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fire_n air_n element_n water_n 13,099 5 6.7742 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A50038 The natural history of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak in Derbyshire with an account of the British, Phœnician, Armenian, Gr. and Rom. antiquities in those parts / by Charles Leigh ... Leigh, Charles, 1662-1701? 1700 (1700) Wing L975; ESTC R20833 287,449 522

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which_o have_v a_o ferment_a virtue_n and_o leau'n_n a_o past_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o at_o that_o time_n say_v pliny_n and_o le_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a of_o nitre_n and_o sand_n vanssebius_fw-la and_o several_a say_v that_o though_o 500_o in_o a_o day_n die_v at_o grand_fw-fr cairo_n of_o the_o plague_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o the_o very_a day_n after_o there_o do_v not_o one_o die_v which_o doubtless_o can_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o air_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o volatile_a alkaly_n for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a and_o this_o dew_n fall_v this_o i_o think_v may_v sufficient_o hint_n to_o we_o the_o great_a use_n of_o its_o volatile_a spirit_n especial_o in_o pestilential_a distemper_n last_o about_o that_o time_n the_o nile_n begin_v to_o overflow_v those_o specimen_n which_o we_o have_v here_o grow_v heavy_a by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o alkaly_n be_v not_o make_v so_o by_o fire_n i_o can_v therefore_o conclude_v with_o helmont_n that_o all_o alkaly_n be_v make_v so_o by_o that_o element_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o separation_n from_o the_o water_n in_o latron_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a dr._n huntingdon_n who_o be_v at_o nitria_n give_v we_o this_o account_n there_o be_v a_o town_n in_o egypt_n call_v nitria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o nitrian_a desert_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n call_v latron_n take_v up_o a_o area_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o acre_n situate_v about_o thirty_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n from_o terena_n a_o town_n low_a upon_o the_o nile_n than_o grand_a cairo_n and_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n northwest_o from_o the_o pyramid_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o lake_n arise_v this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n call_v natron_n to_o the_o top_n as_o they_o do_v apprehend_v and_o there_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n condense_v into_o this_o kind_n of_o substance_n that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v i_o shall_v therefore_o premise_v some_o phoenomena_fw-la it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n before_o i_o give_v you_o my_o conjecture_n about_o it_o i_o take_v a_o evaporate_n glass_n which_o hold_v about_o four_o ounce_n and_o pour_v into_o it_o two_o ounce_n of_o nitrian_a water_n this_o i_o set_v upon_o a_o sand_n furnace_n give_v it_o fire_v by_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n be_v warm_a the_o particle_n of_o nitre_n begin_v to_o swim_v upon_o its_o surface_n in_o straggle_a and_o uneven_a number_n these_o after_o a_o while_n united_n and_o afterward_o there_o arise_v a_o salt_n sufficient_a to_o colour_n the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n i_o take_v then_o a_o thin_a glass_n and_o skin_v off_o this_o ice_n but_o can_v scarce_o take_v it_o all_o of_o 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pver_fw-la haud_fw-la exierit_fw-la he_o likewise_o commend_v it_o in_o some_o kind_n of_o barrenness_n and_o to_o this_o kircher_n in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subteraneus_fw-la allude_v when_o he_o say_v nili_n aqua_fw-la in_o potum_fw-la redit_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la saluberrimum_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o faecundandis_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la mite_n opportanum_fw-la and_o petrus_n giurius_fw-la give_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n out_o of_o caesius_n that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o the_o assyrian_n he_o command_v his_o daughter_n to_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n that_o she_o may_v make_v her_o husband_n happy_a in_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n by_o the_o testimony_n therefore_o of_o hypocrates_n galen_n mathiolus_n diascorides_n pliny_n and_o agricola_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o