only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n in_o regard_n it_o contain_v a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o they_o that_o read_v the_o whole_a will_n easy_o find_v beside_o that_o the_o division_n which_o he_o have_v make_v be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o excellency_n which_o do_v not_o take_v up_o a_o page_n or_o two_o and_o other_o that_o fill_v up_o above_o thirty_o or_o forty_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a to_o divide_v the_o relation_n into_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o to_o give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v in_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o swerve_v at_o all_o from_o the_o method_n and_o sense_n of_o my_o author_n neither_o have_v i_o make_v the_o least_o alteration_n only_o that_o i_o may_v conform_v to_o the_o style_n and_o genius_n of_o our_o language_n i_o have_v not_o tie_v myself_o so_o strict_o and_o literal_o to_o his_o expression_n and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o this_o relation_n have_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o other_o language_n nor_o be_v ever_o print_v before_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o new._n i_o also_o observe_v in_o read_v that_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o description_n of_o pe_n kim_v and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n may_v seem_v obscure_a to_o many_o people_n i_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o remedy_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n by_o note_n in_o italic_a which_o i_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n because_o i_o will_v not_o crowd_v the_o margin_n nor_o interrupt_v the_o text_n but_o preserve_v the_o original_a in_o its_o purity_n and_o credit_n and_o leave_v the_o reader_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o let_v they_o alone_o for_o remedy_n of_o the_o second_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v make_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o palace_n collect_v together_o with_o great_a care_n what_o the_o author_n have_v speak_v dispersedly_z in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n mounsieur_fw-fr peyronett_n a_o ingenier_n of_o good_a repute_n draw_v out_o the_o draught_n at_o my_o request_n fair_a upon_o paper_n to_o which_o i_o add_v the_o explanation_n of_o every_o thing_n with_o letter_n which_o relate_v to_o other_o that_o be_v engrave_v upon_o the_o plane_n and_o further_o to_o satisfy_v entire_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o give_v more_o reputation_n to_o the_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o life_n of_o father_n magaillans_n who_o be_v the_o author_n which_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o do_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v but_o very_o short_a and_o modest_o write_v it_o be_v write_v by_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n a_o cicilian_a and_o father_n magaillan_n inseparable_a companion_n from_o the_o year_n 1640_o to_o the_o year_n 1677_o that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o seven_o year_n together_o father_n buglio_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1682_o in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n so_o that_o the_o care_n which_o he_o have_v take_v to_o write_v the_o life_n of_o our_o author_n be_v a_o double_a approbation_n of_o his_o work._n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o portuguese_n orthography_n in_o spell_a the_o name_n of_o our_o author_n for_o the_o portuguese_n write_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n magalhanes_n but_o in_o regard_n few_o people_n in_o france_n can_v so_o pronounce_v it_o i_o alter_v it_o into_o magaillans_n which_o the_o french_a pronounce_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o portuguese_n pronunciation_n of_o magalhanes_n this_o father_n be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n of_o the_o famous_a ferdinand_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o language_n magellan_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v the_o magellanick_n strait_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o have_v also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n or_o mandarim_n which_o the_o portuguese_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n cochinchina_n tum_o kim_v and_o china_n as_o well_o for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o relation_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n well_o know_v in_o france_n ever_o since_o the_o come_n thither_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o siam_n the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o mandar_fw-la to_o command_v and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n this_o remark_n oblige_v i_o to_o add_v another_o upon_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinese_n word_n and_o letter_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n how_o to_o pronounce_v they_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n their_o word_n be_v all_o monosyllable_n or_o else_o of_o one_o syllable_n without_o exception_n and_o so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o once_o and_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o syllable_n of_o what_o number_n of_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n soever_o they_o be_v compose_v for_o example_n kiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o china_n must_v be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o a_o time_n and_o not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o syllable_n kiam_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o word_n lve_v hve_v do_v not_o make_v two_o syllable_n li-ven_a nor_o three_o liuen_a but_o only_o one_o syllable_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v by_o pronounce_v they_o all_o as_o one_o syllable_n yet_o so_o as_o to_o express_v the_o sound_n of_o all_o the_o letter_n not_o but_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v word_n compose_v of_o several_a syllable_n but_o these_o syllable_n be_v always_o separate_v and_o from_o different_a word_n as_o tai_n yven_v the_o name_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n mention_v in_o the_o relation_n thus_o we_o write_v in_o france_n st._n malo_n haure_n the_o grace_n by_o separate_a word_n and_o not_o in_o one_o word_n as_o villeneuf_n montroyal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o st._n malo_n be_v form_v of_o two_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n and_o haure_n the_o grace_n of_o three_o word_n and_o five_o syllable_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n name_n have_v never_o more_o syllable_n than_o word_n thus_o tai_n yven_v be_v compose_v of_o two_o word_n and_o two_o syllable_n and_o cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la of_o three_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n only_o as_o for_o their_o letter_n though_o there_o be_v as_o many_o chinese_n letter_n as_o there_o be_v chinese_n word_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v express_v by_o mean_n of_o our_o european_a letter_n add_v necessary_a accent_n to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o speak_v as_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o relation_n which_o be_v premise_v you_o shall_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v a_o they_o have_v a_o sound_n in_o their_o language_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o a_o as_o in_o the_o word_n nan_n kim_n b_o they_o have_v no_o sound_n that_o answer_v b_o but_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o they_o make_v use_v of_o p_o thus_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n they_o say_v ham_n pa_n lu_o c_o before_o a_o o_o or_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o ca_o co_n cu_z but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o it_o must_v be_v pronounce_v tze_n tzi_n and_o not_o ce_fw-fr ci._n ch_z must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o tcha_n tche_n tchi_n tcho_n tchu_n d_o be_v not_o pronounce_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o only_a t_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o e_z and_o f_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o france_n g_o before_z a_o o_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v nga_n ngo_n ngu_n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o n_o before_o the_o g._n but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o as_o we_o pronounce_v ge_n give_v h_n must_v be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n of_o the_o throat_n like_o the_o welsh_a ll._n ay_o k_o and_o l_o as_o we_o do_v m_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v pronounce_v open_a and_o soft_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n by_o close_v the_o lip_n otherwise_o they_o pronounce_v it_o as_o we_o do_v n_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v hard_o put_v a_o stress_n upon_o it_o as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n lumen_fw-la otherwise_o as_o we_o do_v p_o as_o in_o france_n q_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n unless_o when_o a_o u_o follow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n quam_fw-la r_o be_v never_o pronounce_v by_o the_o chinese_n s_o as_o we_o do_v t_o
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
by_o reason_n of_o its_o antiquity_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o neither_o the_o portuguese_n nor_o castillian_n have_v in_o all_o their_o voyage_n make_v a_o more_o considerable_a discovery_n the_o annal_n of_o the_o chaldean_n and_o egyptian_n may_v perhaps_o have_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o those_o of_o china_n and_o perhaps_o those_o of_o the_o tyrian_n also_o and_o some_o other_o oriental_a nation_n of_o which_o josephus_n make_v mention_v but_o they_o be_v lose_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o as_o well_o as_o the_o history_n of_o berosus_n the_o chaldean_a and_o manathon_n the_o egyptian_a of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o more_o than_o only_a some_o few_o fragment_n of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v leave_v we_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n before_o herodotus_n for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o father_n of_o historian_n who_o nevertheless_o do_v not_o write_v till_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ._n and_o if_o we_o go_v back_o to_o the_o original_a of_o the_o olympiad_n they_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o about_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o year_n before_o christ._n but_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o cronology_n begin_v two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o four_o score_n and_o seventeen_o year_n before_o christ_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi and_o two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o those_o that_o stick_v to_o the_o second_o opinion_n and_o acknowledge_v foyes_n high_a for_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o three_o opinion_n which_o make_v yao_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n their_o chronology_n will_v begin_v two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o year_n before_o christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fifteen_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n before_o the_o first_o olympiad_n and_o indeed_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o man_n shall_v refuse_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o