Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	air_n	body_n	element_n	4,001	5	9.7677	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57242	The experienced farrier, or, Farring compleated In two books physical and chyrurgical. Bringing pleasure to the gentleman, and profit to the countrey-man. ... For here is contained every thing that belongs to a true horse-man, groom, farrier or horse-leach, viz. breeding; the manner how, the season when, ... and what are fit for generation; the feeder, rider, keeper, ambler and buyer; as also the making of several precious drinks, suppositories, balls, purgations, ... and directions how to use them for all inward and outward diseases. Also the paring and shooing of all manner of hoofes, ... The prices and vertues of most of the principal drugs, both simple and compound belonging to farring, ... also a large table of the virtues of most simples set down alphabetically, and many hundreds of simples placed one after another, for the cure of all ... diseases, ... with many new receipts of excellent use and value; never yet printed before in any author. By E.R. Gent.	E. R., Gent.	1681 (1681)	Wing R13A; ESTC R220639	427,228	473

and Wind and great ones either in the Wind or Sun or by the Fire Lay them in a dry place towards the South and they will keep long provided that neither Sun nor Moisture do injure them Herbs Gather all manner of Herbs when they do most ●lourish and dry them in the Shade except they be very moist and apt to putrifie they last for the most part a whole year sixteenth Dec●mb the fourteenth and twenty sixth And these days we hold to be the very best unless dangerous and sudden Sickness do cause us to alter the same for in Cases of Necessity no days are to be regarded or observed More Observations of Blood-letting you may finde hereafter Of the four Humors Blood Choler Phlegm and Melancholy Four Humors also there are which be as it were four Children to the four Elements already spoken of And these are Blood Phlegm Choler and Melancholy without which a natural Body cannot be made for Blood naturally if it be perfect is hot and moist but taketh most from Heat and therefore is subordinate to Air Phlegm is cold and moist but the Principality thereof is Coldness and therefore hath reference to Water Choler is hot and dry but his chiefest Nature is Heat and therefore is Governed by the Element of Fire Melancholy is cold and dry but his chiefest condition is Driness and therefore subjects it self to the Element of Earth Now the Fountain of Blood is the Liver which dispersing it self by the help of the Veins into all the parts of the Body nourisheth and preserveth the same Phlegm preoccupateth the Brain being a cold and spungy substance and the Seat of the sensible Soul Choler inhabiteth the Liver which being hot and dry maketh a pleasing Harmony with the Blood Melancholy resideth in the Spleen which is the Receptacle and discharge of the Excrements of the Liver from whence we may Collect that it hath its proper use and end As for demonstration Blood principally nourisheth the Body Phlegm occasioneth Motion of the Joynts and Members Choler exciteth and provoketh the Belly to avoid its Excrements And lastly Melancholy disposeth the Body to an Appetite Whereupon all the Learned Philosophers do with one unanimous Assent agree in this That in every Natural Body there are four Principal Instrumental Members from which all the Parts of an Organi●al Body are said to be Framed and these are the Brain the Heart the Liver and the Stones or Gignitors and each one of these do Perform its true Function to all the particular Members of the Body for the Sinews do receive their Sustentation from the Brain and these are called Animal spirits the Art●ries from the Heart which are Vital spirits the Veins from the Liver which are Natural Parts and the Seed-Vessels from the Stones or Gignitors as the Place of Generation Of a Horses Complexion which is the most necessary Faces that a Farrier can judge of his Infirmities To speak of the Complexions of a Horse in a particular manner which is one of the most necessary Faces that a Farrier can behold both for the judging of Horses Infirmities and also for the true Compounding of his Medicines for every disease And therefore by the Colour of the Horse you are to judge his Complexion For look which of the Elements is most Predominate in him from that Element you may draw his Complexion as thus If he participate more of the Fire then of any of the other Elements then we hold him to be a Cholerick Horse and his Colour is either a bright Sorrel a Coal black without any white or an Iron Grey unchangeable that is such a Crey as neither will ever turn a Daple-Grey a White or a Flea-bitten and these Horses are of Nature light hot fiery and seldom of any great strength These Horses are most subject to Pestilent Feavers Yellows and Inflammation of the Liver Therefore every Farrier should be careful in his Composing of any Medicine for such a Horse to purge Choler yet very moderately and not with any extraordinary strength in the Potion or Drench because the Horse being in his best strength not reputed strong should you apply any violent thing to him that little