by_o understanding_n nor_o reason_n it_o be_v be_v it_o the_o work_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o of_o our_o reason_n no_o for_o this_o action_n be_v common_a to_o brute_n beast_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o reason_n for_o they_o know_v when_o they_o do_v not_o see_v or_o hear_v or_o smell_v and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o they_o know_v so_o much_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v by_o their_o open_n of_o their_o eye_n when_o they_o be_v shut_v and_o prick_v up_o their_o ear_n when_o they_o will_v see_v or_o hear_v neither_o need_v we_o wonder_v heereat_o for_o they_o be_v enrich_v with_o some_o function_n that_o come_v near_o unto_o reason_n itself_o as_o i_o may_v easy_o prove_v by_o many_o instance_n of_o diverse_a creature_n out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n and_o other_o historian_n if_o i_o think_v it_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n see_v therefore_o unreasonable_a creature_n do_v know_v when_o they_o perceive_v that_o be_v have_v use_n of_o their_o sense_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o that_o knowledge_n be_v not_o a_o work_n of_o reason_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o work_n of_o the_o fantasy_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o work_v after_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v when_o the_o object_n be_v not_o present_a but_o this_o sense_n ought_v to_o judge_v at_o least_o then_o when_o phantisy_n it_o be_v no_o work_n of_o the_o phantisy_n we_o have_v use_v of_o sense_n that_o we_o do_v use_v it_o and_o after_o sensation_n to_o do_v nothing_o whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 136_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la handle_v this_o matter_n affirm_v that_o this_o be_v do_v continual_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n and_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o common_a sense_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o no_o one_o sense_n but_o be_v equal_o common_a to_o all_o for_o nature_n have_v sense_n we_o know_v that_o we_o perceyve_v by_o the_o common_a sense_n always_o endeavour_v that_o she_o may_v bring_v a_o multitude_n into_o a_o unity_n so_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v wherefore_o she_o have_v join_v in_o one_o common_a sense_n all_o the_o outward_a sense_n wherinto_o as_o line_n go_v from_o the_o circumference_n into_o the_o centre_n they_o may_v determine_v &_o this_o have_v the_o philosopher_n very_o elegant_o declare_v in_o the_o 30._o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o call_v this_o common_a sense_n the_o mean_a or_o middle_a between_o the_o external_a sense_n consider_v they_o as_o the_o circumference_n and_o this_o as_o the_o centre_n this_o be_v that_o sense_n by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o hear_v &_o see_v and_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v bind_v in_o our_o sleep_n make_v we_o ignorant_a of_o our_o sensation_n this_o be_v it_o which_o except_o it_o be_v present_v all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v unprofitable_a this_o be_v it_o which_o offer_v to_o the_o fancy_n the_o species_n which_o the_o outward_a sense_n have_v perceive_v and_o the_o phantasm_n to_o the_o understanding_n in_o a_o word_n this_o be_v it_o without_o which_o neither_o the_o external_a nor_o internal_a sense_n nor_o the_o principal_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v consist_v entire_a and_o absolute_a qvest._n xii_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v receive_v of_o all_o man_n that_o the_o sense_n be_v five_o in_o number_n but_o especial_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o 128_o text_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la who_o say_v sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n that_o beside_o sight_n hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n assign_v and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o object_n colour_n sound_n odour_n sapour_n and_o tactile_a quality_n if_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v find_v no_o other_o proper_a object_n beside_o these_o five_o i_o mean_v of_o external_a sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n object_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sense_n beside_o these_o so_o also_o because_o these_o five_o mention_v several_a object_n be_v so_o proper_a unto_o their_o several_a sense_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o but_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a sense_n i_o say_v it_o follow_v hence_o that_o there_o be_v no_o few_o sense_n than_o five_o because_o the_o object_n be_v full_a out_o five_o furthermore_o this_o number_n of_o five_o sense_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o element_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v sense_n the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o every_o organ_n be_v assign_v to_o a_o particular_a element_n namely_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o water_n the_o hear_v to_o the_o air_n the_o smell_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o touch_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o taste_v because_o of_o his_o near_a affinity_n to_o touch_v be_v resemble_v unto_o the_o same_o element_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v object_v any_o way_n infringe_v or_o impeach_v this_o opinion_n to_o solution_n objection_n solution_n wit_n because_o there_o be_v one_o only_o sensative_a faculty_n therefore_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o sense_n for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o eye_n discern_v colour_n the_o ear_n judge_v of_o sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v savour_n be_v not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o the_o foot_n also_o will_v see_v if_o it_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o temperament_n convenient_a for_o the_o discern_a of_o colour_n that_o they_o have_v sense_n the_o organ_n have_v it_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o that_o the_o perceive_v rather_o this_o then_o that_o object_n they_o obtain_v it_o not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperament_n of_o their_o organ_n wherefore_o whereas_o the_o eye_n do_v discern_v of_o colour_n the_o ear_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o nose_n of_o odour_n it_o be_v not_o because_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a visive_a a_o auditory_a and_o odoratorie_n or_o smell_a faculty_n but_o because_o one_o and_o the_o same_o faculty_n carry_v itself_o in_o every_o organ_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v diverslie_o proceed_v into_o act_n according_a to_o the_o diverse_a temper_n of_o the_o diverse_a organ_n qvest._n xiii_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o order_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o sight_n as_o aristotle_n and_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n do_v or_o with_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v a_o contrary_a way_n wherein_o physician_n &_o anatomist_n do_v walk_v and_o these_o be_v the_o two_o contrary_a sect_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o order_n for_o none_o ever_o make_v doubt_n about_o the_o interruption_n or_o break_v off_o the_o order_n but_o how_o many_o author_n soever_o there_o be_v they_o have_v either_o place_v sight_n in_o the_o first_o place_n hear_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o taste_v in_o the_o four_o and_o touch_v in_o the_o five_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v put_v touch_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n taste_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o hear_v in_o the_o four_o and_o see_v in_o the_o five_o and_o last_o place_n as_o concern_v the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o of_o aristotle_n especial_o element_n sense_n to_o be_v place_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n who_o both_o in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 2._o 3._o and_o 5._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n &_o sens_n do_v rank_n they_o in_o this_o order_n moreover_o this_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n because_o this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n which_o do_v concur_v for_o a_o mean_a or_o other_o help_n to_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o every_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o element_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v appropriate_v ought_v thus_o to_o be_v place_v and_o according_a thereto_o shall_v their_o order_n and_o frame_n arise_v sight_n be_v then_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n because_o fire_n have_v the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o element_n fiery_a the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a for_o sight_n be_v fiery_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la or_o inbred_a fire_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n for_o except_v there_o be_v light_n which_o proceed_v from_o afiery_a body_n there_o will_v be_v no_o vision_n the_o hear_v be_v the_o second_o because_o it_o be_v airy_a for_o
in_o sapour_n or_o taste_n humidity_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o two_o contrary_n shall_v be_v predominant_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n than_o which_o what_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a we_o must_v say_v therefore_o that_o these_o quality_n be_v in_o mix_v body_n not_o actual_o but_o potential_o and_o that_o they_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n as_o out_o of_o their_o matter_n so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v potentialli_n odour_n what_o it_o be_v say_v that_o siccity_n have_v the_o predominance_n in_o odour_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o odour_n which_o exhale_v into_o act_n out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n and_o so_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o contrariety_n in_o that_o we_o affirm_v neither_o let_v any_o man_n think_v it_o absurd_a that_o we_o say_v two_o contrary_n may_v be_v potential_o in_o the_o same_o subject_n for_o water_n that_o be_v tepid_v or_o warm_a that_o be_v in_o a_o middle_a temper_n betwixt_o cold_a and_o hot_a be_v potential_o both_o cold_a and_o hot_a at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n for_o it_o have_v a_o equal_a disposition_n to_o they_o both_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o potential_a contrariety_n breed_v no_o strife_n in_o a_o real_a subject_n qvest._n xlix_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n although_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o odour_n do_v consist_v in_o siccity_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v at_o odour_n he_o be_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o odour_n any_o time_n without_o humidity_n yea_o it_o be_v generate_v out_o of_o humidity_n elevate_v or_o raise_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o heat_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o odour_n unless_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o heat_n do_v boil_v raise_v up_o and_o attenuate_v the_o humidity_n and_o this_o all_o herbalist_n acknowledge_v for_o a_o rule_n to_o wit_n that_o all_o thing_n that_o smell_v strong_o be_v hot_a so_o that_o from_o the_o vehemency_n or_o remissness_n of_o the_o odour_n they_o do_v in_o herb_n distinguish_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n so_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 12_o problem_n of_o the_o 12_o galan_n a_o rule_n for_o herbaliste_n galan_n section_n strong_a and_o â—anke-smelling_a seed_n be_v hot_a because_o the_o odour_n proceed_v from_o heat_n the_o like_a also_o galen_n affirm_v in_o the_o 22._o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr simplicium_fw-la medicamentorum_fw-la facultatibus_fw-la experience_n also_o manife_v the_o same_o for_o perfume_n be_v more_o fragrant_a when_o they_o be_v hot_a sweet_a thing_n smell_v most_o when_o they_o be_v hot_a hot_a then_o when_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o in_o hot_a season_n yield_v a_o sweet_a smell_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o moisture_n be_v better_a boil_v away_o and_o that_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o odour_n raise_v up_o in_o the_o abundance_n of_o exhalation_n which_o can_v be_v loosen_v and_o free_v from_o the_o bond_n of_o the_o matter_n wherein_o they_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o heat_n for_o cold_a do_v bind_v and_o shut_v they_o up_o neither_o suffer_v they_o to_o issue_n out_o of_o their_o substance_n nor_o give_v they_o way_n to_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n plutarch_n in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n frost_n why_o hound_n can_v hunt_v in_o frost_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr causis_fw-la naturalibus_fw-la assoyl_v the_o question_n why_o in_o a_o frosty_a morning_n hound_n can_v hunt_v so_o true_o as_o in_o open_a weather_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v if_o the_o odour_n be_v not_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n what_o need_n have_v it_o of_o moisture_n and_o heat_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o whereof_o we_o objection_n objection_n be_v admonish_v before_o that_o odour_n in_o mix_a body_n be_v only_o potential_o &_o can_v solution_n solution_n be_v produce_v into_o a_o act_n unless_o they_o issue_n out_o of_o they_o wherefore_o be_v a_o accident_n it_o can_v issue_n out_o of_o his_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v potential_o unless_o some_o other_o subject_n do_v accompany_v it_o for_o say_v the_o philosopher_n the_o be_v of_o a_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v in_o for_o out_o of_o their_o subject_n they_o be_v nothing_o this_o subject_n therefore_o which_o produce_v the_o odour_n into_o act_n be_v a_o exhalation_n a_o exhalation_n can_v be_v raise_v but_o by_o heat_n out_o of_o moisture_n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v necessary_a in_o the_o production_n of_o odour_n necessary_a i_o say_v not_o pierce_v as_o they_o be_v odour_n but_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la because_o they_o can_v actual_o exist_v without_o a_o exhalation_n they_o urge_v further_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v of_o and_o by_o itself_o nothing_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n objection_n objection_n thereof_o for_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o be_v non_fw-la ens_fw-la or_o without_o be_v again_o a_o substance_n pierce_v or_o by_o itself_o can_v be_v know_v and_o therefore_o say_v they_o we_o take_v away_o even_o out_o of_o the_o universal_a nature_n all_o science_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v be_v either_o a_o substance_n solution_n solution_n or_o a_o accident_n three_o thing_n there_o be_v none_o indeed_o we_o grant_v that_o of_o a_o odour_n consider_v by_o itself_o and_o separated_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n for_o so_o consider_v it_o be_v nothing_o neither_o substance_n