chronology_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v well_o pursue_v and_o well_o circumstance_v that_o it_o be_v less_o fabulous_a than_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a history_n and_o for_o that_o there_o be_v set_v down_o therein_o several_a eclipse_n and_o other_o astronomical_a observation_n which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a astronomer_n in_o these_o latter_a age_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o manuscript_n write_v upon_o this_o subject_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chinese_n history_n have_v be_v write_v by_o author_n that_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o for_o example_n the_o act_n of_o king_n yao_n be_v write_v by_o the_o secretary_n of_o xun_n his_o successor_n the_o history_n of_o xun_n and_o his_o successor_n thou_o be_v compile_v by_o author_n then_o live_v and_o be_v contain_v together_o with_o that_o of_o king_n yao_n in_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a book_n among_o the_o chinese_n call_v xu_o kin._n it_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o which_o the_o four_o last_o contain_v one_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o imperial_a family_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v either_o of_o the_o antiquity_n or_o truth_n of_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o book_n xu_o kin_n see_v that_o confucius_n who_o live_v five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ_n so_o often_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o and_o have_v collect_v with_o great_a industry_n several_a authentic_a piece_n that_o contain_v several_a particular_n of_o the_o life_n and_o government_n of_o the_o first_o king_n another_o philosopher_n call_v lao_n kiun_n confucius_n confucius_n be_v contemporary_a as_o also_o another_o author_n more_o ancient_a than_o he_o by_o two_o hundred_o year_n who_o name_n be_v tai_n sum_o lum_n often_o quote_v these_o ancient_a history_n confucius_n also_o write_v himself_o a_o history_n of_o several_a war_n of_o china_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o forty_o and_o one_o year_n which_o he_o begin_v at_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n pim_n â—…am_n the_o thirteen_o prince_n of_o the_o three_o family_n call_v cheâ—…_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 722_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n since_o which_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o historian_n in_o every_o age_n which_o the_o chineses_n still_o preserve_v and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v compile_v general_a history_n of_o which_o there_o be_v one_o of_o several_a chinese_n volume_n in_o the_o king_n library_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o chronology_n be_v confirm_v by_o many_o circumstance_n conformable_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o history_n as_o for_o example_n the_o long_a life_n of_o their_o first_o king_n like_v to_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n thus_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o foe_n hi_o reign_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n xin_o nun_n his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi live_v a_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o year_n xao_n hao_v that_o succeed_v he_o a_o reign_v a_o hundred_o ti_fw-mi co_fw-la a_o hundred_o and_o five_o yao_n a_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o xun_v his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o thou_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o who_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o emperor_n we_o find_v also_o that_o fohi_a begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o most_o westerly_a part_n of_o all_o china_n which_o show_v that_o either_o he_o or_o his_o father_n come_v from_o the_o west_n where_o noah_n and_o his_o child_n remain_v after_o the_o deluge_n that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v but_o of_o a_o narrow_a extent_n and_o the_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o small_a so_o that_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v rather_o the_o potent_a father_n of_o a_o family_n like_o abraham_n than_o a_o king_n or_o a_o emperor_n that_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n live_v upon_o herb_n and_o wild_a fruit_n drink_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n and_o clothe_v themselves_o with_o their_o skin_n that_o his_o successor_n xin_a nun_n avent_v the_o art_n of_o tillage_n and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a circumstance_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o passage_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o martini_n in_o the_o chronology_n and_o preface_n of_o f._n couplet_n print_v at_o paris_n with_o thou_fw-mi work_n of_o confucius_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o our_o author_n chief_o in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o this_o chronology_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n of_o the_o bible_n but_o beside_o that_o god_n have_v not_o vouchsafe_v we_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o make_v we_o learned_a but_o virtuous_a and_o so_o there_o may_v have_v happen_v some_o omission_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o date_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o question_n about_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o deludge_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v that_o their_o chronology_n agree_v with_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n which_o be_v authentic_a and_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o the_o vulgar_a but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o place_n to_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o subject_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o may_v consult_v the_o book_n which_o father_n pezeron_n a_o barnardine_n have_v new_o print_v upon_o this_o subject_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o father_n have_v by_o agreement_n juggle_v up_o this_o chronology_n for_o we_o find_v they_o have_v speak_v truth_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o relation_n that_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o correct_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v mistake_v as_o you_o 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significancy_n that_o in_o some_o measure_n they_o equal_v the_o greek_n and_o latin_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v i_o have_v collect_v alphabetical_o all_o the_o theological_a and_o philosophical_a term_n which_o our_o father_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o book_n which_o they_o compose_v for_o the_o chinese_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o word_n that_o express_v their_o signification_n much_o more_o happy_o and_o easy_o than_o we_o so_o curious_a and_o eloquent_a be_v that_o language_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v of_o i_o perhaps_o how_o it_o can_v be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v so_o many_o signification_n and_o how_o they_o who_o understand_v they_o can_v distinguish_v they_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o variety_n of_o signification_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a couch_n of_o the_o monosyllable_n together_o 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and_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o a_o musician_n who_o by_o labour_n and_o skill_n have_v acquire_v a_o readiness_n to_o know_v and_o express_v the_o six_o tone_n ut_fw-la re_fw-mi mi_fw-mi fa_fw-it sol_fw-mi la_o which_o another_o man_n bear_v with_o necessary_a ability_n natural_o express_v and_o distingnish_v without_o the_o help_n of_o rule_n or_o art._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o chineses_n sing_v out_o their_o word_n when_o they_o speak_v as_o one_o of_o our_o father_n of_o macao_n imagine_v or_o that_o they_o carry_v a_o tablet_n about_o their_o neck_n upon_o which_o they_o write_v down_o what_o they_o will_v say_v when_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v they_o as_o i_o be_v make_v believe_v when_o i_o first_o travel_v into_o the_o empire_n or_o that_o the_o chinese_n can_v whisper_v a_o man_n in_o the_o ear_n as_o once_o i_o think_v imagine_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o to_o exalt_v their_o voice_n to_o 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pronounce_v with_o a_o circumflex_n mark_v with_o a_o point_n have_v the_o same_o sound_n with_o to_o in_o totaliter_fw-la and_o signify_v to_o study_v or_o a_o solitary_a person_n because_o that_o a_o man_n must_v be_v retire_v that_o will_v read_v or_o study_v to_o advantage_n the_o chinese_n language_n have_v many_o other_o quality_n and_o advantage_n that_o show_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o those_o that_o invent_v it_o but_o i_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n for_o brevity_n sake_n however_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a than_o the_o greek_a the_o latin_a or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o language_n of_o europe_n at_o least_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a than_o the_o language_n of_o those_o other_o country_n where_o our_o society_n be_v employ_v in_o mission_n which_o be_v a_o advantage_n not_o a_o little_a considerable_a nor_o be_v this_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v question_v in_o regard_n my_o sentiment_n be_v conformable_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o more_o condnce_n to_o the_o acquire_v of_o a_o language_n then_o the_o memory_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o language_n must_v be_v the_o most_o easy_a which_o have_v few_o word_n in_o regard_v a_o small_a number_n of_o word_n be_v more_o easy_o retain_v then_o a_o more_o copious_a quantity_n now_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v the_o most_o concise_a of_o all_o other_o as_o not_o be_v compose_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o monosyllable_n whereas_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a contain_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o word_n of_o tense_n mood_n number_n person_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o chinese_n language_n require_v only_o a_o memory_n to_o retain_v the_o accent_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o form_n that_o distinguish_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o to_o learn_v how_o to_o 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the_o invention_n of_o that_o illustrious_a person_n father_n matthew_n riccio_n in_o short_a they_o esteem_v and_o honour_v he_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o several_a believe_v that_o as_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr u_fw-mi be_v the_o prince_n the_o saint_n the_o master_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n so_o father_n matthew_n riccio_n be_v the_o same_o among_o the_o european_n which_o be_v the_o high_a praise_n those_o idoliser_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr we_o can_v give_v he_o father_n diego_n pantoja_n have_v also_o compose_v several_a learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o seven_o deadly_a sin_n of_o the_o seven_o virtue_n which_o be_v their_o contrary_n upon_o the_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la upon_o the_o ave-marie_a and_o the_o credo_fw-la the_o father_n alfonso_n vanhone_n and_o julio_n aleni_n write_v several_a tome_n upon_o the_o christian_a religion_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o christ_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o the_o saint_n
