ratraâ—…_n or_o bertramus_n treatise_n about_o predestination_n about_o these_o famous_a question_n compose_v a_o treatise_n of_o predestination_n divide_v into_o two_o book_n the_o first_o contain_v a_o collection_n of_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o father_n that_o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o this_o world_n be_v do_v by_o order_n and_o direction_n of_o god_n providence_n that_o although_o he_o be_v not_o indeed_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o sin_n of_o wicked_a man_n yet_o they_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o order_n of_o providence_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o will._n that_o god_n have_v foresee_v from_o all_o eternity_n what_o shall_v befall_v the_o good_a and_o evil_a the_o elect_a and_o reprobate_n that_o the_o predestination_n of_o the_o saint_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o mercy_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o elect_n can_v neither_o be_v increase_v nor_o diminish_v nor_o alter_v that_o all_o the_o holy_a thought_n and_o good_a action_n of_o the_o saint_n by_o which_o they_o acquire_v themselves_o happiness_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o mere_a grace_n of_o god_n that_o our_o freewill_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o do_v any_o good_a unless_o it_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n which_o help_v we_o to_o do_v good_a that_o this_o grace_n operate_v in_o we_o to_o will_v and_o to_o do_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o begin_n of_o faith_n and_o prayer_n in_o the_o second_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o predestination_n of_o sinner_n and_o speak_v by_o the_o by_o of_o the_o predestination_n of_o the_o elect._n he_o show_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o st._n austin_n fulgentius_n and_o other_o father_n that_o god_n have_v not_o predestine_v sinner_n to_o sin_n but_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o their_o sin_n and_o eternal_a torment_n he_o reject_v the_o distinction_n of_o those_o who_o say_v that_o eternal_a punishment_n be_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v for_o sinner_n but_o they_o be_v not_o predestine_v to_o it_o he_o maintain_v that_o this_o predestination_n do_v not_o impose_v a_o necessity_n of_o sin_v upon_o any_o man_n though_o those_o that_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o mere_a mercy_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v infallible_o save_v and_o those_o who_o god_n leave_v in_o the_o mass_n of_o perdition_n shall_v be_v infallible_o damn_v for_o their_o sin_n which_o they_o voluntary_o commit_v he_o add_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o attribute_v all_o the_o good_a we_o do_v to_o god_n and_o all_o the_o evil_n we_o do_v to_o ourselves_o because_o god_n never_o incline_v we_o to_o evil_a but_o only_o leave_v we_o to_o the_o motion_n of_o our_o wi_n at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o book_n retramnus_n pray_v the_o emperor_n not_o to_o publish_v they_o before_o these_o question_n be_v full_o examine_v and_o clear_v that_o they_o may_v know_v which_o opinion_n to_o follow_v he_o add_v that_o if_o this_o book_n displease_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o will_v correct_v it_o or_o show_v he_o what_o correction_n he_o will_v have_v make_v in_o they_o this_o treatise_n be_v publish_v by_o mauginus_n in_o collect._n script_n tom._n 1._o p._n 29._o and_o in_o biblioth_n patr._n tom._n 15._o p._n 442._o the_o emperor_n give_v these_o two_o book_n of_o lupus_n and_o retramnus_n to_o hincmarus_n and_o pardulus_n to_o examine_v predestination_n scotus_n book_n about_o predestination_n they_o who_o oppose_v they_o to_o amalarius_n a_o deacon_n of_o treves_n and_o johannes_n erigina_n scotus_n who_o they_o have_v order_v to_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_n we_o have_v not_o the_o work_n of_o amalarius_n but_o only_o that_o of_o joannes_n scotus_n which_o according_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o that_o author_n be_v full_a of_o scholastic_a subtlety_n and_o distinction_n he_o begin_v with_o this_o position_n that_o every_o question_n may_v be_v resolve_v by_o four_o general_a rule_n of_o philosophy_n viz._n division_n definition_n demonstration_n and_o analysis_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o work_n be_v not_o less_o logical_a for_o although_o he_o cite_v several_a passage_n of_o s._n austin_n yet_o he_o chief_o prove_v his_o