nitre_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o forementioned_a author_n that_o nitre_n which_o be_v a_o ingredient_n in_o gunpowder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v among_o the_o modern_n we_o have_v this_o account_n of_o it_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr closs_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o most_o of_o the_o mineral-water_n in_o france_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n and_o that_o all_o their_o cure_n be_v do_v by_o it_o molenbrochius_n affirm_v a_o tincture_n of_o aphronitum_fw-la to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a efficacy_n in_o the_o stone_n this_o i_o the_o rather_o credit_v because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o junken_a in_o his_o medicus_n the_o nitre_n of_o nitria_n be_v of_o so_o pierce_v a_o spirit_n that_o it_o will_v not_o permit_v either_o stone_n or_o rock_n to_o be_v thereabouts_o and_o ten_o rind_n in_o his_o meditation_n de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la medicina_fw-la affirm_v it_o to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o same_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o 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shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a crystal_n have_v a_o smell_n much_o like_o that_o of_o natural_a balsam_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o scarlet_a sulphur_n that_o precipitate_v in_o the_o water_n by_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n this_o water_n have_v a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o agate_n colour_n have_v be_v experiment_a in_o scorbutic_a case_n and_o answer_v the_o desire_a end_n the_o hanbridge_n water_n a_o small_a spring_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o burnley_n and_o townley_n yield_v a_o natron_n or_o natural_a alcali_n as_o those_o bourbon_n water_n in_o france_n cite_v by_o monsieur_n du-closs_n and_o another_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o like_o a_o terebinthinate_a or_o resinous_n body_n will_v melt_v with_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o reason_n why_o this_o salt_n melt_v by_o heat_n be_v only_o from_o a_o volatile_a bitumen_n unite_v with_o it_o for_o the_o salt_n be_v long_o keep_v in_o a_o 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to_o be_v call_v the_o burning-well_a it_o be_v observable_a though_o this_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la continual_o mix_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n continue_v cold_a nor_o will_v it_o thing_fw-mi silver_n wherefore_o i_o imagine_v this_o halitus_fw-la be_v pure_o sulphureous_a consist_v only_o of_o oily_a inflammable_a particle_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o vitriol_n or_o if_o any_o but_o inconsiderable_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v this_o kind_n of_o sulphur_n to_o impregnate_n the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o and_o the_o sulphur_n wells_n at_o maudsley_n and_o those_o at_o harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o be_v all_o sulphureous_a and_o yet_o all_o cold_a water_n that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o sulphur_n water_n become_v hot_a viz._n by_o collision_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n when_o in_o the_o spiracle_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v not_o a_o free_a open_a passage_n they_o beat_v and_o dash_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o by_o that_o collision_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o phosphorus_n which_o immediate_o take_v fire_n likewise_o in_o new_a hay_n and_o in_o wheel_n take_v fire_n by_o motion_n only_o for_o to_o imagine_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n to_o proceed_v from_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v no_o wise_a consistent_a with_o experience_n which_o after_o all_o our_o hypothesis_n must_v be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o our_o reason_n the_o forego_v instance_n may_v convince_v the_o world_n that_o sulphureous_a particle_n grow_v hot_a without_o ignition_n and_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o all_o hot_a bath_n be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v but_o for_o a_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n take_v this_o follow_a experiment_n let_v some_o brimstone_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n immediate_o upon_o its_o take_a flame_n stop_v