and_o upon_o several_a other_o subject_n father_n manuel_n dias_n the_o young_a translate_v all_o the_o gospel_n with_o the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o father_n which_o make_v a_o work_n no_o less_o large_a then_o pious_a and_o learned_a father_n francis_n furtado_n publish_v a_o treatise_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o logic_n with_o certain_a other_o book_n de_fw-mi coelo_fw-la and_o de_fw-la mundo_fw-la as_o also_o of_o the_o soul_n of_o man._n the_o father_n john_n terencio_n john_n roose_n and_o john_n adam_n have_v write_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n upon_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v always_o my_o chief_a consolation_n and_o inseparable_a companion_n in_o all_o my_o travel_n affliction_n and_o imprisonment_n for_o thirty_o year_n together_o translate_v the_o first_o part_n of_o st._n thomas_n which_o the_o more_o learned_a chineses_n esteem_n and_o admire_v to_o that_o 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partiality_n father_n ferdinand_n verâ—…stâ—…t_v â—…t_z the_o same_o time_n write_v a_o learned_a answer_n to_o 〈◊〉_d or_o rather_o a_o satyr_n full_a of_o mistake_v aâ—…d_v dolâ—…â—…norance_n which_o the_o same_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la write_v against_o the_o european_a mathematics_n father_n anthony_n gouvea_fw-mi compose_v a_o catechism_n father_n john_n monteiro_n write_v two_o book_n the_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o other_o of_o true_a adoration_n father_n francis_n sambiesi_n write_v four_o treatise_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o moral_n of_o paint_v and_o sound_v all_o very_a short_a and_o high_o esteem_v i_o myself_o write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o another_o of_o the_o universal_a resurrection_n nicholas_n trigaut_n lazaro_n cataneo_fw-la gaspar_n ferreira_n and_o alvero_n semedo_n all_o father_n of_o the_o society_n have_v compose_v dictionary_n very_o large_a and_o very_a exact_a and_o gaspar_n ferreira_n have_v write_v above_o twenty_o treatise_n upon_o several_a subject_n father_n soeiro_n make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n and_o father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n who_o die_v but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o this_o court_n fourscore_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a have_v write_v several_a godly_a treatise_n beside_o a_o treatise_n of_o earthquakes_a high_o esteem_v by_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o empire_n in_o short_a there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n write_v concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o of_o all_o science_n and_o subject_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o above_o five_o hundred_o tome_n print_v beside_o manuscript_n there_o be_v print_v in_o china_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o father_n that_o ever_o travel_a into_o the_o country_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n wherein_o be_v also_o the_o name_n set_v of_o all_o the_o book_n which_o they_o have_v write_v from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o so_o many_o book_n can_v never_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o write_v in_o a_o foreign_a language_n and_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n have_v not_o the_o language_n be_v very_o easy_a so_o that_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o learn_v then_o any_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v withal_o very_o elegant_a very_o copious_a and_o very_o expressive_a since_o it_o want_v for_o no_o term_n to_o explain_v and_o unfold_v the_o subtlety_n and_o mystery_n of_o theology_n philosophy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o science_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o first_o paragraph_n of_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o commentary_n which_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o work_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la with_o which_o our_o father_n always_o begin_v when_o they_o first_o set_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o short_a sample_n the_o beauty_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v the_o better_o display_v they_o read_v the_o letter_n beginning_n from_o the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a but_o that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n i_o have_v place_v the_o first_o column_n upon_o the_o left-hand_a to_o explain_v they_o you_o must_v put_v they_o together_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o cipher_n the_o mark_n or_o zero_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o letter_n be_v the_o point_n and_o accent_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o order_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o text_n be_v take_v from_o two_o chinese_n commentator_n of_o which_o the_o one_o who_o live_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v call_v chun_n hi_o and_o the_o other_o who_o be_v a_o colao_n be_v name_v chamm_n kiù_fw-fr chim_z who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1610_o at_o what_o time_n matthew_n riccio_n arrive_v at_o this_o court_n of_o who_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o great_a man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o consist_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o renew_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o the_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o consist_v in_o the_o 3d_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o to_o stop_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o to_o enlighten_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o reasonable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o the_o sovereign_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8_o good_n the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o text._n the_o method_n for_o great_a man_n to_o learn_v consistâ—…_n in_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o unfold_v the_o rational_a nature_n the_o second_o be_v to_o reform_v mankind_n and_o the_o three_o to_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o rational_a nature_n be_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n for_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o distinct_a on_o between_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will_n but_o attribute_n to_o the_o heart_n what_o ever_o we_o attribute_v to_o those_o faculty_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o substance_n pure_a and_o intelligent_a without_o any_o darkness_n or_o obscurity_n and_o where_o man_n have_v always_o ready_a all_o requisite_a reason_n to_o answer_v to_o all_o difficulty_n that_o present_v themselves_o but_o because_o that_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n of_o our_o birth_n this_o intelligent_a and_o rational_a nature_n be_v cage_a up_o and_o enclose_v within_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o body_n and_o for_o that_o our_o inordinate_a
king_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a lord_n magnificent_o clad_v and_o range_v on_o both_o side_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n eighteenth_o five_o hundred_o young_a gentleman_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n rich_o habit_v nineteenth_o a_o thousand_o man_n five_o hundred_o in_o a_o body_n call_v hiao_n guei_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v footman_n clad_v in_o red_a robe_n embroider_v with_o flower_n and_o star_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o long_a straight_a plume_n of_o feather_n in_o their_o bonnet_n twentiethly_fw-mi a_o open_a chair_n or_o litter_n carry_v by_o thirty_o six_o man_n attend_v by_o another_o close_a litter_n as_o big_a as_o a_o chamber_n and_o carry_v by_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o men._n one_o and_o twentiethly_a two_o vast_a chariot_n each_o of_o they_o draw_v by_o two_o elephant_n two_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi a_o large_a chariot_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n and_o another_o lesser_a by_o four_o all_o these_o chariot_n be_v sumptuous_o line_v the_o elephant_n and_o horse_n rich_o caparison_v and_o the_o governor_n and_o coachman_n in_o costly_a livery_n and_o every_o litter_n and_o every_o chariot_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o captain_n with_o fifty_o soldier_n three_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o learned_a mandarin_n a_o thousand_o in_o a_o body_n four_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o military_a mandarin_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o gorgeous_o apparel_v in_o their_o ceremony-robe_n and_o these_o last_o bring_v up_o the_o emperor_n train_n and_o conclude_v the_o pomp._n note_n upon_o the_o twenty_o first_o chapter_n and_o upon_o the_o emperor_n be_v seven_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o two_o city_n z._n five_o temple_n seat_v in_o the_o new_a city_n the_o first_o call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n stand_v as_o our_o author_n say_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o south_n gate_n a_o little_a towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o circumference_n the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o plane_n there_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n the_o four_o other_o temple_n be_v build_v altogether_o like_o the_o first_o the_o second_o call_v ti_o tamburlaine_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n proportionable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o here_o the_o emperor_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n the_o three_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o north_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o summer_n solstice_n the_o four_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o east_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n the_o five_o be_v two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o western_a gate_n and_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n if_o we_o must_v allow_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n to_o the_o new_a city_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o f._n adam_n these_o two_o temple_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v far_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o two_o furlong_n from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n gate_n 1._o two_o temple_n stand_v on_o the_o old_a city_n the_o first_o call_v ti_fw-mi vam_fw-la miao_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o all_o the_o decease_a king_n this_o be_v a_o spacious_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n in_o the_o chief_a great_a room_n of_o state_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o china_n good_a and_o bad_a from_o king_n foyes_n hi_o seat_v all_o upon_o throne_n our_o author_n mention_v the_o situation_n of_o it_o say_v no_o more_o than_o only_o this_o that_o it_o stand_v in_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a street_n of_o the_o city_n between_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o be_v mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n so_o that_o this_o temple_n must_v not_o be_v place_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o palace_n in_o regard_n that_o space_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o outermost_a court_n and_o first_o apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o proper_a to_o