meteor_n be_v the_o shoot_v off_o of_o a_o gun_n for_o the_o thunder-bolt_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o bullet_n the_o fire_n come_v out_o of_o the_o muzzle_n represent_v lightning_n and_o the_o report_n from_o thence_o hold_v the_o place_n of_o thunder_n another_o thing_n which_o give_v we_o a_o lively_a and_o more_o just_a idea_n of_o they_o be_v aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la which_o like_o the_o thunder-bolt_n carry_v its_o stroke_n downward_o three_o grain_n of_o which_o though_o never_o so_o little_o make_v hot_a take_v fire_n and_o give_v a_o great_a report_n than_o two_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n i_o will_v show_v you_o its_o preparation_n in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o it_o and_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v how_o it_o come_v to_o thunder_n and_o how_o the_o thunder-bolt_n fall_v epicurus_n attribute_n the_o fall_n of_o the_o thunder-bolt_n to_o the_o aperture_n which_o the_o wind_n produce_v in_o the_o cloud_n but_o the_o lightning_n he_o think_v arise_v when_o the_o thunder-bolt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o violent_a motion_n in_o the_o air_n take_v fire_n or_o say_v this_o philosopher_n the_o flame_n of_o the_o lightning_n be_v excite_v by_o the_o mutual_a meeting_n of_o cloud_n which_o be_v body_n make_v hard_o by_o vehement_a cold_n or_o else_o that_o it_o be_v excite_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o wind_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o star_n which_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o nitrous_a and_o sulphurous_a matter_n collect_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cloud_n the_o sound_n of_o thunder_n may_v be_v divers_a way_n first_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o a_o strange_a body_n contain_v in_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cloud_n and_o roll_v through_o it_o as_o we_o see_v a_o solid_a body_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o pot_n excite_v a_o sound_n and_o murmur_a noise_n if_o the_o pot_n be_v move_v the_o same_o noise_n may_v likewise_o proceed_v from_o the_o break_n or_o burst_v of_o the_o cloud_n as_o well_o as_o it_o do_v from_o the_o burst_n of_o a_o blown-bladder_n or_o paper_n sudden_o and_o forcible_o extend_v or_o the_o sail_n of_o a_o ship_n tear_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o like_a manner_n this_o sound_n may_v be_v cause_v from_o the_o mutual_a meeting_n together_o of_o harden_a cloud_n like_o that_o we_o hear_v when_o piece_n or_o flake_n of_o ice_n dash_v one_o against_o another_o either_o in_o the_o river_n or_o on_o the_o bank_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o wood_n indeed_o stir_v by_o the_o wind_n the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n interrupt_v linen_n and_o paper_n suspend_v in_o the_o air_n by_o their_o violent_a motion_n excite_v sound_n like_o the_o sound_n of_o thunder_n we_o may_v say_v beside_o that_o the_o thunder-bolt_n be_v thorough_o light_v and_o fall_v upon_o a_o moist_a cloud_n excite_v a_o great_a noise_n such_o as_o we_o hear_v when_o red_a hot_a iron_n be_v throw_v into_o water_n or_o melt_v metal_n into_o oil_n urine_n honey_n or_o the_o lees_n of_o wine_n where_o we_o also_o find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o murmur_n and_o at_o last_o we_o perceive_v so_o great_a a_o noise_n or_o sound_n that_o it_o threaten_v the_o break_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o this_o mighty_a noise_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o vehement_a separation_n of_o the_o salt_n nitre_n and_o sulphur_n which_o be_v mix_v together_o be_v include_v in_o the_o thunder-bolt_n and_o the_o cloud_n as_o gunpowder_n be_v in_o gun_n and_o mine_n for_o the_o violent_a and_o sudden_a separation_n of_o nitre_n and_o sulphur_n forcible_o separate_v all_o body_n near_o they_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o mighty_a sound_n therefore_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o comprehend_v the_o nature_n and_o wonderful_a effect_n of_o this_o meteor_n i_o will_v make_v the_o follow_a digression_n concern_v aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la chap._n xv._n of_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la or_o gold_n imitate_v thunder_n experience_n show_v we_o upon_o earth_n a_o much_o more_o natural_a image_n or_o representation_n of_o thunder_n than_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o the_o noise_n and_o disturbance_n which_o this_o gold_n when_o set_v on_o fire_n produce_v do_v so_o proper_o imitate_v the_o horrid_a noise_n of_o thunder_n that_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v call_v aurum-fulminans_a i_o will_v here_o give_v you_o its_o preparation_n and_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o wonderful_a effect_n and_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o production_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n take_v therefore_o for_o example_n one_o ounce_n of_o calcine_v gold_n or_o leaf_n gold_n or_o else_o gold_n dust_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o bolt_n head_n and_o pour_v to_o it_o three_o ounce_n of_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o be_v do_v place_v it_o upon_o hot_a ash_n and_o the_o gold_n will_v dissolve_v and_o be_v reduce_v into_o water_n to_o which_o pour_v on_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o fair_a water_n and_o after_o that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n for_o than_o that_o will_v cause_v a_o ebullition_n or_o boil_a which_o be_v over_o the_o gold_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o form_n of_o dust_n then_o afterward_o pour_v off_o the_o water_n that_o swim_v a_o top_n by_o gentle_o stoop_v the_o vessel_n and_o dry_a the_o powder_n in_o the_o air_n so_o have_v you_o aurum-fulminans_a for_o it_o produce_v all_o the_o effect_n we_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o so_o soon_o take_v fire_n be_v take_v from_o the_o atom_n or_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n which_o be_v in_o aqua-regis_a as_o also_o of_o the_o sulphur_n vitriol_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v these_o sulphurous_a and_o acid_n and_o volatile_a salt_n be_v unite_v together_o and_o the_o precipitate_v particle_n of_o gold_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n possess_v their_o place_n dissolve_v their_o union_n and_o force_v they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o be_v separate_v so_o that_o nothing_o remain_v in_o the_o water_n but_o a_o dissolve_a salt_n part_n of_o which_o adhere_v to_o the_o atom_n of_o gold_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n with_o they_o as_o the_o increase_a weight_n of_o the_o powder_n evince_n these_o same_o particle_n therefore_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o powder_n stick_v to_o the_o gold_n so_o that_o heat_n penetrate_v this_o and_o dilate_v this_o matter_n produce_v a_o sudden_a and_o violent_a separation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v make_v hot_a rarefy_v subtilise_v and_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o gold_n which_o before_o be_v fix_v be_v accompany_v with_o these_o spirit_n fly_v away_o with_o a_o thunder_a noise_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contrariety_n that_o be_v between_o the_o alcalous_a salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o the_o acid_a salt_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o gunpowder_n where_o the_o alkali_n that_o be_v in_o the_o charcoal_n produce_v the_o same_o effect_v as_o be_v see_v in_o this_o thunder_a gold_n except_v that_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o its_o explosion_n be_v make_v downward_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o fixity_n and_o weight_n we_o see_v the_o same_o in_o the_o thunder-bolt_n for_o the_o stroke_n be_v make_v downward_o the_o flash_n be_v see_v and_o the_o noise_n be_v hear_v beside_o the_o thunder-bolt_n produce_v wonderful_a effect_n such_o as_o be_v consume_v of_o wine_n in_o the_o vessel_n melt_v of_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o scabbard_n the_o scabbard_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v both_o untouched_a therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o stroke_n of_o thunder_n move_v downward_o as_o well_o as_o aurum-fulminans_a because_o these_o terrestrial_a particle_n predominate_v they_o fix_v the_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o precipitate_v they_o downward_o the_o flash_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o rarefaction_n and_o emancipation_n of_o the_o solar_n and_o celestial_a particle_n therein_o contain_v but_o the_o noise_n in_o aurum-fulminans_a as_o well_o as_o in_o thunder_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o violent_a separation_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a and_o more_o fixedly-adhering_a particle_n or_o atom_n but_o thunder_n consume_v wine_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o vessel_n be_v unhurt_a because_o it_o consist_v of_o emancipate_v atom_n which_o be_v therefore_o so_o subtle_a that_o they_o penetrate_v the_o vessel_n subtilise_v and_o rarefie_v the_o wine_n and_o convert_v it_o into_o atom_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o vessel_n and_o fly_v away_o into_o the_o air_n but_o in_o aurum-fulminans_a the_o strength_n of_o the_o volatile_a spirit_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o gold_n on_o high_a it_o be_v carry_v downward_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o wonderful_a effect_n rely_v upon_o this_o truth_n to_o wit_n that_o subtle_a body_n be_v more_o subtilise_v volatile_a body_n more_o volatile_a and_o fix_v body_n