no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o accident_n without_o the_o substance_n do_v it_o fall_v under_o sense_n but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o exhalation_n it_o move_v the_o sense_n and_o also_o fall_v under_o science_n or_o knowledge_n in_o like_a manner_n accident_n separate_v from_o their_o substance_n and_o substance_n separate_v from_o the_o accident_n do_v not_o fall_v under_o science_n but_o each_o by_o other_o be_v mutual_o know_v and_o demonstrate_v qvest._n l._n conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v not_o smell_v some_o peripatician_n say_v placentinus_n may_v object_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o odour_n have_v actual_a existence_n only_o in_o exhalation_n so_o that_o without_o it_o it_o can_v move_v the_o sense_n then_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o peripatetik_n a_o objection_n of_o the_o peripatetik_n water_n where_o there_o be_v no_o exhalation_n to_o be_v find_v for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fumid_a exhalation_n make_v in_o water_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o soon_o as_o air_n be_v engender_v in_o water_n it_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o it_o in_o a_o bubble_n we_o may_v answer_v that_o the_o fish_n do_v not_o live_v in_o the_o pure_a and_o neat_a element_n of_o water_n but_o in_o a_o water_n compound_v of_o four_o element_n water_n consist_v of_o four_o element_n element_n be_v therefore_o compound_v there_o be_v some_o fire_n in_o it_o fire_v always_o woork_v that_o work_n consume_v moisture_n and_o such_o consumption_n be_v absolve_v by_o exhalation_n or_o elevation_n into_o vapour_n see_v therefore_o that_o in_o water_n there_o may_v be_v find_v such_o evaporation_n it_o may_v be_v haply_o imagine_v that_o by_o it_o the_o fish_n do_v apprehend_v odour_n but_o say_v my_o author_n it_o may_v be_v this_o thread_n be_v too_o hard_o twist_v or_o too_o fine_o spin_v because_o first_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o fish_n smell_v be_v wonderful_a dull_a because_o of_o the_o predominance_n of_o moisture_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o water_n again_o i_o doubt_v it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o join_v fire_n and_o water_n two_o contrary_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o contrariety_n and_o sure_o this_o blame_n we_o shall_v worthy_o deserve_v if_o we_o shall_v make_v the_o fire_n &_o water_n equal_a in_o their_o degree_n but_o we_o give_v the_o pre-eminence_n unto_o the_o water_n and_o say_v that_o the_o fire_n as_o also_o the_o other_o element_n do_v put_v their_o quality_n under_o his_o girdle_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o water_n the_o fire_n be_v remit_v not_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v extinguish_v or_o quench_v out_o by_o the_o water_n but_o they_o be_v remit_v or_o abate_v for_o fire_n work_v perpetual_o wheresoever_o it_o be_v and_o raise_v vapour_n although_o they_o be_v never_o so_o small_a for_o this_o action_n necessary_o follow_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o fire_n so_o that_o if_o you_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n you_o take_v away_o his_o whole_a substance_n some_o philosopher_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o four_o element_n be_v only_o potentiallie_o in_o compound_a body_n and_o therefore_o have_v only_o potential_a virtue_n so_o that_o fire_n which_o be_v objection_n objection_n only_o potential_o in_o water_n can_v actual_o work_v upon_o it_o but_o we_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o
water_n be_v actual_o compound_v of_o four_o element_n those_o element_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o it_o actual_o for_o that_o which_o be_v potential_o can_v make_v a_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o we_o will_v say_v if_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n why_o do_v not_o the_o fire_n warm_v it_o sure_o it_o do_v warm_v it_o although_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v all_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o solution_n solution_n shall_v appear_v warm_a unto_o the_o touchf_n or_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o sincere_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o more_o cold_a than_o our_o water_n be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o well_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o deep_a within_o the_o earth_n for_o they_o be_v hot_a in_o winter_n than_o they_o be_v in_o summer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o winter_n the_o winter_n why_o well-water_n be_v warm_a in_o winter_n surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v condense_v or_o close_v up_o so_o that_o the_o internal_a and_o elementary_a heat_n be_v preserve_v within_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o summer_n when_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v loosen_a and_o relax_v issue_v into_o the_o air_n hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o water_n after_o it_o be_v once_o heat_v over_o the_o fire_n will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o other_o which_o be_v new_o take_v out_o of_o a_o river_n because_o in_o boil_v over_o the_o fire_n the_o inbred_a heat_n of_o the_o water_n vanish_v because_o the_o part_n be_v relax_v or_o disunite_v but_o in_o fresh_a spring_n water_n the_o native_a heat_n remain_v which_o preserve_v it_o from_o freeze_a now_o these_o thing_n can_v not_o be_v thus_o except_o that_o fire_n be_v actual_o in_o the_o water_n and_o do_v also_o actual_o heat_v it_o notwithstanding_o the_o philosopher_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v hold_v excuse_v because_o excuse_v the_o phylosophet_n excuse_v the_o pure_a element_n distinguish_v several_o one_o from_o another_o be_v in_o compound_a body_n potential_o for_o actual_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o in_o they_o but_o you_o will_v say_v that_o because_o of_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v natural_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n there_o be_v in_o the_o water_n some_o little_a odour_n and_o that_o little_a odor_n fish_n do_v perceive_v but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o man_n can_v smell_v in_o the_o water_n if_o fish_n therefore_o can_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v more_o perfect_a in_o fish_n then_o in_o man_n which_o be_v utter_o false_a neither_o be_v it_o any_o answer_n to_o say_v that_o the_o water_n have_v odour_n therein_o or_o be_v odorate_v in_o respect_n of_o of_o the_o siccity_n because_o this_o siccity_n be_v only_o potential_a and_o unless_o the_o humidity_n which_o be_v actual_o and_o predominant_a there_o be_v consume_v it_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n for_o actual_a odour_n require_v a_o actual_a siccity_n and_o that_o actuaal_o predominant_a but_o some_o man_n may_v object_v that_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n raise_v up_o exhalation_n and_o so_o odour_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o in_o water_n exhalation_n may_v be_v generate_v but_o none_o such_o as_o aristotle_n exhalation_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o moist_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n understand_v that_o be_v odoriferous_a because_o those_o exhalation_n be_v mere_o vaparous_a wherein_o the_o siccity_n be_v yet_o actual_o overcome_v by_o the_o humidity_n but_o humid_a exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o actual_a odour_n be_v never_o find_v in_o water_n which_o also_o aristotle_n confess_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o aristotle_n proove_v that_o fish_n do_v smell_v because_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o they_o choose_v their_o meat_n by_o their_o smell_v but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o wherefrom_o we_o be_v digress_v and_o at_o length_n to_o determine_v this_o controversy_n we_o say_v that_o fish_n may_v so_o far_o forth_o smell_v as_o the_o water_n wherein_o they_o live_v do_v communicate_v with_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n for_o see_v nothing_o can_v either_o be_v generate_v or_o nourish_v by_o a_o simple_a element_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o fish_n be_v engender_v and_o water_n fish_n can_v smell_v in_o pure_a water_n nourish_v in_o the_o water_n that_o water_n partake_v of_o the_o vigour_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o element_n and_o this_o be_v also_o manifest_v by_o the_o reciprocal_a transmutation_n or_o change_n of_o one_o element_n into_o another_o for_o no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o rarefy_v water_n turn_v into_o air_n and_o air_n rarefy_v into_o fire_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o the_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o unmixed_a for_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v receive_v or_o put_v on_o a_o diverse_a yea_o a_o contrary_a nature_n wherewith_o it_o have_v no_o affinity_n or_o familiarity_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v persist_v and_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o habitation_n of_o fish_n be_v the_o pure_a and_o sincere_a element_n of_o water_n free_a from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o other_o element_n than_o i_o say_v say_v placentinus_n that_o fish_n can_v smell_v at_o all_o my_o reason_n be_v first_o because_o no_o sense_n be_v move_v but_o by_o object_n but_o in_o water_n which_o be_v not_o adulterate_v with_o mixture_n of_o any_o heterogeny_n body_n can_v produce_v a_o object_n of_o smell_v for_o odour_n be_v in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a now_o what_o be_v more_o moist_a and_o free_a from_o siccity_n then_o pure_a and_o simple_a water_n again_o if_o odoriferous_a thing_n by_o too_o plentiful_a effusion_n of_o moisture_n do_v loose_v their_o odour_n how_o can_v pure_a and_o sincere_a water_n have_v any_o odour_n therein_o if_o therefore_o fish_n do_v smell_v as_o aristotle_n and_o other_o classicke_a author_n do_v testify_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o siccity_n which_o come_v from_o the_o permixtion_n of_o air_n and_o fre._n if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o water_n have_v no_o smell_n in_o it_o because_o a_o man_n can_v perceive_v the_o odour_n thereof_o though_o he_o snuff_v it_o into_o his_o nose_n have_v notwithstanding_o a_o great_a perfection_n of_o this_o sense_n the_o fish_n have_v i_o answer_v that_o fish_n and_o those_o creature_n resspiration_n fish_n smell_v without_o resspiration_n that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v without_o respiration_n or_o breathe_n and_o without_o those_o many_o help_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v in_o man_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v to_o fish_n a_o familiar_a element_n a_o little_a odour_n mix_v therewith_o may_v move_v and_o stir_v up_o their_o sense_n whereas_o in_o man_n there_o must_v be_v a_o hot_a steam_n raise_v from_o that_o which_o be_v odoriferous_a there_o must_v be_v also_o respiration_n through_o the_o nose_n to_o convey_v the_o same_o steam_n through_o the_o spongy_a bone_n unto_o the_o mammillary_a process_n before_o this_o sense_n in_o they_o can_v be_v move_v but_o whereas_o aristotle_n absolute_o conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v smell_v because_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n that_o consequence_n we_o can_v so_o well_o approve_v for_o the_o choice_n or_o election_n of_o their_o meat_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o cause_n when_o we_o be_v to_o buy_v any_o victual_n which_o we_o may_v not_o tak'_v weemake_n choice_n by_o our_o eye_n believe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v best_a colour_a be_v also_o best_a taste_v why_o shall_v we_o not_o therefore_o think_v that_o fish_n may_v make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n again_o all_o creature_n by_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n do_v desire_n and_o seek_v after_o that_o aliment_n which_o be_v proportionable_a unto_o they_o for_o what_o teach_v the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n to_o draw_v unto_o it_o the_o mother_n blood_n rather_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o humour_n be_v it_o the_o smell_n of_o blood_n nothing_o infant_n how_o fish_n choose_v their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n by_o instinct_n as_o the_o infant_n less_o for_o the_o infant_n do_v not_o smell_v at_o all_o yea_o it_o draw_v the_o nourishment_n into_o the_o liver_n through_o the_o umbilicall_a vein_n by_o a_o natural_a instinct_n after_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v what_o make_v it_o to_o choose_v the_o mother_n milk_n before_o all_o other_o nourishment_n be_v it_o the_o odour_n or_o smell_n of_o the_o milk_n no_o for_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o infant_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o breast_n he_o sudden_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a force_n lap_v his_o tongue_n about_o the_o head_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o suck_v very_o strong_o shall_v we_o attribute_v this_o work_n of_o the_o infant_n to_o the_o smell_n rather_o than_o to_o a_o instinct_n
