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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
fire_n air_n substance_n water_n 2,492 5 6.7160 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28477 A natural history containing many not common observations extracted out of the best modern writers / by Sir Thomas Pope Blount, Baronet. Blount, Thomas Pope, Sir, 1649-1697. 1693 (1693) Wing B3351; ESTC R17881 141,855 470

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number_n of_o piece_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o at_o the_o rate_n of_o eight_o such_o florin_n the_o piece_n the_o great_a piece_n lie_v at_o cracow_n about_o the_o street_n before_o the_o door_n of_o the_o citizen_n as_o also_o in_o the_o country_n in_o the_o small_a town_n and_o village_n and_o before_o the_o ●orts_n and_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n where_o the_o cattle_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o lick_v of_o those_o salt_n stone_n which_o afterward_o by_o mill_n and_o other_o engine_n be_v ground_n and_o beat_v small_a for_o use_n these_o salt-works_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o appoint_v and_o maintain_v the_o officer_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o his_o best_a royal_a revenue_n amount_v to_o a_o very_a considerable_a sum._n there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o thousand_o man_n that_o be_v constant_o employ_v in_o these_o mine_n and_o he_o say_v there_o be_v then_o a_o provision_n of_o salt_n value_v at_o two_o million_o he_o far_o say_v there_o be_v in_o these_o work_v three_o horse_n that_o stay_v always_o below_o have_v their_o stable_a and_o other_o necessary_n there_o the_o horse_n after_o they_o have_v be_v a_o while_n under_o ground_n grow_v blind_a from_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o that_o all_o the_o three_o which_o then_o labour_v there_o be_v quite_o blind_a philos_fw-la transact_v numb_a 61._o pag._n 1099_o etc._n etc._n in_o jamaica_n they_o have_v a_o very_a pretty_a and_o easy_a way_n for_o the_o produce_v of_o good_a salt_n which_o be_v thus_o near_o the_o seaside_n they_o dig_v a_o low_a place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o lough_n or_o pond_n and_o pave_v it_o very_o even_o and_o with_o a_o sluice_n let_v in_o some_o of_o the_o sea-water_n a_o inch_n two_o inch_n or_o three_o inch_n deep_a or_o more_o and_o there_o let_v it_o remain_v the_o sun_n in_o a_o short_a time_n turn_v it_o into_o salt_n and_o if_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o quick_o they_o let_v in_o the_o less_o but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o good_a stock_n that_o they_o can_v stay_v long_o than_o they_o let_v in_o the_o more_o for_o the_o more_o be_v let_v in_o the_o long_a will_v it_o be_v ever_o it_o become_v salt_n which_o be_v do_v they_o sweep_v it_o up_o and_o keep_v it_o for_o use_n and_o so_o let_v in_o more_o and_o thus_o be_v they_o well_o provide_v with_o salt_n to_o powder_v their_o beef_n pork_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v not_o keep_v sweet_a otherwise_o many_o hour_n after_o it_o be_v kill_v hvghes's_fw-fr american_n physician_n pag._n 35._o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o marish_a the_o salt_n be_v make_v more_o or_o less_o white_a the_o reddish_n earth_n make_v the_o salt_n more_o grey_a the_o blueish_a more_o white_a beside_o if_o you_o let_v run_v in_o a_o little_a more_o water_n than_o you_o ought_v the_o salt_n become_v thence_o more_o white_a but_o than_o it_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o general_o all_o the_o marsh_n require_v a_o fat_a 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manifest_a substance_n in_o all_o artificial_a compost_n it_o be_v salt_n which_o fertilize_v and_o render_v egypt_n so_o luxurious_o fruitful_a after_o the_o inundation_n of_o nile_n and_o the_o nitrous_a ground_n of_o jamaica_n and_o other_o place_n which_o cause_n so_o stupendous_a a_o growth_n of_o plant_n and_o tree_n in_o a_o word_n salt_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o dominion_n almost_o monarchical_a in_o the_o great_a work_n of_o vegetation_n be_v so_o absolute_a a_o ingredient_n in_o all_o our_o dung_n and_o compost_n to_o conclude_v you_o know_v who_o have_v dignify_v salt_n with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o be_v name_v element-earth_n the_o vigour_n and_o close_a of_o all_o thing_n yea_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o elementated_a body_n what_o shall_v