as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v condense_v and_o give_v way_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o conclude_v two_o thing_n in_o defence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o air_n be_v before_o rarify_v in_o the_o vial_n and_o that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o dilate_v but_o this_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n can_v be_v do_v but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a and_o more_o copious_a vacuum_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o water_n can_v not_o ascend_v in_o the_o vial_n unless_o the_o air_n do_v give_v way_n and_o be_v condense_v but_o air_n can_v be_v condense_v unless_o the_o part_n of_o it_o close_o near_o together_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o a_o vacuum_n therefore_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o help_n of_o vacuum_n which_o be_v partly_o take_v away_o and_o lessen_v as_o well_o in_o quality_n as_o in_o number_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o a_o bushel_n full_a of_o corn_n or_o salt_n when_o it_o be_v move_v by_o which_o motion_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a condense_a and_o the_o atom_n of_o fire_n beget_v a_o dilate_v motion_n to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n but_o cold_a produce_v a_o condense_a motion_n and_o as_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o become_v more_o gross_a the_o airy_a atom_n do_v also_o draw_v the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v with_o small_a hook_n or_o the_o external_a air_n lie_v upon_o the_o water_n make_v it_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o vacuum_n which_o give_v place_n or_o at_o least_o do_v not_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n but_o perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o the_o air_n but_o that_o many_o particle_n of_o subtle_a matter_n do_v go_v out_o from_o the_o vial_n and_o give_v place_n to_o the_o ascend_a water_n but_o this_o answer_n give_v no_o manner_n of_o satisfaction_n because_o there_o be_v no_o body_n to_o force_v this_o subtle_a matter_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o way_n through_o which_o it_o may_v pass_v as_o also_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n assign_v why_o the_o water_n be_v force_v upward_o as_o to_o this_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o small_a empty_a space_n which_o be_v find_v in_o all_o body_n which_o body_n be_v more_o or_o less_o fluid_a or_o solid_a as_o they_o have_v more_o or_o less_o of_o matter_n or_o renitency_n as_o there_o be_v the_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n of_o those_o vacuum_n whereof_o we_o speak_v disperse_v through_o they_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o a_o congregate_v vacuum_n against_o aristotle_n and_o cartesius_n gassendus_fw-la be_v not_o only_o against_o these_o two_o philosopher_n concern_v a_o disperse_a vacuum_n but_o also_o about_o a_o congregate_v one_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v about_o divers_a compound_v body_n aristotle_n who_o fight_v for_o quality_n or_o accident_n distinct_a from_o substance_n reject_v a_o vacuum_n as_o a_o thing_n which_o nature_n can_v no_o way_n endure_v but_o cartesius_n speak_v yet_o more_o hardly_o of_o it_o for_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o production_n of_o it_o in_o the_o world_n do_v not_o only_o exceed_v the_o power_n of_o second_o cause_n but_o even_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n itself_o aristotle_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v his_o doctrine_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o wit_n that_o in_o his_o opinion_n a_o vacuum_n will_v interrupt_v and_o hinder_v the_o motion_n and_o action_n of_o natural_a cause_n for_o if_o indeed_o light_a and_o heat_n be_v accident_n the_o sun_n can_v not_o produce_v either_o of_o they_o in_o a_o vacuum_n or_o through_o it_o though_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_a of_o it_o in_o the_o air_n equal_a to_o the_o least_o imaginable_a point_n for_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n they_o be_v accident_n and_o have_v need_n of_o a_o subject_a which_o a_o vacuum_n do_v not_o afford_v they_o descartes_n build_v upon_o another_o foundation_n for_o he_o acknowledge_v no_o difference_n between_o extension_n and_o matter_n extend_v and_o therefore_o he_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o distance_n between_o two_o wall_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v no_o air_n nor_o matter_n but_o that_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o together_o which_o how_o ridiculous_a it_o be_v we_o shall_v see_v by_o what_o follow_v i_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o nature_n do_v not_o abhor_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o vacuum_n in_o nature_n for_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o this_o imaginary_a fear_n and_o the_o experiment_n which_o i_o bring_v will_v most_o solid_o demonstrate_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n this_o experiment_n be_v make_v at_o clermont_n by_o the_o late_a mr._n paschall_n a_o man_n well_o esteem_v by_o all_o that_o know_v he_o he_o take_v a_o glass_n tube_n four_o foot_n long_o divide_v into_o inch_n and_o line_n open_a at_o one_o end_n only_o through_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o then_o put_v into_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n immediate_o the_o quicksilver_n that_o be_v in_o the_o tube_n do_v descend_v and_o stick_v at_o the_o height_n of_o twenty_o five_o inch_n and_o five_o line_n and_o a_o half_a and_o remain_v visible_o in_o that_o state_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hour_n this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o make_v in_o several_a place_n two_o or_o three_o time_n i_o and_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n and_o learning_n be_v present_a and_o indeed_o every_o time_n it_o do_v more_o or_o less_o sink_v down_o according_a to_o the_o highness_n or_o lowness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v without_o any_o visible_a alteration_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n i_o conclude_v that_o the_o space_n which_o remain_v above_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v a_o vacuum_n and_o that_o nothing_o but_o light_n be_v contain_v within_o it_o we_o must_v therefore_o say_v either_o that_o light_n be_v not_o a_o accident_n but_o a_o body_n which_o fill_v the_o space_n or_o else_o that_o this_o space_n be_v a_o vacuum_n and_o that_o light_n be_v in_o it_o without_o its_o subject_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o glass_n be_v porous_a the_o air_n or_o some_o other_o body_n more_o subtle_a may_v enter_v into_o the_o tube_n and_o replenish_v the_o space_n leave_v by_o the_o descend_a quicksilver_n but_o that_o can_v be_v because_o the_o quicksilver_n descend_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o the_o air_n can_v not_o so_o sudden_o enter_v in_o without_o break_v of_o the_o glass_n but_o if_o it_o do_v enter_v why_o do_v not_o the_o quicksilver_n descend_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n but_o remain_v suspend_v at_o a_o certain_a height_n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o vacuum_n according_a to_o the_o conception_n which_o aristotle_n have_v leave_v we_o of_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o be_v in_o nature_n second_o that_o the_o external_a air_n by_o its_o weight_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o earthen_a vessel_n for_o otherwise_o all_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n will_v fall_v down_o to_o the_o very_a bottom_n three_o that_o the_o same_o air_n have_v a_o great_a pressure_n in_o valley_n than_o in_o mountain_n especial_o upon_o those_o that_o be_v very_o high_a because_o here_o it_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o rare_a and_o more_o dilate_a by_o disseminated_a vacuum_n whereby_o its_o weight_n be_v lessen_v together_o with_o its_o strength_n and_o resistency_n the_o opinion_n of_o cartesius_n be_v yet_o more_o ridiculous_a who_o affirm_v that_o a_o vacuum_n be_v impossible_a even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n which_o opinion_n be_v no_o less_o impious_a than_o it_o be_v rash_a for_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o god_n be_v able_a to_o reduce_v into_o nothing_o the_o air_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o vial_n and_o also_o to_o hinder_v any_o other_o body_n from_o come_v into_o its_o place_n descartes_n say_v that_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v impossible_a and_o that_o if_o this_o air_n be_v annihilate_v the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n will_v immediate_o touch_v one_o another_o because_o say_v he_o thing_n betwixt_o which_o nothing_o interpose_v do_v touch_v one_o another_o that_o be_v true_a that_o when_o nothing_o be_v there_o nothing_o can_v be_v there_o or_o when_o thing_n come_v together_o to_o be_v join_v but_o we_o suppose_v here_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vial_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o state_n as_o indeed_o they_o do_v if_o they_o be_v not_o any_o way_n move_v which_o they_o do_v not_o god_n almighty_n hinder_v and_o whosoever_o deny_v that_o god_n almighty_n be_v able_a to_o hinder_v this_o motion_n and_o this_o contiguity_n in_o so_o suppose_v be_v ridiculous_a and_o rash_a prescribe_v limit_n to_o god_n almighty_n power_n there_o be_v
rendredmore_o fix_v for_o this_o reason_n the_o powder_n of_o projection_n so_o call_v be_v cast_v into_o melt_a metal_n that_o be_v not_o fix_v penetrate_v it_o and_o six_v it_o by_o its_o own_o fixity_n but_o this_o experience_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v out_o so_o that_o no_o experience_n can_v be_v take_v from_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o equal_o as_o certain_a and_o as_o common_a as_o aurum-fulminans_a and_o gunpowder_n which_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o powder_n and_o it_o be_v such_o as_o they_o report_v it_o it_o be_v a_o miracle_n both_o of_o art_n and_o nature_n chap._n xvi_o of_o hail_n snow_n frost_n etc._n etc._n hail_o descend_v from_o the_o cloud_n and_o fall_v down_o with_o violence_n be_v compose_v of_o drop_n of_o water_n harden_v by_o cold_a and_o it_o fall_v down_o with_o violence_n because_o it_o be_v expel_v the_o cloud_n by_o a_o strong_a expression_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o your_o small_a shot_n be_v discharge_v out_o of_o a_o musket_n snow_n be_v water_n congeal_v in_o the_o form_n of_o froth_n the_o slake_v of_o it_o in_o its_o fall_n be_v puff_v up_o and_o fill_v with_o air_n which_o make_v it_o very_o porous_a and_o light_a it_o contain_v also_o many_o terrestrial_a particle_n as_o appear_v in_o dissolve_v it_o it_o be_v white_a but_o may_v be_v make_v black_a by_o a_o sole_a inversion_n of_o its_o atom_n there_o be_v also_o in_o it_o many_o fiery_a particle_n which_o warm_a the_o hand_n of_o those_o that_o long_o handle_v it_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o hail_n also_o which_o fall_v in_o the_o spring_n time_n it_o be_v like_o your_o small_a shot_n or_o your_o seed_n of_o coriander_n this_o only_o differ_v from_o snow_n in_o the_o purity_n of_o its_o part_n or_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o have_v more_o vacuity_n in_o it_o than_o there_o be_v in_o snow_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a snow_n have_v more_o of_o air_n and_o fire_n in_o it_o than_o this_o kind_n of_o hail_n but_o both_o of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n disolve_v their_o part_n reduce_v into_o