v void_a of_o colour_n strabo_n affirm_v it_o to_o be_v white_a because_o ash_n be_v of_o that_o colour_n but_o the_o miner_n may_v rest_v secure_a that_o dig_v he_o never_o so_o deep_a he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o pure_a element_n of_o earth_n to_o make_v new_a experiment_n by_o because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o world_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a mixture_n of_o the_o element_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o pure_a earth_n that_o have_v be_v find_v cardona_n will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o very_a dark_a grey_n in_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o earth_n we_o see_v how_o rich_a nature_n have_v adorn_v the_o world_n with_o variety_n of_o colour_n cause_v by_o difference_n of_o exhalation_n as_o theoprastus_n say_v or_o by_o difference_n of_o heat_n as_o aristotle_n say_v and_o both_o true_o for_o if_o under_o earth_n that_o have_v not_o its_o natural_a and_o proper_a colour_n there_o be_v find_v metal_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o exhalation_n from_o those_o metal_n have_v discolour_v the_o ground_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o metal_n find_v there_o than_o the_o discolour_n proceed_v from_o the_o consume_a power_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n beside_o the_o discolour_n that_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o exhalation_n carry_v a_o glister_a and_o shine_v along_o with_o it_o and_o the_o discolour_n from_o the_o sun_n over-concoction_n only_o be_v obscure_a or_o iron-coloured_a or_o black_n from_o what_o be_v already_o say_v considerable_a conjectur_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o mine_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o cliff_n or_o by_o the_o tilth_n plough_v up_o upon_o the_o mountain_n as_o daily_a experience_n have_v show_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o spain_n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o divers_a smell_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n in_o produce_v variety_n of_o smell_v of_o earth_n be_v also_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n ordinary_o the_o earth_n smell_v well_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o first_o rain_v after_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n be_v past_a the_o dry_a time_n have_v bake_v together_o the_o moderate_a humidity_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n from_o whence_o all_o good_a smell_n proceed_v and_o the_o first_o rain_v dissolve_v that_o again_o which_o be_v exhale_v by_o moderate_a heat_n make_v the_o good_a scent_n which_o we_o perceive_v some_o sort_n of_o earthen_a vessel_n also_o have_v this_o privilege_n as_o that_o of_o estremos_n in_o portugal_n and_o of_o nata_fw-la in_o panama_n which_o be_v high_o esteem_v in_o europe_n for_o that_o quality_n in_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o malacca_n in_o the_o east-indies_n they_o say_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o smell_v admirable_o in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o be_v little_o esteem_v and_o they_o make_v all_o their_o most_o servile_a sort_n of_o ware_n of_o it_o and_o in_o some_o mine_n good_a smell_a earth_n have_v be_v meet_v withal_o although_o most_o common_o that_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o ill_a scent_n agricola_n relate_v that_o when_o henry_n prince_n of_o saxony_n be_v in_o mariemburg_n there_o come_v so_o sweet_a a_o smell_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v st._n sebastian_n that_o the_o prince_n admire_v thereat_o and_o say_v that_o he_o think_v he_o be_v in_o calivet_n that_o famous_a country_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o for_o its_o rare_a smell_n and_o other_o excellency_n have_v be_v think_v by_o judicious_a man_n to_o be_v the_o paradise_n wherein_o adam_n of_o old_a and_o the_o father_n now_o enjoy_v god_n upon_o earth_n the_o metal_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v palos_n be_v of_o a_o good_a smell_n if_o they_o light_v not_o upon_o some_o bastard_n mineral_n that_o accompany_v and_o have_v infect_v it_o and_o this_o good_a smell_n be_v a_o great_a sign_n of_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o stone_n of_o that_o mine_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o get_v there_o call_v lampos_n this_o experiment_n be_v ordinary_a in_o lead_n or_o tin_n mine_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o miner_n to_o judge_v of_o their_o oar_n by_o the_o smell_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o taste_n other_o sort_n of_o metal_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v a_o ill_a smell_n either_o because_o of_o their_o own_o natural_a distemper_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o be_v general_o mix_v with_o brimston_n copperas_n or_o other_o malignant_a juice_n some_o do_v think_v that_o over_o and_o above_o what_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v some_o matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o stink_a and_o abominable_a that_o it_o do_v correspond_v with_o the_o ordure_n of_o animal_n the_o truth_n be_v that_o there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o earth_n that_o instant_o kill_v with_o a_o pestilential_a smell_n and_o set_v aside_o the_o story_n of_o this_o kind_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o remote_a country_n i_o shall_v relate_v two_o example_n where_o i_o myself_o be_v present_a which_o be_v at_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o rich_a country_n of_o
san_n christoval_n delos_fw-la lip_n at_o that_o time_n in_o a_o beautiful_a high_a hill_n that_o together_o with_o other_o encompass_n the_o dwell_n of_o the_o miner_n two_o galleguares_n find_v a_o mine_n which_o at_o first_o they_o call_v after_o their_o own_o name_n but_o ever_o since_o to_o this_o present_a it_o be_v call_v from_o its_o effect_n the_o stink_a mine_n at_o first_o they_o get_v out_o of_o it_o very_o rich_a oar_n tacana_n between_o white_a chalk_n and_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o sink_v deep_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v over_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o most_o abominable_a ill_n smell_v they_o meet_v withal_o which_o kill_v several_a of_o the_o miner_n indian_n and_o so_o it_o lay_v unwrought_a for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o which_o time_n another_o miner_n i_o be_v then_o in_o the_o country_n undertake_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o work_n of_o it_o think_v that_o have_v lie_v still_o so_o long_o after_o its_o first_o open_v the_o ill_a quality_n will_v have_v be_v evaporate_v but_o that_o experiment_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o two_o indian_n more_o whereupon_o they_o forbear_v the_o work_n and_o have_v do_v so_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o which_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o wonder_v at_o as_o to_o see_v with_o my_o eye_n the_o ground_n open_v in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o that_o mountain_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o forementioned_a i_o and_o in_o dig_v scarce_o a_o yard_n deep_a such_o a_o stink_n come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o force_v the_o labourer_n to_o give_v over_o and_o as_o i_o pass_v by_o those_o pit_n a_o few_o day_n after_o i_o see_v divers_a bird_n and_o serpent_n dead_a in_o they_o have_v be_v entoxicated_a by_o that_o poisonous_a smell_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o forbid_a hill_n until_o divine_a providence_n make_v way_n for_o the_o mining_n of_o the_o same_o be_v build_v dwell_v house_n and_o a_o mill_n to_o grind_v metal_n withal_o adjoin_v unto_o a_o marish_a ground_n which_o in_o every_o place_n where_o they_o dig_v to_o lay_v the_o shallow_a foundation_n of_o those_o building_n the_o same_o smell_n break_v out_o as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v and_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n boil_v like_a unto_o a_o cellar_n full_a of_o wine_n on_o the_o must_v exceed_v troublesome_a and_o noisome_a unto_o we_o though_o we_o be_v stand_v by_o in_o the_o open_a air_n in_o the_o famous_a country_n of_o mine_n verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n in_o which_o the_o indian_n procure_v a_o patent_n to_o dig_v before_o that_o of_o potosi_n be_v in_o use_n because_o its_o vein_n be_v esteem_v much_o rich_a than_o potosi_n and_o upon_o trial_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o and_o the_o oar_n get_v there_o inferior_a to_o none_o in_o the_o indies_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o that_o country_n call_v sancta_fw-la juanna_n a_o miner_n follow_v a_o very_a rich_a and_o plentiful_a vein_n of_o silver_n and_o intend_v to_o discover_v more_o of_o the_o like_a he_o determine_v to_o break_v a_o hole_n into_o a_o old_a vault_n country_n and_o set_v two_o indian_n upon_o the_o work_n who_o after_o a_o few_o blow_n discover_v a_o vacuity_n out_o of_o which_o come_v so_o pestilential_a a_o stink_n that_o kill_v the_o two_o indian_n present_o and_o almost_o stifle_v other_o that_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o they_o in_o the_o mine_n who_o nevertheless_o run_v out_o and_o tell_v their_o master_n what_o have_v happen_v he_o make_v haste_n to_o the_o mine_n hope_v to_o save_v the_o indian_n but_o at_o first_o entrance_n into_o the_o ground_n upon_o the_o stair_n by_o which_o they_o go_v down_o into_o the_o mine_n he_o fall_v down_o dead_a and_o his_o body_n remain_v there_o no_o body_n dare_v to_o go_v down_o and_o take_v it_o away_o to_o bury_v it_o in_o another_o mine_n in_o the_o same_o mountain_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o i_o see_v a_o thick_a exhalation_n or_o poisonous_a