strength being abated there were great danger in confounding the whole Body If the Horse participate more of the Air then of the other Elements then is he of a Sanguine Complexion and his Colour is either a bright Bay or a dark Bay which hath neither scouling Countenance Myly Mouth no● white Flank Or a white Flea bitten White Lyard like Silver or black with a white Star white rash or white Foot These Horses are of Nature pleasant nimble free and of good strength The Disease to them most incident is Consumption of the Liver Leprosie Glanders or any disease that is infectious They are of a good strong Constitution and may endure strength in their Medicines especially any thing that cooleth the Blood If the Horse participate more of the Water then of the other Elements then is he of a Phlegmatick Complexion and his Colour is either Milk white a yellow dun Kite glewed or a Pyde-ball in whom there is an equal Mixture of Colours Otherwise if the Bay the Black or the Dun exceed the White he is said to be of that Complexion of which the Colour is greatest These Horses are of Nature slow and apt to lose Flesh The Diseases which are most incident unto them are Colds Head-ach Rheums Staggers and such like They are able to endure the reasonable strength of any Medicine because of the abundance of Phlegm which is in them sufficeth both Nature and the Potion to work upon All cold Simples are to them exceeding hurtful so are also they which are violently hot in the third degree The first because it bindeth too soon The latter because it disperses too suddenly therefore Simples of a moderate Mean are best If the Horse participate of the Earth more then of the other Elements then is he of a Melancholy Complexion And his Colour is a Mouse-dun Russet Chesnut Ashie Grey dark Bay having long white Hai● like Goats Hair growing on his Legs These Horses are of Nature heavy and faint-hearted The Diseases to them most incident are Inflammations in the Spleen Frenzie Dropsey and such like They are commonly of better strength then they appear by their Actions and are able to endure the strength of any reasonable Medicine All cicatrizing and dry Simples are hurtful unto them the cold and moist are the most profitable Having thus shewed you these four Complexions Cholerick Sanguine Phlegmatick and Melancholy together with their qualities and strengths You shall understand now that amongst Farriers there is another Complexion or fifth Constitution which is called the Composition or Mixture of Complexions that is when a Horse doth participate of all the four Elements equally and in due proportion and this is the best Complexion and the Horse that is of this Complexion is ever one of these Colours that is

which may be any ways noxious to the inward part of the Body And it also preventeth sudden Sickness if you do suspect it Fifthly the opening of the two Plate or Breast-Veins do help the Anticor Sickness of the Heart Morfoundring which is the Foundring in the Body by over-riding whereby the Grease of the Horse is molten it also preventeth Diseases in the Liver Lungs and inward parts grieved and sometimes Hurts in the Shoulder which causeth Lameness before Sixthly we use to touch the two Thigh-Veins before which helpeth Foundring in the fore-Feet Mallenders Splent Screw Ring-bone and such like infirmities in the fore-Foot and such other higher Parts Seventhly we use to take Blood from the four Shackle-Veins before and this is very good for the Crow-scab Ring-bone and such like Diseases Eighthly we use to strike the two Spur-Veins which Cureth the Farcin in the Sides Morfoundring swelling under the Belly which is a Disease called the Feltrick and the like Ninthly we prick the two Toe-Veins which do help Frettizing Foundering Hoof-bound beating of the Horses Feet by Riding upon hard and stony ways and the like Tenthly we open the two Thigh-Veins behind and this doth help the Grief of the Kidneys swelling in the Hinder-Legs Foundring Sellenders Scratches Kybes c. And it also helpeth Diseases in and about the Belly as Pissing of blood Pissing oft after great and extraordinary hard labour and the weakness of the Reins the Back Belly Guts or any other of the inward Parts the Curb Spaven and such Diseases which come of Rankness of Blood Eleventhly we sometimes do open the four Shackle-Veins behind and this is very good against Founderings and other pains in and about the Feet Twelfthly we let Blood in the two Flank or Hanch-Veins and this is most probable for all kind of Feavers the Stones Poverty and the Felter-worm Thirteenthly we draw Blood from the two Tail-Veins which Cureth the Mange in the Tail falling of the Hair or Itch in the Tail And these are for the most part all the Veins that are usually opened So that the full sum or number of Veins which Farriers commonly open are thirty Other Veins there are which are of a smaller proportion and therefore not fit to be opened I will not say that these Veins so opened doth Cure the Diseases absolutely but it doth sometimes asswage the Malignancy of the Malady sometimes it preventeth Diseases and sometimes again it prepareth the Body the better to receive such Physical Drinks which do inwardly Cure them and such Salves