water_n hoary_a frost_n be_v air_n incrassated_a by_o cold_a and_o congeal_v upon_o the_o bough_n of_o tree_n upon_o the_o hair_n of_o traveller_n and_o upon_o the_o herb_n of_o the_o field_n and_o it_o be_v call_v white_a ice_n in_o this_o crystalline_a whiteness_n a_o bloody_a redness_n be_v include_v which_o may_v be_v extract_v out_o of_o this_o hoary_a frost_n and_o which_o if_o it_o be_v well_o prepare_v conduce_v very_o much_o to_o health_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o rainbow_n halo_n and_o pareliae_fw-la the_o rainbow_n be_v the_o most_o beautiful_a of_o all_o meteor_n and_o the_o miracle_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v see_v when_o the_o sun_n either_o rise_v or_o set_v dart_n his_o ray_n upon_o a_o cloud_n full_a of_o little_a globular_a suspend_v drop_n of_o water_n which_o by_o diverse_o break_v and_o reflect_v the_o light_n produce_v that_o diversity_n of_o colour_n which_o we_o observe_v in_o it_o which_o cease_v either_o by_o a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o cloud_n or_o by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun._n this_o meteor_n appear_v like_o a_o beautiful_a arch_n adorn_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o colour_n which_o happen_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n look_v only_o upon_o its_o superficies_n and_o then_o when_o it_o be_v rise_v or_o set_v and_o the_o cloud_n be_v either_o in_o the_o north_n or_o in_o the_o south_n some_o will_v have_v these_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n to_o be_v only_a appearance_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n real_a but_o this_o be_v a_o error_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o these_o may_v be_v equal_o as_o real_a as_o all_o other_o though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o lasting_a a_o halo_n be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o circle_n about_o the_o moon_n which_o arise_v from_o a_o gross_a and_o thick_a cloud_n upon_o which_o the_o lunar_a ray_n fall_v direct_o so_o that_o its_o middle_n be_v make_v pervious_a to_o they_o and_o break_v through_o by_o they_o though_o the_o circumference_n be_v not_o which_o be_v therefore_o the_o appear_a circle_n and_o which_o be_v not_o as_o it_o be_v vulgar_o imagine_v nigh_o to_o the_o moon_n but_o it_o be_v in_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o moon_n parheliae_fw-la be_v counterfeit_a sun_n form_v in_o the_o cloud_n either_o by_o the_o reflection_n or_o refraction_n of_o his_o beam_n just_a as_o we_o see_v they_o in_o water_n where_o sometime_o many_o sun_n be_v see_v though_o there_o be_v never_o more_o than_o one_o we_o may_v say_v likewise_o that_o the_o cloud_n in_o respect_n of_o we_o be_v like_o those_o prospective_n looking-glass_n which_o represent_v many_o image_n of_o one_o thing_n place_v upon_o a_o table_n which_o one_o thing_n be_v only_o real_a and_o all_o the_o rest_n imaginary_a yet_o this_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o these_o parheliae_n may_v be_v true_a light_n and_o sun_n paint_v without_o artifice_n chap._n xviii_o of_o air_n its_o substance_n and_o quality_n air_n be_v that_o element_n out_o of_o which_o the_o meteor_n be_v form_v which_o we_o speak_v of_o its_o substance_n be_v most_o subtle_a and_o most_o fluid_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vacuity_n disperse_v through_o it_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o thick_a and_o heavy_a in_o the_o low_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o corpuscle_n come_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n some_o think_v it_o only_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o little_a body_n or_o particle_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n whereupon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n we_o breathe_v in_o depend_v upon_o the_o climate_n which_o we_o inhabit_v so_o that_o air_n be_v not_o every_o where_o alike_o wholesome_a but_o very_o unwholesome_a in_o moorish_a and_o fenny_a ground_n from_o whence_o ordinary_o gross_a and_o malignant_a vapour_n thick_a and_o putrid_a cloud_n arise_v which_o we_o take_v in_o when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n the_o very_a same_o air_n we_o breathe_v in_o and_o which_o when_o we_o take_v our_o breath_n preserve_v our_o life_n by_o its_o wholesome_a gale_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v death_n to_o we_o when_o it_o come_v lade_v with_o sharp_a particle_n which_o in_o their_o passage_n vellicate_a the_o lung_n and_o cause_n most_o vehement_a coughing_n oftentimes_o also_o emancipate_v point_a and_o penetrate_a atom_n flow_v in_o the_o air_n which_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n disturb_v its_o whole_a oeconomy_n or_o frame_n other_o ascend_v by_o the_o nostril_n to_o the_o brain_n stick_v to_o its_o membrane_n and_o produce_v pain_n and_o convulsion_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o violent_a headache_n vertigo_n and_o apoplexy_n and_o there_o be_v some_o also_o which_o penetrate_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v cause_n hum_n and_o noise_n there_o which_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n because_o their_o particle_n be_v of_o a_o figure_n fit_a for_o adhesion_n the_o air_n most_o malignant_a and_o most_o to_o be_v fear_v be_v that_o which_o be_v pestilent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o atom_n which_o come_v out_o from_o putrid_a and_o corrupt_a body_n as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o the_o fluidness_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o arise_v from_o its_o not_o be_v compound_v of_o solid_a and_o material_a atom_n but_o from_o its_o be_v rare_a or_o loose_v and_o it_o be_v rare_a because_o its_o part_n be_v far_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o this_o distance_n necessary_o be_v space_n this_o space_n be_v again_o either_o full_a or_o empty_a if_o empty_a we_o have_v right_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v desseminate_a vacuity_n if_o full_a it_o must_v be_v material_a let_v there_o be_v therefore_o material_a atom_n all_o which_o mutual_o touch_v one_o another_o and_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v solid_a and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o fluid_a in_o all_o nature_n unless_o we_o acknowledge_v disperse_v vacuity_n from_o whence_o the_o rareness_n and_o fluidness_n of_o body_n arise_v as_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o discourse_v of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o physic_n the_o three_o part_n of_o physic_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v under_o a_o man_n viz._n of_o earth_n and_o thing_n terrestrial_a which_o be_v call_v inanimate_a have_v discourse_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v and_o happen_v above_o we_o it_o be_v time_n now_o that_o we_o speak_v of_o those_o thing_n also_o which_o be_v under_o or_o beneath_o we_o as_o also_o of_o all_o thing_n worth_a take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o constitute_v one_o globe_n which_o we_o call_v terrestrial_a but_o in_o this_o part_n we_o will_v consider_v terrestrial_a thing_n only_o as_o they_o be_v inanimate_a according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n chap._n i._o of_o earth_n and_o water_n
a_o new_a treatise_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n free_v from_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o school_n adorn_v with_o many_o curious_a experiment_n both_o medicinal_a and_o chemical_a as_o also_o with_o several_a observation_n useful_a for_o the_o health_n of_o the_o body_n london_n print_v by_o r._n e._n for_o j._n hindmarsh_n at_o the_o golden-ball_n over_o against_o the_o royal._n exchange_n in_o cornhill_n 1687._o license_v october_n 28._o 1686._o robert_n midgley_n index_n the_o first_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o of_o its_o essence_n and_o difference_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n iii_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n iu._n of_o second_o cause_n and_o their_o action_n chap._n v._o of_o accidental_a cause_n chap._n vi_o of_o sympathy_n antipathy_n and_o the_o effect_n depend_v thereupon_o chap._n vii_o experiment_n about_o iron_n and_o the_o loadstone_n chap._n viii_o a_o explication_n of_o many_o other_o effect_n which_o be_v common_o attribute_v to_o sympathy_n chap._n ix_o of_o portative_a remedy_n common_o call_v annulet_n of_o quicksilver_n gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n chap._n x._o of_o natural_a phoenomenas_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o antipathy_n chap._n xi_o of_o emetic_n sudorifick_v and_o specific_v chap._n xii_o of_o poison_n and_o toxick_n chap._n xiii_o of_o sublimate_n arsenic_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o poison_n and_o their_o deadly_a effect_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o antidote_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o our_o disease_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o health_n chap._n xvii_o of_o formal_a exemplary_a and_o material_a cause_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o first_o matter_n chap._n xix_o of_o atom_n and_o their_o nature_n chap._n xx._n the_o property_n magnitude_n figure_n weight_n and_o motion_n of_o atom_n chap._n xxi_o the_o difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o atom_n chap._n xxii_o of_o a_o disseminate_a congregate_v and_o separate_a vacuum_n according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la chap._n xxiii_o of_o a_o congregate_v vacuum_n against_o aristotle_n and_o cartesius_n the_o second_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o celestial_a world_n and_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o man._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o be_v without_o the_o heaven_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o heaven_n and_o their_o nature_n chap._n iii_o of_o star_n and_o their_o substance_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n of_o star_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n vi_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n examine_v chap._n vii_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o copernicus_n examine_v chap._n viii_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o sun_n the_o true_a centre_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o world._n chap._n x._o of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o change_n chap._n xi_o of_o planet_n comet_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n chap._n xii_o of_o meteor_n in_o the_o air._n chap._n xiii_o of_o wind_n tempest_n and_o whirlwind_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o thunder_n lightning_z