neither_o be_v necessary_a see_v the_o taste_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n be_v immediate_o absolve_v or_o perfect_v as_o the_o touch_n be_v that_o which_o we_o taste_v we_o immediate_o touch_v with_o our_o tongue_n neither_o be_v there_o sensation_n make_v till_o the_o object_n light_n upon_o the_o organ_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la i_o ask_v the_o question_n what_o he_o will_v assign_v one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n or_o some_o body_n compound_v of_o they_o sure_o neither_o these_o nor_o that_o for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o element_n it_o must_v be_v fire_n or_o air_n or_o water_n or_o earth_n but_o not_o fire_v no_o element_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la not_o fire_v fire_n for_o that_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a which_o will_v not_o conserve_v but_o consume_v the_o moisture_n where_o in_o especial_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v seat_v now_o the_o office_n of_o a_o medium_n be_v to_o conserve_v the_o object_n not_o to_o destroy_v it_o add_v hereto_o that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n be_v heat_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o can_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o same_o thing_n again_o if_o fire_n be_v the_o mediâ—â—_n we_o may_v like_v a_o salamander_n live_v in_o the_o fire_n or_o champ_v burn_a coal_n and_o not_o be_v hurt_v the_o air_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o the_o sapor_n recide_v in_o the_o mix_a body_n out_o oâ—_n which_o it_o never_o yssu_v wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o must_v lead_v the_o sapor_n unto_o the_o organ_n air_n not_o air_n must_v also_o transport_v unto_o the_o organ_n the_o mix_a body_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n be_v but_o the_o air_n be_v a_o simple_a and_o liquid_a element_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o carry_v a_o solid_a matter_n the_o water_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la because_o we_o do_v not_o live_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o not_o contiguous_a with_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n water_n not_o water_n much_o less_o the_o earth_n for_o that_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o earth_n not_o earth_n sapour_n and_o therefore_o will_v rather_o utter_o destroy_v they_o then_o conserve_v and_o maintain_v theâ—_n one_o word_n may_v have_v serve_v all_o there_o be_v no_o pure_a or_o simple_a element_n &_o that_o which_o be_v not_o can_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la be_v it_o any_o compound_a body_n no_o for_o a_o compound_n body_n woâ—â—_n element_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a element_n disturb_v and_o hinder_v the_o taste_n beside_o every_o mix_a body_n if_o it_o have_v never_o so_o little_a humid_a in_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o gustable_a that_o be_v the_o object_n not_o the_o medium_n of_o taste_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o outward_a medium_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o intermediate_v body_n adjoin_v or_o grow_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n for_o as_o in_o touch_v we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o second_o book_n that_o the_o scarf_n skin_n be_v make_v by_o nature_n to_o come_v between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o skin_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o organ_n not_o to_o be_v a_o medium_n necessary_a what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v necessary_a for_o that_o office_n it_o do_v not_o perform_v but_o a_o little_a to_o dull_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n so_o likewise_o in_o taste_n which_o we_o have_v often_o say_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v we_o hold_v that_o the_o membrance_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o office_n to_o the_o organ_n which_o therefore_o we_o may_v say_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medium_n though_o indeed_o and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o so_o qvest._n lxii_o of_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v have_v thus_o say_v what_o we_o can_v for_o this_o present_a concern_v the_o medium_n of_o taste_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o organ_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n make_v all_o man_n herein_o believe_v their_o sense_n that_o the_o tongue_n be_v it_o which_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n for_o not_o only_o reasonable_a but_o all_o unreasonable_a creature_n when_o they_o will_v taste_v any_o thing_n do_v lay_v it_o to_o their_o tongue_n or_o if_o they_o can_v do_v so_o they_o lay_v their_o tongue_n unto_o it_o to_o distinguish_v the_o taste_n thereof_o some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o pallet_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o this_o sense_n which_o we_o find_v false_a because_o those_o man_n who_o pallet_n be_v eat_v out_o with_o the_o french_a disease_n do_v yet_o taste_v their_o tooth_n that_o the_o palate_n be_v not_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v nor_o the_o tooth_n meat_n well_o enough_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v the_o tongue_n though_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o have_v attribute_v this_o faculty_n to_o the_o tooth_n who_o argument_n happy_o we_o may_v answer_v in_o another_o place_n if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o shall_v not_o think_v they_o unworthy_a our_o resolution_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v conceive_v with_o better_a reason_n that_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n of_o taste_v among_o who_o be_v valesius_fw-la in_o the_o four_o refuted_a nor_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n valesius_fw-la refuted_a and_o twentieth_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o controversy_n but_o he_o affirm_v it_o only_o confirm_v it_o not_o yet_o because_o so_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n have_v affirm_v it_o we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o contrary_n appear_v first_o therefore_o the_o temperament_n which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o which_o other_o membrance_n do_v argument_n the_o first_o argument_n deny_v it_o this_o privilege_n for_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o sapour_n now_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n must_v not_o be_v at_o dagger_n draw_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n but_o rather_o friend_n and_o live_v neighbourly_a together_o so_o as_o the_o organ_n may_v be_v potential_o that_o which_o the_o object_n be_v indeed_o and_o act_v again_o the_o same_o membrane_n which_o incompass_v the_o tongue_n do_v also_o invest_v the_o nostril_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n the_o pallet_n and_o 〈…〉_o llet_fw-la if_o therefore_o the_o membrane_n be_v the_o organ_n this_o sense_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o all_o these_o part_n which_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n not_o to_o be_v so_o valesius_fw-la very_a unaduised_o resolve_v that_o this_o very_a membrane_n encompass_v the_o nostril_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v and_o say_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d â—he_v diversity_n of_o the_o temperament_n which_o make_v it_o in_o the_o tongue_n the_o organ_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o nose_n the_o organ_n of_o smell_v but_o he_o be_v fowl_o deceive_v for_o suppose_v it_o have_v in_o these_o place_n a_o different_a temperature_n we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o only_o the_o temper_n be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o beside_o to_o diverse_a action_n there_o be_v require_v a_o diverse_a substance_n diverse_a i_o say_v and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o else_o where_o to_o be_v find_v now_o this_o membrane_n although_o the_o temper_n do_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o several_a place_n yet_o in_o quality_n and_o substance_n it_o be_v like_o itself_o appear_v so_o both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n final_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n into_o which_o a_o soft_a nerve_n do_v determine_v but_o into_o this_o coat_n no_o man_n will_v say_v the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v who_o have_v but_o touch_v argument_n the_o three_o argument_n anatomy_n with_o his_o upper_a lip_n yet_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chap_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n as_o the_o hard_a nerve_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o muskle_n galen_n objection_n out_o of_o galen_n so_o be_v the_o soft_a into_o their_o proper_a organ_n as_o into_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n so_o that_o hence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o his_o membran_fw-mi be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o taste_v but_o this_o place_n of_o galen_n be_v no_o whit_n against_o our_o opinion_n for_o we_o think_v and_o confess_v that_o that_o into_o which_o the_o expound_v galen_n expound_v nerve_n determine_v be_v the_o true_a organ_n but_o galen_n do_v not_o say_v the_o nerve_n determine_v in_o the_o membrane_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n he_o say_v it_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v rather_o gather_v yea_o therefrom_o it_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o organ_n we_o treat_v of_o because_o into_o it_o the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v
subject_a to_o corruption_n and_o dissolution_n for_o every_o singular_a and_o particular_a thing_n either_o have_v life_n or_o be_v without_o it_o if_o it_o be_v without_o life_n it_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o diverse_a alteration_n in_o regard_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n whereof_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o first_o matter_n it_o be_v always_o in_o love_n with_o new_a form_n and_o therefore_o most_o subject_a to_o mutation_n which_o the_o french_a poet_n sallust_n bart._n sallust_n du_fw-fr bart._n express_v under_o the_o comparison_n of_o a_o notorious_a strumpet_n on_o this_o manner_n or_o like_o a_o lais_n who_o unconstant_a love_n do_v every_o day_n a_o thousand_o time_n remove_v strumpet_n the_o general_a matter_n of_o thing_n like_o a_o strumpet_n who_o be_v scarce_o unfold_v from_o one_o youth_n embrace_n yer_z in_o her_o thought_n another_o she_o embrace_v and_o the_o new_a pleasure_n of_o her_o wanton_a fire_n stir_v in_o she_o still_o another_o new_a 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v by_o nature_n &_o necessity_n by_o nature_n nat_n by_o nat_n because_o of_o the_o exhaustion_n or_o expense_n of_o the_o primigenie_n moisture_n by_o the_o elementary_a heat_n and_o the_o continual_a effluxion_n of_o the_o threefold_a substance_n by_o necessity_n because_o of_o the_o permixtion_n necessity_n by_o necessity_n of_o the_o aliment_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o excrement_n the_o suppression_n whereof_o make_v a_o oppression_n of_o the_o part_n stable_v up_o a_o fruitful_a nursery_n of_o disease_n and_o final_o induce_v death_n itself_o wherefore_o nature_n who_o hypocrates_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d recta_fw-la facientem_fw-la and_o the_o immortality_n lib._n epidem_fw-la the_o providence_n of_o nature_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n a_o image_n of_o immortality_n ordinary_a power_n of_o god_n be_v a_o diligent_a and_o careful_a provider_n for_o herself_o have_v give_v to_o every_o thing_n a_o certain_a appetite_n of_o eternity_n which_o because_o she_o can_v not_o perform_v in_o the_o individuum_fw-la or_o particular_a creature_n because_o of_o the_o mortality_n of_o their_o nature_n she_o endeavour_v to_o accomplish_v by_o propagation_n of_o form_n and_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o thing_n as_o in_o the_o element_n by_o transmutation_n of_o one_o into_o another_o in_o mineral_n by_o apposition_n &_o in_o creature_n by_o generation_n for_o so_o every_o individuum_fw-la extend_v itself_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o procreation_n of_o another_o like_a unto_o itself_o grow_v young_a again_o and_o become_v after_o a_o sort_n eternal_a the_o father_n live_v in_o the_o son_n and_o die_v not_o as_o long_o as_o his_o express_a and_o live_a image_n stand_v upon_o the_o earth_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o production_n of_o other_o thing_n the_o generation_n of_o perfect_a creature_n be_v accomplish_v creature_n the_o generation_n of_o perfect_a creature_n when_o the_o male_a sow_v his_o seed_n and_o the_o female_a receyve_v and_o conceyve_v it_o for_o this_o purpose_n nature_n have_v frame_v in_o both_o sex_n part_n and_o place_n fit_a for_o generation_n beside_o a_o instinct_n of_o lust_n or_o desire_n not_o inordinate_a such_o as_o by_o sin_n be_v super-induced_n in_o man_n but_o natural_a reside_v in_o the_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o obscene_a part_n for_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n have_v place_v herein_o so_o incredible_a a_o sting_n or_o rage_n of_o pleasure_n as_o whereby_o we_o be_v generation_n natural_a pleasure_n in_o generation_n transport_v for_o a_o time_n as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o ourselves_o what_o man_n be_v there_o almost_o who_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a nature_n that_o will_v defile_v himself_o in_o such_o impurity_n what_o woman_n will_v admit_v the_o embracement_n of_o a_o man_n remember_v she_o nine_o month_n burden_n her_o painful_a and_o dangerous_a deliverance_n her_o care_n disquiet_a and_o anxiety_n in_o the_o nurse_n and_o education_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v forget_v and_o we_o overtake_v with_o a_o ecstasy_n which_o hypocrates_n call_v a_o little_a epilepsy_n or_o fall_a sickness_n and_o the_o holy_a scripture_n veil_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o senselessness_n in_o lot_n who_o neither_o perceive_v when_o his_o daughter_n lay_v down_o nor_o when_o they_o rise_v up_o well_o the_o history_n of_o these_o part_n of_o generation_n it_o be_v our_o task_n in_o this_o book_n to_o describe_v over_o which_o also_o we_o can_v wish_v we_o be_v able_a to_o cast_v a_o veil_n which_o it_o shall_v be_v impiety_n for_o any_o man_n to_o remove_v who_o come_v not_o with_o as_o chaste_a a_o heart_n to_o read_v as_o we_o do_v to_o write_v howsoever_o that_o which_o must_v needs_o be_v do_v shall_v be_v do_v with_o as_o little_a offence_n as_o possible_a we_o may_v the_o part_n therefore_o of_o generation_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o belong_v to_o man_n some_o to_o woman_n the_o part_n of_o generation_n belong_v to_o man_n for_o of_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v see_v afterward_o be_v very_o many_o but_o all_o conspire_v unto_o one_o end_n which_o be_v to_o exhibit_v something_o out_o of_o man_n the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o man_n themselves_o which_o may_v have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o principle_n by_o which_o and_o out_o of_o which_o a_o new_a man_n may_v be_v generate_v the_o principle_n exhibit_v be_v seed_n which_o because_o it_o contain_v in_o itself_o the_o form_n and_o idea_n of_o all_o the_o part_n for_o it_o fall_v from_o they_o all_o and_o beside_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o fatal_a necessity_n of_o life_n and_o death_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o manifold_a preparation_n coction_n and_o elaboration_n and_o therefore_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n fit_a for_o so_o great_a and_o curious_a a_o work_n be_v no_o doubt_n very_o exquisite_a for_o some_o of_o they_o do_v only_o prepare_v the_o seed_n or_o as_o it_o be_v rough_a hue_n it_o as_o put_v thereon_o a_o rudiment_n of_o seed_n which_o before_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o overplus_n of_o the_o pure_a part_n of_o blood_n remain_v after_o assimulation_n in_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o body_n this_o preparation_n be_v make_v in_o thes_n permaticall_a vein_n and_o artery_n who_o admirable_a implication_n and_o complication_n like_o the_o wreathe_a or_o wormie_a tendril_n of_o vein_n do_v form_n as_o it_o be_v a_o twist_a or_o bed_v net_n wherein_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o long_o retain_v till_o it_o acquire_v some_o beginning_n of_o alteration_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o other_o part_n there_o be_v which_o boil_v it_o anew_o as_o that_o we_o call_v epididymis_fw-la or_o parastatae_fw-la other_o afford_v unto_o it_o prolificall_a virtue_n whereby_o it_o be_v enable_v to_o produce_v and_o generate_v a_o thing_n like_o unto_o itself_o &_o those_o be_v the_o testicle_n which_o give_v it_o the_o true_a form_n of_o seed_n other_o when_o it_o be_v thus_o perfect_v lead_v it_o down_o towards_o the_o place_n of_o receipt_n which_o be_v call_v deferentia_fw-la or_o eiaculatoria_n vasa_fw-la albeit_o i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o second_o name_n we_o call_v they_o the_o lead_a vessel_n other_o receive_v contain_v and_o store_n it_o up_o for_o necessary_a use_n as_o the_o many_o vesicle_n or_o bladderet_n and_o those_o kernel_n or_o glandule_n which_o be_v call_v prostatae_fw-la situate_v at_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n of_o urine_n final_o other_o deliver_v it_o out_o and_o strew_v it_o in_o the_o seed_n plat_n sow_v it_o in_o the_o fertile_a field_n of_o nature_n the_o womb_n of_o the_o woman_n which_o be_v call_v penis_n the_o yard_n or_o virile_a member_n of_o all_o which_o if_o but_o one_o be_v want_v yea_o defective_a the_o work_n of_o generation_n go_v not_o at_o all_o or_o but_o lame_o forward_a wherefore_o we_o will_v endeavour_n to_o show_v