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o flame_n expire_v yet_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a fume_n dash_v upon_o each_o other_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n wax_v warm_a a_o certain_a signal_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o where_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v deny_v a_o passage_n or_o where_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o uneven_a sinuosity_n by_o beat_v upon_o and_o encounter_v one_o another_o a_o heat_n must_v be_v produce_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o convex_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n browne_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a in_o other_o so_o intense_o hot_a that_o though_o his_o clothes_n be_v never_o so_o thin_a the_o heat_n will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o the_o miner_n work_v all_o naked_a and_o eight_o hour_n be_v as_o much_o as_o most_o can_v endure_v the_o heat_n in_o these_o water_n can_v arise_v from_o fermentation_n because_o no_o fermentation_n can_v be_v discover_v in_o they_o nor_o by_o any_o experiment_n either_o in_o distillation_n precipitation_n or_o any_o other_o method_n can_v i_o ever_o observe_v such_o a_o contrariety_n of_o matter_n in_o they_o that_o one_o part_n will_v ferment_n upon_o another_o so_o as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a heat_n from_o subterraneous_a fire_n they_o can_v proceed_v because_o in_o these_o part_v such_o be_v never_o know_v or_o be_v there_o any_o can_v not_o but_o discover_v themselves_o since_o no_o fire_n will_v burn_v without_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o there_o must_v likewise_o be_v flue_n and_o chasm_n whence_o they_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o feculent_a part_n but_o since_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o disclose_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o bath_n shall_v grow_v hot_a by_o any_o such_o cause_n and_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n may_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o any_o such_o unwarrantable_a hypothesis_n as_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o to_o subterraneous_a fire_n those_o two_o notion_n be_v late_o espouse_v by_o dr._n guidot_n and_o dr._n pierce_n of_o bath_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v those_o gentleman_n rather_o fancy_v than_o observe_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v have_v they_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o those_o water_n they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o such_o chimerical_a hypothesis_n dr._n pierce_v indeed_o do_v not_o much_o trouble_v himself_o or_o the_o world_n with_o any_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bath_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o but_o only_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n from_o savoy_n which_o be_v as_o remote_a as_o that_o place_n to_o his_o undertake_n and_o as_o for_o dr._n guidot_n he_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o himself_o that_o unless_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o reconcile_a contradiction_n i_o be_o sure_a his_o thermae_n britannicae_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o as_o any_o wise_a arrogate_a a_o great_a genius_n to_o myself_o or_o to_o lessen_v those_o worthy_a person_n but_o only_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o please_v to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o despair_v not_o of_o their_o pardon_n have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o sulphureous_a saline_a water_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o saline_a one_o only_o as_o those_o at_o northwich_n namptwich_n middlewich_n dunham_n in_o cheshire_n and_o barton_n in_o lancashire_n various_a have_v be_v the_o notion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o spring_n some_o imagine_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n other_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v and_o first_o make_v useful_a by_o myself_o in_o refine_n that_o rock_n to_o a_o white_a granulated_a salt_n which_o be_v now_o practise_v in_o many_o place_n these_o spring_n sometime_o break_v out_o in_o the_o rock_n but_o often_o either_o above_n or_o under_o it_o some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n contain_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n of_o salt_n whence_o its_o plain_a that_o quatenus_fw-la salt-spring_n they_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sea_n because_o a_o quart_n of_o the_o best_a of_o that_o water_n afford_v seldom_o above_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n but_o most_o refuse_v it_o whence_o its_o plain_a dr._n lister_n in_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o