and_o the_o thunderbolt_n chap._n xv._n of_o aurum-fulminans_a which_o imitate_v thunder_n chap._n xvi_o of_o hail_n snow_n frost_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o rainbow_n halones_n and_o parrhelis_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o air_n its_o substance_n and_o quality_n the_o three_o part_n of_o physic_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v beneath_o man_n viz._n of_o the_o earth_n and_o terrestrial_a thing_n which_o be_v call_v inanimate_a chap._n i._o of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o terrestrial_a inanimate_a body_n in_o general_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o various_a quality_n observe_v in_o compound_v body_n chap._n iu._n of_o special_a quality_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o body_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o quantity_n weight_n and_o figure_n of_o compound_v body_n chap._n vi_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o natural_a artificial_a and_o compound_v body_n chap._n vii_o of_o metal_n and_o their_o formation_n chap._n viii_o of_o gold_n the_o king_n of_o metal_n chap._n ix_o of_o silver_n copper_n and_o other_o imperfect_a metal_n chap._n x._o of_o lead_n tin_n and_o iron_n chap._n xi_o of_o quicksilver_n arbour_n diana_n or_o the_o silver_n tree_n chap._n xii_o of_o mineral_n chap._n xiii_o of_o salt_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o subterranean_a fire_n aend_v earthquake_n chap._n xv._n of_o water_n and_o their_o difference_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o sea_n its_o ebb_a and_o flow_v and_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n chap._n xvii_o of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n the_o four_o part_n of_o physic_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o man_n and_o of_o man_n himself_o as_o he_o be_v a_o compound_v physical_a and_o animate_v body_n chap._n i._o of_o life_n in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o life_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o vegetative_a life_n common_a to_o man_n and_o plant_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o nature_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o propagation_n chap._n v._o of_o nutrition_n which_o be_v common_a to_o plant_n and_o brute_n as_o well_o as_o man._n chap._n vi_o how_o and_o with_o what_o food_n a_o embryo_n be_v nourish_v in_o the_o womb_n till_o the_o time_n of_o its_o nativity_n chap._n vii_o how_o a_o man_n be_v nourish_v after_o he_o be_v born._n chap._n viii_o the_o sensitive_a life_n of_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n chap._n ix_o of_o see_v its_o organ_n and_o object_n viz._n light._n chap._n x._o how_n illustrate_v object_n be_v visible_a chap._n xi_o of_o hear_v its_o organ_n and_o object_n chap._n xii_o particular_a question_n about_o hear_v chap._n xiii_o smell_a its_o organ_n and_o object_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o taste_n and_o its_o object_n chap._n xv._n of_o feel_v chap._n xvi_o of_o speech_n the_o pulse_n and_o breathe_v of_o man._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o irregular_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o animal_n and_o in_o fever_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood._n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o inward_a sense_n and_o the_o inferior_a appetite_n chap._n xxi_o of_o sleep_n want_v of_o rest_n and_o death_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o death_n of_o brute_n plant_n and_o metal_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o rational_a soul_n and_o its_o power_n natural_a philosophy_n or_o natural_a science_n free_v from_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o school_n the_o desire_n of_o knowledge_n be_v natural_a to_o man_n curiosity_n be_v inseparable_a from_o his_o spirit_n neither_o be_v he_o ever_o at_o rest_n until_o he_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v until_o he_o become_v a_o wise_a man._n science_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n by_o their_o cause_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o man_n wise_a who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o original_a principle_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n occur_v to_o he_o and_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n in_o this_o life_n to_o attain_v to_o a_o clear_a distinct_a and_o a_o undubitable_a knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o be_v absolute_o wise_a those_o who_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v wise_a and_o excellent_a philosopher_n have_v obtain_v that_o pre-eminence_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v less_o ignorant_a than_o other_o science_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o man_n condition_n and_o profession_n the_o noble_a man_n be_v conversant_a and_o wise_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n the_o physician_n in_o the_o precept_n of_o medicine_n and_o the_o advocate_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o right_n but_o all_o these_o science_n nay_o theology_n itself_o can_v subsist_v without_o philosophy_n especial_o without_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v physic_n or_o natural_a science_n the_o first_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n by_o nature_n be_v understand_v the_o universe_n compose_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o all_o that_o be_v find_v between_o both_o this_o be_v the_o object_n of_o physic_n this_o every_o natural_a philosopher_n ought_v to_o know_v and_o because_o this_o knowledge_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o know_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o thing_n hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n ought_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o world._n i_o shall_v not_o examine_v here_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o principle_n for_o every_o principle_n after_o its_o manner_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v the_o principle_n and_o no_o man_n
that_o be_v the_o first_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o all_o body_n be_v compose_v and_o into_o which_o by_o a_o universal_a division_n they_o may_v be_v reduce_v the_o second_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o body_n make_v of_o the_o first_o and_o upon_o which_o the_o efficient_a cause_n do_v exercise_v their_o activity_n therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n but_o what_o be_v a_o compound_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o compound_v without_o matter_n it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o make_v without_o a_o efficient_a cause_n which_o act_v upon_o compound_n and_o destroy_v they_o that_o of_o they_o other_o may_v be_v make_v because_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o first_o serve_v for_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o second_o the_o matter_n which_o go_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v the_o first_o matter_n or_o material_a cause_n of_o the_o compound_v and_o that_o matter_n which_o serve_v the_o efficient_a cause_n for_o a_o subject_a and_o patient_n be_v call_v the_o second_o matter_n both_o of_o they_o may_v be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n for_o compound_n do_v act_n upon_o one_o another_o as_o the_o element_n which_o drive_v one_o another_o backward_o and_o forward_o that_o which_o drive_v another_o be_v call_v the_o agent_n as_o that_o which_o be_v drive_v be_v call_v the_o patient_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o resist_v it_o and_o drive_v back_o another_o this_o regress_n of_o the_o motion_n be_v call_v a_o reaction_n so_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v the_o subject_a and_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o that_o to_o give_v and_o receive_v be_v the_o principle_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n may_v be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o in_o divers_a respect_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o first_o matter_n all_o philosopher_n do_v unanimous_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v a_o first_o matter_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o though_o it_o can_v never_o be_v alter_v by_o any_o change_n yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n this_o do_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o matter_n do_v exist_v before_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o compound_v wherein_o it_o be_v find_v and_o that_o it_o still_o remain_v and_o survive_v the_o corruption_n of_o it_o as_o fire_n be_v make_v of_o chip_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v in_o the_o chip_n and_o it_o be_v find_v partly_o in_o the_o fire_n partly_o in_o the_o smoke_n and_o partly_o also_o in_o the_o ash_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o man_n that_o nothing_o be_v make_v out_o of_o nothing_o and_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o nature_n which_o can_v be_v reduce_v into_o nothing_o so_o that_o the_o first_o remain_v one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o revolution_n which_o do_v happen_v therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o matter_n we_o may_v just_o say_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o new_a in_o the_o world_n since_o the_o creation_n of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o matter_n in_o its_o nature_n be_v incorruptible_a so_o that_o to_o explain_v the_o essence_n of_o this_o first_o matter_n be_v all_o and_o the_o one_o only_a difficulty_n if_o we_o harken_v to_o aristotle_n he_o make_v it_o the_o subject_a of_o all_o form_n and_o that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o passive_a power_n or_o a_o mere_a capacity_n of_o produce_v and_o receive_v they_o in_o its_o bosom_n he_o say_v in_o another_o place_n that_o matter_n in_o itself_o have_v neither_o quality_n nor_o quantity_n nor_o any_o essence_n beside_o that_o which_o it_o receive_v from_o that_o form_n which_o perfect_v it_o but_o this_o explication_n give_v we_o no_o idea_n of_o matter_n neither_o do_v it_o teach_v we_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n we_o may_v say_v that_o matter_n be_v something_o and_o we_o may_v say_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v nothing_o and_o that_o it_o give_v that_o be_v to_o form_n and_o receive_v the_o same_o from_o it_o and_o last_o that_o it_o have_v distinct_a part_n without_o any_o quantity_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v impossible_a they_o be_v more_o in_o the_o right_n who_o say_v that_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o first_o element_n into_o which_o compound_v by_o a_o