vapour_n gush_v forth_o make_v a_o terrible_a noise_n and_o be_v of_o quality_n bad_a enough_o to_o kill_v one_o that_o will_v stay_v long_o in_o that_o mine_n put_v out_o the_o candle_n when_o we_o hold_v they_o to_o it_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o malignity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o constant_a experience_n of_o all_o miner_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v to_o be_v the_o more_o take_v notice_n of_o chap._n 3._o how_o to_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o taste_n the_o artist_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o metal_n before_o he_o give_v his_o judgement_n leave_v no_o experiment_n untried_a that_o may_v be_v considerable_a for_o his_o information_n and_o therefore_o use_v his_o taste_n which_o discover_v the_o pureness_n of_o metal_n as_o well_o as_o smell_v do_v pure_a earth_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o taste_n and_o that_o earth_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o mineral_n common_o have_v a_o bad_a taste_n because_o scarce_o any_o mineral_n but_o be_v a_o dust_n and_o they_o be_v all_o dry_a when_o as_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o sweetness_n or_o good_a taste_n be_v humidity_n now_o since_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v such_o a_o mixture_n in_o it_o be_v great_o dispose_v also_o to_o contain_v metal_n of_o like_a condition_n the_o curious_a miner_n ought_v to_o make_v trial_n by_o taste_v hold_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a truth_n that_o metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o other_o be_v find_v as_o often_o in_o the_o form_n of_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o spanish_a miner_n language_n be_v call_v lampos_n as_o in_o stone_n or_o oar._n the_o taste_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v get_v well_o by_o infuse_v it_o in_o curious_a water_n especial_o if_o you_o set_v it_o upon_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o boil_v once_o or_o twice_o and_o then_o cool_v again_o whereby_o may_v be_v discern_v the_o mixture_n or_o juice_n which_o it_o contain_v and_o one_o that_o will_v improve_v this_o experiment_n may_v separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o infusion_n substantial_o and_o visible_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o place_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o preparation_n of_o metal_n to_o make_v they_o beneficial_a chap._n 4._o of_o the_o name_n and_o use_v of_o some_o sort_n of_o earth_n in_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n some_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o effect_n which_o they_o have_v upon_o man_n body_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unnecessary_a that_o the_o miner_n have_v the_o knowledge_n to_o distinguish_v they_o when_o they_o come_v in_o his_o way_n 1._o lemnian-earth_n so_o call_v from_o the_o island_n lemnos_n where_o it_o be_v find_v be_v very_o red_a and_o much_o like_a unto_o red_a oaker_n or_o red_a lead_n but_o it_o have_v this_o notable_a difference_n that_o it_o will_v not_o colour_v one_o finger_n in_o touch_v it_o as_o do_v the_o other_o it_o be_v esteem_v as_o rich_a as_o gold_n and_o sell_v so_o weight_n for_o weight_n one_o cause_n of_o the_o dearness_n of_o it_o be_v the_o scarcity_n of_o it_o in_o the_o world_n and_o another_o be_v because_o they_o dig_v it_o only_o on_o one_o day_n in_o the_o year_n be_v superstitious_o persuade_v that_o that_o earth_n of_o this_o kind_n only_o have_v virtue_n in_o it_o that_o be_v dug_n upon_o the_o 6_o 16_o of_o august_n it_o be_v a_o rare_a antidote_n against_o any_o kind_n of_o poison_n or_o pestilence_n 2._o that_o earth_n which_o be_v common_o call_v bol_n armeniac_a from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v find_v only_o in_o armenia_n be_v very_o like_o the_o lemnian-earth_n aforesaid_a only_o it_o be_v not_o red_a but_o palish_a white_a or_o sallow-coloured_a there_o be_v excellent_a good_a of_o it_o and_o in_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o west-indian_a mine_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o rich_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n and_o in_o those_o of_o oruro_n divers_a be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o common_a bol_n be_v that_o which_o diascorides_n call_v la_fw-fr rubrica_fw-la synopica_fw-la and_o that_o the_o oriental_a bol_n armeniac_a be_v the_o true_a lemnian-earth_n 3._o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o eritrian-earth_n one_o pure_a white_a the_o other_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n and_o this_o last_o be_v the_o better_a and_o be_v know_v by_o rub_v it_o upon_o polish_a copper_n where_o it_o will_v leave_v a_o tincture_n of_o violet_n colour_n it_o have_v virtue_n to_o stench_n blood_n and_o to_o cool_v and_o heal_v green_a wound_n 4._o the_o earth_n of_o samia_n be_v light_a white_a earth_n and_o will_v stick_v to_o one_o tongue_n if_o you_o touch_v it_o with_o it_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o yet_o will_v melt_v there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o it_o call_v aster_n that_o be_v close_a and_o hard_o as_o a_o stone_n both_o of_o they_o have_v the_o eritrian_a virtue_n in_o they_o viz._n to_o be_v
it_o but_o ammoniac_a which_o in_o greek_a signify_v salt_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o underneath_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n shore_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v find_v congeal_v in_o little_a piece_n by_o its_o internal_a heat_n and_o the_o continual_a burn_a of_o the_o sun_n bake_v so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v make_v the_o bitter_a to_o taste_v of_o all_o kind_n of_o salt_n goldsmith_n use_v it_o more_o than_o the_o physician_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o they_o call_v the_o four_o spirit_n because_o the_o fire_n will_v convert_v they_o into_o smoke_n and_o so_o they_o fly_v away_o the_o other_o three_o be_v 1._o quicksilver_n 2._o sulphur_n 3._o saltpetre_n it_o have_v a_o particular_a property_n to_o cleanse_v and_o colour_n gold_n and_o be_v put_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o that_o aquafortis_n that_o dissolve_v it_o at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v little_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a nitre_n which_o be_v ancient_o make_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n although_o albertus_n magnus_n say_v that_o in_o goselaria_n there_o be_v a_o mountain_n that_o contain_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n of_o copper_n and_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v dry_v become_v nitre_n we_o know_v little_a also_o of_o aphonitro_n which_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o froth_n of_o nitre_n borax_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n chrysolica_n and_o atincar_n be_v a_o artificial_a sort_n of_o nitre_n make_v of_o urine_n stir_v togethet_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o copper_n pan_n with_o a_o ladle_n of_o the_o same_o until_o it_o thicken_v and_o coagulate_v although_o other_o make_v it_o of_o salt-ammoniac_a and_o alum_n nitre_n be_v bitter_a than_o salt_n but_o less_o salt_n saltpetre_n be_v the_o mean_a between_o they_o two_o and_o consist_v of_o very_o dry_a and_o subtle_a part_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o old_a house_n and_o in_o stable_n cow_n house_n hog-sty_n and_o dove-coat_n it_o will_v grow_v again_o in_o the_o same_o earth_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o if_o that_o earth_n be_v throw_v in_o heap_n and_o spare_v and_o take_v care_n of_o or_o if_o ordinary_a earth_n be_v cast_v up_o into_o heap_n and_o water_v with_o brackish_a water_n after_o some_o year_n it_o will_v give_v a_o great_a increase_n as_o profitable_a as_o crop_n of_o grain_n the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o make_v of_o gunpowder_n and_o aquafortis_n be_v very_o well_o know_v it_o be_v use_v also_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o metal_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n 9_o of_o juice_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v betune_n the_o betune_n be_v one_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o do_v most_o damage_n of_o all_o unto_o metal_n especial_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o they_o because_o it_o burn_v they_o and_o make_v they_o become_v dross_n if_o they_o be_v not_o clear_v of_o the_o betune_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o fierce_a fire_n there_o be_v twelve_o sort_n of_o betune_n viz._n asphalto_n pissasphalto_n naptal_a la_fw-fr piedra_n gagete_n azabache_n ampelites_n maltha_n piedra_n thracia_n carbones_fw-la de_fw-fr mina_n ambar_n de_fw-fr cuentas_fw-la ambar_n olorosa_n alcanfor_n but_o few_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v find_v mix_v with_o metal_n all_o betune_n be_v the_o oiliness_n or_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o although_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o alcanphor_n be_v the_o weep_a or_o gum_n of_o the_o tree_n capar_n in_o the_o island_n of_o zebat_fw-la and_o the_o amber_n of_o another_o herb_n call_v polco_n in_o spanish_a whereunto_o it_o be_v common_o find_v stick_v and_o to_o the_o smell_a amber_n they_o ascribe_v for_o its_o original_n a_o great_a fish_n in_o the_o sea_n like_o a_o whale_n because_o there_o be_v great_a resemblance_n between_o it_o and_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la nevertheless_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v that_o such_o substance_n also_o may_v like_v sweat_n as_o it_o be_v issue_n forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v these_o juice_n call_v betune_n asphalto_n be_v find_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o