place_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n in_o regard_n the_o follow_a temple_n be_v place_v there_o nor_o towards_o the_o north_n which_o among_o the_o chinese_n be_v the_o mean_a place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v place_v it_o towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o street_n which_o be_v next_o the_o east_n gate_n of_o the_o palace_n 2._o the_o second_o temple_n be_v call_v chim_z hoam_v miao_o or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n i_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n within_o side_n and_o near_o to_o the_o wall_n here_o the_o king_n never_o sacrifice_n himself_o but_o only_o the_o mandarin_n a_o a._n the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n describe_v by_o our_o author_n in_o chap._n 13._o he_o say_v they_o be_v place_v according_a to_o their_o order_n near_o the_o king_n palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n so_o many_o spacious_a square_a edifice_n which_o have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o apartment_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v very_o near_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n place_v the_o first_o near_o the_o inner_a apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n where_o the_o emperor_n himself_o reside_v the_o first_o li_z pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n four_o inferior_a tribunal_n belong_v to_o this_o which_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o same_o palace_n in_o two_o row_v of_o apartment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middlemost_a be_v appoint_v for_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o other_o five_o where_o the_o middlemost_a be_v still_o the_o supreme_a and_o the_o inferior_a on_o each_o side_n a_o a_o 2._o the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o fourteen_o inferior_a tribunal_n one_o for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n that_o of_o pe_n kim_v have_v no_o particular_a tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o that_o province_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v a_o a_o 3._o the_o three_o tribunal_n li_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o order_n of_o ceremony_n science_n art_n etc._n etc._n with_o four_o inferior_a tribunal_n a_o a_o 4._o the_o four_o tribunal_n pim_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o provision_n with_o four_o tribunal_n under_o it_o a_o a_o 5._o the_o five_o tribunal_n he_o pu_fw-fr that_o judge_n without_o appeal_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v in_o the_o empire_n with_o fourteen_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o a_o a_o 6._o the_o six_o tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a work_n with_o four_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o b_o b._n the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n seat_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o royal_a palace_n our_o author_n speak_v nothing_o particular_o either_o of_o their_o situation_n or_o fabric_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v all_o build_v like_o the_o former_a the_o first_o which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o stand_v most_o to_o the_o north_n heu_fw-la fu_fw-la or_o the_o rearguard_n the_o second_o tso_n fu_o or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o fu_o or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n fu_o or_o the_o main_a battle_n the_o five_o cien_fw-fr fu_fw-fr or_o the_o vanguard_n neither_o do_v f._n magaillans_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o many_o other_o tribunal_n in_o pe_n kim_v of_o which_o he_o give_v the_o description_n but_o most_o certain_o they_o stand_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o say_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v palace_n and_o tribunal_n in_o such_o street_n as_o in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n and_o in_o other_o part_n mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o emperor_n pomp_n when_o he_o stir_v abroad_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n but_o only_o this_o that_o the_o description_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o end_n a_o aridgment_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o f._n gabriel_n magaillans_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n missionary_n into_o china_n write_v by_o f._n lewis_n buglio_n his_o inseparable_a companion_n for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n and_o send_v from_o pe_n kim_n in_o the_o year_n 1677._o
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
pekim_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o mim_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n which_o be_v grant_v i_o answer_v that_o father_n martin_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a have_v very_o well_o unravel_v those_o difficulty_n and_o correct_v the_o hyperbole_n of_o m._n polo_n who_o like_o a_o young_a man_n as_o he_o be_v have_v enlarge_v many_o thing_n much_o beyond_o the_o truth_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o bridge_n which_o m._n polo_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v in_o kimsai_n and_o which_o father_n martin_n grant_v for_o a_o truth_n i_o can_v so_o easy_o give_v my_o consent_n for_o beside_o that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a the_o chineses_n themselves_o who_o stuff_n their_o write_n with_o so_o many_o impertinent_a particular_n will_v never_o have_v omit_v a_o circumstance_n of_o that_o importance_n also_o what_o m._n polo_n relate_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o several_a bridge_n under_o which_o vessel_n may_v sail_v without_o strike_v their_o mast_n be_v no_o way_n probable_a since_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o so_o ruin_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o trace_n of_o such_o structure_n remain_v thus_o much_o i_o know_v that_o a_o famous_a chinese_n author_n who_o have_v write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o of_o who_o i_o shall_v relate_v many_o thing_n hereafter_o do_v not_o allow_v the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheu_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o kimsai_n above_o five_o considerable_a bridge_n nor_o will_v he_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o that_o extravagant_a height_n of_o the_o bridge_n of_o his_o country_n have_v there_o be_v any_o ground_n for_o his_o so_o do_v the_o rest_n that_o m._n polo_n relate_v concern_v this_o city_n be_v true_a grant_v he_o only_o some_o excursion_n and_o enlargement_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n but_o to_o clear_v all_o dispute_n concern_v this_o same_o city_n of_o kimsai_n more_o especial_o because_o father_n martini_n speak_v of_o this_o ham_n cheù_n in_o his_o atlas_n fol._n 109._o vary_v in_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o oriental_a and_o western_a tartar_n i_o shall_v here_o produce_v a_o extract_n which_o i_o take_v for_o this_o very_a purpose_n out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o china_n to_o the_o end_n then_o that_o family_n may_v be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o necessity_n that_o family_n must_v either_o have_v subdue_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o for_o if_o it_o have_v conquer_v no_o more_o than_o only_o two_o or_o three_o province_n that_o family_n be_v only_o call_v pam-chao_n or_o a_o collateral_a kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o direct_a line_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n those_o than_o that_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o be_v of_o that_o number_n in_o the_o year_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 1200._o a_o captain_n of_o the_o oriental_a tarâ—…ars_n that_o some_o year_n since_o subdue_v this_o empire_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n xansi_fw-fr and_o xantum_fw-la which_o the_o yellow_a river_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o twelve_o thereupon_o he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o name_v his_o family_n tai-leao_a some_o year_n after_o another_o captain_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o get_v possession_n of_o his_o kingdom_n exterminate_v the_o reign_v family_n and_o call_v his_o own_o and_o his_o kingdom_n tai-kinque_a or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1260._o at_o what_o time_n the_o other_o twelve_o province_n be_v subdue_v by_o a_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sûm_fw-la upon_o this_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a minister_n advise_v he_o to_o send_v great_a present_n to_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi who_o have_v a_o little_a before_o subdue_v the_o western_a tartar_n and_o to_o desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o three_o province_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v but_o other_o of_o his_o councillor_n lay_v before_o he_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o provoke_v that_o terrible_a nation_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n or_o molest_v the_o eastern_a with_o who_o they_o have_v for_o several_a year_n preserve_v a_o amicable_a correspondence_n withal_o that_o it_o be_v no_o good_a policy_n to_o expel_v tiger_n and_o bring_v more_o cruel_a lion_n into_o their_o room_n nevertheless_o the_o first_o counsel_n though_o the_o worst_a be_v follow_v and_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi be_v call_v in_o with_o his_o tartar_n already_o the_o vanquisher_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n exterminate_v the_o family_n of_o tai_n kim_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o three_o province_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v finish_v that_o conquest_n perfidious_o they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n of_o china_n who_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o city_n belong_v to_o the_o province_n of_o hônân_n border_v upon_o the_o yellow_a river_n this_o prince_n be_v terrify_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o barbarian_n flee_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la where_o he_o settle_v his_o court._n of_o which_o the_o have_fw-mi no_o soon_o have_v intelligence_n but_o he_o cross_v the_o yellow_a river_n and_o after_o little_a or_o no_o resistance_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honorio_n nam_n nan_n kim_n and_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la and_o consequent_o of_o the_o village_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr which_o m._n polo_n call_v kimsai_n thereupon_o the_o king_n of_o china_n flee_v into_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o of_o quamtum_fw-la where_o have_v embark_a himself_o with_o a_o design_n to_o seek_v out_o foreign_a shelter_n he_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o the_o golf_n of_o the_o island_n of_o haî_fw-la nân_fw-la and_o there_o miserable_o perish_v so_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o china_n submit_v voluntary_o to_o the_o grand_a har._n this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v that_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr and_o kimsai_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o city_n and_o that_o the_o word_n tai_n kim_n do_v not_o signify_v a_o mountain_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o tartary_n as_o it_o be_v imagine_v but_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold._n which_o be_v the_o title_n that_o be_v former_o give_v to_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n