i_o say_v quid_fw-la divinum_fw-la the_o original_a of_o all_o fecundity_n nor_o can_v i_o say_v less_o since_o there_o be_v nor_o sacrifice_n nor_o discourse_n acceptable_a without_o it_o evel●n's_n discourse_n of_o earth_n in_o several_a place_n pag._n 312_o 313_o 314._o fol._n see_v a_o account_n of_o the_o salt_n spring_v at_o nantwich_n in_o ch●shire_n by_o dr._n william_n jackson_n in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v numb_a 53._o and_o of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o droytwich_n in_o worcester-shire_n by_o dr._n tho._n rastell_n in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v numb_a 142._o and_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v in_o staffordshire_n by_o dr._n rob._n plot_n in_o his_o description_n of_o that_o county_n observation_n concern_v gold_n the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o inanimate_a body_n and_o the_o most_o esteem_v of_o all_o metal_n be_v gold_n universal_o know_v and_o cover_v by_o all_o people_n it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n a●d_v in_o the_o s●me_a manner_n as_o other_o metal_n be_v but_o of_o part_n so_o pure_a and_o perfect_a and_o so_o well_o compact_v together_o by_o decoction_n that_o its_o substance_n be_v as_o it_o be_v incorruptible_a be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o 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the_o same_o albaro_n alonso_n barba_fw-la of_o metal_n translat_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o sandwich_n chap._n 26._o gold_n have_v the_o least_o variety_n of_o regular_a figure_n in_o the_o ore_n of_o any_o metal_n because_o more_o solid_a and_o therefore_o less_o wanton_a than_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v a_o rare_a specimen_fw-la mention_v by_o georgius_n de_fw-fr sepibus_fw-la which_o he_o call_v aurum_fw-la ramescens_fw-la the_o ductility_n of_o gold_n be_v admirable_a one_o grain_n in_o leave_n be_v extend_v to_o above_o fifty_o inch_n square_a and_o one_o ounce_n employ_v in_o guild_v small_a hair-wyre_n will_v be_v extend_v to_o almost_o a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n as_o mr._n boyle_n have_v observe_v the_o use_v of_o gold_n for_o vessel_n coin_n armour_n garment_n etc._n etc._n be_v infinite_a
prodigious_a quantity_n it_o be_v plain_a there_o be_v vast_a v●●ns_n of_o sulphur_n all_o along_o in_o t●●s_n soil_n and_o it_o seem_v in_o this_o mountain_n they_o run_v along_o through_o some_o mine_n and_o rock_n and_o as_o their_o slow_a consumption_n produce_v a_o perpetual_a smoke_n so_o when_o the_o air_n within_o be_v so_o much_o ratify_v that_o it_o must_v open_v itself_o it_o throw_v up_o those_o mass_n of_o mettle_n and_o rock_n that_o shut_v it_o in_o but_o how_o this_o fire_n draw_v in_o air_n to_o nourish_v its_o flame_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o apprehend_v unless_o there_o be_v either_o a_o conveyance_n of_o air_n under_o ground_n by_o some_o undiscovered_a vacuity_n or_o a_o more_o insensible_a transmission_n of_o air_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o heat_n of_o this_o hill_n operate_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o soil_n that_o lie_v upon_o it_o towards_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o that_o it_o produce_v the_o rich_a wine_n about_o naples_n and_o it_o also_o 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of_o fire_n be_v not_o now_o so_o ordinary_a as_o former_o the_o matter_n which_o give_v fuel_n to_o it_o be_v waste_v by_o continual_a burn_n so_o that_o the_o flame_n which_o issue_n from_o it_o be_v hardly_o visible_a but_o by_o night_n though_o the_o smoke_n show_v itself_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o when_o it_o do_v break_v out_o which_o be_v common_o once_o in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n it_o fall_v in_o great_a flake_n on_o the_o vale_n adjoin_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o vintage_n and_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o country_n but_o that_o they_o say_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o ash_n thereof_o so_o enrich_v the_o soil_n that_o both_o the_o vine_n and_o cornfield_n be_v much_o better_v by_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o fire_n be_v the_o abundance_n of_o sulphur_n and_o brimstone_n contain_v in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v blow_v by_o the_o wind_n drive_v in_o at_o the_o chap_n of_o the_o 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be_v shut_v