sodom_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n in_o judea_n whereinto_o run_v the_o river_n jordan_n three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o jericho_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o oily_a froth_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o that_o lake_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o wave_n ashore_o and_o there_o condense_n and_o harden_v it_o be_v like_a unto_o pitch_n but_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o better_a colour_n before_o god_n overthrow_v those_o wicked_a city_n of_o sodom_n gomorrha_n admah_n and_o seboim_n that_o fertile_a valley_n have_v little_a of_o this_o betune_n in_o it_o as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o gen._n chap._n 14._o these_o be_v find_v also_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o province_n some_o whereof_o use_v they_o to_o make_v candle_n with_o instead_o of_o oil_n and_o although_o in_o peru_n they_o have_v not_o be_v curious_a in_o further_a search_n than_o how_o best_a to_o work_v their_o oar_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o by_o the_o plenty_n of_o they_o that_o the_o indian_n bring_v it_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v of_o they_o in_o the_o cordillera_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chiriguane_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o lomnia_fw-mi although_o they_o have_v little_a access_n to_o they_o because_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o indian_n that_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pissasphalto_n be_v a_o natural_a composition_n of_o asphalto_n and_o paz_n and_o so_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o declare_v and_o for_o want_v of_o the_o true_a natural_a pissasphalto_n they_o counterfeit_v it_o of_o those_o two_o material_n la_fw-fr napthe_n be_v a_o sulphurous_a liquor_n sometime_o white_a and_o sometime_o black_a also_o and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v oil_n of_o peter_n of_o admirable_a virtue_n to_o cure_v old_a pain_n proceed_v from_o cold_a cause_n it_o will_v draw_v fire_n to_o it_o as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v iron_n with_o that_o force_n that_o it_o will_v take_v fire_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o flame_n as_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o miserable_a experience_n of_o the_o conde_n de_fw-fr hercules_n de_fw-fr icontrarii_n of_o the_o country_n of_o ferara_n who_o have_v a_o well_o in_o his_o ground_n the_o water_n whereof_o be_v mix_v with_o petreol_n and_o by_o some_o breach_n or_o crack_n in_o the_o well_o much_o of_o this_o water_n run_v to_o waste_v command_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v the_o laborer_n that_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o desire_v a_o candle_n the_o better_a to_o see_v his_o work_n which_o be_v furnish_v he_o in_o a_o lantern_n and_o immediate_o through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o lantern_n the_o napthe_n suck_v the_o flame_n into_o itself_o and_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o whole_a well_o which_o discharge_v itself_o instant_o like_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o blow_v the_o poor_a man_n into_o piece_n and_o take_v off_o a_o arm_n of_o a_o tree_n that_o hang_v over_o the_o well_o the_o conde_n himself_o tell_v the_o story_n to_o matiolo_n who_o report_v it_o in_o his_o dioscorides_n asphalto_n and_o pissasphalto_n melt_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o pitch_n or_o wax_n and_o by_o that_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o piedra_n gagate_n or_o ascabache_n and_o also_o from_o pit-coal_n which_o burn_v and_o consume_v itself_o away_o like_o tea_n or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o betune_n in_o these_o province_n although_o i_o persuade_v myself_o there_o be_v if_o they_o be_v seek_v for_o chap._n 10._o of_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n sulphur_n be_v a_o mineral_n the_o most_o universal_o know_v of_o any_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o earthy_a unctuous_a substance_n and_o very_o hot_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n of_o any_o compound_a substance_n the_o chemist_n call_v it_o the_o masculine_a seed_n and_o nature_n first_o agent_n in_o all_o generation_n and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o one_o thing_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o divers_a preparation_n and_o mixture_n of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n it_o have_v happen_v to_o a_o apothecary_n that_o go_v about_o to_o make_v a_o salve_n compound_v of_o those_o two_o material_n he_o have_v find_v the_o result_n to_o be_v a_o plate_n of_o fine_a silver_n after_o many_o consideration_n of_o this_o substance_n thophrastus_fw-la paracelsus_n proceed_v to_o contemplate_v the_o wonder_n produce_v by_o sulphur_n and_o say_v that_o god_n by_o a_o especial_a providence_n have_v conceal_v those_o mystery_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o evident_a confutation_n of_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n for_o this_o mineral_n do_v effect_v it_o and_o he_o teach_v
a_o manner_n all_o copper_n and_o every_o spade_n depth_n as_o they_o dig_v downward_o the_o oar_n grow_v more_o rich_a in_o silver_n until_o it_o come_v to_o be_v pure_a silver_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n where_o the_o water_n increase_v to_o a_o man_n height_n hinder_v they_o from_o prosecute_n be_v far_a riches_n what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v a_o token_n of_o the_o affinity_n between_o the_o matter_n of_o composition_n of_o these_o metal_n and_o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a purification_n be_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o they_o there_o be_v many_o mine_n of_o copper_n in_o these_o province_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o mine_n whereout_o silver_n have_v be_v take_v have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o it_o which_o for_o the_o colour_n sake_n they_o call_v negrillo_n so_o that_o how_o many_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v so_o many_o mine_n there_o be_v whence_o copper_n may_v be_v get_v also_o beside_o there_o be_v mine_n of_o copper_n only_o from_o the_o very_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o there_o be_v divers_a ridge_n of_o hill_n about_o potosi_n that_o be_v full_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o mine_n although_o most_o of_o the_o copper_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o town_n have_v be_v get_v from_o the_o farm_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr laganillas_n and_o now_o be_v get_v from_o that_o of_o yura_n in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a old_a work_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o mountain_n scapi_fw-la two_o league_n from_o chuyca_n there_o be_v another_o also_o wherein_o there_o be_v copper-mettal_n like_o wire_n weave_v a_o league_n from_o sabalcha_n in_o the_o high_a way_n to_o colcha_fw-mi and_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v find_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o province_n yet_o no_o where_o be_v the_o success_n so_o prosperous_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o pereira_n and_o its_o confine_n until_o you_o come_v to_o guatacondo_n in_o atachama_n there_o be_v very_o large_a vein_n of_o copper_n some_o of_o they_o run_v unto_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o tumble_v down_o the_o cliff_n in_o great_a massy_a lump_n of_o this_o metal_n in_o the_o chicas_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o take_v up_o with_o silver_n it_o be_v full_a of_o copper_n mine_n and_o not_o far_o from_o esmoraca_n they_o get_v of_o this_o metal_n weave_v like_o wire_n or_o machacado_fw-it as_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o there_o be_v also_o very_o rich_a copper_n in_o oroncota_n and_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o tarabuco_n many_o pit_n and_o copper-work_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v to_o be_v see_v it_o be_v find_v likewise_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o charcas_n particular_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o maoha_n copoata_fw-la and_o chayanta_n and_o in_o paria_fw-la near_o unto_o oruro_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n the_o hill_n adjoin_v to_o the_o silver_n i_o call_v el_fw-es turco_n be_v full_a of_o copper_n near_o unto_o curaguara_n de_fw-fr palages_n there_o be_v many_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whence_o they_o get_v copper_n machacado_fw-it or_o like_o wire_n weave_v together_o in_o the_o high_a way_n between_o potosi_n and_o julloma_n one_o see_v many_o vein_n of_o copper_n also_o a_o league_n from_o callapa_n in_o the_o road_n that_o go_v to_o the_o city_n paz_n one_o cross_n some_o large_a vein_n of_o it_o not_o far_o from_o caquingora_n there_o be_v divers_a stately_a work_n and_o much_o copper_n machacado_fw-it upon_o a_o white_a chalk_n within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o league_n from_o julloma_n near_o unto_o the_o high_a way_n that_o go_v to_o calacoto_n in_o hill_n of_o dry_a clay_n i_o find_v branch_n or_o small_a vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n like_v unto_o fine_a gold_n whereof_o i_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o which_o be_v scatter_v about_o above_o ground_n there_o be_v of_o this_o metal_n machacado_fw-it in_fw-it choquepina_n near_o unto_o berenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n and_o several_a work_n and_o virgin_n vein_n in_o the_o high_a way_n from_o calacoto_n to_o potosi_n half_o a_o league_n before_o one_o arrive_v there_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o