Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	air_n	moist_a	water_n	3,248	5	7.2237	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11816	Naturall philosophy: or A description of the vvorld, and of the severall creatures therein contained viz. of angels, of mankinde, of the heavens, the starres, the planets, the foure elements, with their order, nature and government: as also of minerals, mettals, plants, and precious stones; with their colours, formes, and vertues. By Daniel Widdovves.; Rerum naturalium doctrina methodica. English. Abridgments	Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583.; Widdowes, Daniel.; Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583. Rerum physicarum juxta leges logicas methodica explicatio. aut; Woodhouse, John.	1631 (1631)	STC 22112; ESTC S117038	44,731	82

is a fat substance drawne by the heate of the Sun from the earth and the heate of the highest region of the Ayre is set on fire appearing like a starre and is sometime moved in the ayre It foreshewth war Pestilence drought and barrennes of the earth The light of some Plannets sometime fayle especially The light of some Plannets especially the sunne and moone faileth sometime and the reason of them of ☉ and ☽ The defects happen in the Zodiacke if these 2. starres bee in the knotts of their circles or neare to them which knotts are cuttings made by the course of the ☉ and ☽ and is called the dragon The higher is called Dragons head the lower the Dragons tayle The Ascendant or higher is where ☽ departing from the middle Zodiacke doth come nearest unto us The descendant when the ☽ is removing from us Of the Eclipse of the Sunne and Moone and the reason of them The Eclipse of those starrs is in whole or part In whole all being obscured as in the midst of them In part it happeneth neare one of the knotts The Eclipse of ☉ is by comming of ☽ betweene our eyes and the ☉ in the conjunction of both Plannets A great Eclipse of ☉ is when the centure of these starres proceed in a direct line to our eye The Eclipse of ☽ is the depriving her of the light of ☉ in the opposition the earth shadowing her comming in a straight line betweene them her Eclipse is sooner seene in the East than in the West CHAP. IIII. Of the foure Elements ELements are simple essences lesse durable than the What Elements are heavens and are the wombs of mixed things c. Of the Elements 2. are cleare ayre and water Ayre Some cleare as Ayre and water three regions of the Ayre which is cold and moyst and of these there are described 3. regions the first is hot and dry this is termed the fiery which causeth it to be called an Element Ayre the flame being but inflamed ayre the midle region colder and darker the third region in which we live is hot and cold by the more or lesse reflection of the Sunne beames Ayre is so needefull to creatures that none live The necessity of the Ayre without it the thinner the better and more healthfull Water is an element lesse thin and cleare moyst and What water is The natures and uses of it most cold Water warmed in channells in the earth causeth hot springs this is heated by running by some hot mineralls and helpeth moyst and cold bodies Water is greater or lesse The greatest is the Sea Why the water in the sea is salt The reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea which is salt because that the starres drawe sorth the thin substance leaving the earth behinde The Ocean ebbeth and floweth after the ☽ motion and from the new moone to the full humours increase and after decrease and the tides are knowne by the Moone Particular Seas take their name of some country or of some accident as the red Sea c. Waters are in flouds or fountaines fountaines are Of Flouds Fountaines best which come out of Mountaines or Rocks c. Water is of divers colours and tastes Milky Diverse coours tastes of waters What the earth is Greene Red Salt sharpe bitter and like wine The Earth is a thicke element cold and dry and is unmoveable about which all things move it is round and all things tend as neare the center as they can It is in compasse with the water 21600. miles and The compasse of it is but as a point to the whole world Concreat and mixt bodyes or natures are essences Of concreat mixt bodies mixt of parts severally disposed For from sundry things of divers formes one forme may bee formed and things of one mixture according to the divers affection of their elements are diversly affected As some are Ayery some Fiery and some Earthly But the proportion maketh temperature which is a proportion of qualities cleaving together in mixture it is equall or uneven and is either simple or compound simple is in act or power compound as heate with drinesse c. Mixed natures are either livelesse or living Liveless Of mixed livelesse natures as meteors what they be with their severall kinds and the reason of them as Meteors which are a hot smoake lifted up by the attractive force of starres some 15. German miles into the ayre and no higher this smoke is a vapour or exhalation A vapour is a moyst smoke drawne from water and is easily resolved into water Exhalation is a dry smoke drawne from the earth easie to fire from exhalation arise fiery impressions which burne like fire as pillers dartes candles goates shooting starres fiery Dragons darke streames