Oyls Unguents which do dry and heal up outward Infirmities c. How many Bones a Horse hath and where they are Situated All the Bones which every Horse hath whereby to make up an Organical Body are these viz. He hath in his Head thirty nine or fourty Teeth The Bones in his Head do Comprehend the Crocks and Handles of the Scull albeit they be composed of parts and parcels of other Bones also the two flat Handles which from the Pallat and the Fork or Throat hath five the Chine hath fifty two the Breast one the Ribs hath thirty six the fore-Legs and fore-Feet hath fourty four and the hinder-Legs and Feet fourty so as the whole structure of the Body of a Horse whereby to perfect a full Building of Bones consisteth of about two hundred fifty seven or two hundred fifty nine if they be rightly computed which do represent themselves altogether at what time the perfect Anatomy of a Horse is laid open Of the Elements The Elements are four and they give Life and Nutriment unto Man and all other living Creatures They are these Fire Air Water and Earth Their Nature The Nature of Fire is to be hot and dry Air to be hot and moist Water to be cold and moist and Earth to be cold and dry Signes of the Zodiack Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius Pisces These do all Govern the twelve Months of the year and are placed above the Zodiack Names of the Planets Saturn Jupiter Mars Sol Venus Mercury and Lun●a The Government of the Signes Aries governs the Head Taurus the Neck Gemini the Shoulders and Armes Cancer the Stomach and Breast Leo the Heart Virgo the Belly and Guts Libra the Reins and Buttocks Scorpio the Privy Parts Sagittarius the Thighs Capricornus the Knees Aquarius the Legs and Pisces the Feet The best time to let a Horse Blood in If there be no extraordinary cause as in Case of desperate Sickness or so then Jan. the third and fifteenth Feb. the fourth and ninth Mar. the seventeenth and eighteenth April the tenth and sixteenth May the first and thirteenth June the fifteenth and twentieth But for July and August by reason that the Canicular days be then predominant Blood-letting is not so good but only in urgent Case of Necessity In Septemb. the eleventh and twenty eighth Octob. the eighth and twenty third Novemb. the fifth and Seeds Gather Seeds and Fruits when they be fully ripe and they also last but one whole year Rind or Bark Gather the Rind or Bark of any Simple when the Herb is ripe dry them and they will last many years The Office of the Farrier What Points Consist the Office of the Farrier IT Consists in four things viz. Science Experience Knowledge and Handy Work But I shall let pass the first three and speak to Handy-Work and that is To Heat an Iron well to Turn a Shoo well to make and Point a Nail well to Pare the Hoof well to Cauterize well to let Blood well to be light and well-Handied Bold and Hardy and Dressing of a Horse well of such Accidents as may happen unto him The Principal Members of a Horse Some hold that there be four and make the Stones or Gignitors one but I say there are but three The Liver the Heart and The Brain and if he be offended in any of these he will die but if any other Member besides these be hurt he may live and therefore the Stones or Gignitors cannot be one of the Principal Members for you cannot touch any of those three but you kill him out-right or desperately endanger him Now the Stones may receive hurt and if I despair of Curing them I can cut them out without peril of his life Of the Sinews and of the number of them There are two Sinews or Tendons which are white and begin at the end of the Nose and extend themselves along the Neck and along the Back and make their extent to the four Legs and take their ligaments in the fore-Feet There are in every Horse twenty nine or thirty great and small The two great Sinews which I named before It. Two Branches which are main Sinews that proceed from the Brain and run down the Cheeks to the Teeth It. There are from the Shoulders to the first Joynt of the Armes or fore-Legs downwards two great Sinews It. From the Knees to the Pasterns are four

is in its prime 2. When you intend to gather them let them be thoroughly dry and the Sun shining for if you gather them when they be wet they will not keep 3. When you have gathered them dry them thoroughly upon a Table or in the Window where the Sun comes before you put them up in Papers to hang near the Pire 4. If you find their Smell and Colour continue you may be assured their Vertues are not lost CHAP. V. Of Seeds 1. The Seed contains the vital faculty and spirit of the whole Plant and therefore hath in it equal Vertues with it 2. Gather them not till they be full ripe and from the places where they delight most to grow in and let them be thoroughly dried in the Sun before you lay them up 3. These having the spirit of the whole Plant in them are not so subject to corrupt as the others are and therefore you need not keep them so near the Fire as you do the Herbs 4. They will continue good and sound four or five years but they are best in their prime the first and second CHAP. VI. Of Juices 1. The Juices that you are to press out of Herbs Plants Tops and Flowers must be done when they are young and