province_n chap._n 30._o of_o iron_n iron_n although_o it_o be_v not_o the_o most_o precious_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o metal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v it_o have_v do_v in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o great_a nature_n have_v make_v it_o so_o hard_a by_o put_v over_o much_o earthy_a part_n or_o fix_a sulphur_n in_o its_o composition_n although_o it_o have_v also_o a_o sufficient_a portion_n of_o humidity_n or_o quicksilver_n so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o very_a violent_a heat_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n it_o do_v not_o break_v into_o small_a piece_n as_o hard_a stone_n do_v but_o receive_v impression_n thereby_o dilate_v and_o extend_v itself_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n cold_a and_o dry_a but_o more_o porous_a than_o other_o and_o therefore_o weigh_v less_o and_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o rust_v and_o decay_v in_o the_o wet_a especial_o in_o salt-water_n which_o penetrate_v most_o it_o waste_v in_o the_o fire_n also_o every_o time_n it_o be_v heat_n fall_v off_o in_o scale_n because_o it_o want_v humidity_n proportionable_a to_o its_o earthiness_n if_o when_o it_o be_v red_a hot_a it_o be_v quench_v in_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v become_v very_o brittle_a because_o the_o heat_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a do_v there_o prey_n upon_o and_o consume_v part_n of_o the_o natural_a moisture_n which_o make_v it_o tough_a and_o malleable_a these_o fertile_a province_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v not_o destitute_a of_o this_o also_o though_o none_o employ_v their_o labour_n to_o seek_v it_o out_o or_o work_v it_o because_o here_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n about_o which_o they_o be_v industrious_a to_o great_a profit_n and_o in_o truck_v for_o it_o they_o buy_v abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a iron_n of_o biscay_n this_o proceed_n be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o when_o one_o consider_v the_o abundance_n of_o copperas_n alum_n quicksilver_n and_o other_o mineral_n which_o be_v yearly_o bring_v from_o spain_n to_o these_o indies_n where_o the_o same_o commodity_n may_v be_v get_v in_o such_o abundance_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v not_o only_o the_o occasion_n of_o these_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o spain_n its_o self_n and_o of_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o oroncota_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o iron_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v encourage_v by_o the_o look_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fair_a appearance_n of_o the_o oar_n they_o find_v follow_v a_o large_a vein_n of_o metal_n hope_v that_o it_o be_v silver_n and_o bring_v i_o some_o of_o the_o oar_n to_o ensay_v it_o the_o which_o i_o do_v and_o undeceive_v they_o by_o tell_v they_o it_o be_v iron_n the_o same_o have_v happen_v in_o other_o vein_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n plicomayo_n five_o leagus_n from_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la although_o that_o oar_n have_v some_o copper_n mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v not_o pure_a iron_n as_o that_o of_o oroncota_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o ancorayme_v a_o town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o omasuyo_n there_o be_v noble_a mine_n wrought_v former_o by_o the_o ingas_n of_o so_o great_a fame_n that_o it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a one_o make_v a_o journey_n purposely_o to_o see_v they_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o hard_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a colour_n although_o there_o be_v find_v together_o with_o it_o much_o oar_n that_o sparkle_v and_o shine_v if_o you_o rub_v piece_n of_o the_o dark_a oar_n together_o it_o produce_v a_o very_a fine_a blood_n colour_n like_o that_o of_o the_o hemmotite_n to_o who_o species_n undoubted_o it_o belong_v and_o be_v full_a of_o iron_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o many_o ensay_v it_o be_v possible_a the_o indian_n follow_v vein_n of_o rich_a metal_n in_o these_o mine_n which_o hitherto_o we_o have_v not_o meet_v withal_o or_o because_o iron_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o they_o dig_v this_o oar_n to_o fit_v it_o to_o their_o gun_n stone-bow_n and_o sling_n it_o be_v not_o inferior_a in_o weight_n or_o hardness_n to_o our_o iron_n bullet_n they_o do_v make_v use_n of_o these_o in_o their_o war_n and_o call_v they_o higuaye_v in_o oruro_n hard_o by_o the_o silver_n mine_n of_o santa_n brigida_n in_o the_o hollow_a between_o the_o hill_n there_o be_v a_o vein_n of_o iron_n of_o which_o out_o of_o curiosity_n and_o for_o example_n only_o when_o i_o be_v
that_o mean_n collect_v the_o silver_n either_o burn_v or_o boil_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n v._o how_o to_o know_v the_o ill_a quality_n that_o infect_v the_o oar_n and_o how_o to_o purge_v they_o away_o of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a quality_n be_v the_o substance_n that_o nature_n have_v produce_v in_o the_o vein_n that_o contain_v the_o oar_n of_o metal_n whether_o they_o be_v abortion_n which_o the_o covetousness_n of_o mankind_n occasion_n by_o tear_v the_o oar_n out_o of_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o its_o full_a time_n which_o otherwise_o will_v come_v to_o be_v metal_n in_o perfection_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v excrementious_a superfluity_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o metal_n they_o be_v usual_o call_v semi-mineral_n and_o be_v salt_n alum_n copperas_n sulphur_n orpiment_n sandaraca_n antimony_n or_o alcohol_n brimstone_n both_o white_a and_o black_a and_o margagita_n scarce_o any_o oar_n be_v get_v that_o do_v not_o participate_v of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o ill_a companion_n all_o of_o then_o be_v hindrance_n to_o the_o extract_a silver_n out_o of_o the_o oar_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o fire_n or_o quicksilver_n those_o that_o partake_v of_o copperas_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v those_o they_o call_v copaquiras_n be_v mortal_a enemy_n of_o quicksilver_n which_o they_o consume_v and_o scatter_v and_o that_o ill_a condition_n be_v heighten_v if_o salt_n be_v mingle_v with_o it_o which_o make_v it_o penetrate_v more_o violent_o and_o sudden_o the_o learned_a raimundus_n know_v this_o antipathy_n very_o well_o and_o have_v leave_v it_o discover_v to_o we_o in_o write_v and_o those_o that_o deal_v in_o metal_n daily_o have_v it_o in_o their_o hand_n and_o yet_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o this_o be_v that_o which_o eat_v up_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o dissipate_v the_o caxome_n of_o metal_n and_o have_v occasion_v so_o great_a a_o expense_n of_o metal_n namely_o iron_n lead_v tinn_n and_o lime_n whosoever_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o make_v experiment_n hereof_o let_v he_o mix_v a_o little_a quicksilver_n with_o copperas_n well_o ground_n and_o water_n and_o he_o shall_v see_v in_o a_o instant_n all_o the_o quicksilver_n dissolve_v and_o lose_v especial_o if_o he_o put_v a_o little_a salt_n to_o the_o former_a composition_n this_o will_v be_v no_o wonder_n to_o those_o that_o know_v mercury_n to_o be_v quicksilver_n and_o that_o the_o great_a change_n in_o its_o substance_n be_v cause_v by_o copperas_n and_o salt_n wherewith_o it_o be_v mingle_v and_o then_o sublimate_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n this_o be_v the_o great_a poison_n to_o the_o refination_n by_o quicksilver_n although_o sometime_o it_o be_v useful_a and_o serve_v like_o treacle_n to_o those_o sort_n of_o oar_n which_o have_v use_v of_o it_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o place_n hereafter_o this_o inconvenience_n be_v find_v out_o and_o remedy_v with_o very_a much_o ease_n grind_v a_o little_a oar_n and_o put_v some_o fair_a water_n to_o it_o heat_n it_o the_o more_o the_o better_o stir_v it_o well_o and_o then_o let_v it_o stand_v a_o while_n then_o pour_v out_o the_o clear_a water_n into_o another_o vessel_n leave_v the_o sedement_n behind_o undisturbed_a prove_v it_o by_o the_o taste_n and_o you_o shall_v well_o judge_v what_o mixture_n it_o have_v by_o its_o dry_a or_o sour_a taste_n and_o whosoever_o desire_v a_o ocular_a demonstration_n of_o this_o let_v he_o set_v the_o aforesaid_a water_n upon_o a_o gentle_a fire_n simper_a until_o the_o moisture_n be_v consume_v and_o he_o shall_v see_v with_o his_o eye_n in_o that_o which_o remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n either_o alum_n or_o copperas_n bath_n the_o oar_n in_o the_o manner_n abovesaid_a so_o often_o as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a until_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o it_o be_v sweet_a and_o without_o taste_n or_o that_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o bright_a piece_n of_o iron_n it_o do_v not_o stain_v it_o with_o the_o colour_n of_o copper_n and_o then_o that_o oar_n be_v perfect_o cleanse_v and_o secure_a not_o to_o hurt_v the_o quicksilver_n when_o it_o be_v put_v unto_o it_o although_o sulphur_n betun_n and_o antimony_n do_v oftentimes_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o the_o sight_n yet_o a_o better_a way_n of_o find_v they_o out_o be_v by_o the_o smell_n which_o come_v from_o the_o oar_n when_o it_o be_v well_o burn_v in_o the_o fire_n but_o for_o full_a satisfaction_n herein_o they_o may_v be_v discover_v and_o clear_v from_o the_o oar_n in_o the_o manner_n follow_v grind_v the_o oar_n somewhat_o gross_a and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o earthen_a pipkin_n that_o be_v not_o