fooles fire and such like firery Meteors Mixed fiery meteors whose exhalation is somewhat Of Mixed fiery meteors as thunder what it is and the reason of it unpure thicker and long her mixture is thunder which is a fiery exhalation breaking forth of the cloudes with a sound Lightening small and great is a flaming light of a burning exhalation shining before thunder Though we heare not the thunder it is at the present breaking out of the flash the eye being quicker than the care The great lightening is thicker and burneth more if it be hardened with the heate of the Sunne and it selfe it maketh a stone which is cast out at the cracke this doth much harme Lightening is thicke or thin this boreth through Of lightning what it is and the reason of it without leaving any signe of it The thicker scorcheth and burneth it hath much earthy matter setting on fier steeples and such like and in great flashes is but some small deale of this earthy matter else all things would be fired Watery meteors are vapors more fully compact together Of watery meteors as clouds what they be with the reason of them and appeare in the lowest part or midst of the Ayre as cloudes and such like A cloude is a vapour joyned together by the extreame cold of the middle region Cloudes hang in the Ayre by the Sunnes heat which draweth them up and by the moving of the windes are tossed up and downe In these Cloudes by ☉ and ☽ are framed divers Diverse shapes in the cloudes with the reason of them as a false Sunne how occasioned shapes having no proper matter but onely appeare in the cloudes either about ☉ and ☽ or opposite to them as A halfe Sunne which is imprinted in the Cloud by the reflection of his beames in a cloud being waterish so that sometime the shape of 2. or 3. Sunnes are seene so of the Moone Bright circles of the cloudes being black are from the reflecting beames seeming to compasse the ☉ or ☽ yet they are far lower These circles appeare more often about the moone shee being not able with her beames

nourishing growing weake it ceaseth Now followeth conservation of the whole stocke Generation is a facultie of the body procreating any What generation is thing like it selfe This faculty preserveth all kindes of things in their estate though continually they doe perish The object of generation is the procreating seede What is the object of it of every thing The changing faculty altereth the seede into parts of the body to be begotten The ministeriall vertues of this facultie of generation doe change or forme The forming faculty fashioneth the thing into distinct forme CHAP. VI. Of Minerals and Mettals THe Vegetative soule being explained now follow the kindes of such natures as have perfect or unperfect growth Those of unperfect growth are Mettals which are decocted in the veines of the earth Mettals are to be melted easily or hardly Those that are easie to bee dissolved are either first or such as spring from them Principall or first are of themselves from the originall Brimstone what it is and the nature of it as Brimstome and Quicksilver Brimstone is the fat of the earth with fiery heate decocted unto his hardnesse which is the cause that it so speedily is enflamed and burneth even in water yea sooner than the fat of the beasts which though it bee fatter than brimstone yet it is farre colder So that for his fat drinesse it helpeth scabbes of all kinds and the leprie That Brimstone is counted the best which is greene and cleare Quicksilver is a slimy water mixt with a pure white Quicksilver what it is earth which mettall for the matter whereof it doth consist is thinne cold and heavie It is in continuall motion and his thinnesse causeth The nature of it that it pierceth mettals Mettals derived from the first are more or lesse Gold what it is pure purer are Gold and Silver Gold is a mettall made of most subtile and pure red brimstone and of the like quicksilver Gold hath the most perfect mixture as it is most thin so it is most solide whose substance is not corrupted with either earth water or ayre nor consumed with fire but is more purged in it The nature of it And for his thin solidnesse it is most soft and easie to be melted So that is most worth which is most red and glistering and soft that easily it may be wrought Experience teacheth that the 3 part of one graine of gold can gild a wyre of 134 foote long upon plates of silver one ounce of gold will suffice to gild eight pound waight of silver His nature is to bee marvelled at It waxeth cold towards day light so that those that weare rings of it may perceive it when it waxeth day Where it is found It is found in the mountaines of Arabia and else where and the best in the mountaine Terrat neare the Citie Corbachiam Siluer is a mettall begotten of pure white Mercury Silver what it is The difference betwixt it and gold and the like cleare white Brimstone It differeth from Gold almost onely in colour it being Gold not perfectly refined yet in purenesse firme solidnesse and thinnesse it is next to Gold and one ounce of it may be drawne 3200. foote long so that it can scarce be discerned from Gold Yet it is thicker an hundreth fold When it is found it hath the shape of haires twigs fishes serpents and such like Mettals lesse pure consist of greater store of Brimstone or Quicksilver of greater store of