which_o hinder_v the_o light_n &_o then_o that_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v present_a when_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v the_o colour_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v illuminate_v if_o then_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n it_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v the_o form_n thereof_o but_o though_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n yet_o i_o can_v stay_v my_o judgement_n refute_v refute_v upon_o it_o for_o some_o perswasible_a reason_n which_o move_v i_o to_o think_v contrary_a for_o nothing_o can_v pass_v from_o one_o extreme_a unto_o another_o unless_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o it_o can_v pass_v through_o the_o medium_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v first_o receive_v into_o it_o moreover_o in_o a_o perspicuous_a mean_n there_o appear_v diverse_a effect_n of_o light_n for_o it_o be_v attenuate_v and_o heat_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o light_n be_v not_o first_o receive_v into_o it_o and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o gather_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o auicen_n conceit_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o difficulty_n about_o the_o eye_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o book_n and_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o his_o topic_n say_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o any_o species_n depend_v upon_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la see_v therefore_o that_o definition_n why_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n must_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n the_o voice_n be_v a_o certain_a species_n of_o sound_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o offspring_n propagate_v there_o from_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o it_o savour_v much_o of_o his_o original_n and_o beginning_n wherefore_o before_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o voice_n which_o be_v the_o most_o particular_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o we_o praemise_v somewhat_o concern_v the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n in_o general_a for_o by_o that_o mean_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n i_o mean_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v will_v be_v better_o guide_v and_o perfect_v wherefore_o we_o will_v first_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n second_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n three_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o last_o we_o will_v unfold_v some_o difficulty_n which_o may_v otherwise_o breed_v scruple_n in_o us._n i_o know_v well_o that_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o plain_a way_n of_o teach_v be_v to_o begin_v with_o a_o definition_n but_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v as_o we_o say_v eus_fw-la fluxum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o a_o be_v as_o be_v then_o only_a existent_n while_o it_o be_v a_o do_v and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o generation_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o generation_n or_o manner_n of_o production_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o definition_n will_v be_v better_o understand_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n when_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n begin_v his_o treatise_n at_o the_o manner_n of_o production_n &_o so_o will_v we_o insist_v in_o his_o footstep_n which_o although_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o yet_o we_o will_v a_o far_o off_o adore_v as_o therefore_o no_o sound_n be_v make_v without_o two_o body_n mutual_o impeach_v or_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o as_o even_o our_o sight_n and_o hear_v do_v sufficient_o teach_v we_o so_o our_o medium_n 3._o thing_n require_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n two_o body_n a_o medium_n mind_n also_o may_v conceive_v that_o without_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v not_o only_o the_o medium_n wherein_o a_o concussion_n be_v make_v but_o also_o the_o material_a cause_n have_v in_o it_o a_o power_n of_o sound_v material_o there_o can_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o by_o the_o concussion_n of_o those_o body_n be_v produce_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o medium_n or_o three_o body_n which_o must_v come_v between_o in_o the_o collission_n of_o 2._o hard_a body_n which_o make_v a_o sound_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v if_o two_o body_n meet_v one_o of_o they_o must_v move_v and_o apply_v unto_o the_o other_o now_o we_o know_v that_o motion_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o medium_n again_o that_o this_o medium_n or_o three_o body_n must_v have_v the_o faculty_n of_o sound_v material_o therein_o be_v prove_v because_o though_o two_o body_n offend_v one_o against_o another_o yet_o if_o they_o be_v sharp_a or_o soft_a they_o make_v little_a or_o no_o sound_n at_o all_o so_o a_o needle_n against_o a_o needle_n wool_n against_o wool_n do_v not_o sound_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o be_v because_o there_o be_v no_o quantity_n of_o this_o intermediate_v matter_n to_o make_v a_o impression_n off_o the_o second_o because_o though_o there_o be_v a_o collission_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o resistance_n moreover_o thing_n that_o be_v unequal_a or_o rugged_a do_v not_o sound_v well_o neither_o do_v a_o medium_n many_o instance_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_n plain_a thing_n make_v a_o full_a sound_n for_o the_o more_o cavity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o body_n that_o be_v beat_v so_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n that_o be_v offer_v the_o more_o resonant_n be_v the_o sound_n add_v hereto_o that_o sometime_o though_o the_o collision_n be_v with_o great_a violence_n yet_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o so_o loud_o for_o two_o block_n beat_v together_o will_v not_o make_v so_o loud_a a_o sound_n as_o a_o little_a bell_n and_o when_o a_o new_a piece_n of_o cloth_n be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o the_o rash_a be_v loud_a than_o if_o two_o hard_a body_n shall_v enterfaire_n one_o against_o another_o all_o these_o instance_n do_v manifest_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o three_o thing_n requisite_a unto_o the_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n which_o be_v also_o the_o matter_n thereof_o this_o three_o intermediate_v body_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o concussion_n be_v make_v be_v it_o air_n or_o water_n or_o fire_n for_o those_o three_o be_v not_o only_o fit_a for_o the_o transvection_n of_o sound_n but_o have_v also_o in_o they_o the_o matter_n whereof_o it_o be_v form_v although_o not_o in_o a_o equal_a degree_n in_o concussion_n therefore_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o medium_n or_o power_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v actuate_v when_o it_o be_v intercept_v and_o break_v between_o two_o body_n offend_v one_o against_o another_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o interception_n or_o fraction_n be_v thus_o when_o two_o body_n strike_v one_o against_o another_o that_o which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o be_v so_o vehement_o drive_v that_o one_o part_n of_o it_o can_v orderly_o fraction_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o fraction_n move_v by_o succession_n after_o another_o but_o rather_o one_o part_v prevent_v another_o and_o before_o the_o first_o part_n have_v part_v from_o the_o place_n another_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o motion_n which_o when_o it_o be_v successive_o make_v be_v gentle_a and_o easy_a become_v now_o byreason_n of_o this_o inordinate_a violence_n tumultuary_a and_o troublesome_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o soft_a &_o acute_a body_n make_v no_o sound_n in_o their_o collision_n because_o the_o stroke_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o do_v not_o so_o disparkle_v or_o divide_v the_o intermediate_v body_n that_o there_o shall_v follow_v upon_o it_o any_o interception_n or_o fraction_n whereby_o the_o successive_a dissipation_n may_v be_v prevent_v unequal_a body_n because_o instance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o former_a instance_n in_o their_o hollow_a and_o depress_a part_n they_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o it_o be_v into_o parcel_n do_v yield_v a_o lesser_a sound_n those_o that_o be_v hollow_a because_o they_o gather_v and_o close_v more_o air_n which_o be_v confuse_o shuffle_v and_o beat_v part_n upon_o part_n do_v yield_v a_o great_a and_o strong_a resonance_n two_o block_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o do_v not_o sound_v so_o loud_o the_o reasonis_n because_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o so_o smart_a a_o bell_n and_o a_o clapper_n because_o of_o their_o hardness_n and_o polish_a superficies_n do_v break_v the_o air_n more_o sudden_o and_o thorough_o and_o so_o beget_v a_o loud_a and_o brisk_a sound_n a_o new_a cloth_n when_o it_o be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o rash_v loud_a than_o the_o percussion_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n because_o the_o air_n which_o be_v about_o it_o be_v diverse_o distract_v into_o many_o part_n where_o the_o many_o thread_n be_v tear_v a_o sunder_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o a_o sound_n be_v make_v when_o as_o two_o body_n offend_v
creature_n can_v have_v move_v local_o to_o gather_v his_o phantasm_n out_o of_o diverse_a object_n as_o the_o bee_n fly_v from_o one_o flower_n to_o another_o to_o gather_v honey_n and_o therefore_o nature_n ordain_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o motion_n the_o muscle_n the_o tendon_n and_o the_o nerve_n these_o unless_o we_o shall_v have_v crawl_v upon_o the_o earth_n like_o worm_n do_v necessary_o require_v prop_n and_o supporter_n to_o confirm_v and_o establish_v they_o whereupon_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o gristle_n be_v ordain_v and_o ligament_n also_o to_o knit_v and_o swath_n they_o together_o now_o all_o of_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o perpetual_a influence_n of_o heat_n to_o quicken_v they_o and_o of_o nourishment_n to_o sustain_v they_o both_o which_o be_v supply_v the_o former_a from_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o artery_n the_o latter_a from_o the_o liver_n by_o the_o vein_n so_o that_o truth_n to_o say_v there_o be_v no_o other_o end_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o all_o the_o part_n and_o power_n of_o the_o body_n but_o only_o for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o brain_n it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o the_o brain_n can_v accomplish_v his_o function_n without_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o influence_n of_o his_o heat_n i_o answer_v that_o that_o be_v a_o invincible_a argument_n answer_n objection_n answer_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o end_n for_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v ordain_v be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o thing_n ordain_v for_o that_o end_n the_o life_n therefore_o and_o the_o heart_n be_v but_o handmaid_n to_o the_o brain_n we_o will_v add_v also_o this_o argument_n which_o happy_o will_v seem_v not_o incompetent_a the_o brain_n give_v figure_n unto_o the_o whole_a body_n for_o the_o head_n be_v make_v only_o for_o the_o brain_n how_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n depend_v upon_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o head_n not_o that_o all_o the_o bone_n derive_v their_o original_n from_o the_o head_n but_o because_o it_o behoove_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o proportionable_o answerable_a to_o the_o bone_n to_o which_o they_o be_v articulate_v as_o the_o leg_n to_o the_o thigh_n the_o thigh_n to_o the_o haunch_n the_o haunch_n to_o the_o holy_a bone_n the_o holy_a bone_n to_o the_o spondle_n or_o rack_n bone_n the_o rack_n bone_n to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n and_o that_o to_o the_o brain_n for_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o argument_n before_o urge_v by_o the_o peripatetian_o and_o the_o stoic_n we_o say_v that_o the_o etymon_n or_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v but_o frivolous_a &_o not_o worthy_a answer_v the_o former_a argument_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n &_o stoic_n answer_v the_o stand_n upon_o for_o the_o scite_fw-la of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o midst_n it_o do_v weigh_v tantundem_fw-la as_o much_o as_o nothing_o neither_o indeed_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o true_a for_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o navel_n be_v the_o centre_n and_o for_o the_o trunk_n or_o bulk_n who_o ever_o say_v that_o be_v a_o anatomist_n the_o heart_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o but_o if_o we_o will_v draw_v a_o argument_n of_o dignity_n from_o the_o situation_n retort_v the_o argument_n retort_v then_o will_v the_o true_a superiority_n fall_v to_o the_o brain_n because_o it_o be_v place_v uppermost_a as_o the_o fire_n above_o the_o inferior_a element_n the_o high_a heaven_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bless_a soul_n above_o the_o subject_a orb_n for_o to_o be_v place_v above_o be_v high_a superiority_n and_o praeeminence_n to_o be_v thrust_v down_o below_o betoken_v base_a subjection_n and_o inferiority_n as_o for_o that_o place_n of_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n exposition_n of_o hypocrates_n where_o he_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n either_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a or_o else_o by_o the_o soul_n he_o mean_v the_o heat_n as_o happy_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o of_o the_o principal_a part_n the_o first_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o brain_n the_o next_o to_o the_o heart_n the_o last_o to_o the_o liver_n again_o in_o the_o oeconomie_n or_o order_n of_o the_o part_n this_o rule_n be_v observe_v that_o those_o which_o be_v first_o in_o order_n part_n a_o rule_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o nature_n be_v last_o