note_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n p._n 3._o as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o author_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o preface_n not_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v this_o work_n have_v not_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n make_v out_o the_o original_a of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n nevertheless_o several_a author_n have_v make_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o as_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n to_o pekim_n father_n adam_n schall_n in_o his_o letter_n print_v at_o vienna_n in_o the_o year_n 1665._o and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n of_o china_n print_v this_o year_n by_o which_o author_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o two_o latter_a it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o little_a while_n since_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n now_o master_n of_o china_n have_v have_v any_o king_n and_o that_o the_o original_a of_o those_o princess_n be_v so_o obscure_a that_o as_o modern_a as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v altogether_o intermix_v with_o fable_n father_n adam_n report_v that_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o uncle_n of_o the_o emperor_n xunchi_n the_o father_n of_o he_o that_o now_o reign_v have_v tell_v he_o several_a time_n that_o it_o be_v about_o ten_o generation_n since_o that_o three_o nymph_n or_o goddess_n call_v augela_n chaugula_n and_o foecula_n descend_v from_o heaven_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o a_o river_n of_o tartary_n that_o foecula_n have_v discover_v under_o her_o clothes_n which_o she_o leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o sort_n of_o nightshade_n or_o herb_n call_v alkakengi_n with_o red_a fruit_n devour_v it_o with_o such_o a_o greedy_a appetite_n that_o she_o become_v with_o child_n that_o her_o two_o companion_n return_v to_o heaven_n she_o remain_v upon_o earth_n till_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o boy_n which_o she_o suckle_v and_o afterward_o leave_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o river_n tell_v he_o that_o she_o be_v return_v to_o heaven_n but_o that_o a_o fisherman_n will_v come_v and_o take_v
care_n of_o his_o education_n which_o happen_v according_o that_o this_o child_n become_v a_o man_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n and_o that_o his_o son_n and_o grand_a child_n rule_v this_o country_n but_o that_o in_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o people_n rebel_v against_o this_o family_n which_o they_o defeat_v and_o exterminate_v all_o but_o one_o who_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n this_o prince_n be_v close_o pursue_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o run_v any_o far_a sit_v himself_o down_o upon_o the_o ground_n despair_v to_o save_v his_o life_n at_o what_o time_n a_o magpie_n come_v and_o perch_v upon_o his_o head_n and_o delude_v his_o enemy_n who_o take_v he_o for_o the_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o not_o for_o a_o man._n and_o thus_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v as_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o thus_o far_o the_o relation_n be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o original_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v very_o obscure_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o illustrious_a or_o renown_a that_o which_o follow_v be_v certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o regard_v the_o person_n such_o as_o he_o be_v live_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o make_v himself_o sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o chinese_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n who_o the_o chinese_n mandarin_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v murder_v and_o of_o other_o outrage_n commit_v against_o his_o nation_n father_n adam_n say_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o moncheu_o which_o father_n martini_n take_v for_o a_o great_a city_n the_o emperor_n van-liè_a give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o same_o valley_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o small_a principality_n he_o be_v call_v tiel_n mini_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1628._o his_o son_n a_o person_n of_o more_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n continue_v the_o war_n till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o cumtè_fw-fr his_o son_n in_o some_o measure_n complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o die_v before_o he_o obtain_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o his_o son_n xunchi_fw-la at_o the_o age_n of_o six_o year_n be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n at_o pekim_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1662._o leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n camtri_n the_o monarch_n reign_v at_o present_a this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n of_o father_n adam_n confirm_v by_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n by_o father_n rouge-mount_n in_o his_o historia_n tartaro-sinica_a and_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o justify_v himself_o for_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n see_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o this_o age_n that_o their_o prince_n have_v derive_v their_o original_a from_o a_o petty_a captain_n of_o a_o hord_n or_o chief_a leader_n of_o banditi_n or_o wander_a tartar_n here_o we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o northern_a asia_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n into_o western_a and_o eastern_a the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n night-wanderer_n with_o their_o flock_n and_o herd_n and_o live_v in_o tent_n but_o the_o western_a be_v incomparable_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o eastern_a in_o regard_n they_o possess_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o persian_a and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o which_o they_o possess_v entire_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o saint_n lewis_n the_o eastern_a tartary_n reach_v from_o the_o country_n of_o leaotûm_fw-la beyond_o japon_n and_o comprehend_v the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr to_o the_o north_n of_o corea_n the_o province_n of_o niulhan_n to_o the_o north_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr that_o of_o yupi_n to_o the_o east_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr and_o the_o country_n of_o yâ—…co_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o japon_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o yupi_n but_o these_o country_n be_v poor_a and_o ill_o people_v there_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o little_a city_n in_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v barren_a uncultivated_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n verbiest_n nevertheless_o these_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a formidable_a when_o they_o be_v unite_v as_o be_v harden_v to_o labour_n in_o a_o rigorous_a climate_n and_o almost_o always_o ahorleback_n and_o employ_v in_o hunt_v or_o busy_v in_o war._n they_o make_v themselves_o know_v by_o their_o incursion_n into_o china_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o age_n after_o the_o incarnation_n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n pekim_n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la and_o xantum_fw-la but_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reign_v in_o china_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n that_o they_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o destinct_a sovereign_n and_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o tienâ—…um_n great_a grand_a father_n to_o the_o emperor_n reign_v at_o present_a when_o he_o enter_v into_o china_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v soon_o increase_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n which_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o prodigious_a booty_n draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n p._n 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v mahometan_n and_o which_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o name_n of_o chahamalaha_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o very_o believe_v in_o any_o map_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o relation_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v by_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o place_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v samahania_n and_o which_o as_o he_o do_v i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n or_o of_o mauralnara_n of_o which_o samarcand_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n for_o that_o we_o know_v not_o of_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o mahometan_n to_o the_o west_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o there_o be_v several_a considerable_a city_n palace_n and_o house_n artificial_o build_v and_o good_a architecture_n store_n of_o gold_n and_o silver-plate_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v the_o country_n of_o samahania_n or_o samahan_n by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n martini_n nor_o must_v we_o be_v surprise_v that_o the_o chineses_n assure_v we_o that_o this_o kingdom_n border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la for_o that_o they_o never_o travel_v towards_o the_o west_n nor_o have_v any_o other_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n situate_v westward_o than_o what_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o the_o caravan_n that_o come_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o trade_n in_o china_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n for_o the_o merchant_n make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n to_o get_v leave_n to_o enter_v into_o china_n which_o will_v be_v otherwise_o deny_v they_o they_o rendezvous_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o travel_n of_o benedict_n goez_n insert_v into_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigaut_n but_o former_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o tamerlan_n who_o make_v samarcand_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o world_n they_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o that_o city_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o merchant_n to_o give_v themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n assume_v to_o themselves_o to_o be_v all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n and_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o want_v the_o letter_n r_o and_o easy_o confound_v c._n with_o h_n write_v samahand_o instead_o of_o samarcand_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o the_o chineses_n observe_v the_o merchant_n arrive_v à _fw-la sucheu_fw-la the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o style_v themselves_o all_o native_n of_o samahan_n or_o samarcand_n may_v ready_o believe_v that_o samahan_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la p._n 3._o usanguè_fw-fr this_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o country_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v usucang_v and_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v sifan_n situate_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n