up_o but_o the_o opinion_n of_o certain_a philosopher_n who_o maintain_v that_o mere_a chance_n produce_v these_o extraordinary_a event_n appear_v to_o i_o very_o ridiculous_a affirm_v that_o one_o stone_n strike_v another_o produces_z a_o spark_n whence_o happ●●_n 〈◊〉_d great_a inflammation_n nay_o they_o proceed_v far_o and_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o a_o light_v lamp_n leave_v by_o chance_n by_o those_o who_o scarch_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o these_o mountain_n to_o discover_v the_o secret_n of_o nature_n may_v make_v these_o flame_n which_o light_v on_o a_o combustible_a matter_n and_o meet_v with_o nothing_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o to_o extinguish_v they_o to_o cause_v these_o surprise_v effect_n they_o also_o say_v that_o lightning_n strike_v fierce_o on_o some_o one_o of_o the_o coast_n on_o these_o mountain_n may_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o stone_n strike_v one_o against_o another_o or_o the_o lamp_n leave_v light_v see_v letter_n write_v by_o a_o turkish_a spy_n at_o paris_n vol._n 1._o pag._n 126_o 127._o that_o learned_a physician_n and_o most_o sagacious_a inquirer_n into_o nature_n dr._n martin_n lyster_n say_v that_o among_o mineral_n the_o pyrity_n both_o in_o gross_a and_o in_o vapour_n be_v actual_o of_o its_o one_o accord_n fire_v he_o instance_n the_o vulcano_n all_o the_o world_n over_o for_o a_o proof_n of_o it_o for_o say_v he_o we_o with_o great_a probability_n believe_v they_o to_o be_v mountain_n make_v up_o in_o great_a part_n of_o pyrite_n the_o breath_n whereof_o be_v sulphur_n exit_fw-la tota_fw-la substantia_fw-la by_o the_o quality_n of_o sulphur_n thence_o sublimed_a and_o the_o application_n of_o the_o loadstone_n to_o the_o eject_v cinder_n and_o he_o proceed_v tell_v we_o that_o these_o vulcano_n be_v natural_o kindle_v of_o themselves_o at_o or_o near_o the_o creation_n in_o all_o probability_n because_o there_o be_v but_o a_o certain_a know_a number_n of_o they_o which_o have_v all_o continue_v burn_v beyond_o the_o memoirs_fw-fr of_o any_o history_n few_o or_o none_o of_o they_o that_o he_o know_v of_o have_v ever_o total_o decay_v or_o be_v extinct_a unless_o possible_o by_o the_o submersion_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v absorb_v in_o the_o sea_n though_o they_o indeed_o do_v burn_v more_o fierce_o sometime_o than_o at_o other_o for_o other_o reason_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o say_v the_o doctor_n as_o natural_a to_o have_v actual_a fire_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a world_n from_o the_o creation_n as_o to_o have_v sea_n and_o water_n again_o say_v the_o doctor_n if_o these_o vulcano_n do_v not_o kindle_v of_o themselves_o what_o cause_n can_v we_o imagine_v to_o 〈◊〉_d do_v it_o i●_n the_o sun_n we_o 〈◊〉_d hecla_n place_v in_o so_o extreme_a cold●_n climate_n be_v kindle_v for_o aught_o i_o 〈◊〉_d see_v by_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o bo●●_n as_o soon_o as_o aetna_n or_o fuegos_n or_o the_o most_o southerly_a not_o the_o accident_n happen_v from_o man_n for_o i_z man_z be_v as_o we_o must_v believe_v create_v solitary_a and_o topical_a they_o be_v none_o of_o his_o kindle_v because_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v fire_v before_o the_o world_n can_v be_v all_o over_o people_v beside_o they_o be_v most_o the_o very_a top_n of_o vast_a high_a mountain_n and_o therefore_o the_o most_o unfit_a for_o the_o habitation_n of_o man._n mart._n lyster_n in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v 157._o pag._n 516._o observation_n concern_v earth-qvakes_a earthquake_n be_v too_o evident_a demonstration_n of_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o dreadful_a effect_n or_o consequence_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v sound_a and_o compact_a there_o will_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n as_o a_o earthquake_n they_o be_v common_o accompany_v with_o a_o heavy_a dead_a sound_n like_o a_o dull_a thunder_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o vapour_n that_o