in_o dignity_n and_o excellency_n so_o the_o infant_n first_o live_v the_o life_n of_o a_o plant_n then_o like_o a_o beast_n it_o move_v and_o become_v sensible_a final_o it_o receive_v its_o perfection_n when_o it_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n as_o have_v then_o the_o last_o hand_n and_o consummation_n from_o the_o creator_n when_o he_o set_v his_o stamp_n or_o image_n upon_o it_o galen_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o method_n compare_v the_o dignity_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o three_o principal_a part_n one_o with_o another_o in_o these_o word_n the_o dignity_n galen_n galen_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v very_o great_a and_o in_o sick_a patient_n his_o action_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n part_n a_o conference_n of_o the_o dignity_n &_o necessity_n of_o the_o principal_a part_n the_o brain_n be_v of_o equal_a moment_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n yet_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o action_n be_v not_o so_o immediate_o necessary_a in_o those_o that_o be_v disease_v for_o their_o recovery_n the_o action_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v as_o necessary_a as_o either_o of_o they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n but_o yet_o for_o present_v &_o immediate_a sustentation_n of_o life_n it_o be_v not_o so_o instant_o necessary_a as_o both_o the_o former_a to_o conclude_v this_o question_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a principle_n one_o of_o beginning_n another_o of_o dignity_n a_o three_o of_o necessity_n the_o parenchyma_n or_o flesh_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v the_o original_a principle_n the_o brain_n be_v comparison_n the_o decision_n of_o the_o whole_a question_n a_o three_o fold_v principle_n comparison_n the_o most_o noble_a principle_n and_o the_o heart_n of_o most_o necessity_n yet_o they_o all_o have_v such_o a_o mutual_a connexion_n and_o conspiration_n that_o each_o need_v other_o assistance_n and_o if_o one_o of_o they_o decay_v the_o rest_n do_v forthwith_o perish_v even_o as_o in_o a_o well_o govern_v city_n or_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v a_o wise_a senate_n to_o guide_v it_o a_o stout_a and_o valorous_a strength_n of_o soldier_n to_o defend_v and_o redeem_v it_o and_o a_o infinite_a multiplicity_n of_o trade_n and_o occupation_n to_o maintain_v and_o support_v it_o all_o which_o though_o they_o be_v distinguish_v in_o office_n and_o place_n do_v yet_o consent_v in_o one_o and_o conspire_v together_o for_o their_o mutual_a preservation_n and_o this_o conspiration_n galen_n express_v galen_n galen_n to_o the_o life_n in_o his_o book_n deformatione_fw-la foetus_fw-la and_o the_o five_o chap._n thus_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v deprive_v part_n the_o mutual_a conspiration_n of_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o respiration_n it_o cease_v to_o move_v &_o immediate_o death_n ensue_v now_o it_o be_v deprive_v of_o respiration_n when_o the_o nerve_n which_o come_v from_o the_o brain_n be_v either_o cut_v or_o obstruct_v or_o intercept_v as_o therefore_o the_o heart_n need_v the_o help_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v forsake_v by_o it_o make_v a_o divorce_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o body_n so_o it_o also_o make_v retribution_n to_o the_o brain_n supply_v it_o with_o spirit_n of_o life_n out_o of_o which_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v extract_v and_o the_o liver_n though_o it_o lie_v below_o yet_o it_o yield_v matter_n to_o they_o both_o whereof_o and_o whereby_o their_o spirit_n be_v make_v and_o sustain_v but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o consent_n of_o these_o principal_a part_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a place_n of_o galens_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la which_o need_v to_o be_v clear_v galen_n objection_n galen_n before_o we_o fall_v from_o this_o discourse_n for_o he_o say_v as_o pulsation_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n belong_v to_o diverse_a kind_n of_o motion_n so_o neither_o of_o those_o principle_n need_v the_o help_n one_o of_o another_o which_o place_n we_o interpret_v thus_o that_o the_o hart_n do_v not_o transmit_v the_o animal_n faculty_n to_o the_o expound_v a_o hard_a place_n in_o galen_n expound_v brain_n nor_o the_o brain_n the_o faculty_n of_o pulsation_n to_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o temper_n and_o form_n of_o the_o faculty_n be_v diverse_a and_o therefore_o the_o heart_n confer_v nothing_o to_o
therefore_o of_o the_o cover_n or_o head_n be_v in_o stead_n of_o cold_a to_o the_o boil_a water_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o melancholy_a man_n their_o hot_a and_o boil_a entrail_n raise_v vapour_n which_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o skin_n which_o be_v less_o hot_a than_o the_o entrail_n be_v gather_v and_o thicken_v much_o why_o melancholy_a man_n sweat_v much_o into_o sweat_n so_o the_o breathe_a vapour_n of_o all_o the_o low_a part_n be_v raise_v into_o a_o hot_a brain_n which_o yet_o be_v less_o hot_a than_o the_o low_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o water_n &_o fall_v down_o in_o rheum_n gout_n and_o such_o like_a as_o for_o this_o manner_n therefore_o we_o say_v that_o fat_a curdle_n by_o cold_a that_o be_v by_o a_o lesser_a heat_n than_o will_v melt_v it_o so_o we_o say_v the_o brain_n be_v cold_a that_o be_v less_o hot_a although_o it_o be_v hot_a as_o we_o have_v say_v than_o the_o air_n can_v be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n that_o summer_n air_n or_o hot_a gleam_n we_o call_v hot_a and_o so_o they_o be_v yet_o be_v they_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o by_o it_o be_v a_o fieryheat_n that_o we_o live_v by_o fire_n yea_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n the_o heart_n by_o they_o be_v refrigerated_a for_o our_o life_n be_v proportionable_a to_o fire_n and_o it_o be_v a_o true_a rule_n in_o metaphysic_n that_o be_v in_o logic_n argument_n mean_n be_v contrary_a to_o their_o extreme_n answer_v to_o the_o former_a argument_n that_o mean_n be_v contrary_a to_o their_o extreme_n else_o shall_v not_o liberality_n which_o be_v a_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o covetousness_n and_o prodigality_n which_o be_v the_o extreme_n and_o vice_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o first_o determine_v we_o will_v now_o answer_v the_o argument_n urge_v against_o us._n first_o we_o deny_v that_o all_o concretion_n or_o coagulation_n be_v do_v by_o actual_a cold_n for_o as_o it_o be_v say_v lead_v yet_o fiery_a hot_a will_v congeal_v and_o whereas_o fat_a grow_v to_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v the_o hot_a of_o all_o the_o part_n we_o answer_v that_o herein_o be_v a_o great_a document_n of_o the_o wonderful_a nature_n the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o nature_n and_o provident_a wisdom_n of_o nature_n who_o have_v thus_o provide_v least_o in_o perpetual_a motion_n the_o hart_n shall_v gather_v so_o great_a a_o heat_n as_o shall_v waste_v &_o consume_v it_o for_o which_o cause_n also_o say_v hippo._n it_o lie_v in_o water_n much_o like_o urine_n that_o it_o may_v ever_o be_v fresh_a &_o as_o it_o be_v flourish_v chrysippus_n that_o notable_a stoic_a in_o his_o book_n of_o providence_n say_v that_o the_o final_a cause_n overcom_v both_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n in_o natural_a thing_n and_o aristotle_n against_o democritus_n nature_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a in_o work_n of_o nature_n say_v that_o in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n the_o end_n be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a cause_n for_o it_o move_v the_o other_o cause_n itself_o be_v immovable_a i_o know_v that_o our_o adversary_n will_v object_v that_o nature_n indevour_v nothing_o against_o her_o own_o law_n she_o shall_v therefore_o have_v make_v the_o heart_n temperate_a but_o let_v i_o retort_v their_o own_o weapon_n against_o they_o nature_n shall_v have_v make_v the_o heart_n original_o temperate_a that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o breathe_v cold_a air_n how_o absurd_a this_o opposition_n against_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o man_n but_o see_v for_o the_o heart_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v create_v very_o hot_a because_o in_o it_o be_v the_o hearth_n and_o fire_n whereby_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o all_o the_o part_n be_v preserve_v and_o refresh_v if_o they_o think_v not_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o heart_n necessary_a let_v they_o remember_v that_o it_o grow_v not_o in_o the_o ventricle_n nor_o in_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v part_n less_o hot_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o some_o there_o be_v which_o add_v further_a that_o this_o fat_a be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o heart_n because_o it_o keep_v always_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o circumscription_n and_o be_v not_o melt_v by_o fire_n but_o rather_o torrifi_v for_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n we_o say_v they_o have_v no_o fat_a because_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o it_o yea_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v the_o breathe_n out_o of_o the_o smoky_a vapour_n by_o his_o clamminesse_n brain_n why_o there_o be_v no_o fat_a in_o or_o about_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o brain_n like_o a_o cup_a glass_n draw_v continual_o and_o suck_v up_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o inferior_a part_n to_o which_o if_o the_o comb-like_a suture_n of_o the_o skull_n do_v not_o gape_v and_o give_v way_n the_o brain_n will_v be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v drink_v with_o their_o abundant_a moisture_n beside_o fat_a will_v have_v hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o brain_n for_o it_o move_v perpetual_o as_o the_o pulse_n do_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n wherefore_o in_o the_o brain_n there_o want_v the_o final_a cause_n of_o fat._n the_o material_a cause_n be_v also_o want_v because_o there_o be_v require_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o blood_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o for_o the_o generation_n of_o animal_n spirit_n it_o behove_v not_o therefore_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v convert_v into_o fat_n old_a man_n and_o those_o that_o be_v melancholy_a be_v seldom_o fat_a because_o the_o material_a cause_n of_o it_o be_v want_v for_o they_o be_v too_o dry_a the_o fat_a of_o the_o lean_a why_o melancholy_a man_n be_v lean_a kidney_n compass_v not_o the_o flesh_n but_o their_o membrane_n only_o aristotle_n say_v that_o both_o kidney_n be_v fat_a but_o the_o right_n less_o than_o the_o left_a because_o it_o be_v the_o hot_a and_o whether_o the_o fat_a be_v a_o live_a part_n we_o shall_v dispute_v in_o our_o next_o exercise_n 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the_o image_n of_o the_o sound_n unto_o the_o brain_n as_o unto_o their_o competent_a judge_n and_o censor_n say_v laurentius_n but_o from_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o four_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o depart_v a_o very_a chord_n the_o chord_n small_a surcle_n which_o with_o a_o wind_a passage_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n near_o the_o bony_a canal_n which_o go_v to_o the_o palate_n than_o it_o cleave_v oblique_o to_o the_o tympane_n and_o after_o to_o the_o hammer_n above_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o proceed_v on_o perforate_v the_o stony_a bone_n in_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o hear_n then_o a_o little_a reflect_v it_o creep_v eustachius_n eustachius_n downward_o till_o it_o meet_v and_o join_v itself_o with_o a_o small_a and_o hard_a branch_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n this_o eustachius_n call_v a_o nerve_n other_o call_v it_o the_o chord_n or_o thread_n which_o say_v they_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n but_o whence_o it_o arise_v and_o whither_o it_o will_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o nerve_n or_o a_o artery_n they_o free_o confess_v that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n galen_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n determine_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v lucid_a or_o bright_a that_o of_o the_o hear_n acreall_a that_o of_o the_o smell_v vaporous_a that_o of_o the_o taste_n moist_a and_o that_o of_o the_o touch_v earthy_a wherefore_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o hear_n be_v airy_a or_o like_v unto_o air_n we_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o man_n body_n take_v the_o generate_v the_o object_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n plato_n how_o this_o air_n be_v generate_v word_n part_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n which_o imitate_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o air_n this_o 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which_o may_v be_v prove_v because_o all_o the_o den_n contain_v where_o contain_v and_o cavity_n except_v the_o first_o in_o which_o be_v the_o small_a bone_n the_o muscle_n &_o the_o chord_n be_v empty_a see_v therefore_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n no_o vacuity_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o empty_a cavity_n must_v be_v full_a of_o air_n this_o air_n be_v thin_a pure_a without_o any_o sound_n at_o all_o immoovable_a plentiful_a &_o separate_v air_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o air_n from_o the_o external_a air_n thin_a &_o pure_a that_o it_o may_v more_o ready_o and_o more_o perfect_o admit_v any_o external_a sound_n for_o through_o a_o crass_a and_o cloudy_a air_n the_o sound_n be_v not_o so_o free_o carry_v but_o hear_v with_o more_o difficulty_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n voice_n in_o winter_n be_v base_a problem_n pure_a arist_n problem_n than_o in_o summer_n because_o as_o say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o the_o 17._o problem_n of_o the_o 11._o section_n both_o the_o 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will_v have_v be_v imperfect_a and_o the_o instrument_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v vitiate_a which_o aristotle_n prove_v by_o a_o instance_n in_o those_o instance_n aristotle_n instance_n that_o yaw_n in_o the_o 29_o problem_n of_o the_o 11._o section_n and_o in_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n for_o when_o we_o yawn_v we_o can_v hear_v so_o distinctlie_o because_o yawn_v why_o we_o can_v hear_v well_o when_o we_o yawn_v much_o of_o the_o air_n we_o breathe_v forth_o get_v into_o the_o ear_n insomuch_o that_o we_o may_v sensible_o perceyve_v the_o motion_n thereof_o for_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n resist_v the_o occursation_n of_o the_o outward_a there_o arise_v a_o noise_n in_o the_o ear_n which_o noise_n as_o also_o the_o circumaction_n or_o