Brimstone come Brasse and Iron Brasse is a mettall begotten of thicke red Brimstone Brasse what it is and Mercury somewhat impure that comming from Cyprus is called Copper the matter of Brasse is more burnt than that of other mettals and indureth long and is fit in any worke For it is without all moysture whether it be kept in earth or water Minerals neare Brasse are Copperasse c. Copperasse is a minerall mixed of humours strained Copperasse what it is by droppes into small holes and it shineth like glasse It is hot and dry in the 4. degree vehemently binding The nature of it being of great force to season and preserve raw flesh It also begetteth sound flesh in festered sores and stancheth blood It is of a greene yellow and a skye colour the best hath in it white spots his kinde are Romane vitrioll and red vitrioll or the fome of Copperasse Iron is of store of Mercury and of thicke sulphur Iron what it is impure and adust It may be softened by quenching in The nature of it juyce of beane shuls or mallowes It being red hot and cooling of himselfe becommeth plyable But if it be often quenched in cold water it becommeth thereby very hard and brittle Mettalls of greater store of Mercury are Lead and Tynne Lead is an unpure mettall begot of much unpure Lead what it is thicke and drossie Mercury and likewise of unpure Brimstone his impurity causeth blacknesse which by refining is made whiter It increaseth in waight if it lie in moyst ground Yea it is thought to increase with raine It is of a The nature of it cold and binding nature and therefore scarce wholsome for mans use Tynne is a mettall mixed of Mercury white without Tynne what it is and red within and of Brimstone not well mixed as it were Lead whited with silver Thus farre of mettalls pliable Mettals lesse plyable are those which are not easily wrought or melted and are hard or brittle Those that bee altogether hard are stones These Stones whereof they are c the variety of them are ingendred of a watry moysture and fat earth mixed hard togeather Of stones some be rare some common Of the rare and strange some are of more estimation than others The more esteemed are precious stones which are Precious stones more beautifull and fine in regard of their pure and subtile matter Of Gemmes some are of one coullour some of sundry colours More or lesse transparent be either white or of other colours White are Crystall or Adamant Crystall is a Crystall gem bright through begot of a most pure stony moysture The nature of it and is found in mines of Marble c. His qualitie is binding therefore his oyle or powder is helpefull in Laxes and increaseth milke in womens brests The Adamant or Diamant is a gem cleare and most Adamant hard it can scarce be broken and thence it is named The nature of it unlesse steeped in the warme bloud of a Goat that hath drunke Wine or eaten Parsley Transparent Gemmes not white as the Saphir Sardonix and Smaragde have the same coullour in all their kindes Saphir The Saphir is a gem cleare through of a skie coullour growing in the East and specially in India The nature of it Being drunke it helpeth against the stinging of Serpents poyson c. as some affirme The Smaragde is of a greene coullour making Smaragde

greene the ayre neare about it the stone of Brytaine The nature of it is the best It preserveth the wearer from the falling sickenesse eyght graines of his shaving drunke expelleth poyson c. as some affirme The Sardonyx is a cleare gem representing in coullours Sardonyx the nayle of a mans hand it preserveth chastnes The nature of it and healeth vlcers about the nayles The Selenites is a transparent gem like glasse it Selenites seemeth to increase and decrease with the moone The nature of it whose shape in the night it beareth and is called therefore the Moone-stone c. It is of a white blacke and yellow coullour His scrapings heale the falling sicknesse Bright shining Gems doe follow The Carbuncle is a gem shining in the light like Carbuncle fire it is the noblest and hath most vertues of any precious The nature of it stone The Calcedonian is of a purple coullour shining Calcedonian The nature of it like a starre it expels sadnes and feare by purging and chearing the spirits It hindreth all visions The Astarites is a Crystalline stone having in the Astarites The nature of it middest like a full moone Bright stones not shining do follow or the lesse shining Rubie The Rubie is a red gemme shining in darke like a sparke of fire it cleareth the sight it expelleth sad The nature of it and fearefull dreames The Topaz is of the colour of gold casting Topaz beames in the Sunne being layd to a wound it stancheth The nature of it blood or cast into hot water keepeth the hand from scalding Hiachinth The Hiacinth is of waterish colour it is exceeding hard and cloudie in the darke but pure and cleare by The nature of it day It is colde moderating the spirits of the heart and of the other parts and causing mirth which being worne obtaineth favour Precious stones of lesse shining be Corrall Asbestos Magnes and Galacte Corall is a stone growing in the Sea like a slimie Corrall shrub which by the ayre presently is made hard It is The nature of it taken up full of mosse but being unbarked it appeareth cleare in his proper colour The spongie Corrall is white and colde The solid