force_v the_o pyrite_n upon_o we_o it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o fermentation_n betwixt_o this_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sulphur_n contain_v in_o the_o salt_n but_o that_o no_o wise_a warrant_n a_o pyrite_n since_o that_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o different_a principle_n viz._n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n beside_o sulphur_n which_o body_n by_o the_o dr_n own_o confession_n salt_n do_v not_o contain_v which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a notion_n he_o lay_v down_o about_o those_o water_n and_o that_o he_o may_v assume_v as_o a_o observation_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o the_o brine-spring_n and_o the_o rock-salt_n dissolve_v in_o fresh_a water_n that_o these_o salt_n will_v shoot_v into_o different_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o brine-spring_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v discover_v but_o from_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o in_o different_a spring_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o differ_v as_o some_o in_o middlewich_n from_o those_o at_o northwich_n where_o by_o chrystallization_n they_o shoot_v into_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n so_o that_o the_o sal_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la as_o the_o dr._n style_v it_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v its_o character_n nay_o rock-salt_n itself_o will_v never_o shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a figure_n at_o all_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v aver_v these_o salt-spring_n have_v not_o their_o saltness_n from_o any_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n yet_o know_v it_o follow_v therefore_o if_o they_o be_v not_o saturate_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n we_o may_v then_o form_v another_o hypothesis_n and_o conclude_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o aerial_a saline_a particle_n impregnate_v a_o proper_a bass_n and_o so_o by_o various_a solution_n and_o impregnation_n keep_v a_o continual_a circulation_n and_o so_o constant_o supply_v we_o and_o what_o chief_o give_v umbrage_n to_o this_o be_v the_o renascence_n of_o marine_a salt_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o make_v out_o by_o untzerus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o those_o mountain_n of_o salt_n that_o supply_n russia_n persia_n mesopotamia_n media_n and_o those_o vast_a country_n which_o as_o he_o affirm_v every_o year_n vegetate_n and_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o salt_n be_v dig_v be_v the_o year_n follow_v as_o full_a of_o salt_n as_o before_o phaenomena_n like_v to_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o vitriol-stone_n near_o hesse-cassel_n and_o in_o those_o iron-mine_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o fallopius_n beside_o the_o marine_a salt_n these_o spring_n do_v likewise_o contain_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la its_o observable_a the_o salt_n of_o some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v not_o easy_o precipitate_v but_o a_o little_a alum_n and_o fresh_a butter_n will_v effect_v it_o and_o then_o it_o make_v a_o large_a grain_n and_o strong_a salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o these_o salt_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o white_a sand_n which_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pan_n and_o this_o by_o frequent_a evaporation_n and_o filtration_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o bass_n out_o of_o which_o these_o salt-spring_n arise_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n in_o these_o part_n be_v those_o in_o a_o village_n call_v rougham_n adjacent_a to_o the_o remarkable_a sand_n which_o be_v the_o great_a road_n into_o furnace_n nine_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o at_o each_o springtide_n entire_o cover_v with_o water_n these_o in_o calm_a wether_n afford_v we_o very_o pleasant_a travel_v but_o in_o tempestuous_a season_n no_o less_o dismal_a than_o we_o can_v suppose_v the_o wild_a desert_n of_o arabia_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n near_o these_o the_o water_n issue_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a plentiful_a current_n it_o be_v a_o little_a brackish_a take_v inward_o it_o purge_v both_o by_o urine_n