it_o may_v hinder_v the_o respiration_n and_o hurt_v the_o organ_n yet_o a_o odour_n may_v be_v perceive_v without_o a_o mean_a whereupon_o when_o we_o will_v smell_v any_o thing_n perfect_o we_o hold_v our_o nose_n close_o to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o smell_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o those_o sense_n which_o need_v a_o mean_a and_o those_o which_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o taste_v also_o though_o it_o be_v make_v by_o contaction_n yet_o require_v necessary_o a_o humidity_n none_o taste_v and_o touch_v none_o which_o may_v bring_v the_o sapour_n out_o of_o power_n into_o act_n but_o touch_v have_v need_n of_o nothing_o save_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o tactile_a body_n be_v perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o mean_o and_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v plain_a what_o we_o may_v determine_v of_o this_o question_n qvest._n xix_o what_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v and_o of_o what_o kind_n after_o we_o know_v which_o of_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n to_o find_v out_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la be_v &_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o herein_o we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v always_o to_o be_v present_a lest_o when_o all_o thing_n else_o requisite_a for_o sense_n be_v fit_o dispose_v yet_o for_o fault_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la we_o be_v make_v less_o able_a to_o perform_v this_o act_n of_o sensation_n wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o who_o interposition_n we_o perceive_v be_v not_o fire_n for_o this_o be_v not_o always_o air_n fire_n be_v not_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o air_n at_o hand_n but_o air_n for_o this_o do_v always_o encompass_v we_o about_o it_o be_v always_o present_a in_o it_o we_o lead_v our_o life_n second_o this_o medium_n shall_v always_o consist_v in_o a_o middle_a place_n betwixt_o the_o organ_n medium_fw-la 2._o reason_n why_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o object_n for_o hence_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o perform_v his_o office_n but_o there_o be_v no_o element_n which_o be_v continual_o contiguous_a with_o our_o organ_n but_o the_o air_n three_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o medium_n be_v void_a of_o all_o sensible_a quality_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v bring_v the_o object_n adulterate_v or_o defile_v to_o the_o organ_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n with_o a_o proper_a quality_n of_o medium_fw-la the_o condition_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la his_o own_o wherefore_o no_o compound_a body_n be_v fit_a for_o this_o function_n because_o all_o compound_a thing_n be_v sensible_a of_o themselves_o if_o you_o object_n that_o there_o be_v no_o element_n exquisite_o pure_a and_o that_o therefore_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v a_o fit_a medium_n be_v themselves_o sensible_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o no_o element_n air_n agree_v with_o no_o element_n except_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o be_v perfect_o pure_a yet_o that_o air_n that_o be_v near_o we_o wherein_o we_o live_v do_v exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o purity_n and_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o quality_n except_o tactile_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n except_o the_o touch._n and_o be_v there_o then_o one_o medium_n serve_v to_o all_o the_o sense_n yea_o for_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v infer_v from_o the_o former_a premise_n to_o wit_n because_o this_o alone_a be_v most_o pure_a and_o be_v always_o present_a with_o we_o this_o alone_a be_v continual_o in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n this_o be_v always_o close_o adjoin_v and_o touch_v both_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n the_o air_n therefore_o alone_o serve_v for_o a_o medium_n to_o the_o sight_n as_o it_o be_v traculent_a to_o the_o hear_v as_o it_o be_v sound_v to_o the_o smell_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o odour_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v the_o only_a mean_a of_o the_o sense_n than_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n have_v no_o sense_n i_o answer_v that_o for_o their_o sight_n the_o water_n serve_v for_o a_o medium_n but_o other_o sense_n they_o have_v none_o say_v placentinus_n save_v their_o taste_n and_o touch_v and_o these_o two_o have_v need_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o they_o have_v these_o sense_n also_o but_o imperfect_a but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o more_o instant_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o grant_v they_o may_v hear_v but_o most_o imperfect_o and_o for_o such_o imperfect_a sensation_n the_o water_n serve_v in_o steed_n of_o a_o medium_n but_o we_o speak_v here_o of_o perfect_a sensation_n where_o as_o the_o sensation_n of_o fish_n be_v not_o simple_o perfect_a but_o only_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n to_o wit_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o it_o last_o this_o condition_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v require_v to_o the_o perfect_a performance_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o spacious_a or_o ample_a and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o narrow_a or_o little_a but_o what_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o extent_n of_o this_o medium_n that_o be_v how_o far_o or_o wide_o it_o ought_v to_o extend_v diverse_a the_o termination_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v diverse_a itself_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v determine_v for_o this_o limit_n or_o extent_n must_v almost_o infinite_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o magnitude_n paruity_n and_o vehemency_n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o vigour_n &_o strength_n or_o imbecility_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o we_o do_v not_o discern_v mountain_n city_n and_o whole_a country_n but_o a_o far_o off_o and_o lesser_a thing_n we_o do_v not_o see_v except_o they_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n so_o we_o do_v not_o perfect_o and_o without_o offence_n to_o the_o organ_n hear_v a_o vehement_a sound_n except_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o object_n nor_o a_o low_a voice_n except_o we_o be_v near_o unto_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v of_o the_o rest_n qvest._n xx._n what_o a_o object_n be_v a_o object_n or_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v a_o quality_n which_o move_v the_o organ_n and_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n and_o although_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v twofold_a a_o object_n be_v twofold_a two_o fold_n proper_a or_o common_a yet_o i_o conceive_v this_o definition_n to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o proper_a object_n unless_o haply_o it_o may_v agree_v to_o some_o of_o the_o common_a &_o therefore_o we_o will_v several_o define_v they_o both_o proper_a object_n therefore_o as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v be_v what_o a_o proper_a object_n be_v perceive_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o about_o which_o the_o sense_n in_o discern_a be_v not_o deceive_v and_o this_o definition_n by_o itself_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v for_o in_o that_o sometime_o the_o sense_n err_v about_o their_o proper_a object_n it_o happen_v not_o of_o themselves_o but_o from_o some_o accident_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o depravation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v concur_v to_o this_o sensation_n as_o for_o example_n when_o all_o thing_n appear_v yellow_a to_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o jaundice_n this_o happen_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v taint_v with_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o choler_n and_o when_o aguish_a man_n do_v judge_v sweet_a thing_n to_o be_v bitter_a it_o come_v also_o from_o choler_n where_o with_o the_o tongue_n be_v affect_v and_o that_o be_v object_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o deceive_v about_o his_o object_n from_o event_n &_o accident_n not_o from_o the_o proper_a condition_n of_o the_o sense_n wherefore_o see_v that_o when_o such_o impediment_n or_o let_n be_v remoove_v and_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o organ_n be_v natural_o dispose_v the_o sense_n can_v be_v deceive_v about_o his_o proper_a object_n it_o be_v by_o good_a right_n thus_o absolute_o define_v for_o the_o number_n of_o these_o object_n they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o be_v the_o sense_n for_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n sound_v of_o hear_v odour_n of_o smell_a sapour_n of_o taste_v and_o tactile_a quality_n be_v how_o many_o proper_a object_n there_o be_v of_o touch_v common_a object_n be_v those_o which_o be_v perceive_v not_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o but_o of_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o which_o aristotle_n teach_v very_o well_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la be_v what_o a_o common_a object_n be_v
to_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n they_o be_v not_o stiff_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v fiery_a but_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o his_o problem_n because_o they_o be_v environ_v with_o abundance_n of_o fat_a which_o fat_a though_o it_o stiff_a why_o not_o stiff_a have_v for_o his_o efficient_a cause_n a_o defect_n or_o weakness_n of_o heat_n yet_o not_o withstand_v by_o his_o reflection_n it_o do_v augment_v the_o heat_n and_o by_o his_o sliminesse_n do_v hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n which_o beat_v upon_o they_o to_o these_o we_o join_v the_o plenty_n of_o animal_n spirit_n and_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n qvest._n xxv_o wherefore_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o organ_n must_v be_v devoyde_a of_o any_o quality_n lest_o all_o thing_n shall_v savour_n of_o that_o same_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n but_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o sight_n they_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v colour_v for_o if_o they_o be_v all_o thing_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n for_o all_o thing_n appear_v red_a to_o those_o that_o labour_n of_o a_o inflammation_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o have_v the_o blood_n collect_v in_o they_o by_o a_o blow_n or_o stripe_n or_o otherwise_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o jaundice_n because_o their_o eye_n be_v colour_v with_o yellow_a choler_n do_v see_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v yellow_a on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v colour_v even_o our_o own_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o for_o some_o man_n be_v walleyed_n some_o man_n eye_n black_a some_o man_n sky-coloured_a and_o other_o greenish_a and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n we_o answer_v according_a to_o aristotle_n that_o the_o name_n of_o colour_n be_v sometime_o colour_n a_o double_a acceptation_n of_o colour_n use_v more_o large_o sometime_o more_o strict_o in_o this_o large_a signification_n all_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v see_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v so_o translucent_a thing_n though_o that_o can_v limit_v or_o determine_v the_o sight_n yet_o be_v they_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n of_o colour_n call_v the_o air_n white_a and_o the_o fire_n red_a but_o there_o be_v another_o acception_n of_o colour_n more_o strict_a whereby_o it_o be_v define_v thus_o a_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o a_o terminate_v pellucide_n body_n in_o the_o first_o signification_n the_o whole_a eye_n be_v colour_v all_o his_o part_n be_v colour_v because_o they_o be_v aspectible_a and_o may_v be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o latter_a signification_n only_o the_o coniunctive_a colour_v how_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v and_o grapy_a coat_n be_v true_o colour_v for_o the_o adnata_fw-la be_v white_a the_o grapy_n be_v diverse_o colour_v black_a blue_a and_o grass-green_a to_o recollect_v the_o spirit_n that_o be_v before_o dissipate_v or_o disperse_v that_o it_o may_v break_v the_o splendour_n of_o the_o externallight_n and_o that_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n may_v be_v as_o it_o be_v refresh_v with_o that_o colour_n as_o with_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o vision_n which_o receive_v the_o species_n of_o visible_a thing_n and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o colour_a but_o bright_a and_o lucide_n only_o now_o light_a and_o perspicuity_n or_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o visible_a species_n which_o help_v the_o reception_n of_o these_o species_n aristotle_n have_v observe_v in_o lib._n 5._o chap._n 1._o de_fw-la generate_fw-la animal_n which_o also_o pliny_n repeat_v in_o lib._n 2._o cap._n â—7_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o only_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v of_o manifold_a &_o diverse_a colour_n in_o other_o creature_n the_o eye_n be_v all_o alike_o according_a to_o their_o kind_n so_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o ox_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n of_o sheep_n watery_a of_o other_o creature_n red_a except_v a_o horse_n which_o be_v sometime_o wall_n eye_v but_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v diverse_o colour_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n some_o be_v extreme_a some_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n the_o extreme_a colour_n be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n galen_n and_o avicen_n two_o namely_o the_o whitish_a or_o wall_n colour_n eye_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o black_a this_o wall-colour_n be_v somewhat_o whitish_a and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 5._o book_n de_fw-la gener_fw-la animal_n and_o galen_n cap._n 27._o artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o wall-colour_n to_o black_a this_o caesius_n or_o wall-coloured_n the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o night-owle_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o eye_n shine_v with_o a_o greenish_a whiteness_n some_o do_v confound_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o though_o either_o colour_n do_v somewhat_o tend_v to_o green_a yet_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o wal-coloured_n do_v approach_n near_o to_o white_a &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a unto_o red._n aristotle_n in_o his_o physiognomy_n of_o the_o eye_n affirm_v this_o wall-colour_n in_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o fearful_a man_n but_o this_o tawny_a colour_n of_o a_o bold_a and_o stout_a courage_n therefore_o the_o eye_n of_o lion_n and_o eagle_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a but_o the_o eye_n of_o old_a