glaze_v that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o small_a hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o close_o then_o fit_a a_o vessel_n of_o water_n round_o about_o it_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o do_v when_o they_o clear_v the_o pine_n apple_n from_o quicksilver_n and_o put_v fire_n under_o the_o same_o basin_n of_o water_n wherein_o all_o the_o smoke_n that_o go_v out_o of_o those_o little_a hole_n will_v settle_v and_o there_o you_o shall_v see_v congeal_v and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n the_o sulphur_n antimony_n or_o betun_n each_o in_o his_o proper_a form_n when_o the_o oar_n will_v smoke_v no_o long_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o it_o be_v clear_a of_o those_o impediment_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o direct_a enemy_n to_o quicksilver_n in_o raw_a oar_n yet_o the_o varnish_n which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o silver_n hinder_v the_o quicksilver_n from_o lay_v hold_n of_o it_o and_o unite_n it_o together_o and_o by_o the_o brittleness_n and_o asperity_n like_o glass_n which_o those_o oar_n have_v that_o participate_v of_o the_o impediment_n aforesaid_a they_o cut_v and_o divide_v the_o quicksilver_n when_o they_o be_v stir_v together_o into_o small_a white_a pin_n head_n as_o it_o be_v which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v lis._n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o burn_v this_o sort_n of_o oar_n although_o it_o be_v good_a to_o melt_v they_o first_o before_o they_o put_v they_o into_o the_o fierce_a fire_n because_o without_o that_o preparation_n the_o silver_n will_v all_o be_v turn_v into_o dross_n the_o margagita_n that_o be_v in_o oar_n discover_v itself_o but_o too_o plain_o to_o the_o eye_n by_o its_o weight_n and_o sharp_a glassy_a quality_n it_o divide_v the_o quicksilver_n into_o small_a lis_n when_o they_o stir_v they_o together_o those_o ill_a quality_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o fire_n if_o you_o burn_v it_o therein_o until_o its_o gloss_n and_o shine_a be_v go_v it_o do_v most_o hurt_v unto_o that_o oar_n which_o they_o melt_v the_o abundance_n of_o sulphur_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v make_v a_o great_a scum_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o much_o stifle_v the_o fundition_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o grind_n of_o the_o oar_n of_o metal_n the_o grind_n of_o oar_n be_v a_o preparation_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o get_n out_o of_o it_o the_o silver_n or_o gold_n that_o it_o contain_v by_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o meal_n be_v a_o principal_a mean_n of_o shorten_v the_o work_n and_o clear_a extraction_n of_o the_o plate_n one_o fault_n among_o many_o which_o the_o blockishness_n of_o this_o country_n have_v commit_v have_v be_v to_o make_v the_o meal_n very_o gross_a or_o to_o leave_v many_o lump_n therein_o there_o need_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o quicksilver_n attract_v or_o incorporate_v with_o itself_o that_o silver_n which_o it_o immediate_o touch_v so_o that_o the_o metal_n which_o be_v in_o middle_n of_o any_o lump_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n and_o have_v more_o or_o less_o loss_n in_o it_o according_a to_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o original_a oar_n and_o according_a to_o the_o richness_n or_o coursness_n of_o the_o meal_n i_o have_v make_v divers_a trial_n of_o grind_v those_o lump_n over_o again_o and_o find_v that_o in_o they_o remain_v when_o least_o the_o six_o part_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o oar_n when_o it_o be_v first_o take_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o a_o whole_a year_n work_v and_o incredible_a in_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o metal_n that_o have_v be_v already_o get_v agricola_n after_o have_v teach_v the_o way_n of_o grind_v &_o sift_v of_o metal_n which_o they_o now_o practice_v in_o the_o mill_n teach_v a_o way_n how_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o extraordinary_a fine_a flower_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o horse_n mill_n with_o stone_n like_o mill_n stone_n he_o think_v this_o pain_n to_o be_v necessary_a although_o to_o a_o end_n different_a from_o that_o refine_n which_o we_o now_o practice_v wherein_o it_o be_v clear_o and_o indispenseable_o necessary_a
i_o learn_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v this_o from_o one_o that_o have_v get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n by_o grind_v the_o lump_n over_o again_o although_o he_o do_v not_o take_v out_o all_o the_o plate_n because_o he_o ground_n they_o in_o a_o ordinary_a mill_n who_o hammer_n can_v not_o beat_v it_o so_o small_a as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v for_o the_o lump_n either_o slip_v away_o from_o under_o the_o hammer_n or_o be_v uneven_a one_o defend_v the_o other_o from_o the_o stroke_n to_o have_v good_a sives_z and_o care_n in_o lift_v they_o up_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n to_o this_o matter_n but_o not_o a_o full_a remedy_n after_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o oar_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v of_o rich_a metal_n be_v the_o best_a gather_v up_o of_o lump_n to_o regrind_v if_o they_o burn_v the_o lump_n they_o will_v yield_v more_o flour_n because_o some_o of_o the_o lump_n will_v calcine_v and_o be_v smooth_a and_o other_o will_v swell_v and_o grow_v more_o spongy_a whereby_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o hammer_n will_v have_v better_a effect_n upon_o they_o i_o do_v use_v another_o way_n of_o preparation_n by_o boil_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o which_o i_o do_v hold_v more_o proper_a to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o refination_n by_o quicksilver_n put_v the_o oar_n ground_n and_o searse_v into_o a_o skillet_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o if_o it_o be_v already_o incorporate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o ready_a for_o wash_v then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n upon_o it_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o ladle_n or_o hand-mill_n whereby_o all_o the_o fine_a will_v swim_v a_o top_n and_o the_o gross_a and_o ill_a ground_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n take_v away_o the_o fine_a with_o a_o ladle_n put_v it_o in_o the_o melt_a pot_n and_o boil_v it_o grind_v the_o grosser_n part_n again_o in_o a_o mill_n or_o a_o mortar_n until_o it_o become_v all_o meal_n if_o i_o desire_v to_o make_v a_o xove_v of_o the_o fine_a sort_n after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o refine_n i_o must_v mingle_v some_o pure_a sand_n therewith_o that_o it_o may_v swell_v and_o want_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o that_o kind_n of_o oar_n use_v to_o be_v accompany_v withal_o chap._n vii_o touch_v the_o burn_a of_o oar._n the_o burn_v of_o oar_n be_v useful_a for_o two_o purpose_n viz._n 1._o that_o it_o may_v grind_v the_o better_a 2._o that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o better_a disposition_n for_o the_o quicksilver_n to_o lay_v hold_n of_o and_o incorporate_v itself_o with_o the_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o be_v plain_a and_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o latter_a since_o they_o order_v all_o the_o negrillo_n or_o black_a oar_n in_o that_o manner_n but_o general_o not_o understand_v the_o reason_n thereof_o and_o certain_o in_o all_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n nothing_o be_v practise_v so_o much_o by_o guess_n or_o chance_n and_o without_o know_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o as_o this_o be_v refiner_n will_v say_v they_o burn_v the_o oar_n to_o clear_v it_o of_o ill_a quality_n not_o apprehend_v that_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o fire_n enough_o they_o shall_v quite_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o that_o according_a as_o they_o burn_v it_o more_o the_o worse_o condition_v be_v the_o oar_n and_o needs_o the_o help_n of_o some_o other_o material_a to_o prevent_v that_o all_o the_o silver_n and_o quicksilver_n too_o that_o be_v in_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v there_o be_v but_o one_o enemy_n natural_o opposite_a unto_o quicksilver_n as_o have_v be_v say_v already_o and_o that_o be_v the_o copperas_n and_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o useless_a for_o the_o vanquish_a that_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o multiply_v and_o increase_v it_o and_o if_o the_o oar_n have_v no_o copperas_n in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o fire_n will_v beget_v and_o produce_v it_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v by_o experiment_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o negrillos_n or_o black_a oar_n in_o which_o the_o fire_n increase_v the_o copperas_n so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o use_v other_o material_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o to_o repair_v that_o damage_n although_o if_o they_o have_v thorough_o understand_v this_o matter_n they_o may_v have_v cheap_a and_o easy_a do_v it_o by_o wash_v the_o oar_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o until_o it_o be_v clear_v of_o all_o the_o copperas_n the_o ignorance_n of_o which_o remedy_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a waste_n and_o loss_n other_o disease_n of_o oar_n do_v not_o direct_o injure_v the_o quicksilver_n only_o by_o the_o varnish_n and_o glassy_a quality_n which_o they_o give_v they_o hinder_v the_o plate_n and_o quicksilver_n from_o incorporate_n and_o make_v a_o mass_n together_o and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o burn_v the_o oar_n so_o long_o until_o