day_n work_n be_v general_o on_o the_o seven_o expend_v in_o drunkenness_n and_o lewdness_n sometime_o in_o these_o mine_n be_v observable_a mineral_n earth_n by_o the_o miner_n call_v coke_n and_o toftan_n but_o to_o i_o they_o seem_v a_o courser_n sort_n of_o sparr_n these_o as_o the_o miner_n affirm_v be_v unerring_a indication_n of_o lead_n and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o those_o mineral_n they_o will_v pretend_v to_o tell_v you_o how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o lead_n but_o too_o much_o confidence_n be_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o these_o assertion_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v these_o mineral_n to_o be_v where_o no_o lead_n can_v ever_o be_v find_v nor_o indeed_o consider_v the_o various_a body_n lead_v be_v find_v in_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o conclude_v these_o to_o be_v the_o precede_a characteristic_n of_o that_o metal_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v more_o full_o consider_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o metal_n i_o shall_v not_o expatiate_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o but_o to_o that_o refer_v the_o reader_n the_o metal_n in_o these_o country_n be_v lead_v iron_n and_o copper_n the_o metallis_fw-la affinia_fw-la or_o body_n betwixt_o metal_n and_o mineral_n be_v antimony_n black-lead_a and_o lapis_fw-la calaminaris_n lead-ore_n be_v frequent_o find_v either_o in_o sparr_n white_a sand_n some_o of_o which_o be_v as_o white_a as_o the_o most_o refine_a sugar_n i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o fissure_v either_o of_o limestone_n or_o freestone_n and_o then_o it_o run_v in_o vein_n as_o the_o workman_n call_v it_o these_o be_v of_o different_a size_n sometime_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n diameter_n and_o the_o same_o mine_n sometime_o not_o above_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o the_o rock_n clasp_v together_o the_o vein_n entire_o disappear_v through_o which_o the_o miner_n continue_v to_o work_v recover_v the_o vein_n of_o metal_n as_o former_o this_o kind_n of_o ore_n be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o the_o fissure_v of_o lime_n and_o freestone_n another_o kind_n of_o lead-ore_n be_v find_v in_o lump_n and_o that_o in_o white_a sand_n as_o in_o the_o lead-mine_n near_o keswick_n there_o be_v four_o sort_n of_o lead-ore_n viz._n the_o spar-ore_n coke-ore_n potter_n ore_n and_o white_a ore_n the_o spar_n and_o coke-ore_n be_v about_o equal_a value_n and_o be_v flux_v with_o white_a wood_n in_o furnace_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o they_o usual_o run_v about_o a_o four_o or_o five_o potter_n ore_n will_v not_o lose_v above_o a_o seven_o and_o frequent_o contain_v a_o proportion_n of_o silver_n the_o white_a ore_n be_v a_o natural_a ceruse_n and_o yield_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n iron_n oar_n there_o be_v of_o four_o sort_n as_o the_o raddle-ore_n clay-ore_n blue_a ore_n and_o the_o button-ore_n so_o call_v from_o little_a globular_a protuberance_n that_o cover_v its_o superficies_n the_o common_a way_n of_o flux_v these_o be_v by_o a_o large_a blast_n with_o wood-charcoal_n but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o late_o by_o the_o cake_n of_o pit-coal_n those_o oar_n may_v be_v run_v into_o a_o malleable_a iron_n and_o if_o so_o the_o profit_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n will_v be_v extraordinary_a they_o have_v vast_a quantity_n of_o that_o ore_n and_o likewise_o of_o coal_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o sulphur_n of_o the_o pit-coal_n that_o render_v the_o iron_n brittle_a and_o run_v it_o to_o a_o regulus_n but_o whoever_o understand_v the_o flux_n of_o metal_n may_v easy_o by_o lixivial_n and_o due_a preparation_n know_v how_o to_o manage_v that_o point_n in_o the_o run_n down_o of_o all_o metal_n a_o particular_a care_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o workman_n otherwise_o they_o will_v too_o often_o evaporate_v it_o sink_v it_o into_o a_o lithorhage_n or_o run_v it_o down_o with_o the_o cinder_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o have_v a_o opportunity_n at_o leisure_n to_o convert_v it_o to_o their_o own_o use_n and_o so_o to_o defraud_v the_o proprietor_n and_o unless_o this_o disadvantage_n be_v prevent_v though_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a gainful_a prospect_n from_o the_o mine_n in_o lancashire_n they_o will_v never_o answer_v expectation_n for_o i_o myself_o have_v flux_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o ore_n to_o a_o four_o of_o malleable_a metal_n whereas_o the_o forger_n have_v only_o run_v it_o as_o he_o aver_v to_o a_o twenty_o nor_o will_v he_o account_v for_o any_o more_o to_o the_o proprietor_n copper_n oar_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o follow_a class_n viz._n the_o