man_n and_o child_n to_o be_v wall_n colour_v either_o colour_n do_v shine_v but_o that_o brightness_n which_o be_v in_o wall_n eye_n be_v more_o white_a like_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o fish_n in_o tawny_a eye_n the_o splendour_n be_v fiery_a as_o it_o be_v in_o burn_a coal_n the_o intermediate_v or_o mix_v colour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diverse_a mixture_n of_o the_o extreme_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n according_a empedocles_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n empedocles_n to_o the_o diversity_n of_o man_n empedocles_n compose_v the_o eye_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n wherefore_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o wall-colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o predominance_n of_o the_o fire_n &_o the_o black_a from_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n aristotle_n in_o his_o five_o book_n degeneratione_n animalium_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o humour_n which_o he_o do_v illustrate_v by_o this_o example_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o we_o look_v into_o a_o deep_a water_n or_o into_o thick_a air_n they_o will_v both_o seem_v aristotle_n aristotle_n black_a and_o obscure_a but_o if_o either_o of_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o thin_a the_o colour_n will_v appear_v tawny_a and_o splendent_a the_o blackness_n therefore_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v from_o the_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n of_o humour_n the_o wall_n eye_n be_v from_o the_o paucity_n and_o scarsenesse_n auerrhoe_n think_v that_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o eye_n proceed_v from_o coldness_n because_o auerrhoe_n auerrhoe_n for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o white_a thing_n be_v cold_a as_o the_o brain_n the_o fat_a the_o marrow_n the_o bone_n the_o membrane_n and_o blackness_n from_o heat_n galen_n in_o the_o 27_o chapter_n artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n splendour_n opinion_n galens_n opinion_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o crystalline_a and_o watery_a humour_n for_o say_v he_o a_o wall_n eye_n come_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n or_o splendour_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o because_o of_o the_o prominent_a &_o bunch_v situation_n and_o also_o the_o paucity_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o thin_a and_o watery_a humour_n but_o a_o black_a eye_n come_v either_o from_o the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o from_o the_o over-deepe_a situation_n of_o it_o or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o exquisite_o splendid_a and_o clear_a or_o because_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v too_o abundant_a and_o yet_o not_o altogether_o pure_a thus_o far_o galen_n avicen_n refer_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o grapie_a coat_n which_o as_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n it_o be_v diverse_o colour_a itself_o so_o it_o do_v produce_v diverse_a colour_n in_o the_o eye_n a_o black_a coat_n cause_v black_a colour_n as_o a_o bluish_a coat_n a_o colour_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o his_o opinion_n do_v vesalius_n follow_v but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o may_v reconcile_v the_o different_a opinion_n of_o so_o grave_a author_n we_o do_v acknowledge_v
kind_n of_o darkness_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o no_o colour_n at_o all_o notwithstanding_o they_o prove_v that_o colour_n do_v agree_v unto_o the_o element_n &_o objection_n objection_n especial_o simple_a colour_n as_o white_a and_o black_a because_o they_o be_v simple_a and_o as_o a_o mix_a body_n be_v make_v of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n so_o say_v they_o from_o the_o mixtion_n of_o white_a and_o black_a mix_v colour_n be_v generate_v and_o this_o be_v their_o argument_n that_o which_o agree_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o participation_n do_v also_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o essence_n but_o both_o extreme_a colour_n and_o those_o which_o be_v intermix_v do_v agree_v unto_o mix_a body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o element_n whence_o they_o conclude_v resolution_n resolution_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o simple_a colour_n that_o be_v white_z and_o black_a do_v essential_o agree_v unto_o the_o element_n to_o which_o we_o will_v answer_v by_o deny_v the_o mayor_n proposition_n for_o many_o thing_n do_v belong_v to_o a_o body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o another_o which_o may_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o that_o body_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o consider_v so_o to_o the_o element_n which_o be_v here_o with_o we_o very_o turbulent_a and_o confuse_a many_o thing_n do_v agree_v which_o no_o man_n of_o understanding_n dare_v assign_v unto_o the_o simple_a and_o sincere_a element_n as_o for_o example_n our_o fire_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kindle_v and_o flame_a smoke_n be_v colour_v perspicuous_a and_o bright_a yet_o the_o elementary_a fire_n we_o imagine_v to_o be_v pure_a &_o most_o subtle_a from_o which_o as_o from_o a_o fountain_n we_o do_v flow_v yet_o have_v none_o of_o these_o gross_a quality_n which_o our_o fire_n have_v for_o be_v exceed_o subtle_a &_o fine_a it_o have_v no_o solid_a substance_n admix_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o affect_v with_o any_o colour_n neither_o be_v it_o lucid_a and_o transparent_a for_o colour_n consist_v in_o such_o a_o body_n as_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o light_n do_v not_o shine_v in_o a_o subtle_a and_o thin_a body_n but_o in_o a_o dense_n or_o thick_a body_n we_o grant_v therefore_o for_o the_o present_a that_o in_o mix_a body_n colour_n do_v result_v or_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o concursion_n of_o the_o element_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o element_n be_v pure_a and_o not_o defile_v with_o the_o stain_n of_o other_o compound_a matter_n shall_v be_v taint_v with_o such_o colour_n as_o be_v say_v to_o colour_n how_o the_o element_n generate_v colour_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o body_n as_o accident_n be_v in_o the_o subject_n because_o the_o second_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o first_o which_o to_o ascribe_v to_o these_o simple_a body_n be_v very_o eroneous_a wherefore_o the_o element_n do_v not_o primary_o generate_v colour_n in_o mix_a body_n but_o secondary_o that_o be_v not_o as_o they_o retain_v their_o proper_a nature_n but_o as_o they_o lay_v it_o aside_o and_o so_o do_v conspire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o the_o element_n can_v concur_v in_o one_o and_o so_o make_v a_o mix_a body_n unless_o they_o suffer_v a_o alteration_n both_o according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n &_o so_o they_o do_v as_o it_o be_v put_v off_o their_o proper_a be_v or_o essence_n that_o by_o this_o mutual_a embrace_v and_o conjunction_n they_o may_v produce_v a_o compound_n body_n if_o therefore_o they_o neither_o retain_v their_o substance_n nor_o their_o first_o quality_n which_o the_o ancient_n esteem_v as_o their_o essential_a form_n how_o shall_v they_o reserve_v entire_a to_o themselves_o those_o colour_n which_o be_v their_o second_o quality_n that_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n shall_v proceed_v from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o simple_a element_n wherefore_o colour_n do_v belong_v to_o mix_v body_n 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together_o for_o three_o of_o the_o element_n be_v perspicuous_a the_o fire_n the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v more_o transparent_a than_o the_o air_n and_o the_o air_n than_o water_n only_o the_o earth_n be_v dark_a when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o three_o other_o it_o do_v determine_v their_o perspicuity_n and_o so_o induce_v a_o colour_n into_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o their_o transparency_n and_o perspicuity_n be_v condense_v and_o make_v more_o crass_a and_o thick_a so_o that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v tralucent_a and_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n and_o then_o colour_n necessary_o colour_v that_o which_o determine_v the_o sight_n be_v colour_v follow_v for_o to_o terminate_v the_o sight_n in_o his_o superficies_n be_v to_o be_v colour_v because_o nothing_o can_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o by_o some_o colour_n a_o colour_n therefore_o arise_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o a_o transparent_a body_n by_o that_o which_o be_v dark_a in_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o element_n for_o when_o the_o transparent_a body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n cease_v to_o be_v transparent_a it_o become_v colour_v and_o in_o his_o superficies_n do_v move_v the_o sight_n body_n colour_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n hence_o appear_v their_o error_n who_o suppose_v a_o double_a nature_n of_o colour_n be_v signify_v in_o that_o definition_n which_o we_o have_v give_v see_v aristotle_n call_v it_o the_o extremity_n or_o outside_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tralucent_a body_n be_v not_o a_o colour_n but_o that_o which_o like_o a_o accident_n do_v inhere_o in_o the_o extremity_n or_o superficies_n or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o extreme_a outside_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o splendent_a body_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o colour_n produce_v from_o elsewhere_o do_v by_o his_o adumbration_n or_o circumscription_n determine_v the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenuitie_n be_v what_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v of_o his_o part_n do_v transmit_v the_o light_n and_o so_o appear_v yet_o do_v not_o determine_v the_o sight_n where_o therefore_o the_o sight_n be_v determine_v there_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la must_v end_v for_o except_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sight_n will_v yet_o proceed_v further_o beyond_o it_o but_o the_o sight_n be_v terminate_v only_o by_o colour_n and_o therefore_o colour_n be_v right_o call_v the_o term_n or_o bond_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n in_o the_o dark_a but_o only_o a_o kind_n of_o faculty_n colour_n of_o the_o form_n of_o colour_n and_o beginning_n where_o of_o colour_n do_v arise_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o a_o matter_n illustrate_v by_o illumination_n which_o serve_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o form_n of_o which_o sect_n epicurus_n be_v as_o lucretius_n say_v praterea_fw-la quoniam_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la sine_fw-la luce_fw-fr colores_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luce_n existunt_fw-la primor_fw-la dia_z rerum_fw-la scire_fw-la licet_fw-la quo_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaevis_fw-la velata_fw-la colore_fw-la qualis_fw-la enim_fw-la coecis_fw-la poterit_fw-la colour_n esse_fw-la tenebris_fw-la lumine_fw-la qui_fw-la mutatur_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la propterea_fw-la quod_fw-la recta_fw-la out_o obliqua_fw-la percussus_fw-la luce_n refulget_fw-la again_o because_o no_o colour_n can_v without_o the_o light_n appear_v who_o shall_v discern_v what_o colour_a mask_n the_o element_n do_v wear_v unless_o the_o light_n do_v unto_o he_o their_o several_a hue_n bewray_v and_o what_o man_n can_v the_o colour_n blaze_v which_o in_o blind_a darkness_n stay_v because_o in_o light_a all_o colour_n change_v and_o shine_v as_o they_o be_v smite_v with_o the_o oblique_a or_o direct_a ray_n which_o from_o the_o light_n do_v flit_v and_o he_o maintain_v his_o
opinion_n by_o this_o that_o as_o the_o colour_a body_n be_v illuminate_v either_o right_o or_o oblique_o even_o so_o be_v the_o colour_n thereof_o change_v but_o have_v dispute_v this_o before_o i_o now_o pass_v it_o over_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o demonstrate_v and_o show_v that_o the_o colour_n the_o epicure_n reason_n that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n lumen_fw-la or_o splendencie_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n but_o first_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o argument_n which_o the_o epicure_n bring_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o opinion_n they_o say_v therefore_o that_o see_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v be_v one_o and_o simple_a therefore_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v judge_v there_o by_o proper_o and_o by_o themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v unto_o one_o primarie_n genus_fw-la and_o because_o light_n can_v be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o colour_n be_v reduce_v unto_o light_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v so_o absurd_a that_o it_o seem_v not_o worthy_a the_o time_n and_o labour_n of_o confutation_n especial_o because_o it_o no_o whit_n advance_v the_o certainty_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o they_o be_v to_o conclude_v that_o lumen_fw-la be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n yet_o nevertheless_o their_o argument_n will_v not_o stand_v for_o we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o which_o be_v see_v ought_v proper_o and_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o one_o genus_fw-la or_o head_n because_o the_o faculty_n judge_v of_o they_o be_v one_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o but_o we_o deny_v that_o illumination_n can_v proper_o be_v see_v or_o that_o colour_n may_v be_v refer_v there-unto_a have_v we_o not_o convince_v by_o that_o which_o head_n all_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o head_n go_v before_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v see_v by_o itself_o be_v a_o colour_n be_v not_o light_a and_o translucencie_n perceive_v improper_o to_o wit_n only_o as_o they_o be_v proportion_v unto_o a_o colour_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v sufficient_o and_o have_v we_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o neither_o light_n nor_o splendencie_n can_v be_v a_o colour_n how_o then_o shall_v colour_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n yea_o i_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o illumination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n colour_n the_o light_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o colour_n because_o it_o become_v visible_a no_o other_o way_n then_o as_o it_o obtain_v some_o proportion_n with_o colour_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o do_v object_n that_o colour_n be_v say_v to_o be_v actual_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o transparent_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o illuminate_v transparent_a body_n because_o without_o light_a both_o the_o colour_n and_o transparent_a body_n be_v only_o in_o potentia_fw-la and_o possibility_n see_v therefore_o that_o the_o