of_o suchuen_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n call_v it_o also_o the_o country_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o china_n p._n 3._o father_n antony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n etc._n etc._n father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n travel_v twice_o into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n the_o relation_n of_o his_o second_o travel_n in_o the_o year_n 1624._o with_o father_n concalo_fw-la de_fw-fr sousa_n which_o be_v print_v at_o lisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o speak_v very_o clear_o of_o china_n for_o there_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr or_o ussang_n and_o that_o ussang_n be_v not_o above_o forty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o caparange_n where_o the_o king_n of_o tibet_n keep_v his_o court_n and_o where_o those_o father_n arrive_v from_o agra_n in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a pass_v through_o sirinagar_n as_o for_o catai_n in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o tibet_n be_v very_o ignorant_a they_o speak_v of_o it_o very_o confuse_o to_o father_n andrada_n to_o who_o they_o assert_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o great_a city_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o relation_n and_o by_o the_o atlas_n of_o father_n martini_n who_o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o not_o to_o the_o north_n where_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o map_n place_v it_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o father_n benedict_n goez_n in_o his_o travel_n which_o he_o make_v always_o to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n travel_v continual_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o china_n p._n 5._o the_o tartarian_a alphabet_n which_o we_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o due_a place_n father_n magaillans_n not_o be_v able_a to_o perfect_v his_o work_n have_v not_o give_v we_o this_o tartarian_a alphabet_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grammar_n make_v by_o father_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n which_o will_v sudden_o be_v print_v at_o paris_n p._n 6._o mangi_n or_o mantzu_n barbarian_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n in_o his_o letter_n write_v from_o china_n 1598._o and_o print_v in_o latin_a at_o mayence_n in_o 1601._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o chineses_n call_v those_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la mangi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v barbarian_n manginos_n that_o be_v barbarous_a people_n which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o father_n magaillans_n p._n 10._o stone-coal_n and_o stove_n of_o china_n almost_o all_o author_n that_o speak_v of_o china_n agree_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n the_o cold_a be_v much_o more_z intense_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o climate_n and_o situation_n under_o the_o forty_o or_o forty_o second_o degree_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o stove_n which_o be_v very_o common_a and_o build_v all_o alike_o in_o all_o those_o northern_a province_n see_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigant_n l._n 4._o c_o 3_o father_n semedo_n part_n 1._o c._n 3._o and_o father_n martini_n atlas_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la and_o pekim_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o they_o dig_v their_o coal_n be_v very_o near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o pimko_n and_o be_v call_v kie_fw-mi and_o siu_n vu_fw-fr p._n 12._o that_o which_o cause_v m._n polo_n to_o commit_v these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o three_o league_n etc._n etc._n father_n martini_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n confirm_v this_o conjecture_n in_o these_o word_n the_o river_n lu._n keu_o which_o be_v also_o call_v sangean_o pass_v to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o royal_a city_n you_o cross_v over_o a_o stately_a bridge_n where_o a_o man_n may_v count_v several_a arch_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o river_n that_o run_v to_o the_o west_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o bridge_n build_v over_o it_o and_o that_o this_o be_v that_o of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o name_n of_o sangean_n which_o father_n martini_n give_v it_o and_o that_o of_o sangean_n or_o buli_n sangan_n as_o m._n polo_n call_v it_o father_n greslon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o speak_v of_o a_o eastern_a bridge_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o a_o admirable_a structure_n above_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n of_o which_o two_o arch_n be_v break_v and_o father_n magaillans_n tell_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o those_o two_o arch_n the_o nine_o of_o august_n 1668._o to_o which_o father_n greslon_n add_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n fall_v the_o 26._o of_o the_o month_n of_o aug._n the_o same_o year_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v call_v lo-co-kaio_a that_o it_o have_v be_v build_v a_o thousand_o year_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o six_o league_n from_o pekim_n the_o father_n rouge-mount_n and_o intorcetta_n in_o their_o relation_n confirm_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n 1668._o three_o thousand_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v and_o the_o first_o of_o those_o father_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o bridge_n be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n p._n 15._o these_o reason_n of_o father_n magaillans_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a because_o his_o opinion_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o those_o that_o have_v write_v concern_v china_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o as_o father_n adam_n a_o german_a father_n greslon_n a_o frenchman_n father_n semedo_n a_o italian_a father_n rouge-mount_n a_o fleming_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o that_o father_n martini_n have_v not_o be_v follow_v by_o any_o but_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o embassy_n who_o have_v either_o copy_v or_o borrow_v from_o father_n martini_n all_o that_o he_o speak_v concern_v china_n except_o the_o gest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n from_o camtum_fw-la to_o pekim_n and_o their_o negotiation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n the_o one_o have_v imitate_v the_o other_o in_o his_o orthography_n father_n greslon_n also_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o relation_n prove_v against_o father_n martini_n that_o the_o chinese_n word_n ought_v to_o be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o p._n 16._o we_o can_v add_v several_a other_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o catai_n be_v no_o other_o than_o china_n deduce_v from_o the_o silk_n many_o fruit_n plant_n and_o animal_n which_o according_a to_o m._n polo_n breed_v and_o grow_v in_o china_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o tartary_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o often_o bandy_v about_o for_o these_o hundred_o year_n and_o all_o author_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a have_v prove_v it_o by_o so_o many_o different_a argument_n beside_o what_o our_o author_n allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o time_n ill_o spend_v to_o labour_v any_o more_o about_o it_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v no_o person_n now_o that_o question_n or_o can_v doubt_v of_o it_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v wilful_o blind_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o man_n may_v former_o be_v delude_v be_v this_o because_o that_o when_o the_o western_a tartar_n undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n there_o be_v two_o emperor_n the_o one_o be_v the_o real_a chinese_n emperor_n of_o the_o family_n sum_n who_o possess_v the_o twelve_o southern_a province_n the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o possess_v the_o three_o northern_a province_n the_o country_n of_o leaotum_n and_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n these_o two_o emperor_n be_v vanquish_v one_o after_o the_o other_o and_o their_o kingdom_n subdue_v between_o the_o year_n 1225._o and_o 1280._o this_o be_v grant_v it_o may_v be_v ready_o apprehend_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o the_o oriental_a author_n and_o such_o as_o have_v hear_v talk_n of_o those_o conquest_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o real_a emperor_n of_o china_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n as_o now_o we_o know_v it_o and_o that_o the_o other_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o empire_n be_v more_o northerly_a live_v in_o tartary_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n where_o for_o that_o reason_n our_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v
semedo_n will_v have_v the_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o chinese_n pace_n of_o six_o cubit_n each_o and_o the_o father_n martini_n and_o magaillans_n assert_v it_o to_o contain_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o father_n trigaut_n and_o father_n semedo_n allow_v five_o chinese_n furlong_n to_o a_o italian_a mile_n of_o sixty_o to_o a_o degree_n father_n martini_n four_o and_o a_o six_o part_n father_n magaillans_n in_o the_o computation_n which_o he_o make_v of_o himself_o allow_v four_o furlong_n and_o a_o half_a to_o every_o italian_a mile_n father_n trigaut_n believe_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o go_v three_o hundred_o chinese_n furlong_n to_o one_o degree_n father_n semedo_n two_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o but_o the_o father_n adam_n martini_n and_o magaillans_n admit_v no_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o which_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o two_o last_o make_v fourscore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o chinese_n pace_n or_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o chinese_n cubit_n or_o foot_n but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o both_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o the_o modern_a geographer_n be_v all_o in_o a_o mist_n before_o the_o academy_n of_o science_n find_v out_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o a_o degree_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v till_o the_o jesuit_n which_o the_o king_n have_v send_v to_o china_n send_v we_o the_o exact_a itinerary_n measure_v of_o that_o country_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o martini_n and_o magaillans_n conformable_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o chinese_n cubit_n mark_v down_o by_o the_o latter_a and_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o a_o degree_n measure_v by_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o academy_n of_o science_n we_o know_v well_o that_o there_o be_v in_o china_n two_o certain_a measure_n which_o be_v the_o chè_fw-fr or_o chinese_n cubit_n or_o foot_n and_o the_o puù_fw-fr or_o pace_n or_o the_o chinese_n fathom_n the_o 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fathom_v to_o a_o furlong_n you_o admit_v no_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o and_o then_o multiply_v they_o by_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o furlong_n the_o product_n will_v be_v sixty_o five_o thousand_o puù_n or_o chinese_n pace_n which_o approach_v so_o near_o to_o sixty_o five_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o puù_n or_o pace_n to_o which_o i_o have_v equal_v the_o fifty_o