azure_a the_o green_a the_o golden_a and_o the_o cinerous_a or_o ash-coloured_a and_o these_o be_v find_v simple_o of_o themselves_o and_o sometime_o mix_v with_o iron_n lead_v and_o antimony_n of_o which_o i_o have_v various_a specimen_n but_o when_o the_o oar_n be_v so_o compound_v they_o never_o turn_v to_o account_v the_o azure_a might_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v answer_v all_o the_o intent_n of_o ultra-marine_n and_o in_o flux_v will_v not_o lose_v above_o a_o twenty_o part_n but_o of_o this_o the_o quantity_n be_v so_o small_a that_o no_o great_a advantage_n can_v be_v expect_v from_o it_o the_o golden_a ore_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o pyrite_n aureus_n mix_v with_o it_o which_o give_v it_o that_o colour_n of_o these_o there_o be_v quantity_n sufficient_a i_o do_v think_v to_o supply_v all_o europe_n and_o be_v the_o mine_n right_o manage_v we_o shall_v not_o have_v any_o necessity_n to_o import_v our_o copper_n from_o sweden_n which_o will_v be_v of_o vast_a advantage_n to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o either_o the_o ignorance_n or_o fraud_n of_o the_o smelter_n be_v such_o that_o the_o product_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n destroy_v the_o method_n of_o right_o run_v this_o metal_n be_v by_o reduce_v the_o ore_n to_o a_o small_a powder_n and_o afterward_o roast_v it_o till_o all_o the_o sulphur_n be_v evaporate_v and_o then_o by_o a_o addition_n of_o lixivial_a ash_n nitre_n and_o tartan_n the_o ore_n in_o a_o proper_a furnace_n will_v run_v to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o malleable_a copper_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o quantity_n of_o ore_n get_v weekly_n that_o the_o profit_n will_v be_v vast_o considerable_a but_o at_o present_a for_o aught_o i_o can_v learn_v they_o be_v so_o miserable_o manage_v that_o they_o turn_v to_o no_o account_n at_o all_o the_o green_a ore_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o vitriolic_a and_o the_o stoney_n the_o vitriolic_n will_v run_v to_o a_o half_a malleable_a the_o stoney_n not_o to_o a_o twenty_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o either_o roast_n or_o the_o flux-powder_n which_o in_o the_o golden_a ore_n can_v be_v effect_v the_o cinerous_a ore_n must_v be_v flux_v as_o the_o golden_a and_o then_o it_o will_v run_v to_o one_o half_a malleable_a and_o of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o lancashire_n quantity_n sufficient_a but_o that_o the_o method_n of_o essay_v metal_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v i_o shall_v in_o each_o of_o they_o set_v down_o the_o particular_a form_n which_o i_o find_v most_o practicable_a and_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n begin_v with_o iron_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o species_n of_o iron_n over_o be_v all_o enumerate_v before_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v direct_o begin_v with_o the_o process_n in_o run_v down_o that_o metal_n with_o some_o experiment_n upon_o the_o haematites_n or_o bloodstone_n the_o furnace_n in_o which_o this_o be_v run_v down_o be_v about_o two_o yard_n square_a and_o so_o rise_v perpendicular_a a_o yard_n or_o more_o it_o be_v line_v within_o with_o a_o wall_n of_o the_o best_a freestone_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o furnace_n the_o bellows_o which_o be_v large_a and_o move_v by_o water_n enter_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o focus_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o furnace_n be_v raise_v upon_o this_o six_o or_o seven_o yard_n in_o a_o square_a or_o quadrangle_n but_o taper_v so_o that_o the_o side_n draw_v each_o other_o by_o degree_n and_o the_o top_n hole_n or_o orifice_n where_o they_o throw_v in_o basket_n of_o stone_n and_o fuel_n be_v but_o half_a a_o yard_n square_a into_o this_o place_n they_o put_v down_o a_o pole_n to_o know_v how_o far_o it_o have_v rest_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o when_o they_o find_v it_o to_o have_v subside_v about_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a than_o they_o put_v in_o more_o till_o the_o furnace_n be_v full_a again_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o iron_n over_o that_o yield_v a_o iron_n that_o be_v brittle_a when_o it_o be_v cold_a this_o abound_v with_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o sulphur_n however_o it_o may_v be_v make_v a_o metal_n malleable_a as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n by_o reduce_v to_o powder_n and_o roast_v the_o
