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A71161 The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ... Turner, William, 1653-1701. 1695 (1695) Wing T3347; ESTC R6111 329,028 716

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reading the Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Ibid. Hymns of the Church Just Mart. Hymns proving the Divinity of Christ Euseb Hymns of Nepos Idem Hymns of St. Ambrose S. Hilary Prudentius generally used Te Deum attributed by Arch-Bishop Vsher to S. Nicclius Bishop of Triers A. D. 535. or of Lyons 567. Gloria Patri used anciently in the Eastern Church Basil in the Gallican Churches at the end of every Psalm Cassian at Rome mostly after the Responsoria Walafr Strab. Singing in Ambrose's time taken into use at Millain and the Western Churches upon occasion of a Persecution under Justina Valentinian's Mother Augustine commends Athanasius his plain distinct singing like reading Mahometan The Mahometans have several ways of praising God viz. by Singing Musick Dancing c. according to the different Sects which are among them but the most pleasant is that of the Dervises with Flutes Drums Dances Vocal-musick reading of the Alcoran and exposition of it Concerning which see afterwards in the Chapter of Saints See more in the Practical Part in the Chap. of Praising God Ancient Heathen Observe 1. The Matter and Contents Callimachas writing a Hymn to the praise of Apollo begins thus None so skilful an Artist as the famous Apollo He 's skill'd in Song and skill'd in Archery A Prophet He and great Physician too He Mortals taught to build Apollo loves Architecture c. Orpheus observes the same method viz. 1. Declaring the Vertues of the Gods 2. Praying that they may be brave and happy and give a blessed end to their Banquets 2. The Form They had three Stanzaes or parts 1. Strophe sung in turning from the East to the West 2. Antistrophe in returning from the West to the East 3. Epode Sung while they stood before the Altar for they used to Dance in this manner whilst they Sung the Hymns about the Altar 3. The time Alway when the Persians Sacrificed a Magus Sung a Hymn The Arabian Priests were bound to spend their time in singing Hymns and rehearsing the Acts of their Gods Rosse N. Plato l. de leg adviseth that whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed they should first shew them to the Priests lest they should ask evil things for good Greg. Naz. saith Julian the Apostate in imitation of the Christians did appoint among the Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Form of Prayer to be said in parts Modern Heathen Among the Samodies the Priest in his Divine Service doth not Sing but Howl and that so long till he become like a Mad-man and then falls down as if he were dead but riseth again orders five Deer to be Sacrificed and then thrusts a Sword half way into his belly still singing or howling rather c. Rosse Among the Indians Old and Modern dancing to the Idols is accounted part of divine Worship Idem In Goa when they Sow Mow go to Sea and when the Women lye in and when they return from Sea they feast their Idols with Musick and other Solemnities 14 days together Idem In Narsinga their Idol is carried yearly in Procession with Virgins and Musick going before Idem In Florida they worship the Sun and Moon with dances and songs howling feasting and cutting of their Skins Diabolical Profane wanton Songs which vitiate and corrupt the minds of men Chrysostom in Ps 117. calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delrius in his Magic Disquis makes mention of Multae Jubilationes Saltationes commessationes compotationes et ludi in honorem ipsius praesidentis Beelzebub l. 5. Sec. 16. Mr. Glanvil tells us 1. At going to meeting they go singing Thout tout a tout throughout and about 2. At their Feasting the Devil plays on a Cittern or Pipe 3. At parting the word is A Boy merry meet merry part 4. In their Return they cry Rentum Tormentum Doctor Dee in his Actions with Spirits used frequent Thanksgivings for instance when by the help of one of his Spirits he had found three of his Books which had been burnt the 10th of April before I fell saith he upon my Knees with great thanks-yielding to the God Almighty Act. with Spirits p. 418. 3. Sacrifices Jewish THE Oblations of the Jews according to Purchas his Relations and Theol. Discov of Asia c. were 1. Sacrifices 1. Burnt-Offerings Consumed by the perpetual fire upon the Altar being that which God miraculously sent down from Heaven to consume Aaron's Sacrifice Nadab and Abihu were stricken with a revenging fire from God for using other Vide Lev. 1. 