degree_n of_o n._n latitude_n there_o happen_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hurricane_n in_o one_o year_n the_o manner_n of_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v ordinary_o the_o sea_n become_v calm_a on_o a_o sudden_a and_o smooth_a as_o glass_n then_o present_o a●ter_v the_o air_n be_v darken_v and_o fill_v with_o thick_a and_o gloomy_a cloud_n after_o which_o it_o be_v all_o as_o it_o be_v on_o fire_n and_o open_v on_o every_o side_n with_o dreadful_a lightning_n that_o last_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o which_o follow_v wonderful_a clap_n of_o thunder_n that_o seem_v as_o i●_n the_o heaven_n be_v re●t_v asunder_o the_o earth_n tremble_v in_o many_o place_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v with_o so_o great_a imperuosity_n that_o it_o roo●s_v up_o the_o tall_a and_o great_a tree_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o wood_n beat_v down_o almost_o all_o the_o house_n and_o tear_n up_o the_o vegetable_n destroy_v every_o thing_n that_o grow_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o very_o often_o compel_v man_n whilst_o 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request_n concern_v the_o hurricane_a i_o can_v say_v little_a of_o its_o effect_n more_o than_o what_o concern_v our_o particular_a damage_n and_o terror_n it_o happen_v upon_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o august_n last_o 1670_o sixteen_o hour_n after_o the_o new-moon_n in_o the_o 14_o the_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n about_o ninety_o league_n from_o barbadoes_n it_o succeed_v a_o storm_n of_o 48_o hour_n continuance_n at_o north-east_n a_o unusual_a way_n of_o its_o appear_v for_o it_o common_o follow_v a_o calm_a its_o presage_n be_v a_o shift_a of_o the_o wind_n about_o the_o compass_n with_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o trouble_a sky_n the_o only_a advantage_n we_o have_v to_o prepare_v for_o its_o reception_n the_o fury_n of_o it_o beg●n_v about_o 10_o at_o night_n and_o continue_v till_o 12_o the_o next_o day_n be_v observe_v that_o the_o hurricane_n of_o the_o new-moon_n begin_v at_o night_n and_o those_o at_o the_o full_a in_o the_o day_n as_o be_v note_v two_o fear_n since_o 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wind_n force_v the_o sea_n so_o high_a that_o we_o can_v scarce_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o either_o element_n the_o terror_n of_o it_o be_v such_o that_o i_o think_v it_o the_o emblem_n of_o hell_n and_o the_o last_o dissolution_n of_o all_o thing_n especial_o the_o first_o two_o hour_n which_o be_v attend_v with_o so_o much_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n so_o astonish_v as_o if_o we_o have_v be_v wrap_v up_o into_o the_o cloud_n or_o the_o whole_a air_n set_v on_o fire_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o blow_v a_o boat_n of_o 18_o foot_n long_o fasten_v to_o four_o ring-●olts_a and_o each_o bolt_n through_o a_o ring_n of_o the_o ship_n clear_v off_o the_o deck_n i●_n blow_v away_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n of_o great_a substance_n and_o weight_n call_v the_o cross-piece_n of_o the_o bit_n to_o which_o we_o fasten_v our_o cable_n it_o tear_v off_o the_o sail_n from_o the_o yard_n though_o fast_o furl_v the_o yard_n from_o the_o mast_n and_o the_o 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l●ft_a house_n tree_n nor_o plant_v in_o the_o ground_n begin_v at_o st._n john_n de_fw-fr porto_n rico_n and_o so_o run_v eastward_o but_o the_o island_n of_o hispaniola_n cuba_n and_o jamaica_n be_v never_o trouble_v with_o they_o though_o within_o few_o league_n of_o the_o rest._n there_o be_v some_o old_a indian_n that_o have_v give_v notice_n of_o they_o three_o or_o four_o day_n before_o their_o come_v by_o what_o r●les_n i_o be_v never_o curious_a to_o understand_v it_o be_v enough_o for_o we_o to_o study_v how_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o and_o ship_n from_o they_o rather_o than_o by_o any_o nice_a inquiry_n to_o s●arch_v into_o their_o cause_n only_o thus_o much_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o moon_n both_o upon_o they_o and_o it_o for_o i_o find_v by_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n that_o there_o be_v a_o current_n tend_v so_o violent_o northward_o that_o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o will_v force_v we_o as_o many_o league_n from_o our_o easterly_a course_n which_o do_v so_o confound_v we_o have_v neither_o card_n nor_o compass_n leave_v to_o steer_v by_o which_o with_o several_a other_o good_n be_v sweep_v away_o in_o a_o breach_n which_o the_o sea_n make_v into_o our_o ship_n that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o difficulty_n for_o i_o to_o find_v out_o barbados_n this_o place_n be_v near_o for_o our_o relief_n as_o columbus_n who_o first_o discover_v those_o country_n sir_n i_o have_v be_v as_o modest_a as_o i_o can_v in_o give_v you_o this_o relation_n because_o i_o know_v many_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o violence_n of_o these_o tempest_n will_v be_v incredulous_a but_o i_o shall_v be_v sorry_a that_o all_o who_o