is more stonie and is red and blacke Red and full of branches is the best which worne of one shortly to be sicke waxeth pale His tender substance is affected by the bad vapour which yet is unable in the body to afflict it It is good for sore eyes for the stone and falling sicknesse Asbestos is of an Iron colour being once fiered it Asbestos The nature of it cannot be quenched it is found in Arabia Magnes or Loadstone is of a skie colour or an Iron The Loadstone The nature of it colour It draweth Iron It hath like vertue with the Adamant It purgeth the dropsie belpeth the flux respecteth the North and South pole Galactites is of an Ash colour it seemeth to sweat Galactites The nature of it as it were milke it increaseth milke and helpeth running of the eyes and ulcers Now follow stones of divers colours Achates is a stone of divers colours resembling a Achates The nature of it Lyons skin sometime it is blacke with white veynes and yellow sometime it is as it were sprinkled with bloud it is very variable in colour Eagles lay it in their nests to preserve their young from poyson Turcois is darke of a skie colour and greenish Turcois It helpeth weake eyes and spirits The nature of it Corneolus is like water of washed flesh It helpeth Corneolus against the Pyles in the fundament and to stop fluxes The nature of it In a ring it restraineth anger Chrysoprasus is of a greene colour with golden Chrysoprasus spots It shineth a little in the darke it is rare and deare The nature of it It comforteth the heart helpeth dim sight c. Hematite is of an Iron colour with bloudy veynes Hematite It is cold and dry cooleth hot waters stancheth bloud The nature of it and helpeth against the scorching of the Sunne as Authors write Also the qualities of other stones depend rather upon authoritie than upon proofe Stones be found in Beasts Birds and Fishes Stones found in Beasts be 1. Chelidonius is a small stone in the belly of yong Chelidonius Swallowes It is found in those of the first hatching in The nature of it the new moone if two be found the one is red the other blacke The best is of a sprinkled red The red in a linnen cloath carried under the left arme expelleth madnesse the falling sicknesse and getteth favour say some 2. Alectorius is of a christall or watrish colour Alectorius It is found in the Maw of an olde Capon as big as a beane in one of nine yeere old small in one of five yeere The nature of it olde This stone quencheth thirst being held in the mouth It maketh warlike and couragious 3. The Rubet or Toadstone groweth in the head Toadstone of a Toad It is of a white browne colour sometime The nature of it it hath a skie coloured eye in the middle It is to bee taken before the Toad touch any Water It is a remedie against all poyson If it come neare poyson it changeth colour and sweateth as it were drops In fishes are found stones which are made of the cold hardening their matter 4. The Crabs eye of the female is like an eye Crabs eye it dissolveth bloud congealed and expelleth The nature of it stones 5. The Perch stone found in his head is white and as Perchstone big as Hemp-seed 6. The Carpe stone found in his chap is trianguler Carpestone white without yellow within It helpeth against The nature of it aboundance of choller Thus farre of precious stones These following are of price because of their beautie but not so rare Porphirite is a Marble shining like purple Alabaster Porphirite Alabaster is a marble like in colour to spotted Honny At this day it is cleare and smooth like Plaster The Ophite is a most hard marble of a sad greene Ophite spotted and serpent-like colour Common stones are of unpure slimie earth thicke Common stones and darke some be solid as the Flint Boulder the Whet-stone c. Some be full of pores as the Pumise Gravel-stone and free-stone Salt is a fryable mettall begotten of a waterish and Salt what it is earthy moysture mixt and decocted together It The nature of it bindeth scowreth purgeth disperseth represseth maketh thin and hard It is gotten in pits or waters The sorts of digged salts be Salt Amoniack is found in plates under the hotte Salt Amonaick The nature of it sands of Cyreniae It is hot and dry in the fourth degree and serveth to purge slimie humors That which Apothecaries sell in blacke clods

is made of Camels stale and because store of Camels be in Armenia it is called Armeniack Salt Peter is found in dry places under the ground Salt Peter and in hollow Rockes It is sometime called Nitre of a Region in Egypt Of this kinde is the salt called Borax Salt Gem is a white kinde of Even-salt shining like Salt Gem. Crystall It is also called Stonic marbly salt Sarmaticke or Dacian Salt of Indie is blackish Salt or ruddy It is in clods Salt of Indie cut out of mount Oremen Salt of Water is taken on the Sea coast or from some Salt of water lakes and springs and it is sod and congealed of the Sunne or by fire Allo me is a salt sweat of the earth it is either liquid Allome or hard Liquid Allome is called Roch or Rock-Allome Liquid Allome with it is paper washed c. Hard Allome or Allome Scissile is thicke and Hard Allome cleaveth It is as it were gray Bitume is a fat and tough moysture like pitch and Bitume is called Earthy pitch Liquid is like an oylely moysture flowing and is of Liquid Bitume divers colours after