it_o change_v colour_n and_o lose_v the_o lustre_n and_o sparkle_a that_o it_o have_v to_o know_v the_o oar_n that_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v burn_v if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refine_v by_o quicksilver_n the_o lustre_n and_o shine_a aforesaid_a be_v a_o certain_a sign_n the_o fire_n will_v not_o prejudice_v that_o oar_n they_o call_v paco_n and_o if_o it_o have_v any_o mixture_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a impediment_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v burn_v chap._n viii_o touch_v the_o damage_n that_o result_v from_o the_o burn_a of_o oar._n man_n have_v hitherto_o proceed_v by_o chance_n as_o it_o be_v and_o without_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n contain_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o oar_n have_v judge_v he_o the_o best_a refiner_n that_o have_v get_v most_o silver_n by_o one_o operation_n leave_v it_o doubtful_a whether_o any_o more_o or_o no_o be_v to_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o oar_n especial_o in_o the_o negrillos_fw-la and_o oar_n that_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o burn_a this_o doubt_n have_v be_v great_a there_o be_v less_o certainty_n here_o where_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v much_o the_o great_a and_o from_o hence_o man_n have_v find_v no_o less_o inconvenience_n by_o mistake_v on_o the_o one_o hand_n than_o on_o the_o other_o wherefore_o this_o manner_n of_o preparation_n have_v be_v esteem_v as_o dangerous_a as_o profitable_a with_o skill_n and_o curiosity_n one_o may_v observe_v many_o wonder_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o burn_a of_o oar_n the_o part_n of_o iron_n and_o brimstone_n which_o common_o accompany_v the_o oar_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fire_n be_v convert_v into_o vitriol_n or_o green_a copperas_n this_o afterward_o be_v turn_v into_o fine_a copper_n again_o the_o copper_n calcine_v dissolve_v in_o water_n like_o salt_n the_o which_o strain_v and_o evaporate_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n coagulate_v into_o another_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n or_o blue_a copperas_n like_v unto_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o stone_n lip_n and_o be_v of_o admirable_a virtue_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o almost_o all_o metal_n into_o copper_n the_o purity_n of_o silver_n itself_o do_v not_o excuse_v it_o from_o be_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o metamorphosis_n for_o if_o the_o oar_n have_v in_o it_o any_o alum_n copperas_n saltpetre_n or_o nitre_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v calcine_v the_o silver_n so_o that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o not_o be_v lay_v hold_v on_o by_o quicksilver_n without_o use_v some_o new_a artifice_n and_o even_o salt_n alone_o as_o it_o grow_v incorporate_v in_o the_o oar_n or_o mingle_v with_o it_o in_o the_o fire_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o shall_v appear_v evident_o in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n chap._n ix_o experiment_n which_o prove_v the_o damage_n by_o the_o burn_a of_o oar_n if_o they_o be_v not_o know_v and_o remedy_v grin_v a_o piece_n of_o oar_n that_o have_v copper_n or_o iron_n in_o it_o and_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n try_v if_o there_o be_v any_o copperas_n in_o it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v clear_v the_o oar_n of_o it_o by_o wash_v of_o it_o and_o after_o it_o be_v dry_a burn_v it_o well_o and_o put_v it_o into_o water_n again_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v much_o copperas_n anew_o produce_v by_o the_o fire_n the_o refiner_n daily_o do_v this_o with_o their_o hand_n although_o they_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o although_o this_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v every_o body_n yet_o for_o great_a confirmation_n of_o this_o secret_a to_o grind_v oar_n of_o copper_n or_o iron_n and_o melt_v it_o into_o thin_a plate_n and_o grind_v some_o sulphur_n and_o in_o a_o crusiple_n or_o earthen_a pot_n unglaze_v put_v a_o lare_fw-la of_o that_o sulphur_n and_o upon_o that_o lie_v
one_o of_o the_o plate_n and_o proceed_v in_o that_o order_n as_o far_o as_o you_o think_v fit_a stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o well_o that_o it_o give_v no_o vent_n and_o after_o it_o be_v dry_a put_v it_o between_o red_a hot_a coal_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o encompass_v it_o round_o about_o but_o do_v not_o touch_v it_o after_o the_o crusiple_n be_v sufficient_o hot_a put_v the_o fire_n near_o to_o it_o and_o at_o last_o make_v the_o fire_n fierce_a but_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o melt_v the_o plate_n then_o take_v it_o out_o and_o the_o plate_n will_v look_v black_a and_o be_v brittle_a grind_v they_o very_o fine_a and_o put_v the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o weight_n of_o beat_a sulphur_n together_o with_o they_o into_o a_o piece_n of_o break_a pot_n or_o earthen_a basin_n upon_o embers_o heat_v they_o so_o as_o you_o heat_v a_o ensay_n of_o the_o black_a oar_n stir_v they_o continual_o until_o the_o sulphur_n have_v leave_v smoke_v and_o the_o often_o you_o repeat_v this_o the_o better_a last_o of_o all_o be_v well_o beat_v and_o hot_a or_o else_o the_o water_n hot_a and_o after_o a_o little_a time_n boil_v the_o water_n and_o if_o it_o colour_n bright_a iron_n of_o a_o copper_n colour_n that_o the_o water_n evaporate_v by_o a_o gentle_a fire_n until_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o cream_n then_o take_v it_o off_o and_o set_v it_o a_o cool_a and_o it_o will_v congeal_v into_o most_o beautiful_a transparent_a copperas_n green_a if_o the_o plate_n be_v of_o iron_n or_o blow_v if_o the_o plate_n be_v of_o copper_n dissolve_v this_o copperas_n or_o stone_n lipis_fw-la in_o water_n and_o put_v steel_n or_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o it_o turn_v into_o most_o pure_a copper_n smooth_a and_o soft_a as_o gold_n after_o it_o be_v new_o melt_v if_o one_o melt_v lead_n or_o tin_n and_o pour_v it_o in_o small_a drop_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o that_o water_n the_o whole_a superficies_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o copper_n and_o the_o often_o it_o be_v repeat_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v transform_v until_o no_o lead_n remain_v tin_n be_v very_o easy_o turn_v into_o brass_n i_o be_v the_o first_o which_o in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lipis_fw-la find_v out_o and_o publish_v these_o secret_n also_o silver_n be_v turn_v into_o copper_n if_o it_o be_v make_v very_o fine_a and_o with_o much_o salt_n a_o experiment_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o high_o esteem_v by_o the_o refiner_n as_o the_o turn_a copper_n into_o silver_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v a_o common_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v not_o its_o virtue_n will_v be_v hold_v miraculous_a it_o turn_v silver_n into_o water_n and_o calcines_fw-la it_o into_o dust_n it_o be_v make_v of_o copperas_n or_o alum_n and_o saltpetre_n the_o spirit_n that_o fly_v from_o any_o of_o these_o substance_n when_o oar_n that_o contain_v they_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o furnace_n work_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o beat_a brick_n and_o salt_n especial_o of_o the_o rock_n be_v make_v a_o cement_n wherewith_o they_o separate_v silver_n from_o gold_n these_o two_o attract_v the_o silver_n to_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n only_o calcine_v it_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o oar_n they_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n the_o silver_n be_v calcine_v in_o either_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o water_n dissolve_v in_o it_o like_o salt_n and_o the_o water_n look_v white_a as_o milk_n and_o will_v spot_v one_o hand_n or_o nail_n if_o you_o touch_v it_o notable_a sign_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la in_o silver_n whereunto_o refiner_n ought_v to_o have_v great_a regard_n that_o it_o destroy_v not_o their_o silver_n these_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v in_o the_o burn_a of_o metal_n beside_o another_o which_o anon_o shall_v be_v discover_v and_o though_o the_o proper_a way_n of_o avoid_v they_o be_v cast_v or_o melt_v the_o oar_n which_o render_v useful_a not_o only_o that_o metal_n which_o be_v precious_a but_o also_o the_o base_a sort_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o place_n nevertheless_o because_o all_o place_n do_v not_o afford_v conveniency_n for_o melt_a down_o oar_n nor_o all_o oar_n contain_v metal_n rich_a enough_o to_o pay_v the_o cost_n let_v the_o aforesaid_a inconvenience_n when_o they_o happen_v be_v remedy_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n which_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o hereafter_o although_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o prepare_v oar_n without_o burn_v so_o as_o to_o yield_v that_o quantity_n of_o plate_n it_o do_v by_o quicksilver_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v where_o the_o refination_n by_o boil_a be_v treat_v of_o chap._n x._o whether_o the_o oar_n ought_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o stone_n or_o in_o the_o meal_n they_o use_v to_o burn_v oar_n in_o the_o stone_n or_o in_o the_o meal_n and_o burn_v it_o in_o the_o meal_n they_o better_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o oar_n for_o take_v care_n to_o stir_v it_o well_o about_o and_o mix_v it_o equal_o in_o the_o furnace_n take_v out_o a_o small_a quantity_n and_o put_v quicksilver_n and_o salt_n thereunto_o in_o a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n