seven_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o fathom_n of_o paris_n which_o compose_v a_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o academy_n of_o science_n that_o the_o difference_n hardly_o amount_v to_o a_o furlong_n these_o thing_n be_v grant_v it_o follow_v that_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n amount_v to_o foot_n of_o the_o guild-hall_n of_o paris_n 342360_o geometrical_a pace_n each_o of_o five_o parisian_a foot_n 68462_o fathom_n of_o paris_n six_o foot_n each_o 57060_o chè_fw-fr or_o chinese_n foot_n or_o cubit_n which_o be_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o paris_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o 391268_o puù_n or_o chinese_n pace_n or_o fathom_n each_o of_o six_o chè_fw-fr or_o foot_n and_o which_o be_v to_o the_o geometrical_a pace_n as_o 10â…š_n to_o 10_o or_o 42_o to_o 40_o and_o to_o the_o fathom_n of_o paris_n as_o 7_o to_o 8._o 65211â—…_n 〈◊〉_d of_o furlong_n at_o 260_o puù_n or_o pace_n and_o which_o amount_v to_o about_o double_a the_o furlong_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n 250_o miles_n 60_o to_o the_o degree_n at_o 4_o 1_o 6_o furlong_n each_o and_o 1086â—…_n puù_n or_o pace_n or_o more_o true_o 1086_o 300_o 420_o 60_o sea_n league_n of_o a_o hour_n at_o 12_o 1_o 6_o furlong_n or_o at_o 〈◊〉_d puù_n or_o pace_n each_o 20_o these_o computation_n may_v serve_v to_o rectify_v the_o measure_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o as_o well_o in_o this_o relation_n as_o in_o other_o till_o the_o jesuit_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o china_n give_v we_o the_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o cubit_n or_o foot_n of_o the_o pace_n or_o fathom_n and_o the_o furlong_n of_o the_o chinese_n whence_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o gather_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n in_o china_n b._n p._n 36._o in_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v of_o the_o exploit_n of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n cham_n hien_n chum_n etc._n etc._n from_o this_o relation_n it_o be_v that_o martini_n have_v take_v what_o he_o write_v of_o cham_n hien_n chum_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n as_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o there_o he_o confirm_v what_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o independent_a prince_n in_o certain_a province_n of_o china_n by_o another_o example_n of_o a_o sovereign_a princess_n in_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge who_o come_v in_o man_n apparel_n to_o the_o succour_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n in_o the_o stead_n of_o her_o son_n who_o be_v a_o infant_n he_o relate_v that_o she_o perform_v with_o she_o own_o hand_n many_o valiant_a exploit_n as_o well_o against_o the_o tartar_n as_o against_o the_o rebel_n father_n couplet_n also_o in_o his_o chronology_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o amazon_n or_o independent_a princess_n the_o great_a encomium_n that_o magaillans_n give_v in_o this_o place_n to_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la one_o of_o the_o adopt_a son_n of_o the_o tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la may_v perhaps_o awaken_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o understand_v what_o become_v of_o he_o at_o length_n to_o which_o purpose_n i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o what_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o history_n of_o father_n rouge-mount_n who_o alone_o make_v mention_n of_o he_o after_o the_o cruel_a tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la be_v slay_v and_o his_o army_n defeat_v by_o the_o tartar_n sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la retire_v with_o a_o small_a force_n into_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n which_o he_o valiant_o defend_v for_o some_o year_n against_o the_o tartar_n for_o he_o defeat_v they_o in_o several_a encounter_n and_o win_v so_o high_a a_o reputation_n by_o his_o valour_n and_o by_o his_o glorious_a achievement_n that_o he_o be_v declare_v emperor_n by_o his_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 1650._o but_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o other_o emperor_n of_o the_o royal_a race_n call_v yum_n liè_fw-fr grandchild_n to_o the_o emperor_n van_fw-mi liè_fw-fr who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1620._o this_o young_a prince_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o quei_z cheu_o and_o in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la but_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o the_o tartar_n have_v reconquer_v all_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la fall_v upon_o that_o of_o quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o constrain_v yum_n liè_fw-fr to_o fly_v for_o shelter_n into_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_o where_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la be_v sole_a
passion_n keep_v it_o bind_v and_o chain_v it_o come_v to_o be_v obscure_v and_o trouble_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o information_n by_o put_v of_o question_n to_o the_o end_n the_o rational_a heart_n may_v be_v deliver_v from_o its_o bondage_n and_o slavery_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v the_o chain_n and_o fetter_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a beauty_n light_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o tarnished_a mirror_n be_v polish_a recover_v its_o former_a luster_n the_o second_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o people_n for_o example_n i_o who_o be_o a_o king_n a_o magistrate_n a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n etc._n etc._n if_o i_o have_v already_o purify_v my_o rational_a nature_n it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o she_o may_v be_v able_a to_o communicate_v herself_o to_o other_o man_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o corruption_n and_o defilement_n of_o vice_n and_o evil_a custom_n and_o i_o ought_v to_o deal_v so_o by_o my_o people_n as_o i_o do_v with_o garment_n when_o they_o be_v spot_v or_o besmear_v for_o if_o they_o be_v well_o wash_v and_o scour_v they_o become_v clean_a and_o handsome_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consist_v in_o attain_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n this_o sovereign_a good_a be_v the_o sovereign_a accord_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o reason_n when_o great_a man_n enlighten_v their_o intelligent_a nature_n and_o renew_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o people_n they_o do_v it_o not_o by_o haphazard_n or_o without_o design_n but_o all_o their_o end_n be_v to_o bring_v their_o virtue_n to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o single_a person_n among_o the_o people_n who_o virtue_n be_v not_o renew_v or_o who_o be_v not_o renew_v by_o virtue_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o a_o degree_n so_o sublime_a and_o to_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a excellency_n they_o may_v be_v assure_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o sovereign_n good_a like_o those_o who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o tiresome_a journey_n at_o length_n come_v to_o their_o own_o home_n may_v say_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o final_a end_n of_o their_o travel_n these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o necessary_a and_o principal_a thing_n in_o that_o book_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o mantle_n or_o outward_a garment_n that_o cover_v the_o clothes_n or_o as_o the_o string_n that_o hold_v a_o row_n of_o bead_n together_o these_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o chinese_n commentator_n here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o possible_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o proper_a than_o these_o word_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la to_o explain_v the_o function_n of_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o be_v oblige_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o perfect_v himself_o and_o next_o his_o neighbour_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good_a which_o be_v god_n the_o supreme_a and_o utmost_a end_n of_o all_o thing_n nevertheless_o the_o chineses_n be_v pagan_n and_o carnal_o mind_a people_n have_v accommodate_v these_o three_o point_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o like_a politician_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n and_o ultimate_a end._n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n do_v understand_v there_o be_v a_o god._n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o oppose_v their_o learned_a man_n in_o dispute_n i_o frequent_o make_v use_v of_o this_o dilemma_n either_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la do_v understand_v what_o he_o design_v or_o he_o do_v not_o if_o he_o do_v understand_v what_o he_o define_v he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o sovereign_n good_a of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o which_o you_o also_o aught_o to_o know_v and_o adore_v as_o well_o as_o he_o if_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o he_o define_v be_v god_n himself_o he_o be_v very_o ignorant_a since_o as_o you_o yourselves_o confess_v the_o syllable_n chi_fw-mi and_o xen_fw-mi signify_v that_o sovereign_n good_a which_o contain_v and_o comprehend_v all_o other_o which_o be_v a_o attribute_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o may_v have_v but_o only_o to_o god_n alone_o some_o there_o be_v who_o be_v touch_v with_o heavenly_a grace_n submit_v to_o the_o truth_n other_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v and_o unwilling_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la be_v ignorant_a rather_o choose_v to_o abide_v in_o their_o error_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o pride_n and_o passion_n and_o cry_v they_o will_v come_v again_o another_o time_n note_n upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v nothing_o far_o to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v concern_v the_o chinese_n language_n the_o nature_n and_o genius_n of_o which_o he_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o as_o for_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n semedo_n who_o full_o confirm_v what_o here_o f._n magaillans_n avouch_v i_o must_v only_o observe_v this_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o give_v we_o in_o this_o place_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o give_v we_o former_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o aâ—…ia_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o great_a wiâ—…s_n but_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o strong_o confirm_v in_o his_o opinion_n have_v he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o if_o they_o who_o best_o invent_v most_o sudden_o and_o easy_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v more_o subtle_a and_o better_a wit_n than_o other_o the_o chineses_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o nation_n since_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o invent_v letter_n paper_n printing_n ponder_n fine_a porcelaine_n aâ—…d_v their_o own_o character_n though_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o many_o science_n for_o want_v of_o communication_n with_o other_o people_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v accomplish_v in_o moral_a philosophy_n to_o which_o they_o sole_o bend_v their_o study_n for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o wit_n be_v so_o quick_a and_o