quadruped_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o most_o complete_a piece_n of_o clockwork_a or_o automala_n move_v only_o as_o the_o object_n make_v a_o impression_n on_o the_o organ_n but_o since_o these_o creature_n be_v certain_o endue_v with_o thought_n and_o memory_n which_o can_v never_o be_v explain_v by_o rule_n of_o mechanism_n that_o hypothesis_n be_v but_o ill_o ground_v nay_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o explain_v these_o two_o faculty_n by_o their_o problem_n in_o mechanic_n that_o they_o be_v at_o a_o full_a stop_n even_o by_o those_o rule_n to_o unfold_v to_o i_o the_o more_o easy_a instance_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n steno_n charleton_n borellus_n and_o crone_n have_v make_v ingenious_a conjecture_n on_o this_o point_n yet_o be_v defective_a when_o they_o come_v to_o examine_v the_o main_a business_n on_o those_o notion_n epicurus_n lucretius_n and_o mr._n lock_v refine_v and_o explain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o brute_n by_o image_n and_o idea_n and_o these_o they_o make_v either_o simple_a or_o complex_n and_o those_o imprint_v upon_o the_o organ_n by_o the_o object_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v through_o a_o long_a experience_n of_o those_o idea_n they_o be_v able_a to_o think_v and_o distinguish_v and_o in_o that_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o consist_v their_o knowledge_n now_o i_o will_v only_o inquire_v of_o these_o learned_a gentleman_n a_o solution_n of_o one_o question_n whether_o or_o no_o these_o idea_n imprint_v on_o the_o organ_n by_o the_o object_n be_v material_a or_o immaterial_a if_o they_o allow_v they_o material_a it_o be_v impossible_a but_o by_o such_o a_o weight_n of_o matter_n through_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o a_o creature_n life_n imprint_v on_o the_o organ_n the_o organ_n must_v unavoidable_o be_v too_o oppress_v even_o to_o distinguish_v at_o all_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o eye_n for_o a_o small_a season_n may_v view_v the_o sun_n but_o by_o a_o pressure_n of_o its_o particle_n upon_o it_o it_o soon_o become_v dim_a and_o undiscerning_a but_o to_o this_o they_o may_v reply_v that_o a_o impression_n on_o the_o organ_n be_v make_v equal_o as_o that_o of_o the_o effigy_n of_o a_o signet_n on_o wax_n but_o this_o will_v appear_v as_o liable_a to_o absurdity_n as_o the_o former_a for_o from_o the_o same_o object_n on_o the_o same_o organ_n still_o new_a impression_n must_v succeed_v hence_o the_o organ_n in_o a_o common_a tract_n of_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v wear_v out_o and_o destroy_v and_o consequent_o not_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v any_o thing_n for_o doubtless_o if_o the_o object_n can_v at_o any_o time_n stamp_v any_o impression_n or_o idea_n it_o must_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la still_o do_v so_o and_o then_o the_o consequence_n be_v unavoidable_a but_o if_o they_o allege_v these_o idea_n or_o image_n be_v immaterial_a than_o a_o soul_n or_o spiritual_n be_v follow_v evident_o in_o those_o creature_n sufficient_a to_o actuate_v the_o body_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o some_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n this_o allow_v there_o be_v no_o occasion_n for_o these_o image_n or_o idea_n for_o why_o shall_v nature_n produce_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a being_n without_o a_o necessity_n be_v never_o multiply_v and_o now_o after_o all_o the_o blaze_n that_o elaborate_v piece_n of_o human_a understanding_n have_v procure_v in_o the_o world_n from_o what_o be_v observe_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o learn_v that_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o trifle_v in_o philosophy_n and_o refine_n on_o the_o godhead_n and_o perhaps_o to_o too_o many_o unwary_o catch_v have_v be_v of_o pernicious_a consequence_n i_o have_v insist_v the_o long_a on_o this_o subject_n because_o this_o book_n though_o so_o universal_o receive_v if_o right_o weigh_v be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v before_o allege_v i_o shall_v therefore_o examine_v his_o hypothesis_n that_o be_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o former_a mr._n hobb_n notion_n be_v that_o all_o being_n be_v material_a and_o that_o betwixt_o matter_n and_o nothing_o there_o be_v no_o distinction_n which_o notion_n no_o doubt_n give_v hint_n to_o that_o great_a man_n before_o mention_v to_o form_v his_o idea_n how_o far_o mr._n hobb_n hypothesis_n be_v consistent_a with_o reason_n for_o the_o follow_a reason_n i_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o first_o place_n let_v he_o tell_v i_o how_o matter_n can_v think_v if_o he_o be_v there_o at_o a_o loss_n his_o notion_n unavoidable_o