by_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n you_o shall_v quick_o know_v what_o the_o oar_n be_v whether_o it_o begin_v to_o grow_v like_o lead_n or_o no_o and_o whether_o the_o lead_v be_v gross_a or_o fine_a or_o whether_o there_o be_v need_n of_o more_o material_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o to_o continue_v or_o stop_v the_o burn_a of_o it_o according_a as_o every_o refiner_n by_o his_o own_o experience_n have_v find_v to_o succeed_v best_a with_o it_o out_o of_o that_o oar_n which_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o stone_n can_v be_v choose_v this_o equality_n because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n can_v be_v equal_o communicate_v to_o stone_n in_o a_o divers_a situation_n and_o of_o different_a bigness_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o small_a stone_n be_v soon_o heat_n than_o the_o great_a and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o furnace_n soon_o than_o those_o that_o touch_v the_o side_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o burn_v be_v subject_a to_o least_o damage_n beside_o that_o it_o facilitate_v the_o grind_n of_o the_o oar._n it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o burn_v oar_n already_o ground_n by_o reverberation_n because_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o fire_n burn_v the_o sulphur_n or_o betun_n which_o it_o contain_v and_o suffer_v it_o not_o to_o discharge_v itself_o by_o little_a and_o little_a but_o oblige_v it_o to_o mingle_v itself_o with_o the_o silver_n and_o altogether_o to_o turn_v it_o into_o dross_n moreover_o the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n raise_v up_o the_o settle_a part_n of_o the_o silver_n when_o they_o stir_v the_o oar_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o smoke_n blow_v it_o out_o of_o the_o furnace_n the_o most_o secure_a way_n of_o burn_a oar_n already_o ground_n be_v to_o do_v it_o by_o a_o tostadillo_n or_o preserve_v pan_n make_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o furnace_n as_o shall_v be_v direct_v hereafter_o and_o because_o the_o meal_n be_v wont_n by_o the_o fire_n to_o gather_v into_o little_a lump_n or_o else_o to_o grow_v spongy_a and_o gross_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o grind_v it_o over_o again_o before_o it_o be_v incorporate_v the_o best_a way_n of_o all_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v to_o burn_v it_o in_o the_o stone_n because_o it_o facilitate_v and_o save_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o grind_n and_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o fine_a silver_n fly_v away_o in_o the_o smoke_n and_o where_o the_o oar_n be_v incorporate_v in_o hard_a pebble_n and_o flint_n which_o be_v very_o untractable_a stone_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o burn_v they_o other_o sort_n of_o oar_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v burn_v alone_o but_o in_o meal_n with_o the_o mixture_n which_o shall_v be_v prescribe_v according_a to_o the_o ill_a quality_n wherewith_o they_o be_v affect_v chap._n xi_o of_o material_n to_o be_v mix_v with_o oar_n when_o they_o burn_v it_o it_o be_v no_o extraordinary_a but_o a_o common_a thing_n for_o iron_n to_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n oar_n and_o the_o oar_n that_o be_v so_o affect_v be_v most_o difficult_a for_o burn_v or_o fundition_n either_o it_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o heat_n be_v penetration_n into_o it_o and_o also_o by_o a_o loadstone_n pass_v it_o over_o the_o oar_n after_o it_o be_v well_o burn_v and_o ground_n which_o will_v snatch_v up_o the_o iron_n if_o there_o be_v any_o and_o more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n mix_v with_o the_o oar._n this_o kind_n of_o oar_n after_o it_o be_v ground_n aught_o to_o be_v mix_v with_o sulphur_n or_o which_o be_v better_o with_o the_o
bigness_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o convenience_n he_o have_v to_o perform_v it_o in_o but_o in_o no_o case_n let_v he_o burn_v any_o oar_n with_o salt_n beside_o that_o it_o help_v to_o calcine_v the_o silver_n it_o give_v a_o strong_a force_n to_o those_o ill_a fume_n which_o be_v in_o the_o oar_n to_o penetrate_v into_o and_o spoil_v the_o silver_n one_o can_v well_o tell_v the_o set_a number_n of_o hour_n wherein_o one_o ought_v to_o let_v oar_n continue_v in_o the_o fire_n but_o the_o sure_a rule_n to_o know_v when_o the_o oar_n be_v well_o condition_v be_v by_o ensay_v some_o of_o the_o burn_a meal_n when_o if_o the_o quicksilver_n remain_v entire_a and_o clear_a and_o silver_n stick_v about_o it_o like_v drive_v snow_n than_o it_o be_v burn_v enough_o and_o the_o fire_n continue_v will_v certain_o produce_v this_o effect_n if_o the_o oar_n be_v mingle_v with_o due_a material_n and_o in_o a_o just_a quantity_n in_o order_n to_o which_o as_o also_o in_o the_o oar_n they_o call_v paco_n let_v they_o make_v lesser_a ensay_v to_o know_v what_o quantity_n of_o material_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o furnace_n with_o every_o kintal_n of_o oar_n but_o because_o these_o ensay_v be_v seldom_o make_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v let_v the_o follow_a rule_n be_v observe_v when_o the_o oar_n in_o the_o furance_n leau_v smell_v ill_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o have_v discharge_v itself_o of_o all_o the_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n that_o be_v in_o it_o when_o that_o oar_n charge_v with_o betun_n and_o at_o the_o first_o come_v into_o the_o furnace_n throw_v out_o a_o thick_a and_o black_a smoke_n by_o degree_n send_v forth_o a_o thin_a and_o white_a fume_n it_o show_v that_o inconvenience_n to_o be_v cure_v when_o oar_n change_v colour_n lose_v the_o sparkle_a that_o it_o have_v and_o of_o negrillo_n become_v paco_n it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o it_o be_v well_o dispose_v for_o the_o quicksilver_n although_o in_o this_o there_o be_v exceed_o great_a latitude_n that_o oar_n which_o contain_v copperas_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o fire_n must_v first_o be_v cleanse_v by_o wash_v in_o meal_n as_o have_v be_v say_v otherwise_o when_o it_o come_v in_o the_o furnace_n it_o will_v become_v very_o red_a as_o may_v be_v see_v if_o one_o burn_v copperas_n alone_o in_o the_o fire_n when_o ensay_v a_o little_a of_o the_o meal_n burn_v the_o quicksilver_n begin_v to_o look_v like_o lead_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o copper_n or_o iron_n which_o the_o metal_n contain_v together_o with_o the_o mixture_n of_o sulphur_n the_o antimony_n or_o margagita_n be_v turn_v into_o copperas_n and_o that_o the_o fast_o the_o long_o the_o fire_n continue_v take_v a_o pound_n of_o the_o meal_n out_o of_o the_o furnace_n whilst_o it_o be_v hot_a put_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n and_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o three_o or_o four_o finger_n deep_a then_o stir_v it_o a_o while_n and_o let_v it_o settle_v then_o if_o the_o water_n turn_v white_a or_o stain_v one_o nail_n or_o change_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o tag_n of_o point_n put_v thereinto_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o silver_n calcine_v and_o dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n like_o salt_n save_v this_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o pour_v more_o upon_o the_o oar_n two_o or_o three_o time_n or_o as_o often_o as_o be_v necessary_a till_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v white_a and_o all_o the_o silver_n that_o be_v calcine_v will_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o oar_n let_v the_o water_n evaporate_v by_o a_o gentle_a fire_n and_o all_o the_o plate_n will_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n and_o become_v fit_a for_o use_v by_o melt_v if_o the_o water_n into_o which_o the_o hot_a oar_n be_v put_v give_v no_o sign_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v calcine_v dip_v polish_a iron_n into_o it_o and_o if_o it_o come_v out_o colour_v like_o copper_n there_o be_v much_o copperas_n in_o the_o metal_n wherefore_o wash_v the_o metal_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v teach_v until_o it_o be_v clear_v of_o the_o copperas_n and_o change_v not_o the_o colour_n of_o iron_n save_v the_o water_n of_o this_o operation_n for_o they_o be_v very_o useful_a in_o the_o refine_v oar_n that_o have_v need_n of_o it_o and_o if_o you_o shall_v take_v out_o and_o melt_v the_o sedement_n that_o be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o water_n fine_a copper_n will_v be_v produce_v thereby_o or_o silver_n if_o any_o such_o have_v be_v calcine_v ensay_n the_o oar_n so_o dispose_v in_o little_a by_o quicksilver_n as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o oar_n paco_n until_o by_o experience_n you_o have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n how_o to_o refine_v in_o great_a quantity_n so_o that_o you_o may_v get_v as_o much_o silver_n as_o you_o know_v that_o oar_n contain_v by_o ensay_v of_o melt_v in_o the_o fire_n let_v no_o body_n condemn_v these_o for_o tedious_a and_o unnecessary_a curiosity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o profitable_a and_o important_a in_o these_o matter_n nor_o less_o common_o know_v and_o by_o the_o care_n &_o pain_n of_o a_o few_o day_n the_o refiner_n will_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o sort_n and_o quality_n of_o oar_n that_o come_v to_o his_o hand_n and_o know_v how_o to_o proceed_v with_o they_o without_o weary_v himself_o with_o make_v ensaye_n but_o for_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v the_o oar_n never_o come_v to_o be_v perfect_o refine_v until_o the_o silver_n little_a or_o much_o that_o it_o contain_v be_v purify_v and_o whitned_a in_o the_o meal_n and_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o put_v it_o in_o that_o estate_n