total_a dissolution_n be_v reduce_v also_o these_o element_n ought_v to_o be_v simple_a and_o indivisible_a for_o otherwise_o the_o first_o element_n be_v not_o such_o as_o we_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v it_o follow_v from_o this_o doctrine_n that_o neither_o water_n nor_o air_n nor_o earth_n nor_o fire_n be_v the_o first_o element_n of_o thing_n because_o they_o be_v compound_n therefore_o we_o must_v look_v out_o for_o other_o element_n which_o be_v simple_a and_o indivisible_a those_o thing_n which_o the_o chemist_n will_v fain_o establish_v that_o be_v salt_n sulphur_n and_o mercury_n can_v be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o element_n of_o body_n since_o they_o be_v but_o compound_v of_o many_o other_o body_n i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n concern_v descartes_n his_o three_o element_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v impossible_a because_o they_o be_v divisible_a therefore_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o only_o simple_a and_o indivisible_a atom_n be_v the_o first_o matter_n and_o first_o principle_n and_o element_n whereof_o body_n be_v compose_v out_o of_o these_o atom_n be_v corpuscle_n make_v out_o of_o these_o corpuscle_n small_a mass_n out_o of_o mass_n great_a part_n &_o then_o of_o these_o part_n great_a body_n whereof_o the_o universe_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n go_v backward_o in_o a_o analytical_a method_n the_o world_n be_v divide_v into_o great_a body_n those_o into_o part_n part_n into_o small_a mass_n mass_n into_o corpuscle_n and_o last_o these_o corpuscle_n be_v divide_v into_o atom_n chap._n xix_o of_o atom_n and_o their_o nature_n that_o we_o may_v solid_o evince_v the_o existency_n of_o atom_n we_o must_v suppose_v that_o every_o compound_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o part_n as_o there_o be_v which_o make_v the_o compound_n therefore_o division_n ought_v necessary_o to_o cease_v when_o there_o be_v a_o failure_n of_o part_n to_o be_v divide_v on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v no_o end_n of_o it_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v particle_n to_o be_v divide_v one_o of_o the_o two_o we_o must_v allow_v that_o be_v either_o that_o a_o body_n can_v be_v so_o exact_o divide_v but_o that_o there_o always_o remain_v divisible_a part_n in_o infinitum_fw-la or_o that_o there_o be_v part_n after_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o division_n which_o will_v not_o admit_v any_o further_a division_n aristotle_n stand_v for_o the_o former_a but_o gassendus_fw-la and_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n do_v defend_v the_o latter_a and_o according_a to_o this_o last_o doctrine_n after_o all_o the_o division_n be_v make_v nothing_o can_v remain_v beside_o atom_n that_o be_v indivisible_a being_n which_o be_v the_o first_o element_n of_o natural_a body_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v a_o corporeal_a thing_n to_o be_v indivisible_a because_o we_o see_v nothing_o in_o this_o world_n which_o be_v not_o divisible_a but_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o atom_n which_o be_v corporeal_a because_o they_o compose_v body_n and_o be_v indivisible_a because_o they_o be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a element_n of_o body_n hence_o arise_v another_o difficulty_n because_o it_o can_v be_v easy_o explain_v after_o what_o manner_n a_o thing_n that_o be_v divisible_a be_v compose_v of_o part_n which_o be_v indivisible_a impartial_a mind_n do_v not_o find_v so_o much_o difficulty_n in_o conceive_v this_o matter_n as_o those_o do_v who_o follow_v the_o prejudices_fw-la which_o they_o have_v receive_v first_o these_o man_n who_o be_v thus_o so_o prepossess_v do_v not_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o escape_v our_o sense_n and_o yet_o be_v most_o real_a second_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o that_o which_o compose_v a_o body_n be_v not_o a_o compound_n as_o we_o see_v that_o unity_n make_v number_n though_o itself_o be_v not_o a_o number_n letter_n whereof_o noun_n and_o word_n be_v frame_v yet_o be_v neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n whereof_o river_n do_v consist_v be_v not_o river_n so_o atom_n though_o they_o be_v invisible_a and_o indivisible_a yet_o they_o compose_v body_n which_o be_v visible_a and_o divisible_a aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o a_o small_a body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o millet_n seed_n be_v divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o contain_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o part_n which_o be_v suppose_v
opinion_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o true_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n be_v not_o much_o great_a than_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o because_o say_v this_o philosopher_n since_o we_o see_v they_o to_o have_v natural_a colour_n it_o follow_v then_o that_o we_o see_v they_o in_o their_o just_a magnitude_n and_o he_o add_v that_o we_o never_o see_v object_n in_o their_o true_a magnitude_n but_o when_o we_o discern_v their_o colour_n figure_n and_o circumference_n he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v this_o his_o opinion_n by_o the_o example_n of_o fire_n which_o we_o behold_v true_o as_o it_o be_v great_a or_o lesser_a according_o as_o it_o flame_v and_o after_o this_o rate_n fix_a star_n will_v not_o be_v much_o great_a than_o they_o appear_v the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o planet_n also_o because_o they_o be_v less_o remote_a from_o we_o than_o the_o fix_a star_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o dislike_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v not_o reject_v by_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o the_o shade_n paralax_n and_o eclipse_n evince_v the_o contrary_n therefore_o we_o embrace_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n and_o positive_o affirm_v that_o the_o most_o experience_a with_o the_o help_n of_o all_o their_o optic_a tube_n be_v not_o able_a to_o delineate_v the_o true_a and_o just_a magnitude_n of_o the_o planet_n much_o less_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n who_o shadow_n be_v small_a and_o they_o a_o great_a way_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n aristotle_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v or_o shun_v all_o the_o difficul_n 〈…〉_z which_o occur_v in_o great_a plenty_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n think_v he_o be_v easy_o able_a to_o explain_v it_o together_o with_o its_o swiftness_n and_o regularity_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o intelligent_a mover_n send_v by_o god_n as_o a_o adjutant_n form_n to_o move_v push_v on_o direct_v and_o order_v the_o heaven_n and_o each_o planet_n in_o all_o their_o motion_n this_o doctrine_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o once_o both_o very_a easy_a and_o very_o clear_a for_o if_o heaven_n and_o the_o planet_n have_v real_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o easy_a than_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o angel_n who_o by_o god_n command_n be_v the_o mover_n and_o direct_a of_o it_o but_o we_o shall_v soon_o agree_v upon_o the_o point_n by_o have_v recourse_n to_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o say_v that_o he_o as_o the_o first_o author_n have_v impress_v this_o motion_n upon_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o star_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o do_v continual_o conserve_v it_o as_o the_o first_o cause_n by_o his_o general_a concurrence_n without_o use_v the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n to_o perform_v it_o which_o will_v be_v no_o more_o necessary_a than_o to_o assign_v a_o help_a angel_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o animal_n and_o the_o vegitation_n of_o plant_n which_o no_o â—an_v will_v go_v about_o to_o do_v unless_o he_o delign_v to_o make_v himself_o ridiculous_a ¶_o this_o opinion_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n immovable_a and_o that_o the_o heaven_n be_v wheel_v about_o this_o centre_n upon_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o asserter_n of_o this_o opinion_n do_v affirm_v that_o the_o imperial_a heaven_n be_v fix_v and_o immovable_a of_o a_o round_a or_o square_a figure_n and_o that_o the_o firmament_n observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n and_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o it_o be_v rapid_o move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n together_o with_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o it_o violent_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o as_o to_o the_o planetary_a heaven_n they_o who_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v fluid_a do_v also_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o planet_n do_v likewise_o in_o this_o vast_a space_n move_v with_o the_o like_a liberty_n that_o fish_n do_v in_o the_o water_n or_o bird_n in_o the_o air_n except_v only_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v regular_a and_o that_o of_o fish_n and_o bird_n be_v not_o they_o who_o make_v to_o be_v as_o many_o heaven_n as_o there_o be_v planet_n or_o that_o every_o planet_n have_v its_o orb_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o either_o their_o heaven_n be_v fluid_a or_o if_o it_o be_v solid_a that_o there_o be_v passage_n and_o way_n through_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v and_o to_o explain_v these_o appearance_n they_o be_v under_o a_o necessity_n of_o feign_v certain_a circle_n which_o they_o call_v epicicle_n or_o excentrix_fw-la from_o whence_o arise_v unexplicable_a confusion_n whilst_o other_o say_v that_o these_o circle_n be_v only_o imaginary_a but_o they_o who_o affirm_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v immovable_a in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n who_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o its_o place_n a_o seven_o planet_n and_o have_v a_o motion_n round_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o firmament_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o be_v annex_v to_o it_o and_o implant_v in_o it_o and_o see_v with_o their_o orb_n to_o wheel_v round_o over_o our_o head_n to_o be_v like_o the_o sun_n equal_o immovable_a be_v force_v to_o explain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o find_v no_o little_a difficulty_n in_o explicate_v their_o appearance_n we_o will_v inquire_v into_o those_o which_o be_v chief_o build_v upon_o truth_n by_o examine_v first_o those_o two_o most_o famous_a system_n of_o the_o world_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o ptolemy_n and_o copernicus_n