fall_v but_o to_o say_v it_o can_v be_v only_o to_o assert_v matter_n act_v upon_o matter_n and_o then_o i_o will_v know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o judge_v of_o that_o action_n think_v when_o it_o abstract_n from_o all_o material_a object_n this_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o be_v consist_v of_o matter_n for_o than_o it_o can_v not_o judge_v of_o the_o action_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v it_o be_v true_a in_o mathematical_a argumentation_n we_o have_v not_o idea_n of_o any_o being_n but_o what_o consequent_o we_o must_v suppose_v to_o be_v material_a for_o our_o apprehension_n of_o they_o be_v under_o some_o determinate_a figure_n and_o so_o consequent_o material_a because_o that_o be_v a_o quality_n viz._n extension_n inseparable_a from_o matter_n but_o since_o to_o form_v adequate_a conception_n of_o immaterial_a being_n surpass_v both_o our_o intellect_n and_o organ_n it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o being_n no_o more_o than_o since_o a_o mathematician_n can_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n demonstrate_v why_o one_o grain_n shall_v become_v five_o hundred_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v obvious_a and_o familiar_a enough_o it_o be_v strange_a such_o absurdity_n shall_v be_v put_v upon_o the_o world_n methinks_v the_o be_v that_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o the_o pen_n i_o write_v with_o sufficient_o evince_v i_o to_o the_o contrary_a not_o that_o i_o speak_v this_o out_o of_o a_o conceit_n of_o any_o mean_a performance_n of_o my_o own_o but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v actuate_v by_o a_o be_v independent_a from_o it_o by_o which_o i_o be_o able_a to_o demonstrate_v i_o be_o a_o rational_a creature_n i_o proceed_v next_o to_o dr._n willis_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o brute_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v a_o actual_a fire_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o examine_v his_o reason_n and_o conjecture_n relate_v to_o that_o opinion_n and_o then_o lie_v down_o some_o argument_n why_o it_o can_v be_v so_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v examine_v the_o various_a species_n of_o fire_n and_o their_o different_a pabulum_n and_o shall_v then_o from_o the_o experiment_n he_o recite_v see_v how_o far_o they_o be_v convince_a upon_o that_o topic_n of_o fire_n there_o be_v various_a sort_n but_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o generical_a head_n viz._n aerial_a terrestrial_a or_o animal_n the_o aerial_a one_o be_v those_o of_o lightning_n shoot_v of_o star_n fly_v serpent_n the_o twin_n castor_n or_o pollux_n call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n corpse_n le_fw-fr saint_n and_o these_o frequent_o fix_v upon_o the_o mast_n and_o sail_n of_o ship_n the_o seaman_n by_o their_o long_a continuance_n or_o quick_a disappearance_n will_v pretend_v to_o prognosticate_v the_o future_a wether_n it_o be_v impossible_a from_o any_o experiment_n he_o can_v make_v upon_o these_o in_o the_o air_n pump_n that_o he_o shall_v form_v any_o corollary_n and_o since_o these_o no_o way_n refer_v to_o this_o business_n i_o shall_v not_o far_o enlarge_v upon_o they_o the_o experiment_n recite_v by_o the_o honourable_a esq_n boyle_n and_o the_o doctor_n be_v upon_o common_a fire_n in_o the_o air_n pump_n which_o they_o find_v to_o extinguish_v as_o they_o draw_v out_o the_o vitrous_a part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o animal_n in_o the_o air_n pump_n the_o doctor_n hence_o conclude_v the_o soul_n of_o brute_n to_o be_v a_o actual_a flame_n and_o have_v he_o live_v to_o have_v see_v the_o phosphorus_n prepare_v from_o the_o blood_n i_o question_v not_o but_o his_o pregnant_a part_n will_v high_o have_v improve_v that_o notion_n in_o answer_n to_o his_o hypothesis_n i_o will_v glad_o know_v of_o any_o man_n whether_o it_o be_v possible_a fire_n shall_v think_v or_o that_o voluntary_a motion_n can_v be_v solve_v by_o that_o element_n when_o it_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n confine_v only_o to_o one_o motion_n and_o that_o be_v ascension_n as_o the_o psalmist_n philosophical_o and_o true_o word_n it_o as_o natural_o as_o the_o spark_n fly_v upward_o and_o these_o grant_v it_o necessary_o follow_v the_o hypothesis_n be_v groundless_a because_o in_o brute_n there_o be_v both_o thought_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n as_o be_v before_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o next_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o of_o dr._n mayow_o who_o suppose_v the_o soul_n of_o a_o brute_n to_o be_v