2. Meat-Offerings Made of fine flour without Honey or Leaven and with Oil and Incense on the Altar or Frying-pan or Oven or Caldron Lev. 2. part whereof was sacred to the Lord by fire part for the Priests 3. Peace-Offerings The Fat and Kidneys whereof were to be burnt the Fat and Blood being universally forbidden them to eat the breast and right shoulder was the Priests The rest went to the Sacrificer to be caten the first or second day or the third day burnt with Fire Lev. 3 7. 4. Sin-offerings viz. for sins of Ignorance of the Priest Prince People c. vide Lev. 4 6. 5. Trespass-Offerings viz. in case of contempt when the sin was done willingly Lev. 6. To these were adjoyned Prayers and Praises with musical instruments and voices 6. Offerings of Consecration proper to the Priests vide Lev. 6.10 7. Of Purification as of a Woman after Child-birth Lev. 12. or a Leper Lev. 13 14. or for unclean issues of Men and Women c. 15. 8. Of Expiation on that Feast-day so called Lev. 16. Add to these 1. The Lights 2. Incense every morning and evening on a golden Altar whereto the Priests only had access with such perfume as is prescribed Exod. 30. 2. Gifts 1. According to the Law 1. First-Fruits of Man of Beasts of the Earth 2. Tithes to the Levites to the Priests the Temple a 3d. year's Tenth 2. By Vow 3. Of Free-will Now the Jews content themselves with reading the Precepts concerning Sacrifices comforting themselves with Hos 14.3 Ancient Christian Cyprian severely chides a rich Widow of his time who came to the Sacrament without giving any thing to the poor man's box did partake of others Offerings not giving any thing of her own de Oper. Eleemos Concerning the Oblations of the Primitive Christians we may observe 1. That Bread and Wine was ordinarily Offered every Lord's Day by all the men and Women Carranz in Sum. Dec. Fabia Pa. 2. That the Offerings of them who did not Communicate were not to be accepted Id. Sum. Eliber Conc. c. 28. 3. That none were to receive these Offerings but the Bishop or his Substitute upon pain of being Anathematized Conc. Gangr c. 8. 4. That the Oblations were to be distributed by the Bishop according to the Necessity of the Faithful Carrauz Sum. Decr. Vrban Pap. 12. qu. Res Eccl. 5. That of the Oblations of the
Faithful or the Revenues of the Church one part was to be allowed to the Bishop two parts for Church Repairs and the Poor and one for the Clerks or Clergy according to their Merits Idem Sum. Decr. Simpl. Pa. 6. That the offerings of such as did not receive the Lord's Supper as did oppress the Poor as laid violent hands upon themselves were not to be accepted Idem c. So also of such as had delivered up their Children to be Baptized by Hereticks Idem 7. That Oblations were not to be made in Lent Idem Mahometan The Mahometan Pilgrims in commemoration of Abraham's Sacrifice offer upon the Plain near Medina 400000 Sheep on the Day of the little Bairam M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Obs the kinds of Sacrifices 1. Humane Sacrifices were offered to Saturn in Carthage c. To Jupiter Apollo Mars Neptune Bacchus Juno Diana Pallas Mercury Moloch c. Amongst the Romans Scythians Cauls Aegyptians c. And some Indians now 2. Beasts and Birds c. 1. White to the Supernal Gods 2. Black to the Infernal 2. A Bull to Jupiter Mars Apollo Neptune Luna the Heroes A Ram to Mars and Jupiter A Horse to Sol and Mars A Doe to Minerva and Pan. A Lamb to Juno and Faunus A Dove to Venus A Sow to Ceres and Cybele A Hog to Sylvanus A Cock to the Lares A He-Goat to Bacchus The Women prostituted their own Bodies to Venus at her Temple for the use of Strangers They must all be 1. Of Fair Colour 2. Free from blemish 3. Not used to Labour 4. Such as they had received no profit from They chose proper Garlands to adorn the Men Sacrifices Altars Vessels e. g. In the Service of Bacchus Myrtle Ceres the Oak Hercules Poplar Apollo Lawrel They chose proper Fewel for the Altars Myrtle for Venus Ash for Mars Oak for Jove c. Natalis Comes tells of Vengeance inflicted for improper Fewel out of Pausanias c. They used proper Seasons of Service In the Morning to the Spernal In the Evening to the Infernal Proper Places On the Plain to the Terrestrial On Hills to the Supernal In Grots and Caves to the Infernal Modern Heathen The East-Indians offer Sacrifice some of them to the Sea and generally to the Idol in their Pagods