since_o the_o oar_n paco_n of_o lead_n may_v be_v reduce_v thereunto_o only_o by_o burn_v and_o the_o negrillo_n and_o other_o also_o that_o have_v sulphur_n in_o they_o which_o stain_v and_o black_n the_o silver_n although_o it_o must_v be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o fire_n before_o it_o come_v to_o this_o and_o both_o one_o sort_n of_o oar_n &_o the_o other_o must_v have_v boiling_n and_o liquor_n often_o pass_v through_o they_o which_o do_v cleanse_v and_o whiten_v the_o silver_n such_o as_o millo_n alum_n salt_n and_o other_o the_o oar_n be_v in_o this_o condition_n need_v no_o other_o material_a but_o quicksilver_n which_o in_o less_o than_o four_o day_n time_n will_v gather_v together_o all_o the_o silver_n and_o be_v very_o little_o consume_v itself_o because_o the_o short_a time_n of_o operation_n the_o absence_n of_o ill_a quality_n and_o the_o seldom_o time_n repass_v it_o through_o the_o oar_n will_v not_o regrind_v or_o disperse_v it_o to_o powder_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a reason_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o quicksilver_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o quicksilver_n defer_v until_o another_o occasion_n which_o it_o may_v be_v in_o due_a time_n will_v offer_v itself_o to_o treat_v purposely_o of_o quicksilver_n and_o some_o excrement_n thereof_o of_o no_o less_o profit_n than_o curiosity_n for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v only_o say_v with_o that_o phoenix_n of_o science_n in_o his_o intellective_a art_n which_o all_o do_v follow_v who_o treat_v of_o the_o hide_a philosophy_n of_o metal_n that_o nature_n have_v make_v this_o body_n of_o so_o uniform_a a_o substance_n and_o of_o part_n so_o perfect_o unite_v that_o even_o the_o fire_n his_o great_a enemy_n as_o the_o vulgar_a think_v be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o by_o divide_v to_o corrupt_v and_o destory_n it_o as_o it_o visible_o do_v all_o other_o metal_n and_o body_n in_o the_o world_n except_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o quicksilver_n retain_v its_o whole_a entire_a substance_n in_o the_o fire_n if_o it_o be_v prepare_v on_o purpose_n for_o it_o which_o many_o person_n know_v how_o to_o do_v or_o else_o all_o of_o it_o will_v fly_v quite_o away_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n and_o meet_v with_o any_o body_n that_o refresh_v it_o it_o will_v condense_a therein_o in_o its_o own_o proper_a form_n without_o be_v diminish_v one_o hair_n either_o in_o weight_n or_o quantity_n neither_o also_o do_v the_o ill_a quality_n that_o be_v ordinary_o find_v in_o oar_n corrupt_a quicksilver_n in_o vein_n wherein_o it_o be_v beget_v nor_o in_o the_o chest_n wherein_o they_o refine_v for_o although_o copperas_n do_v dissolve_v it_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v consume_v and_o be_v sublimate_v in_o copperas_n and_o common_a salt_n it_o be_v transform_v and_o turn_v into_o that_o which_o we_o call_v mercury_n that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o be_v total_o destroy_v and_o turn_v into_o another_o species_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o all_o those_o accident_n have_v their_o remedy_n and_o it_o be_v neither_o impossible_a nor_o very_o difficult_a
the_o bottom_n contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o metal_n intend_v to_o be_v clear_v at_o one_o time_n set_v it_o upon_o a_o trevet_n of_o strong_a earthen_a be_v or_o of_o iron_n case_v with_o earth_n in_o a_o furnace_n of_o sufficient_a bigness_n to_o put_v wood_n or_o coal_n under_o it_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v at_o a_o mouth_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o furnace_n both_o the_o top_n bottom_n and_o side_n be_v to_o be_v very_o close_o except_v one_o little_a hole_n at_o the_o top_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v most_o convenient_a to_o give_v respiration_n dispose_v the_o vessel_n aforesaid_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o do_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o cannon_n in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o use_v quicksilver_n so_o that_o it_o may_v look_v out_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o furnace_n one_o large_a finger_n breadth_n or_o two_o that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o join_v with_o another_o vessel_n to_o be_v put_v a_o top_n of_o it_o which_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o the_o caperuca_n put_v the_o pellet_n or_o mettle_n aforesaid_a well_o knead_v together_o in_o cake_n of_o what_o form_n you_o please_v into_o the_o vessel_n and_o lest_o the_o plate_n shall_v melt_v and_o stick_v to_o the_o iron_n vessel_n let_v it_o have_v a_o thin_a coat_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o earthen_a ware_n or_o such_o as_o crusibles_fw-fr be_v make_v of_o cover_v this_o vessel_n with_o a_o large_a limbeck_n head_n make_v of_o hammer_v iron_n or_o copper_n or_o of_o very_o good_a earthen_a ware_n well_o glaze_v and_o out_o of_o it_o draw_v a_o long_a pipe_n a_o little_a slope_v the_o cavity_n whereof_o in_o the_o narrow_a place_n namely_o the_o extremity_n let_v be_v no_o lesser_a than_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n let_v the_o join_n of_o the_o limbeck_n with_o the_o vessel_n below_o it_o be_v stop_v very_o close_o with_o galt_z then_o in_o a_o secure_a place_n that_o do_v not_o feel_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o furnace_n let_v there_o be_v place_v a_o great_a vessel_n of_o stone_n or_o of_o other_o matter_n full_a of_o cold_a water_n whereinto_o let_v the_o nose_n of_o the_o limbeck_n enter_v two_o finger_n breadth_n blow_v up_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o furnace_n from_o which_o the_o quicksilver_n fly_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o limbeck_n the_o coolness_n whereof_o present_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o body_n again_o which_o run_v down_o through_o the_o nose_n into_o the_o vessel_n of_o water_n aforesaid_a the_o limbeck_n shall_v now_o and_o then_o be_v cool_v on_o the_o outside_n with_o wet_a clothes_n and_o the_o water_n into_o which_o the_o quicksilver_n fall_v as_o it_o become_v warm_a shall_v have_v more_o fresh_a water_n add_v to_o it_o a._n the_o deep_a vessel_n of_o iron_n or_o copper_n b._n the_o head_n of_o the_o limbeck_n c._n the_o nose_n of_o it_o d._n a_o trevet_n e._n a_o basin_n or_o vessel_n of_o water_n to_o receive_v the_o quicksilver_n in_o f._n the_o furnace_n g._n the_o mouth_n of_o it_o h._n the_o hole_n to_o draw_v out_o the_o ash_n at_o lib_fw-la 2_o pag._n 88_o i._o a_o hole_n open_a at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o furnace_n whereat_o the_o deep_a iron_n vessel_n look_v out_o a_o little_a and_o be_v join_v to_o the_o limbeck_n k._n be_v a_o chimney_n to_o let_v out_o smoke_n and_o give_v respiration_n to_o the_o fire_n here_o place_v the_o picture_n and_o the_o verse_n the_o trouble_n and_o hazard_v of_o keep_v they_o close_o in_o the_o joint_n with_o clay_n or_o galt_z may_v be_v excuse_v by_o make_v of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o shut_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o a_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a high_o or_o if_o to_o that_o size_n of_o they_o that_o be_v now_o in_o use_n they_o put_v at_o the_o bottom_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o fill_v it_o of_o two_o finger_n broad_a so_o that_o the_o low_a vessel_n may_v come_v up_o very_o close_o upon_o it_o and_o can_v enter_v further_o into_o it_o a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o caperucas_n come_v be_v place_v the_o candlestick_n foot_n as_o they_o call_v it_o whereupon_o they_o set_v the_o plate_n and_o the_o pine_n apple_n the_o candlestick_n foot_n come_v up_o about_o four_o finger_n high_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o low_a vessel_n which_o they_o call_v the_o cannon_n in_o the_o which_o on_o the_o one_o side_n four_o or_o six_o finger_n low_a than_o the_o fire_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v in_o a_o small_a pipe_n of_o cold_a water_n at_o a_o hole_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o cannon_n without_o disturb_v the_o caperuca_n at_o all_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o go_v in_o strait_a but_o with_o a_o little_a liberty_n over_o against_o this_o hole_n there_o be_v such_o another_o out_o of_o which_o run_v as_o much_o water_n as_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o former_a whereby_o the_o canon_n be_v always_o keep_v full_a and_o the_o water_n in_o good_a temper_n to_o receive_v the_o quicksilver_n without_o any_o prejudice_n if_o one_o separate_v the_o quicksilver_n by_o the_o limbeck_n they_o may_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n clap_v a_o ring_n of_o copper_n of_o two_o finger_n breadth_n and_o other_o two_o finger_n deep_a to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o low_a vessel_n so_o that_o the_o other_o vessel_n may_v easy_o be_v let_v in_o and_o out_o wherein_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v to_o be_v save_v into_o this_o circle_n the_o limbeck_n must_v be_v fit_v and_o to_o prevent_v its_o be_v blow_v off_o with_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o limbeck_n must_v be_v keep_v down_o with_o weight_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o or_o tie_v it_o to_o some_o other_o fix_a thing_n or_o make_v a_o ring_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o limbeck_n pass_v a_o bar_n of_o iron_n through_o it_o both_o end_n whereof_o afterward_o remain_v fix_v in_o two_o wall_n build_v on_o each_o side_n of_o it_o for_o that_o purpose_n finis_fw-la finis_fw-la finis_fw-la a_o usual_a practice_n among_o the_o miner_n in_o that_o country_n botijuela_fw-mi be_v a_o spanish_a vessel_n which_o contain_v about_o a_o gallon_n