light_n do_v induce_v a_o actual_a be_v upon_o the_o colour_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n because_o the_o act_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o how_o that_o of_o aristotle_n namely_o that_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o light_n do_v actuate_v colour_n i_o answer_v that_o light_n do_v not_o actuate_v the_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v consider_v in_o it_o own_o form_n light_n be_v not_o the_o form_n nature_n as_o a_o colour_n for_o a_o colour_n remain_v a_o colour_n even_o in_o the_o dark_a it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o it_o make_v the_o colour_n actual_o visible_a neither_o do_v we_o deny_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o colour_n it_o shall_v not_o only_o make_v it_o visible_a but_o what_o effence_n so_o ever_o colour_n have_v it_o shall_v of_o necessity_n have_v receive_v it_o from_o the_o light_n but_o we_o have_v teach_v already_o that_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o four_o element_n moreover_o it_o can_v be_v that_o this_o light_n shall_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n first_o because_o the_o form_n join_v with_o the_o matter_n do_v constitute_v one_o compound_v body_n but_o light_n and_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o colour_n be_v in_o diverse_a subject_n again_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o one_o accident_n be_v the_o form_n of_o another_o but_o light_n though_o it_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a accident_n yet_o it_o savour_v most_o of_o a_o accident_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n last_o if_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n than_o colour_n shall_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la for_o whether_o the_o light_n be_v strong_a or_o remiss_a whether_o it_o be_v direct_a or_o refract_v and_o break_v it_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o we_o see_v that_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o diverse_a but_o also_o contrary_a therefore_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n but_o the_o epicure_n will_v make_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o their_o different_a original_n and_o beginning_n which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o matter_n sure_o a_o opinion_n unbeseeming_a one_o which_o carry_v but_o the_o name_n of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o can_v you_o take_v form_n all_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o form_n the_o difference_n of_o thing_n from_o their_o matter_n know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o specifical_a difference_n of_o thing_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o form_n be_v it_o any_o matter_n which_o distinguish_v a_o man_n from_o a_o beast_n no_o but_o the_o understanding_n or_o reason_n now_o reason_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n not_o his_o matter_n and_o this_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o mechanical_a art_n for_o the_o same_o workman_n out_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n do_v form_n both_o a_o altar_n and_o a_o image_n and_o these_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o not_o because_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o diverse_a matter_n but_o because_o a_o diverse_a form_n be_v give_v to_o either_o of_o they_o to_o these_o we_o will_v add_v that_o colour_n be_v another_o thing_n then_o the_o light_n for_o colour_n work_v upon_o the_o light_n touch_v the_o illuminate_v air_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o a_o looking-glass_n receyve_v colour_n bring_v unto_o it_o through_o enlighten_v air_n so_o also_o the_o greenness_n of_o tree_n and_o meadow_n do_v appear_v in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v opposite_a unto_o they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o image_n how_o a_o glass_n receive_v image_n the_o colour_n shall_v work_v upon_o the_o light_n but_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o the_o thing_n form_v do_v work_v upon_o the_o form_n qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o the_o sight_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v whether_o the_o sight_n stand_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o all_o rest_n upon_o experience_n which_o no_o man_n well_o in_o his_o wit_n will_v contradict_v for_o see_v a_o visible_a object_n impose_v to_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o see_v if_o you_o lay_v any_o colour_n upon_o the_o eye_n it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v and_o if_o that_o say_n of_o aristotle_n be_v true_a in_o any_o sense_n it_o be_v especial_o true_a in_o this_o sense_n of_o sight_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o sense_n do_v make_v no_o sensation_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v that_o the_o sight_n have_v medium_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o it_o need_v a_o medium_fw-la need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la especial_o be_v here-unto_o persuade_v by_o reason_n beside_o experience_n for_o sight_n be_v a_o spiritual_a sense_n and_o therefore_o can_v perceive_v material_a thing_n as_o they_o be_v material_a but_o it_o discern_v their_o species_n receive_v in_o the_o mean_a and_o how_o can_v material_a thing_n send_v forth_o these_o species_n if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n i_o say_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o may_v draw_v out_o and_o receive_v the_o species_n or_o form_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v first_o it_o can_v be_v a_o body_n for_o every_o body_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n no_o bodiâ—_n be_v the_o mean_a of_o sighr_n neither_o compound_n compound_v a_o compound_n body_n it_o can_v be_v because_o all_o compound_n body_n be_v colour_v and_o by_o consequent_a be_v a_o object_n and_o not_o a_o mean_a neither_o can_v any_o of_o the_o simple_a body_n be_v account_v for_o a_o mean_a for_o they_o be_v the_o four_o element_n fire_n aire_n water_n and_o earth_n fire_n be_v no_o
medium_fw-la for_o we_o can_v see_v without_o it_o nor_o yet_o the_o air_n because_o we_o can_v see_v object_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o other_o element_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o a_o true_a mean_n must_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o all_o visible_a thing_n but_o the_o element_n be_v not_o so_o no_o nor_o the_o heaven_n itself_o it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o none_o of_o these_o may_v be_v account_v for_o the_o mean_a of_o sight_n vision_n nor_o simple_a perspicuity_n be_v the_o true_a mean_a of_o vision_n it_o be_v therefore_o some_o accident_n which_o we_o must_v resolve_v upon_o to_o be_v this_o medium_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o all_o man_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n acknowledge_v this_o accident_n to_o be_v perspicuity_n or_o transparancy_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v thereof_o but_o because_o this_o transparancie_n as_o it_o be_v a_o abstracte_v and_o a_o accident_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o function_n for_o that_o the_o object_n do_v require_v a_o certain_a definite_a affection_n in_o sight_n not_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n the_o medium_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o the_o consent_n and_o agreement_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o connexion_n and_o knit_n of_o the_o extreme_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o object_n and_o organ_n by_o the_o mean_a we_o must_v therefore_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o do_v assist_v and_o help_v this_o perspicuity_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o admit_v simple_o the_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a for_o the_o true_a mean_a of_o the_o sight_n that_o be_v not_o the_o abstract_n only_o but_o the_o whole_a concrete_a as_o it_o have_v perspicuity_n in_o it_o so_o that_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v in_o it_o both_o his_o matter_n and_o his_o form_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o diverse_a and_o manifold_a perspicuum_fw-la the_o etimon_n of_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o say_v every_o thing_n which_o be_v pervious_a and_o may_v be_v perceive_v without_o obstacle_n or_o resistance_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v derive_v a_o perspiciendo_fw-la or_o perceive_v as_o a_o transparent_a body_n a_o transparendo_fw-la because_o all_o thing_n do_v transpare_v and_o appear_v through_o it_o it_o be_v therefore_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n not_o crass_a nor_o dense_a but_o thin_a rare_a and_o subtle_a and_o especial_o apt_a and_o fit_a to_o receive_v the_o ilumination_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o air_n and_o water_n and_o also_o many_o other_o solid_a body_n as_o glass_n ice_n and_o such_o like_a as_o the_o philosopher_n witness_v in_o the_o 68_o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la qvest._n xxxvii_o whether_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perspicuous_a we_o have_v teach_v before_o that_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n light_n whether_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la perish_v with_o the_o light_n but_o because_o the_o light_n do_v very_o easy_o recede_v and_o go_v away_o so_o that_o darkness_n do_v succeed_v and_o easy_o return_v it_o may_v worthy_o be_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o light_a the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v also_o perish_v and_o cease_v to_o be_v and_o be_v again_o generate_v with_o the_o return_n of_o the_o light_n or_o illumination_n for_o my_o own_o part_n that_o i_o may_v speak_v ingenious_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v not_o corrupt_v whole_o but_o only_o after_o a_o sort_n seem_v to_o perish_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o essential_a form_n be_v say_v to_o perish_v it_o seem_v therefore_o that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o perish_v when_o at_o the_o recede_a of_o the_o light_a darkness_n do_v ensue_v which_o darkness_n be_v dark_a the_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v potential_a in_o the_o dark_a a_o privation_n of_o that_o light_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o speak_v of_o a_o body_n actual_o perspicuous_a because_o the_o action_n or_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o actuality_n of_o it_o cease_v when_o the_o light_n fade_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o remain_v in_o potentia_fw-la or_o in_o possibility_n for_o the_o enlighten_v do_v not_o induce_v any_o subtlety_n or_o tenuity_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v thus_o perspicuous_a be_v also_o potential_o perspicuous_a in_o the_o very_a dark_a for_o sometime_o darkness_n sometime_o light_n be_v in_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o 69._o text_n of_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o define_v a_o potential_a perspicuous_a body_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o doubt_n of_o great_a weight_n for_o because_o the_o light_n be_v a_o accident_n to_o wit_n a_o quality_n proceed_v from_o the_o lucide_n body_n how_o can_v it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n in_o regard_n that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v peculiar_a to_o a_o substance_n resolve_v a_o doubt_v resolve_v how_o then_o can_v that_o give_v any_o essence_n or_o be_v to_o another_o which_o have_v no_o essence_n at_o all_o of_o it_o own_o for_o the_o light_n have_v no_o be_v of_o itself_o but_o do_v perpetual_o depend_v upon_o the_o lucid_a body_n and_o therefore_o how_o shall_v it_o give_v a_o essence_n to_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o answer_n answer_n the_o light_n may_v be_v call_v a_o quality_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mere_a accident_n for_o all_o accident_n have_v their_o be_v in_o some_o subject_n and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o be_v nothing_o but_o illumination_n though_o it_o do_v depend_v perpetual_o upon_o some_o lucide_n body_n another_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v in_o another_o yet_o it_o do_v exist_v out_o of_o it_o and_o do_v only_o in_o respect_n differ_v from_o that_o lux_fw-la which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o it_o as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o we_o see_v that_o this_o illumination_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a hemisphere_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a accident_n &_o accident_n light_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a accident_n have_v no_o proper_a essence_n of_o it_o own_o for_o no_o accident_n do_v spread_v so_o far_o from_o his_o original_a or_o subject_a we_o say_v therefore_o that_o lumen_fw-la out_o of_o the_o lucide_n body_n have_v a_o certain_a proper_a be_v of_o his_o own_o and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n for_o which_o cause_n some_o call_v it_o the_o imitation_n or_o resemblance_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n in_o a_o perspicuous_a medium_n quality_n how_o the_o light_n be_v a_o quality_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o lucide_n body_n and_o do_v depend_v upon_o it_o as_o upon_o his_o original_n it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reason_n call_v a_o quality_n of_o the_o same_o lucide_n body_n but_o some_o argue_n against_o this_o on_o this_o manner_n that_o the_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la because_o it_o also_o receive_v the_o darkness_n into_o it_o if_o therefore_o illumination_n be_v the_o objection_n objection_n form_n of_o it_o then_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o to_o wit_n darkness_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o form_n and_o so_o one_o thing_n will_v have_v two_o form_n but_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a for_o though_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v receive_v as_o well_o darkness_n as_o light_n yet_o not_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o it_o receive_v the_o one_o as_o his_o form_n he_o other_o solution_n solution_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o form_n light_v as_o his_o act_n and_o darkness_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o act._n for_o darkness_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o light_v but_o a_o privation_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o no_o other_o thing_n be_v what_o darkness_n be_v but_o a_o absence_n of_o light_n from_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o illumination_n but_o avicen_n say_v that_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o a_o perspicuous_a but_o in_o a_o dark_a body_n and_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n colour_a which_o body_n when_o it_o be_v outward_o illustrate_v than_o he_o think_v that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v illuminate_v and_o he_o will_v have_v this_o perspicuity_n to_o note_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o