the varietie of the place of which Naphtha is a white fat of Bitumen which enflamed by water doth easily draw to it fire through store of oyle that is in it Naphtha Petreolum Naphtha Petreolum is found in rockes It is for his fatnesse of some called Oyle Ambar of Arabia is Bitume of an Ash colour Ambar of Arabia Hard Bitume Hard Bitume is tough like foam swimming on the water but being taken forth it waxeth hard of this kinde is Asphaltus which is blacke Bitume hard like stone pitch The best is gotten in the dead Sea of Iudea c. Pissaphaltus Pissaphaltus Asphaltus smelling of Pitch mingled with Bitume It is called Mummie Where this wants they sell us counterfeit of Syria for poore men that die there be stuffed with Bitume but the rich are dressed with Mirrh Alloes c. It also is found in clods rolling from mount Ceravine into the Sea Succinum Succinum is Bitume like a stone exceeding hard named Ex succo the Iuyce of the earth It is white or yellow which is called Ambar or blacke as Iet His fatnesse is so great that it burneth like a Candle and smelleth like the Pine tree It draweth to it chaffe and such other light stuffe by a certaine hid nature Metallar Earths which are digged forth of mines Terra Lemnia Terra Lemnia an exceeding red Earth of Lemnos I le digged in a red hill It is sometime used for Armenian In old time this had Dianaes seale upon it printed by her Priests who were onely wont to wash this earth It is of force to expell poyson it healeth wounds The nature of it festred and old and poysoned Bole Armenian is earth of Armenia it is of a pale Bole Armenian red colour smooth and easie to breake as chalke It is The nature of it a dryer and profiteth against all fluxes Terra Samia is white stiffe and tough comming Terra Samia from the I le Samos Ampelite is a pitchie earth cleaving and blacke it Ampelite is named of annoynting Vines to kill the wormes This earth is like that we call Stone or Sea coale Chalke is white earth of Creete and there is found Chalke of it in many other places There is also some found that is blacke which is Black Chalke called Pignitis CHAP. VII Of Natures perfectly living SO farre of Minerals Now follow Natures perfectly living What natures perfectly living are Natures perfectly-living are Plantes or bodies endowed with a soule In all these bodies are sundry vertues according to the temperature of the principall qualities For the forme useth their qualities as Instruments Whence come diverse distinct degrees of those qualities as some are hot cold dry moyst in the first second third and fourth degree The qualities in the first are obscure and scarce to be perceived in the second they are apparant and manifest in the third they be vehement and in the fourth immoderate and not to be indured And againe each of these hath a beginning middle and end Plants grow from a stalke or a trunke Those from a Plants stalke have but one stalke or many Trees are Plants having but one stalke full of Boughs and rising on high from the earth Some grow onely in hot Countries others grow indifferently in all places those that prosper best in hot Regions are Frankincense Mace Pepper Palme Balsame Pomegranet Lemmon Ceder The Frankincense tree groweth chiefly in Arabia Frankincense tree it is tall and hath leaves like the Mastike tree his gum The nature of it is soft white fat and round and is apt to perfume and the stiffer and liker Rosen it is so much the better This perfume was used for sacrifice Myrrhe is a tree in India of hard wood wrythen Myrrhe towardes the earth with a smooth barke the leaves The nature of it sharpe poynted towardes the end his gum is fat like Rosen thicke and shining red The distilled liquor of fresh Myrrh was once called Stact but now it is named Storax It is hot and dry in the second degree It dryeth closeth wounds it expelleth the wormes it is of force against an old cough and short winde It is bitter It is good to heale wounds of the head Mace is an Indian tree grown in the I le of Banda It Mace is almost like the Peach tree it hath narrow and short leaves whose fruit is the Nut-meg covered with Mace The Nut-meg hath an huske like a Filberd the Nutmeg fruit is covered with a rinde like our Wal-nut which with ripenesse openeth and sheweth the Mace which doth cover the Nut-meg c. The new and best Nut-meg is full of juyce or oyle smelling sweete It dryeth and heateth in the ende of the second degree with a kindely binding Pepper Pepper groweth in India Of it be two sorts of trees and two sorts of fruits one long the other round The round groweth on branches like vines which imbraceth trees that stand by it and his fruit is in clusters first greene then being dryed it turneth blacke and rough it is gathered in October Long Pepper groweth like the long bud on Nut-trees The nature of it It is hot and dry Palme tree groweth most in Egypt and Arabia alwayes Palme tree greene with a long round bodie his barke is like scales of a Fish and the more it is pressed the better it groweth therefore was it used as a reward for the Conquerour The wild Palme in India is called Thamarind Wilde Palme tree The nature of it the Date is his fruit it being ripe is blacke and sweete Of these bee three kindes Our Dates come from Egypt they are hot temperately Balsame is a low tree his trunke is not much unlike