assertion_n by_o scholastical_a reason_n and_o argument_n he_o reject_v the_o double_a predestination_n and_o prove_v that_o predestination_n do_v not_o impose_v any_o necessity_n he_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v absolute_o free_a after_o the_o sin_n of_o adam_n and_o that_o although_o he_o can_v do_v good_a without_o the_o grace_n of_o jesus_n christ_n yet_o he_o do_v it_o without_o be_v constrain_v to_o it_o or_o force_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n by_o his_o own_o free_a choice_n he_o add_v that_o sin_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o the_o punishment_n with_o which_o it_o be_v reward_v be_v mere_a privation_n be_v neither_o foresee_a noâ—_n predestine_v by_o god_n that_o predestination_n have_v no_o place_n but_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v preorder_v in_o order_n to_o eternal_a happiness_n and_o suppose_v that_o this_o predestination_n arise_v from_o the_o foresight_n of_o the_o good_a use_n of_o our_o freewill_n to_o prove_v what_o he_o have_v assert_v that_o eternal_a punishment_n be_v mere_a privation_n he_o affirm_v that_o the_o torment_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v nothing_o but_o privation_n of_o happiness_n or_o the_o trouble_n of_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o so_o that_o according_a to_o he_o material_a fire_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o damned'_n torment_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o fire_n prepare_v for_o they_o but_o the_o four_o element_n through_o which_o the_o body_n of_o all_o man_n must_v pass_v but_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o elect_n be_v change_v into_o a_o aetherical_a nature_n and_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o fire_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o body_n of_o the_o wicked_a be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o suffer_v torment_n by_o the_o fire_n because_o of_o their_o contrary_a quality_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o daemon_n who_o have_v a_o body_n of_o a_o aetherial_a nature_n be_v mass_v with_o a_o body_n of_o air_n that_o they_o may_v feel_v the_o fire_n thus_o do_v philosophy_n lead_v this_o author_n to_o many_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a notion_n and_o opinion_n this_o piece_n be_v put_v out_o by_o maugius_n in_o his_o vind._n praedest_fw-la &_o gratiae_n tom._n 1._o p._n 103._o wemlo_n or_o ganelo_n archbishop_n of_o sens_n have_v read_v this_o work_n gather_v out_o of_o it_o several_a proposition_n scotus_n prudentius_n woâ—â—_n against_o scotus_n which_o he_o put_v under_o 19_o head_n according_a to_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o scotus_n work_n and_o send_v they_o to_o prudentius_n bishop_n of_o troy_n who_o have_v read_v they_o find_v as_o he_o think_v not_o only_o the_o error_n of_o pelagius_n in_o they_o but_o also_o the_o impiety_n of_o the_o collyridians_n whereupon_o he_o compose_v a_o book_n to_o confute_v he_o in_o the_o preface_n of_o which_o he_o accuse_v john_n scotus_n of_o follow_v of_o pelagius_n caelestius_n and_o julian_n to_o resist_v the_o grace_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n to_o deny_v original_a sin_n and_o many_o other_o blasphemous_a doctrine_n yet_o john_n scotus_n do_v not_o deny_v original_a sin_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o necessity_n of_o grace_n in_o his_o work_n but_o prudentius_n think_v he_o find_v such_o principle_n in_o it_o as_o seem_v to_o abet_v the_o doctrine_n of_o pelagius_n prudentius_n answer_v john_n scotus_n book_n chapter_n by_o chapter_n and_o oppose_v the_o judgement_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n to_o his_o false_a reason_n the_o 19_o head_n gather_v out_o of_o scotus_n book_n be_v print_v in_o bishop_n usher_n history_n of_o gotteschalcus_n cap._n 19_o after_o he_o have_v reject_v his_o method_n of_o decide_v all_o thing_n by_o the_o four_o rule_n of_o logic_n and_o show_v that_o question_n of_o divinity_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v handle_v he_o confute_v scotus_n opinion_n of_o predestination_n freewill_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a and_o prove_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n he_o distinguish_v predestination_n from_o prescience_n and_o show_v that_o prescience_n extend_v to_o sin_n but_o not_o predestination_n he_o distinguish_v predestination_n into_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o by_o which_o god_n have_v free_o predestine_v the_o elect_a to_o grace_n and_o glory_n the_o other_o by_o which_o he_o have_v destine_v the_o wicked_a who_o sin_n he_o fore-sees_a to_o eternal_a damnation_n he_o prove_v that_o man_n since_o the_o fall_n have_v not_o a_o full_a liberty_n and_o power_n to_o do_v good_a and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v it_o not_o only_o without_o the_o grace_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o that_o his_o grace_n excite_v impel_v and_o enable_v he_o to_o do_v it_o he_o maintain_v that_o no_o man_n affirm_v that_o grace_n whole_o destroy_v freewill_n or_o that_o predestination_n impose_v any_o necessity_n upon_o