metal_n transl._n by_o the_o earl_n of_o sandwich_n chap._n 8._o johannes_n alphonsus_n borellus_n in_o his_o historia_n &_o meteorologia_fw-la incendii_fw-la aetnoei_fw-la ann._n 1669._o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a that_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o vent_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o in_o the_o cleft_n of_o stone_n and_o of_o this_o salt_n he_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v be_v sublime_v for_o he_o make_v it_o factitious_a so_o great_a store_n that_o many_o thousand_o of_o pound_n may_v be_v gather_v add_v that_o even_o a_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o aetna_n there_o be_v find_v remain_v d●vers_n vent_v about_o catania_n exhaling_a store_n of_o smoke_n which_o have_v the_o like_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a flick_v to_o the_o side_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o stone_n at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v little_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a nitre_n which_o be_v ancient_o 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a_o great_a increase_n as_o profitable_a as_o crop_n of_o corn._n the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o make_v gunpowder_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v very_o well_o know_v it_o be_v use_v also_o in_o the_o melt_a of_o metal_n ibidem_fw-la whether_o the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o salt_n peter_n be_v various_o dispute_v by_o very_o learned_a author_n among_o the_o modern_a physician_n on_o the_o negative_a side_n be_v mathiolus_n and_o bellonius_fw-la the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v the_o advantage_n by_o the_o opportunity_n of_o his_o travel_n in_o egypt_n to_o have_v often_o see_v and_o handle_v they_o both_o and_o be_v so_o positive_a as_o to_o pronounce_v that_o in_o all_o christendom_n there_o be_v not_o one_o grain_n of_o nitre_n to_o be_v find_v unless_o it_o be_v bring_v from_o other_o part_n although_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o be_v in_o grand_a cairo_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1550_o it_o be_v so_o common_a there_o as_o he_o say_v that_o ten_o pound_n of_o it_o will_v not_o cost_v a_o moidin_n among_o those_o that_o hold_v the_o affirmative_a the_o most_o eminent_a be_v cardan_n and_o longius_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v the_o general_a vote_n of_o learned_a man_n have_v be_v most_o favourable_a to_o that_o opinion_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o all_o latin_a relation_n and_o prescription_n the_o word_n nitrum_fw-la or_o halinitrum_fw-la be_v most_o common_o use_v for_o salt_n peter_n i_o have_v often_o inquire_v among_o our_o london_z drugster_n for_o egyptian_n nitre_n and_o if_o i_o have_v be_v so_o fortunate_a as_o to_o have_v ●ound_v any_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o question_n by_o a_o demonstration_n that_o be_v by_o turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt_n peter_n however_o the_o observation_n i_o have_v make_v in_o my_o own_o private_a experiment_n and_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o salt_n peter-man_n and_o refiner_n of_o salt_n peter_n seem_v to_o give_v i_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o confidence_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v several_a salt_n proceed_v chief_o from_o their_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o various_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o salt_n peter_n in_o the_o make_n and_o refine_n of_o it_o and_o also_o their_o compare_v double_a refine_a salt_n peter_n o●_n which_o gunpowder_n be_v make_v with_o the_o nitrum_fw-la and_o aphronitrum_fw-la describe_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o one_o and_o thirty_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a tolerable_a account_n of_o that_o salt_n that_o have_v be_v hand_v to_o we_o from_o antiquity_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o aphronitrum_n be_v colore_fw-la penè_fw-la purpureo_fw-la and_o egyptian_a nitre_n fuscum_fw-la &_o lapidosum_fw-la henshaw_n of_o the_o make_n of_o salt_n peter_n see_v sprat_n hist._n of_o the_o r._n s._n pag._n 260_o 261._o nitre_n be_v often_o adulterate_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o