tender 2. If you intend to preserve them some time you must gather them when they be thoroughly dry 3. When you use them they must be bruised in a Stone-Mortar with a wooden Pestle and put afterwards into a Canvass bag and the Juice pressed out in a Press and when you have so done set it over the Fire in an Earthen Pipkin or Skillet and clarifie it by taking off the scum that shall arise You may know when it is well clarified for then the scum will not appear on the top 4. This being Clarified according to your mind you may preserve it for your use in the Winter when you can get no Herbs these two ways First by putting it into a Glass when it is cold and pouring so much Sallet Oyl over it as will cover it let the Oyl lie about the thickness of two Fingers above the Juice This Oyl being of a light Body will always get uppermost and keep out the Air from entring and so preserve it the better from putrefaction When you have occasion to use it pour it out into a Porringer or any other convenient Vessel so much as you think you shall use and take off the Oyl that comes out with it with a little Cotton or with a Spoon and put the remainder back again in the Glass if you leave any and it will quickly sink under the Oyl again c. The second way of preserving it is after you have Clarified it to boyl it over again being first cold to the thickness of Honey and this way it is used for the Diseases of the Mouth The Way of Making and Keeping all Necessary Compounds Viz. Electuaries Pills Waters Ointments Plaisters Charges Poultisses Oyls Syrups by Infusion and by Decoction or by Juice CHAP. I. Of Electuaries 1. If you desire to preserve your Horses Health abroad as well as at Home then make up some Electuary with some Herbs Rooes and Flowers suitable to the Diseases you think he may be most Afflicted with whether they be Coughs Colds or any other Illness and put it into a Gally-pot 2. If you intend any Physick for present use let the Herbs Roots Seeds and Flowers be always in a readiness ready dried in your House that so you may not want them when you come to use them 3. They will keep best whole for being beaten and made into powder they will be soon penetrated by the Air which will cause them to lose much of their Strength and Virtue 4. If you find them not dry enough to beat make them fit for the Pestle by drying them by the Fire 5. When you use them beat them as small as you can and then Sift them through an indifferent fine Sieve 6. To one Ounce of this Powder you may add three Ounces of clarified Honey and make up what quantity of Electuary you please according to the occasion and use you have for it 7. Your Honey must be clarified by the Fire by scumming off the scum from it that shall arise 8. Mix the Powders and this Honey very well together in a Mortar before you put them up for your use 9. The usual Dose of Cordial Electuary is from one Ounce to two Ounces dissolved in a pint or a quart of strong warm Ale or Beer and given him in the Morning or Evening fasting and to fast two or three houres after it CHAP. II. Of Pills or Balls 1. The Invention of these Pills or Balls at first were for the Purging of the Head as I have told you in some of my Physical Observations And as such Infirmities as lie nearest the Passages were best removed by Decoctions because they pass to the grieved part soonest so in the Infirmities of the Head or other parts of the Body more remote from the Stomach and Bowels are best removed by Pills or Balls which are longest in Digestion and therefore the better able to call the offending Humor to them 2. The Way of Making them is very familiar for with the help of a Pestle and Mortar and a little of your care you may make any Powder into Balls you have Directions at large for the making of them after the best Receipt for the Glanders 3. The Manner of Giving them are two-fold viz. either upon the end of a Stick with his Tongue first drawn forth on one side of his Mouth or in a Horn-full of strong Beer CHAP. III. Of Distilled Waters 1. Waters are distilled out of Roots Herbs Flowers and Fruits and are best when they are distilled in their greatest strength and vigour 2. Distilled Waters are the weakest of all Artificial Medicines and made more weak by distilling them in a Pewter Still being good for very little unless mixed with other Medicines But the strongest Way of Stilling them is in Sand. 3. When they are distilled put them up into a Glass and bind on the Top of it a Paper prick't full of Holes that so the fiery Vapours may Exhale for else they will cause them to Mother which will corrupt the Waters Then cover them close and keep them for your use 4. Stopping them with Cork is the common Way though not the best because that Way will make them grow Musty and not much better is Paper if it be suffered to touch the Water But the best and most approved Way to keep them is to Top them with a Bladder being first wet in Water and bound over the Glass 5. Those Waters that are distilled in a Pewter Still will not keep above a year good when those that are distilled in Sand will keep twice as long CHAP. IV. Of Oyntments There be many Ways of making Oyntments but the most familiar and easie is the common Way viz. To bruise