chaste_a that_o this_o be_v to_o do_v like_o the_o pharisee_n who_o make_v every_o thing_n appear_v clean_o without_o while_o they_o be_v full_a of_o impurity_n within_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v virgin_n both_o in_o body_n and_o spirit_n and_o that_o we_o must_v watch_v and_o labour_v incessant_o lest_o idleness_n and_o negligence_n give_v a_o open_a entrance_n to_o other_o sin_n after_o this_o discourse_n all_o of_o they_o sing_v their_o prayer_n and_o several_a time_n repeat_v i_o preserve_v myself_o chaste_a for_o thou_o o_o my_o divine_a spouse_n and_o desire_v to_o walk_v before_o thou_o with_o a_o burn_a lamp_n at_o last_o gregoriam_fw-la and_o methodius_n surname_v eubulus_n who_o entertain_v themselves_o with_o the_o discourse_n of_o these_o virgin_n discuss_v this_o question_n viz._n who_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a virgin_n either_o those_o that_o feel_v no_o motion_n of_o desire_n or_o those_o that_o feel_v they_o and_o though_o they_o be_v assault_v and_o torment_v by_o they_o yet_o heroical_o resist_v and_o extinguish_v they_o gregorium_fw-la give_v the_o preference_n to_o the_o first_o but_o methodius_n show_v she_o by_o the_o example_n of_o mariner_n physician_n and_o wrestler_n that_o those_o virgin_n who_o preserve_v themselves_o chaste_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o those_o violent_a agitation_n and_o tempest_n that_o be_v excite_v by_o their_o passion_n who_o have_v the_o art_n to_o cure_v the_o various_a disease_n of_o concupiscence_n and_o can_v only_o resist_v but_o also_o defeat_v the_o disorderly_a motion_n of_o the_o flesh_n deserve_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o those_o that_o have_v no_o appetite_n and_o inclination_n to_o struggle_v with_o this_o dialogue_n be_v full_a of_o allegory_n and_o citation_n out_o of_o scripture_n explain_v in_o a_o mystical_a sense_n and_o the_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v exceed_a orthodox_n he_o do_v not_o condemn_v or_o speak_v dishonourable_o of_o marriage_n even_o when_o he_o be_v set_v out_o virginity_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n a_o moderation_n seldom_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_n photius_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o book_n have_v be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o heretic_n and_o that_o there_o be_v some_o expression_n in_o it_o which_o the_o arian_n use_n and_o indeed_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o seven_o discourse_n that_o the_o son_n who_o be_v above_o all_o creature_n make_v use_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n who_o alone_o be_v great_a than_o he_o but_o if_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o single_a expression_n we_o must_v immediate_o cry_v out_o that_o this_o dialogue_n have_v be_v abuse_v by_o the_o arian_n we_o must_v likewise_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o gospel_n of_o st._n john_n and_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n in_o give_v a_o good_a sense_n to_o this_o expression_n in_o methodius_n than_o in_o the_o gospel_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o since_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o indeed_o as_o often_o as_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o word_n in_o this_o dialogue_n he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v before_o all_o age_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n which_o be_v the_o eight_o explain_v these_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n thou_o be_v my_o son_n this_o day_n have_v i_o beget_v thou_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v cry_v he_o that_o he_o say_v thou_o be_v my_o son_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v it_o know_v that_o he_o have_v from_o all_o time_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o son_n that_o he_o will_v never_o