common_a salt_n but_o you_o may_v try_v it_o by_o burn_v for_o be_v fire_v upon_o a_o red_a hot_a tile_n or_o stone_n if_o all_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v pure_a but_o if_o any_o thing_n remain_v it_o be_v common_a salt_n the_o lord_n bacon_n say_v that_o nitre_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o cool_a spice_n in_o that_o it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n with_o cold_a just_a as_o spice_n do_v with_o heat_n and_o that_o nitre_n be_v the_o only_a vegetable_a which_o abound_v with_o spirit_n and_o yet_o be_v cold._n he_o further_o tell_v we_o that_o cattle_n which_o drink_v of_o nitrous_a water_n do_v manifest_o grow_v fat_a which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o its_o cold_a quality_n bac_n hist._n of_o life_n and_o death_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a that_o gunpowder_n which_o consist_v principal_o of_o nitre_n be_v take_v in_o drink_n do_v conduce_v to_o valour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v often_o use_v by_o mariner_n and_o soldier_n just_a before_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v even_o as_o the_o turk_n do_v opium_n the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n have_v no_o other_o salt_n but_o such_o as_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o quarry_n and_o mine_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o marble_n or_o free_a stone_n be_v of_o a_o white_a red_a and_o grey_a colour_n barbary_n abound_v with_o salt_n and_o n●midia_n be_v indifferent_o furnish_v therewith_o but_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o especial_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v so_o destitute_a thereof_o that_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n be_v there_o sell_v for_o half_a a_o ducat_n and_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n use_v not_o to_o set_v salt_n upon_o their_o table_n but_o hold_v a_o crumb_n of_o salt_n in_o their_o hand_n they_o ●ick_v the_o same_o at_o every_o morsel_n of_o meat_n which_o they_o put_v in_o their_o mouth_n in_o certain_a lake_n of_o barbary_n all_o the_o summer_n time_n there_o be_v fair_a and_o white_a salt_n congeal_v or_o kern_v as_o namely_o in_o divers_a place_n near_o the_o city_n of_o fez_n purch._n pilgr_n vol._n ii_o pag._n 849._o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a dr._n brown_a in_o his_o travel_n pag._n 112._o say_v that_o near_o the_o city_n of_o epery_n in_o upper_a hungary_n there_o be_v a_o salt-mine_a of_o great_a note_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o fathom_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v piece_n of_o salt_n find_v of_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n the_o principal_a salt-mine_n be_v in_o poland_n and_o calabria_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n say_v comer_n in_o his_o description_n of_o that_o country_n be_v some_o piece_n of_o salt_n as_o big_a as_o huge_a stone_n so_o hard_o that_o house_n and_o even_o whole_a town_n be_v build_v with_o they_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n we_o have_v a_o relation_n concern_v the_o salgemme_n mine_n in_o poland_n lie_v within_o a_o mile_n of_o cracovia_n which_o relation_n be_v communicate_v to_o mr._n oldenburg_n by_o a_o curious_a gentleman_n in_o germany_n who_o some_o year_n since_o descend_v himself_o into_o those_o mine_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o 200_o fathom_n and_o be_v lead_v about_o in_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o hour_n he_o say_v that_o out_o of_o these_o mine_n they_o dig_v and_o cut_v out_o three_o sort_n of_o salt_n one_o be_v common_a course_n and_o black_a the_o second_o somewhat_o siner_n and_o white_a the_o three_o very_o white_a and_o clear_a like_a crystal_n he_o say_v the_o course_n and_o black_a salt_n be_v cut_v out_o in_o great_a piece_n roundish_n and_o three_o polonian_a ell_n long_o and_o one_o ell_n thick_a which_o c●sts_v from_o fifty_o to_o seventy_o polonian_a florin_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n have_v a_o privilege_n whereby_o a_o certain_a