chap._n vi_o ptolomy_n system_n of_o the_o world_n examine_v ptolemy_n and_o aristotle_n with_o their_o follower_n affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n immovable_a encompass_v round_o with_o air_n which_o they_o think_v be_v next_o environ_v with_o fire_n and_o so_o in_o order_n there_o be_v orb_n of_o the_o moon_n mercury_n venus_n the_o sun_n mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n encompass_v one_o the_o other_o call_v the_o firmament_n then_o the_o nine_o heaven_n which_o they_o call_v the_o chrystaline_a and_o last_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n which_o by_o its_o incredible_a rapidity_n carry_v all_o the_o other_o heaven_n with_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v absurd_a because_o it_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n and_o especial_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n to_o be_v of_o a_o immense_a magnitude_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v but_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n yet_o ptolemy_n will_v have_v these_o immense_a body_n and_o vast_a machine_n to_o be_v move_v round_o this_o point_n of_o earth_n which_o seem_v little_a consonant_n to_o reason_n which_o dictate_v to_o we_o that_o little_a body_n be_v much_o more_o ready_o move_v round_o great_a than_o great_a body_n round_o less_o and_o we_o common_o say_v when_o we_o be_v roast_v meat_n that_o the_o meat_n must_v turn_v round_o to_o the_o fire_n and_o not_o the_o fire_n turn_v round_o it_o it_o be_v therefore_o more_o commodious_a and_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v only_o like_o a_o point_n or_o a_o gnat_n shall_v be_v move_v round_o the_o heaven_n than_o the_o heaven_n shall_v turn_v round_o about_o it_o most_o wise_o therefore_o have_v the_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n dispose_v thing_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o be_v conspicuous_a every_o where_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o god_n do_v not_o only_o produce_v work_n which_o be_v good_a in_o their_o substance_n but_o also_o that_o he_o have_v do_v good_a unto_o all_o that_o he_o have_v make_v that_o be_v exact_o in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n beside_o this_o general_a reason_n which_o destroy_v and_o overturn_v the_o opinion_n of_o ptolemy_n and_o aristotle_n we_o may_v take_v another_o from_o the_o incredible_a rapidity_n of_o the_o heaven_n motion_n about_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o their_o opinion_n be_v true_a in_o this_o hypothesis_n and_o according_a to_o the_o reckon_n of_o astrologer_n we_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o mile_n from_o whence_o may_v be_v compute_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o heaven_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o motion_n that_o it_o shall_v perform_v and_o complete_a its_o circle_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n whereas_o all_o people_n agree_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o earth_n complete_v forty_o mile_n in_o every_o hour_n when_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n its_o circle_n be_v but_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n we_o must_v conclude_v therefore_o that_o its_o swiftness_n be_v incomprehensible_a and_o that_o every_o one_o point_n
little_a grain_n which_o be_v call_v manna_n from_o this_o same_o matter_n sugar_n be_v make_v in_o the_o madera-island_n and_o in_o both_o the_o indies_n where_o it_o be_v find_v enclose_v in_o reed_n last_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n pearl_n be_v form_v and_o nourish_v in_o shell_n he_o that_o study_v to_o know_v the_o wonder_n of_o dew_n and_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spirit_n it_o contain_v may_v extract_v from_o thence_o admirable_a secret_n for_o health_n but_o for_o nothing_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o chap._n xiii_o of_o wind_n tempest_n and_o whirlwind_n wind_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o air_n as_o billow_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o as_o flood_n be_v upon_o land_n and_o indeed_o they_o do_v sometime_o disturb_v and_o move_v the_o air_n so_o violent_o that_o the_o best_a root_a tree_n and_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v now_o and_o then_o pull_v up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o overturn_v by_o they_o and_o yet_o wind_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n agitate_a nor_o tempest_n but_o air_n flood_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o air._n some_o philosopher_n seek_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o agitation_n of_o air_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o body_n and_o to_o illustrate_v this_o effect_n they_o bring_v a_o experiment_n of_o air_n rarefy_v and_o go_v out_o with_o great_a force_n out_o of_o a_o large_a glass_n bottle_n and_o of_o air_n condense_v in_o another_o phial_n or_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o least_o open_v be_v make_v the_o external_a air_n break_v in_o with_o great_a force_n and_o noise_n of_o both_o which_o experiment_n i_o with_o other_o have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n we_o take_v therefore_o a_o great_a round_a bottle_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n and_o then_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o double_a skin_n make_v wet_a it_o be_v place_v to_o a_o gentle_a fire_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v thorough_o hot_a and_o the_o skin_n prick_v with_o a_o needle_n the_o air_n or_o wind_n break_v out_o from_o thence_o with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o it_o blow_v out_o a_o candle_n two_o pace_n distant_a from_o it_o more_o than_o once_o the_o same_o trial_n be_v make_v with_o another_o bottle_n in_o which_o pease_n be_v put_v and_o the_o hole_n shut_v with_o the_o thumb_n which_o afterward_o be_v take_v away_o the_o air_n immediate_o with_o the_o pease_n burst_v out_o with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o they_o like_o pistol_n bullet_n enter_v into_o a_o deal-board_n a_o second_o eperiment_n be_v likewise_o make_v a_o bottle_n be_v place_v in_o a_o hot_a place_n and_o well_o stop_v with_o leather_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o cold_a place_n and_o the_o skin_n pierce_v through_o the_o external_a air_n for_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n rush_v into_o the_o bottle_n with_o so_o much_o noise_n and_o hiss_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o endanger_v the_o break_n of_o it_o i_o confess_v these_o experiment_n have_v leave_v we_o a_o idea_n of_o wind_n and_o their_o vehemency_n but_o there_o always_o remain_v this_o one_o difficulty_n to_o wit_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o principle_n of_o this_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n for_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n refrigerated_a air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o glass_n bottle_n and_o dilate_a with_o heat_n and_o then_o it_o go_v violent_o out_o of_o the_o little_a hole_n that_o be_v make_v but_o how_o can_v cold_a condense_a and_o heat_v rarify_v and_o dilate_v this_o air_n last_o what_o be_v it_o that_o press_v it_o and_o force_v it_o with_o violence_n to_o seek_v its_o exit_fw-la and_o as_o to_o the_o second_o experiment_n in_o which_o rarefy_v air_n be_v condense_v in_o the_o bottle_n how_o be_v rarify_v can_v part_v of_o the_o glass_n remain_v empty_a and_o last_o from_o what_o cause_n be_v the_o external_a air_n force_v to_o break_v in_o with_o so_o much_o precipitation_n all_o these_o thing_n i_o mention_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v that_o these_o difficulty_n do_v not_o escape_v i_o as_o to_o the_o first_o instance_n i_o say_v that_o cold_a condense_n air_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o make_v the_o vacuity_n disperse_v through_o it_o lesser_o and_o more_o close_o shut_v together_o so_o that_o there_o be_v â—uch_o more_o of_o matter_n in_o refrigerated_a air_n than_o in_o the_o same_o make_v hot_a but_o that_o this_o doctrine_n may_v be_v right_o apprehend_v we_o must_v know_v in_o what_o heat_n and_o cold_a consist_v for_o when_o cold_a condense_n the_o air_n and_o press_v it_o together_o it_o perform_v it_o by_o its_o close_a solid_a heavy_a and_o plain_a particle_n as_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o second_o heat_n rarefy_v air_n by_o a_o introduction_n of_o its_o corpuscle_n which_o be_v almost_o destitute_a of_o all_o solidity_n by_o which_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v increase_v and_o enlarge_v three_o the_o air_n rush_v forcible_o out_o of_o the_o bottle_n because_o their_o corpuscle_n be_v compel_v to_o dilate_v themselves_o which_o they_o can_v do_v nay_o from_o hence_o they_o break_v the_o glass_n bottle_n unless_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v in_o the_o skin_n it_o be_v true_a also_o that_o the_o air_n go_v out_o of_o the_o hot_a bottle_n be_v altogether_o cold_a for_o they_o be_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o cold_a which_o go_v out_o and_o the_o noise_n with_o which_o they_o break_v out_o proceed_v from_o the_o plain_a figure_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o cold_a which_o can_v pass_v through_o the_o little_a round_a hole_n without_o be_v entangle_v together_o and_o dash_v one_o against_o another_o beside_o these_o corpuscle_n be_v plain_a they_o be_v subtle_a also_o like_o little_a razer_n thus_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n we_o see_v the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o such_o as_o be_v tender_a hurt_n with_o chap_n and_o cliff_n to_o the_o second_o experiment_n i_o say_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v rarify_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n be_v afterward_o compress_v and_o condense_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a pass_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o break_v of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o look_v after_o second_o the_o cold_a enter_v in_o drive_v out_o or_o into_o the_o side_n the_o particle_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o glass_n on_o the_o part_n of_o its_o orifice_n remain_v without_o air_n and_o the_o disseminated_a vacuity_n be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o vacuum_n three_o the_o external_a air_n enter_v with_o precipitation_n because_o it_o be_v press_v against_o its_o nature_n by_o this_o great_a cold_a and_o find_v a_o place_n where_o to_o betake_v itself_o it_o possess_v it_o immediate_o we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o rarefaction_n be_v never_o make_v on_o the_o one_o side_n but_o