cease_v to_o have_v it_o and_o that_o he_o who_o be_v beget_v be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o follow_a passage_n this_o day_n have_v i_o beget_v thou_o it_o be_v to_o show_v that_o he_o who_o be_v before_o all_o age_n in_o heaven_n be_v bear_v in_o time_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o world_n a_o little_a after_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o heretic_n who_o have_v err_v concern_v the_o trinity_n some_o of_o they_o say_v he_o as_o sabellius_n have_v err_v concern_v the_o person_n of_o the_o father_n who_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v the_o almighty_a that_o suffer_v other_o concern_v the_o son_n as_o artemas_n and_o some_o other_o that_o affirm_v he_o be_v only_o a_o man_n in_o outward_a appearance_n other_o concern_v the_o holy_a ghost_n as_o the_o ebionite_n who_o pretend_v that_o the_o prophet_n speak_v of_o themselves_o for_o i_o will_v not_o speak_v of_o marchion_n valentinus_n and_o helcesaites_n these_o word_n demonstrate_v that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o defend_v methodius_n from_o the_o imputation_n of_o any_o error_n concern_v the_o trinity_n i_o can_v spend_v any_o more_o time_n to_o observe_v that_o he_o teach_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o millenaries_n in_o this_o treatise_n or_o to_o give_v a_o exact_a relation_n of_o his_o doctrine_n which_o may_v be_v learn_v out_o of_o the_o abridgement_n we_o have_v make_v of_o his_o banquet_n of_o the_o virgin_n the_o treatise_n of_o the_o resurrection_n be_v write_v against_o origen_n opinion_n who_o believe_v that_o man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v raise_v up_o again_o from_o the_o dead_a in_o the_o flesh._n this_o book_n also_o be_v compose_v in_o form_n of_o a_o dialogue_n between_o aglaophon_n who_o maintain_v origen_n assertion_n and_o proclus_n and_o methodius_n or_o eubulus_n who_o dispute_n against_o he_o st._n epiphanius_n have_v cite_v a_o large_a fragment_n of_o it_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o heresy_n of_o origen_n and_o father_n cambesis_n have_v add_v some_o other_o fragment_n to_o it_o take_v out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n of_o sermondus_fw-la he_o first_o of_o all_o prove_v under_o the_o person_n of_o procius_n thâ—t_a man_n be_v create_v immortal_a that_o death_n be_v occasion_v by_o his_o sin_n of_o which_o it_o be_v the_o punishment_n that_o sin_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o devil_n and_o that_o the_o devil_n himself_o who_o be_v create_v in_o righteousness_n like_a to_o the_o other_o angel_n fall_v through_o the_o sin_n of_o envy_n and_o a_o inordinate_a passion_n he_o have_v for_o woman_n that_o our_o first_o parent_n have_v a_o real_a body_n and_o real_a flesh_n before_o their_o transgression_n that_o the_o figleaf_n wherewith_o they_o cover_v themselves_o denote_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o man_n sin_n shall_v be_v entire_o root_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n for_o though_o man_n sin_n be_v blot_v out_o by_o baptism_n yet_o nevertheless_o there_o remain_v a_o root_n still_o that_o shoot_v up_o young_a branch_n in_o this_o life_n so_o that_o all_o we_o can_v do_v to_o hinder_v these_o branch_n from_o spread_a be_v to_o root_v they_o up_o and_o prune_v they_o often_o with_o the_o pruning-knife_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o man_n be_v like_o a_o cast_a statue_n which_o have_v be_v disfigure_v by_o some_o accident_n the_o workman_n that_o make_v it_o cast_v it_o anew_o before_o he_o erect_v it_o again_o that_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n god_n almighty_a who_o make_v man_n be_v willing_a that_o his_o work_n which_o be_v disfigure_v by_o sin_n shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o death_n that_o so_o he_o may_v re-establish_a he_o by_o the_o resurrection_n that_o it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o imagine_v a_o resurrection_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o the_o soul_n do_v not_o die_v that_o air_n earth_n heaven_n and_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o be_v destroy_v at_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v only_o be_v purge_v and_o renew_v by_o the_o fire_n of_o heaven_n that_o man_n shall_v not_o change_v their_o nature_n at_o the_o resurrection_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v transform_v into_o angel_n but_o that_o they_o still_o have_v body_n and_o flesh_n though_o immortal_a and_o incorruptible_a all_o