also_o that_o at_o anneberg_n a_o b●ue_a water_n be_v find_v where_o silver_n be_v yet_o in_o its_o first_o be_v which_o coagulate_v be_v reduce_v into_o the_o powder_n or_o calx_fw-la of_o fixed_a and_o good_a silver_n botle_n s●ept_v chym._n pag._n 360._o observation_n concern_v damp_n in_o mine_n the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a dr._n plot_n speak_v of_o damp_n in_o coal-mine_n reduce_v they_o to_o either_o superterraneal_a or_o subterraneal_a both_o which_o sort_n he_o say_v he_o take_v to_o proceed_v from_o stagnation_n in_o the_o subterraneal_a vault_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o due_a ventilation_n and_o commerce_n between_o the_o in●●●ior_n and_o superior_a air._n the_o material_a cause_n say_v the_o dr._n may_v be_v various_a either_o simple_a or_o compound_v as_o the_o mere_a corruption_n of_o the_o simple_a air_n alone_o upon_o a_o long_a stagnation_n in_o the_o coal-room_n and_o the_o rift_n and_o clist_n of_o the_o rock_n of_o coal_n itself_o may_v be_v its_o material_a cause_n indeed_o but_o the_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qu●_n non_fw-la of_o such_o a_o damp_n he_o take_v to_o be_v the_o want_n of_o motion_n in_o those_o cavity_n without_o which_o the_o air_n will_v never_o have_v corrupt_v no_o more_o than_o water_n which_o never_o corrupt_v till_o it_o stagnate_v when_o indeed_o like_o the_o air_n it_o become_v poisonous_a though_o possible_o not_o to_o that_o degree_n the_o air_n be_v a_o body_n much_o fine_a and_o convey_v to_o the_o more_o tender_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o old_a work_n wherein_o there_o have_v be_v no_o dig_v for_o a_o long_a time_n no_o lave_a draw_v or_o pump_v of_o water_n all_o which_o keep_v the_o air_n in_o motion_n and_o the_o water_n from_o canker_a these_o damp_n be_v most_o frequent_a and_o most_o dangerous_a whence_o it_o be_v too_o that_o the_o work_n where_o the_o bed_n of_o coal_n be_v thin_a and_o admit_v of_o but_o few_o or_o no_o such_o rift_n or_o cleft_n for_o the_o air_n to_o stagnat_fw-la or_o corrupt_v in_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o trouble_v with_o they_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v likewise_o that_o though_o a_o bed_n of_o coal_n have_v many_o of_o these_o rift_n and_o large_a one_o too_o yet_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o profluence_n of_o water_n through_o they_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o their_o entertain_v such_o damp_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o make_v dry_a by_o a_o seek_v or_o free-level_a the_o same_o mine_n shall_v become_v much_o more_o liable_a to_o they_o the_o wholesome_a air_n that_o be_v in_o they_o whilst_o keep_v in_o motion_n by_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o water_n have_v little_a or_o no_o communication_n with_o that_o above_o ground_n now_o stagnate_v and_o corrupt_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o not_o only_o extinguish_v the_o glow_a heat_n of_o coal_n and_o the_o flame_n of_o candle_n torch_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o flammula_fw-la vitæ_fw-la too_o in_o most_o live_a creature_n so_o that_o the_o animal_n which_o respire_v it_o sometime_o subterraneous_a water_n be_v at_o the_o low_a they_o fancy_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o red_a trifoil_n flower_n by_o they_o call_v honey-suckle_n with_o which_o the_o limestone_n meadow_n of_o the_o peak_n where_o they_o have_v this_o sort_n of_o damp_n do_v much_o abound_v dr._n plot_n say_v that_o he_o enquire_v concern_v this_o sort_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o staffordshire_n where_o the_o mooreland_n bind_v upon_o the_o peak-country_n of_o darbyshire_n and_o find_v it_o not_o only_o there_o but_o as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v learn_v to_o be_v the_o most_o common_a damp_n in_o the_o country_n it_o make_v their_o candle_n first_o to_o diminish_v to_o burn_v round_o and_o at_o length_n to_o go_v out_o persume_v the_o staul_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o faint_a sweet_a smell_n as_o those_o in_o darbyshire_n do_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o these_o in_o staffordshire_n be_v say_v to_o be_v sometime_o visible_a show_v like_o a_o thin_a smoke_n which_o may_v be_v see_v not_o only_o in_o the_o grove_n but_o fume_v out_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pit_n but_o in_o staffordshire_n say_v dr._n plot_n they_o be_v wise_a where_o they_o go_v for_o their_o coal_n forty_o or_o fifty_o yard_n deep_a and_o have_v no_o such_o thing_n we_o trefoil_n for_o many_o mile_n and_o yet_o have_v this_o damp_n than_o to_o think_v it_o proceed_v either_o from_o pease_n or_o trefoil_n it_o be_v rather_o apprehend_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o workmen_n breath_n and_o sweat_n mix_v with_o the_o steam_n of_o the_o golden_a