M. de Thev In Guinea c. if the Fishermen have not a good draught they present a Piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to the frowning Saint who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets smiting his Breast clapping his hands with a mighty noise 'till he come to the shoar where they cut down Boughs from certain Trees and hang them on their Necks playing on Timbrels then the Priest turns to the Wives and expostulates with them and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to the Fetisso View of the Engl. Acqu in Guinea c. In Pegu and Bengala the Idols are honoured with Lights continually burning before them Rosse In Goa they wash in a Cistern near the Idol and offer Rice Eggs c. Idem The Gaurs Kids Hens Pigeons In Malabar they Sacrifice Flowers and Cocks to their Idol In Narsinga the Pilgrims offer Gold Silver and Jewels to their Idol Idem In Virginia they offered Tobacco c. In Mexico c. Men. Idem Diabolical Witches give their Soul and Body to the Devil And permit the Devil to suck their Blood once in 24 hours And destroy the lives of as many as they can in Devotion to the Devil Glanvil In Amboyna they offer him Meat and Drink and light a Wax-Candle in a certain place of their Houses and if he comes not they eat most of the Consecrated Meat themselves Mandelslo The like they do in Ceylon Capt. Knox. 4. Purifications Washings c. Jewish PUrification by Water was long in use with the Jews though not Sacramental therefore they expected it at the coming of the Messiah John 1.25 They question'd not his Baptism but his Authority Godw. Antiq. To make a Woman-Profelyte of the Covenant was required Purification by Water and Oblation viz. two Turtles or Pigeons to a Male-Profelyte Circumcision together with Purification and Oblation Idem Purification was used 1. To Males before Circumcision 2. To Women-Proselytes of the Covenant 3. To Women after Child-birth as the Law requires Lev. 12. but with this difference among the Modern Jews That after the birth of a Daughter the Wife retires for 66 or 70 Days her Husband not being permitted to touch her Finger or Clothes or cut in the same Dish or drink in the same Cup with her 'till she hath been washt c. Dr. Addison 4. To Churches Vessels c. Ancient Christian Hither may be referred the Baptism of Christiaus which is a kind of Purification though we have spoken of it before in the Chapter of Sacraments as may also the Lord's Supper in which the Souls of true Believing Communicants are purified in the Blood of Christ that Lamb of GOD which takes away the sins of the World This is that Fountain which was open'd on purpose for sin and for uncleanness which purifies more than the Refiners fire or the Fuller's Soap But ordinarily Repentance is the Christian's purification and that which disposeth and makes us meetly qualified for the Ordinances before-mentioned both which are but declarative of this and supposed in the Judgment of Christian Charity both in Baptism and the Lord's Supper Other Purifications have been added in succeeding Ages by the Papists especially as 1. Purification or Dedication of Churches by Praying Sprinkling the Walls with holy Water and a bundle of Hysop the Clergy and People going about and singing the Bishop knocking the Door with his Crosier saying Lift up your heads O ye gates c. Then entering in with three Servants wishing Peace three times to the House then on his knees to the Altar and praying whilest the Clergy without sing the Litany who afterwards carry in the Relicks of the Saint to which the Church is Dedicated The Walls are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exercised and mixt into which the Bishop having dipt his Thumb makes the sign of the Cross on the Altar Walls Pavement offers Incense blesseth the Church Preacheth c. all enter the Church singing c. 2. Of Altars by going about them 7 times and sprinkling them with Water and Hysop 7 times having first made 4 Crosses on the 4 Horns of the Altars 3. The Putinae the Corporal Chalice Linnen Pix Fonts Crosses Images First-Fruits Holy-Water Salt Church-Yard Bells Easter-Tapers Chests wherein the Relicks of the Saints are kept c. And these Purified or Consecrated with Prayers Washing Crossing Ancinting Incense c. Mahometan The Turks have two kinds of Ablutions 1. Gousl viz. a general washing of the whole body after lying with their Wives Nocturnal Pollution Urine or any Unclean Thing touching them 2. Abdest viz. only of the Hands always before Prayers 3. After easing of