this_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o word_n of_o proclus_n st._n epiphanius_n afterward_o cite_v those_o of_o methodius_n who_o continue_v to_o refute_v origen_n error_n about_o the_o resurrection_n and_o who_o likewise_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v in_o the_o same_o place_n against_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o body_n can_v pass_v the_o chain_n and_o prison_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o the_o paradise_n where_o adam_n live_v be_v upon_o earth_n that_o man_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o soul_n alone_o as_o plato_n believe_v but_o that_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v the_o two_o part_n of_o he_o that_o it_o be_v fabulous_a to_o say_v that_o soul_n be_v throw_v headlong_o down_o from_o heaven_n in_o their_o body_n or_o that_o they_o pass_v through_o vertices_fw-la of_o elementary_a fire_n and_o through_o the_o water_n of_o the_o firmament_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o at_o last_o he_o make_v several_a curious_a useful_a remark_n upon_o the_o scriptural_a notion_n of_o flesh_n and_o of_o the_o sin_n that_o dwell_v in_o our_o body_n explain_v at_o the_o
narration_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o prophecy_n because_o that_o as_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o prophecy_n the_o first_o of_o write_n the_o second_o of_o action_n and_o the_o three_o of_o both_o so_o likewise_o there_o be_v three_o part_n of_o each_o prophecy_n that_o the_o first_o respect_v the_o present_a the_o second_o what_o be_v to_o come_v and_o the_o three_o what_o be_v past_a man_n prophesy_v upon_o the_o present_a when_o they_o discover_v what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v keep_v from_o they_o as_o elisha_n do_v who_o know_v gehazis_n wickedness_n man_n prophesy_v upon_o the_o future_a when_o what_o be_v to_o come_v be_v foretell_v and_o there_o be_v also_o prophecy_n of_o what_o be_v past_a when_o by_o divine_a inspiration_n thing_n already_o pass_v be_v write_v whereof_o no_o knowledge_n be_v have_v otherwise_o in_o this_o sense_n severianus_n say_v that_o moses_n be_v a_o prophet_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o world_n creation_n he_o observe_v further_a that_o 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troarn_v the_o bishop_n of_o liege_n of_o the_o same_o name_n his_o treatise_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a and_o better_o pen_v than_o the_o former_a he_o therein_o cite_v a_o great_a many_o passage_n of_o the_o father_n against_o the_o error_n of_o berenger_n and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n thereof_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o condemnation_n of_o berenger_n at_o brionne_n at_o paris_n and_o at_o verceil_n this_o author_n live_v till_o the_o year_n 1088._o but_o no_o body_n know_v at_o what_o time_n he_o write_v this_o treatise_n guitmond_n archbishop_n of_o averse_a some_o time_n after_o berenger_n recantation_n in_o the_o council_n of_o rome_n guitmond_n archbishop_n of_o averse_a guitmond_n arch_a bishop_n of_o averse_a averse_a former_o a_o monk_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n leufroy_n in_o normandy_n compose_v three_o book_n against_o berenger_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o dialogue_n wherein_o roger_n to_o who_o these_o book_n be_v dedicate_v be_v make_v 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it_o do_v not_o appear_v alter_v unless_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o infidelity_n and_o negligence_n of_o man_n that_o it_o can_v be_v gnaw_v by_o mouse_n and_o other_o vermin_n and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v only_a to_o punish_v the_o negligence_n or_o to_o try_v the_o faith_n of_o men._n nor_o will_v he_o admit_v that_o the_o fire_n can_v consume_v these_o mystery_n and_o he_o say_v that_o with_o veneration_n they_o commit_v it_o to_o this_o most_o pure_a element_n to_o be_v carry_v up_o into_o heaven_n last_o he_o affirm_v that_o though_o the_o eucharist_n may_v serve_v for_o nourishment_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o excrement_n and_o as_o to_o that_o objection_n which_o may_v be_v make_v that_o suppose_v a_o man_n shall_v eat_v nothing_o for_o some_o considerable_a time_n but_o consecrate_a bread_n he_o will_v nevertheless_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v to_o stool_n he_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o have_v 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