condensation_n be_v make_v on_o the_o other_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o or_o immediate_a cause_n of_o wind_n when_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v by_o heat_n in_o subterraneous_a place_n and_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o break_v out_o with_o violence_n or_o when_o it_o be_v condense_v other_o supervene_v with_o violence_n rush_v towards_o it_o another_o cause_n of_o wind_n or_o rather_o of_o tempest_n and_o storm_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v the_o emancipate_v atom_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o and_o which_o by_o justle_a one_o another_o more_o agitate_v the_o air_n from_o divers_a part_n diverse_o opposite_a from_o whence_o come_v the_o reciprocal_a meeting_n and_o incursion_n of_o wind_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o when_o they_o happen_v near_o the_o earth_n they_o cause_v fearful_a and_o dangerous_a whirlwind_n this_o opinion_n concern_v the_o emancipation_n of_o atom_n suppose_n that_o in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o great_a body_n the_o lesser_a particle_n and_o atom_n be_v emancipate_v and_o procure_v themselves_o liberty_n so_o that_o enjoy_v their_o own_o power_n they_o run_v through_o the_o air_n and_o easy_o and_o vehement_o move_v it_o these_o emancipate_v atom_n in_o the_o great_a world_n be_v not_o only_o very_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v where_o they_o use_v great_a violence_n but_o also_o in_o the_o little_a world_n where_o they_o produce_v most_o disease_n as_o be_v horror_n fit_v of_o fever_n and_o their_o duplication_n translation_n to_o the_o brain_n dilirium_n or_o lightheadedness_a and_o frenzy_n to_o cure_v which_o sudorific_a medicine_n open_v the_o pore_n and_o drive_v out_o those_o sharp-pointed_a atom_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v commend_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o thunder_n lightning_z and_o the_o thunder-bolt_n thunder_z lightning_z and_o the_o thunder-bolt_n will_v be_v more_o stupendous_a be_v it_o not_o that_o there_o be_v something_o on_o earth_n from_o whence_o we_o learn_v the_o manner_n how_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v above_o we_o the_o first_o thing_n which_o give_v we_o light_n concern_v these_o three_o
from_o whence_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o spain_n out_o of_o it_o be_v extract_v the_o best_a and_o pure_a gold_n who_o corpuscle_n be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o crude_a and_o unprofitable_a earth_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o lapis_fw-la lazulus_fw-la or_o the_o azure-coloured_a stone_n litharge_n and_o tutty_n be_v not_o proper_o mineral_n because_o they_o be_v not_o dig_v out_o of_o mine_n for_o the_o first_o be_v only_o the_o grosser_n part_n of_o gold_n silver_n or_o lead_v but_o tutty_n be_v the_o pure_a part_n of_o copper_n the_o atom_n of_o which_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n ascend_v and_o stick_v to_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o furnace_n wherein_o copper_n be_v melt_v the_o four_o mineral_n be_v vitriol_n contain_v in_o itself_o saline_n sulphurous_a and_o mercurial_a corpuscle_n all_o of_o a_o different_a figure_n the_o spirit_n which_o be_v distil_v from_o it_o consist_v of_o atom_n so_o acute_a as_o that_o they_o cut_v thick_a humour_n and_o hinder_v vapour_n from_o ascend_v to_o the_o brain_n it_o penetrate_v likewise_o into_o imperfect_a metal_n arsenic_n be_v a_o white_a and_o crystalline_a mineral_n there_o be_v a_o yellow_a one_o also_o call_v orpiment_n and_o a_o three_o which_o be_v red_a call_v sandover_n all_o these_o three_o be_v very_o violent_a poison_n for_o the_o reason_n above_o allege_a sulphur_n also_o be_v a_o mineral_n easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v of_o a_o fiery_a nature_n it_o dissolve_v and_o melt_v iron_n just_a as_o a_o burn_a coal_n do_v wax_n there_o be_v extract_v from_o it_o a_o spirit_n a_o oil_n or_o balsam_n perform_v wonder_n in_o disease_n of_o the_o breast_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sulphur_n in_o perfect_a metal_n which_o be_v incombustible_a chap._n xiii_o of_o salt_n salt_n be_v the_o principle_n of_o savour_n because_o the_o saline_n atom_n have_v figure_n fit_a to_o affect_v and_o vellicate_a the_o organ_n of_o taste_n that_o be_v the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n sea_n or_o common_a salt_n be_v make_v out_o of_o sea-water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o evaporation_n this_o very_a same_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o who_o space_n it_o fill_v all_o which_o be_v fill_v the_o salt_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n unless_o something_o else_o be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o nitre_n or_o the_o like_a which_o the_o water_n carry_v with_o it_o over_o and_o above_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o vacuity_n of_o water_n be_v not_o all_o equal_a and_o that_o there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o which_o the_o atom_n of_o nitre_n can_v enter_v into_o but_o not_o the_o atom_n of_o common_a cubical_a salt._n common_a salt_n vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a have_v atom_n not_o only_o sharp_a or_o point_a but_o also_o like_o little_a hook_n adhere_v to_o glass_n itself_o though_o endue_v with_o few_o and_o very_o small_a pore_n and_o what_o be_v wonderful_a sea-salt_n or_o vitriol_n or_o nitre_n or_o all_o of_o they_o together_o dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o the_o water_n evaporate_v by_o degree_n the_o salt_n or_o salt_n we_o see_v ascend_v according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o very_a brim_n of_o it_o whither_o when_o it_o be_v come_v it_o descend_v on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o it_o be_v quite_o cover_v with_o salt._n from_o this_o experiment_n three_o thing_n be_v manifest_a first_o that_o there_o be_v little_a cavity_n in_o glass_n second_o that_o salt_n like_o ivy_n be_v endow_v with_o little_a hook_n and_o three_o that_o salt_n grow_v and_o creep_v up_o according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o glass_n just_a as_o the_o sap_n of_o tree_n and_o nourish_a humour_n ascend_v from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o trunk_n and_o from_o thence_o afterward_o to_o the_o high_a branch_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v elsewhere_o husbandman_n experience_v this_o to_o be_v true_a when_o they_o burn_v their_o stubble_n that_o so_o the_o rain_n fall_v upon_o the_o ash_n may_v carry_v along_o with_o they_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o afterward_o seed_n and_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v salt_n do_v also_o preserve_v body_n from_o corruption_n by_o creep_v into_o their_o pore_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n hinder_v the_o air_n from_o enter_v in_o which_o will_v divide_v and_o dissolve_v their_o part_n or_o cause_v a_o fermentation_n in_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o kind_n of_o salt_n to_o wit_n sour_a and_o sweet_a and_o acid_a and_o bitter_a and_o as_o many_o other_o as_o there_o be_v taste_n which_o arise_v only_o from_o a_o different_a disposition_n of_o their_o atom_n as_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o all_o thing_n so_o from_o they_o it_o may_v be_v extract_v and_o they_o who_o extract_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o make_n of_o nitre_n do_v afterward_o expose_v that_o earth_n to_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v impregnate_v again_o with_o salt_n either_o from_o the_o air_n or_o rain_n salt_n have_v as_o various_a motion_n as_o they_o have_v figure_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o four_o salt_n dissolve_v together_o in_o water_n for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o after_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n but_o also_o each_o of_o they_o choose_v to_o itself_o a_o proper_a place_n and_o fasten_v itself_o to_o it_o without_o mix_v at_o all_o with_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o irregularity_n of_o their_o figure_n from_o the_o salt_n of_o urine_n be_v extract_v a_o spirit_n which_o mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n compose_v a_o body_n hard_a enough_o because_o those_o spirit_n by_o fill_v each_o other_o vacuity_n be_v harden_v for_o nothing_o become_v hard_o but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o its_o vacuity_n be_v either_o fill_v or_o make_v less_o from_o tartar_n a_o salt_n be_v extract_v which_o be_v the_o salt_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o which_o calcine_v and_o dissolve_v in_o a_o cold_a place_n be_v make_v a_o oil_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o great_a boil_a arise_v and_o that_o be_v over_o a_o white_a powder_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n call_v tartar_n vitriolate_v for_o all_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o tartar_n enter_v into_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n recover_v its_o first_o state_n that_o be_v of_o a_o white_a powder_n but_o the_o strife_n betwixt_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o disagreeableness_n of_o their_o atom_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o they_o very_o much_o justle_v one_o another_o that_o salt_n which_o be_v call_v sal_fw-la polychrestum_n be_v not_o of_o less_o usefulness_n because_o it_o drive_v out_o peccant_a humour_n extreme_o well_o it_o be_v compound_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o nitre_n and_o sulphur_n d._n seignette_n add_v to_o it_o moreover_o another_o salt_n and_o indeed_o i_o must_v say_v that_o that_o have_v succeed_v better_a than_o all_o other_o and_o that_o his_o sal_fw-la polychrestum_fw-la be_v a_o very_a innocent_a and_o a_o most_o excellent_a remedy_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o subterraneous_a fire_n and_o earthquakes_a there_o be_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o there_o be_v subterraneous_a fire_n the_o mountain_n of_o hecla_n in_o island_n aetna_n in_o sicily_n and_o vesuvius_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v invincible_a argument_n of_o they_o as_o there_o be_v the_o fire_n of_o the_o star_n above_o we_o so_o there_o be_v fire_n below_o we_o call_v subterranean_a light_v beneath_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a matter_n be_v never_o want_v beneath_o the_o earth_n no_o more_o than_o coal_n or_o bituminous_a stone_n which_o easy_o take_v fire_n and_o flame_n therefore_o the_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n be_v not_o at_o all_o difficult_a for_o there_o need_v only_o one_o little_a spark_n arise_v from_o the_o strike_v together_o of_o two_o flint_n or_o from_o a_o lamp_n or_o candle_n which_o miner_n carry_v along_o with_o they_o into_o the_o pit_n that_o so_o they_o may_v the_o better_a work_n there_o the_o same_o also_o may_v happen_v by_o lightning_n or_o last_o fire_n may_v be_v kindle_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o fat_a and_o unctuous_a humidity_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wet_v hay_o and_o such_o like_a body_n heat_n and_o take_v fire_n from_o these_o subterranean_a fire_n the_o heat_n of_o mineral_n water_n arise_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o fear_n that_o these_o shall_v extinguish_v these_o fire_n for_o bitumen_n burn_v in_o water_n as_o the_o experiment_n of_o camphire_n teach_v we_o earthquake_n be_v produce_v by_o wind_n that_o be_v by_o a_o troop_n of_o emancipate_v atom_n which_o shake_v the_o earth_n place_v most_o obnoctious_a to_o these_o be_v the_o seacoast_n by_o