marchasite_n or_o brass_n lump_n than_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o damp_n be_v the_o strange_a and_o most_o pestilential_a of_o any_o if_o all_o be_v true_a which_o be_v say_v concern_v it_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o have_v see_v it_o for_o it_o be_v visible_a describe_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o roof_n of_o those_o passage_n which_o branch_n out_o from_o the_o main_a grove_n they_o often_o see_v a_o round_a thing_n hang_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o football_n cover_v with_o a_o skin_n of_o the_o thickness_n and_o colour_n of_o a_o cobweb_n this_o they_o say_v if_o by_o any_o accident_n as_o the_o splinter_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o the_o like_a if_o it_o be_v break_v immediate_o disperse_v itself_o and_o suffocate_v all_o the_o company_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v casualty_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o espy_v it_o they_o say_v they_o have_v a_o way_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o stick_n and_o a_o long_a rope_n of_o break_v it_o at_o a_o distance_n which_o do_v they_o purify_v the_o place_n well_o by_o fire_n before_o they_o dare_v enter_v it_o again_o mr._n jessop_n say_v he_o dare_v not_o avouch_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o story_n in_o all_o its_o circumstance_n because_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o seem_v impossible_a since_o they_o say_v it_o kill_v all_o that_o be_v likely_a to_o bear_v witness_n to_o all_o the_o particular_n neither_o dare_v he_o deny_v but_o such_o a_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v see_v hang_v on_o the_o roof_n since_o he_o have_v hear_v many_o affirm_v it_o perhaps_o the_o general_n tradition_n they_o have_v among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o ascribe_v all_o strange_a and_o surprise_v effect_n unto_o this_o cause_n they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o reason_n for_o it_o which_o be_v not_o altogether_o irrational_a if_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a for_o they_o say_v the_o steam_n which_o arise_v from_o their_o body_n and_o the_o candle_n ascend_v unto_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o vault_n and_o there_o condense_v and_o in_o time_n have_v a_o film_n grow_v round_o about_o it_o and_o at_o length_n corrupt_v become_v pestilential_a thus_o say_v mr._n jessop_n have_v i_o hear_v many_o of_o our_o vnderground_n philosopher_n discourse_n the_o four_o which_o they_o also_o call_v a_o damp_n although_o how_o proper_o i_o will_v now_o not_o argue_v be_v that_o vapour_n which_o be_v touch_v by_o their_o candle_n present_o take_v fire_n and_o give_v a_o crack_n like_o a_o gun_n produce_v the_o like_a effect_n or_o rather_o those_o of_o lightning_n hence_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o fulminate_a damp_n philos_fw-la transact_v numb_a 117._o pag._n 391_o 392._o mr._n jessop_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n oldenburg_n concern_v a_o further_a account_n of_o damp_n say_v that_o damp_n be_v most_o general_o observe_v to_o come_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o may_n and_o to_o continue_v during_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v damp_n all_o the_o year_n long_o yet_o they_o observe_v they_o to_o be_v most_o violent_a at_o that_o season_n and_o that_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o no_o other_o certain_a rule_n for_o any_o periodical_a return_n except_o this_o annual_a although_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v often_o return_v in_o the_o same_o summer_n he_o also_o say_v there_o be_v some_o damp_n that_o will_v quite_o extinguish_v all_o those_o fire_n that_o be_v let_v down_o into_o they_o be_v they_o never_o so_o many_o successive_o or_o never_o so_o great_a and_o fire_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o cure_v that_o it_o often_o create_v damp_n in_o place_n not_o otherwise_o subject_a to_o they_o indeed_o they_o be_v a_o present_a remedy_n if_o you_o can_v so_o order_v they_o as_o by_o their_o help_n to_o make_v a_o circula●ion_n of_o the_o air_n through_o the_o infect_a place_n otherwise_o they_o do_v hurt_v and_o those_o grove_n wherein_o they_o be_v force_v to_o break_v their_o rock_n by_o the_o help_n of_o great_a fire_n be_v seldom_o free_a from_o damp_n philos_fw-la transact_v numb_a 119._o pag._n 453_o 454._o mr._n george_n sinclar_n say_v that_o the_o fire_n of_o fulminate_v damp_n