reason_n of_o wind_n and_o tempest_n creep_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o hole_n make_v hollow_a by_o the_o water_n but_o these_o earthquake_n arise_v when_o the_o earth_n recede_v never_o so_o little_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o gravity_n or_o be_v interrupt_v in_o its_o motion_n about_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v about_o the_o sun_n or_o else_o when_o it_o be_v drive_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o solar_a vortex_n and_o this_o be_v a_o four_o motion_n of_o it_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o near_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o straight_a and_o perpendicular_a line_n from_o whence_o sometime_o happen_v intolerable_a summer_n heat_n or_o mild_a winter_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o we_o may_v have_v experience_v chap._n xv._n of_o water_n and_o their_o difference_n there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o water_n see_v which_o i_o here_o propose_v to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o common_a elementary_a water_n who_o atom_n be_v round_o and_o vacuity_n plenty_n and_o triangular_a this_o may_v be_v rarify_v and_o condense_a as_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o fire_n enter_v into_o its_o vacuity_n either_o dilate_v they_o and_o remove_v the_o part_n of_o water_n from_o one_o another_o or_o the_o particle_n of_o cold_a compress_v they_o and_o shut_v they_o up_o by_o their_o gravity_n or_o else_o expel_v from_o thence_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n which_o have_v insinuate_v therein_o sometime_o water_n be_v so_o close_o shut_v up_o by_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v congeal_v and_o bring_v into_o cones_fw-la of_o ice_n from_o who_o lightness_n appear_v the_o quantity_n of_o air_n that_o have_v get_v into_o the_o pore_n and_o from_o its_o hardness_n be_v manifest_v that_o the_o vacuity_n of_o this_o air_n be_v very_o much_o compress_v another_o species_n of_o water_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v distil_v water_n and_o which_o by_o the_o help_n of_o alembic_n be_v extract_v out_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o simple_n which_o be_v thus_o do_v the_o particle_n of_o water_n which_o be_v in_o plant_n do_v free_a themselves_o and_o be_v drive_v upward_o in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o strike_v against_o the_o head_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v incrassated_a crush_v together_o and_o condense_v into_o little_a drop_n of_o water_n which_o fall_v down_o through_o the_o beack_v of_o the_o alembick_a after_o this_o manner_n rains_n arise_v and_o fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o vapour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o water_n rarefy_v and_o that_o in_o nature_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a circulation_n whilst_o water_n ascend_v and_o descends_z it_o ascend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n and_o make_v the_o cloud_n and_o it_o fall_v down_o again_o in_o rains_n and_o dew_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o water_n be_v call_v aquafortis_n extract_v out_o of_o mettalline_a salt_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v not_o water_n but_o spirit_n that_o be_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o most_o acute_a particle_n that_o be_v in_o the_o salt_n and_o by_o force_n be_v free_v from_o they_o and_o which_o forsake_v their_o terrestrial_a part_n carry_v only_o the_o watery_a part_n along_o with_o they_o with_o which_o they_o compose_v a_o sensible_a and_o fluid_a body_n this_o water_n dissolve_v metal_n and_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o corrosive_a liquor_n so_o we_o may_v see_v what_o saline_n corpuscle_n be_v able_a to_o do_v when_o they_o be_v free_v from_o their_o earthy_a part_n nor_o shall_v we_o any_o more_o wonder_n at_o the_o effect_n which_o proceed_v from_o serosity_n and_o salt_n phlegm_n in_o humane_a body_n we_o may_v from_o hence_o also_o learn_v from_o whence_o the_o intolerable_a pain_n of_o the_o gout_n gripe_v and_o the_o colic_n do_v arise_v for_o these_o be_v corrosive_a spirit_n free_v from_o their_o earthy_a part_n which_o become_v so_o sharp_a and_o penetrate_a that_o they_o pierce_v through_o the_o part_n on_o which_o they_o fall_v pull_v and_o tear_v they_o asunder_o the_o follow_a species_n of_o water_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v aquavitae_a which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o more_o subtle_a corpuscle_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v of_o a_o fiery_a and_o sulphurous_a nature_n and_o do_v very_o easy_o burn_v and_o take_v fire_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fermentation_n a_o aquavitae_a be_v extract_v out_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n pulse_n and_o plant_n it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n true_o that_o we_o see_v a_o linen_n cloth_n dip_v in_o aquavitae_a and_o set_v on_o fire_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o burn_v nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o scorch_a which_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o in_o aquavitae_a there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o salt_n who_o corpuscle_n stick_v to_o the_o linen_n defend_v it_o from_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o flame_n which_o apply_v itself_o to_o the_o sulphur_n only_o not_o be_v able_a to_o touch_v the_o salt_n or_o the_o subject_a to_o which_o it_o adhere_v under_o the_o five_o species_n of_o water_n be_v comprehend_v mineral_n water_n so_o call_v because_o they_o contain_v in_o they_o a_o great_a many_o mineral_n spirit_n as_o various_a as_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v and_o as_o various_a as_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o passage_n among_o they_o some_o be_v hot_a and_o boil_a because_o they_o run_v through_o place_n in_o which_o sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n be_v heat_v of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o in_o france_n but_o the_o most_o natural_a and_o sweet_a of_o they_o be_v the_o water_n of_o bourbon_n which_o conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o breast_n and_o stomach_n and_o to_o the_o whole_a body_n by_o open_v their_o pore_n and_o vent_n take_v away_o by_o transpiration_n headache_n rheumatism_n and_o palsy_n and_o they_o may_v deserve_o be_v call_v a_o universal_a medicine_n because_o beside_o the_o virtue_n above_o describe_v they_o possess_v wonderful_a one_o also_o in_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o cure_v fit_n of_o the_o mother_n unless_o that_o they_o too_o much_o irritate_fw-la ulcer_n and_o inward_a apostem_n as_o also_o they_o discover_v they_o if_o they_o lie_v hide_v i_o have_v chemical_o extract_v out_o of_o these_o water_n a_o salt_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n and_o altogether_o like_a to_o sal_fw-la polychrestum_fw-la and_o i_o can_v affirm_v that_o nitre_n also_o and_o sulphur_n be_v contain_v in_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n their_o sharp_a particle_n enrage_v inward_a ulcer_n and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n sharp-pointed_a dock-leaves_a being_n ca_fw-mi 〈…〉_z into_o the_o well_n of_o bourbon_n the_o salt_n hinder_v they_o from_o wither_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o aquavitae_a keep_v the_o light_a handkerchief_n without_o be_v hurt_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o there_o be_v also_o other_o hot_a water_n which_o instead_o of_o nitre_n be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n whereupon_o they_o purge_v by_o stool_n much_o more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o safe_a of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n but_o all_o the_o bourbon_n water_n be_v alike_o except_o the_o water_n of_o ionas_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o best_a moreover_o the_o water_n of_o bourbon-lancius_a in_o bâ—â—gundy_n be_v the_o hot_a and_o have_v some_o part_n of_o nitre_n and_o sulphur_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o bittumen_n wherefore_o they_o serve_v for_o bathe_v indeed_o but_o not_o at_o all_o for_o drink_v because_o they_o purge_v only_o by_o transpiration_n and_o plentiful_a sweat_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a many_o cold_a mineral_n water_n in_o france_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o of_o passy_n les_fw-fr paris_n which_o beside_o that_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o spurge_n by_o stool_n and_o urine_n they_o have_v this_o peculiar_a quality_n that_o they_o cure_v ague_n and_o cool_v in_o burn_a fever_n they_o open_v inward_a and_o inveterate_a apostem_n they_o open_v obstruction_n of_o the_o liver_n spleen_n and_o bowel_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o spirit_n or_o corpuscle_n of_o iron_n which_o they_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o out_o of_o the_o mine_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v some_o of_o these_o be_v strong_a some_o sweet_a and_o last_o some_o decay_a chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o sea_n its_o ebb_a and_o flow_v as_o also_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea-water_n the_o sea_n go_v about_o the_o earth_n like_o a_o circle_n or_o girdle_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v like_o a_o island_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o but_o if_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n cavity_n have_v not_o be_v dig_v in_o it_o in_o which_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v place_v it_o will_v overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o thing_n in_o the_o