apprehensive_a that_o they_o understand_v with_o ease_n when_o they_o read_v the_o book_n which_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n have_v write_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o difficult_a question_n as_o well_o in_o mathematics_n and_o philosophy_n as_o in_o theology_n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v some_o who_o will_v not_o so_o ready_o believe_v what_o i_o assert_v but_o i_o can_v assure_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a christian_n and_o infidel_n also_o who_o understand_v without_o any_o instruction_n as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o their_o discourse_n the_o question_n concern_v god_n and_o the_o trinity_n which_o they_o have_v read_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o saint_n thomas_n translate_v by_o father_n buglio_n what_o kingdom_n be_v there_o whatever_o the_o number_n of_o the_o university_n be_v which_o it_o contain_v where_o there_o be_v above_o ten_o thousand_o licentiate_n as_o in_o china_n of_o which_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o meet_v every_o three_o year_n at_o pe_n kim_v where_o after_o several_a examination_n there_o be_v admit_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o kingdom_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o scholar_n as_o there_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n in_o china_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o country_n where_o the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o so_o common_a in_o regard_n that_o in_o all_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o the_o southern_a there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n poor_a or_o rich_a citizen_n or_o husbandman_n that_o can_v both_o write_v and_o read._n and_o in_o short_a i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o region_n unless_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v publish_v so_o many_o book_n as_o the_o chineses_n have_v do_v the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v almost_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o deluge_n as_o begin_v not_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a time_n by_o several_a author_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o volume_n which_o their_o history_n contain_v they_o have_v several_a book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o nature_n her_o property_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v true_a they_o intermix_v mistake_n and_o impertinence_n with_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v
jurisdiction_n he_o take_v care_n to_o solicit_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o city_n to_o make_v quick_a payment_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o take_v no_o less_o care_n of_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n coast_n in_o their_o quarter_n they_o that_o look_v after_o the_o river_n be_v call_v honorio_n tao_o and_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n hâ—…_n tao_o all_o these_o mandarin_n belong_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n call_v co_n tao_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n whether_o capital_a or_o no_o have_v a_o tribunal_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n or_o territory_n preside_v who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o be_v call_v chi_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o have_v three_o assessor_n the_o first_o call_v tum_o chi_fw-mi the_o second_o tum_o puâ—…n_n and_o the_o three_o chui_fw-fr quen_n who_o be_v of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n they_o be_v also_o call_v second_o three_o and_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o chair_n or_o of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o city_n in_o regard_n the_o precedent_n be_v call_v the_o first_o lord_n the_o first_o chair_n and_o the_o first_o city_n there_o be_v four_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v kim_n lie_v chu_o sum_o chaos_n mo_z and_o kim_n kâ—…ao_o which_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o pe_n kim_n all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v provide_v with_o such_o mandarin_n as_o these_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n or_o that_o the_o territory_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o number_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v double_v the_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n call_v cheu_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o capital_n 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other_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o precedent_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_fw-fr and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n he_o have_v also_o two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v hien_n chim_z of_o the_o eight_o order_n and_o the_o second_o who_o be_v of_o the_o nine_o be_v call_v chu_n pu_fw-fr he_o have_v also_o a_o three_o under_o he_o who_o be_v call_v tien_n sum_o who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n but_o if_o he_o acquit_v himself_o well_o of_o his_o employment_n for_o three_o year_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n give_v he_o a_o certificate_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o superior_a city_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o capital_a the_o last_o governor_n certify_v to_o the_o two_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o they_o to_o the_o viceroy_n the_o viceroy_n write_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o they_o to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n who_o inform_v the_o king_n and_o by_o he_o general_o he_o be_v make_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n this_o be_v the_o road_n which_o the_o mandarin_n observe_v for_o their_o promotion_n to_o new_a dignity_n but_o this_o good_a fortune_n never_o befall_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purchase_v it_o by_o present_n proportionable_a to_o what_o they_o may_v squeeze_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o trade_n be_v drive_v as_o open_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o establish_a law_n among_o they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o justice_n and_o employment_n be_v sell_v as_o at_o a_o outry_n all_o over_o the_o empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o the_o king_n who_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a all_o the_o rest_n regard_v nothing_o but_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o of_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v i_o will_v bring_v you_o one_o example_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n there_o be_v a_o young_a gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v simon_n a_o very_a good_a christian_n who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n by_o a_o particular_a favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n show_v he_o in_o regard_n his_o father_n viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o â—…n_n si_fw-la be_v slay_v fight_v against_o a_o army_n of_o robber_n that_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o province_n the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o employment_n be_v expire_v he_o be_v advance_v to_o be_v mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o employment_n he_o repair_v to_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o another_o city_n yet_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o recompense_n of_o his_o service_n due_o perform_v the_o king_n refer_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d present_o letter_n be_v send_v he_o from_o that_o tribunal_n to_o leâ—…_n he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o will_v deposit_v in_o a_o three_o hand_n fourteen_o vâ—…n_n of_o silver_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n they_o will_v give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o â—…un_n â—…m_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o trade_n and_o the_o rich_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o this_o virtuous_a christian_a return_v for_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o have_v such_o a_o sum_n by_o he_o nay_o though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o he_o will_v never_o go_v about_o to_o move_v for_o any_o more_o employment_n in_o regard_n a_o small_a sum_n than_o that_o will_v suffice_v he_o to_o live_v at_o his_o ease_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n at_o great_a interest_n as_o other_o do_v by_o which_o they_o be_v force_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o to_o glut_v their_o insatiate_a avarice_n to_o turn_v real_a tyrant_n and_o greedy_a wolf_n that_o devour_v the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o miserable_a people_n wherever_o they_o come_v which_o they_o be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v so_o that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o that_o employment_n to_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o purchase_v it_o but_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o what_o sell_v to_o his_o â—…t_n now_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o write_v as_o many_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v mandarin_n that_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o little_a thin_a board_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o vessel_n and_o every_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o name_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o man_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o tribunal_n the_o tablet_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o person_n draw_v the_o city_n which_o he_o desire_v however_o this_o artifice_n fail_v a_o mandarin_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o who_o have_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n to_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o have_v promise_v he_o the_o ready_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a for_o he_o draw_v a_o miserable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quei_z cheu_o the_o most_o remote_a and_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n thereupon_o the_o wretched_a and_o unfortunate_a mandarin_n quite_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n at_o his_o ill_a success_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o tribunal_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o mandarin_n rise_v up_o all_o in_o a_o rage_n for_o they_o draw_v upon_o their_o knee_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o be_v undo_v and_o throw_v off_o
unprovided_a of_o reason_n as_o to_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o real_a son_n of_o heaven_n but_o only_o that_o he_o be_v a_o adopt_a son_n who_o heaven_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o the_o government_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n nevertheless_o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o title_n demonstrate_v not_o a_o little_a presumption_n in_o those_o that_o ascribe_v and_o in_o he_o that_o assume_v they_o but_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n excusable_a in_o a_o pagan_a people_n and_o which_o inhabit_v a_o empire_n so_o spacious_a so_o puissant_a and_o so_o flourish_a so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o king_n never_o make_v use_v of_o they_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o himself_o for_o in_o private_a he_o only_o use_v the_o word_n ngo_n or_o i_o and_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o when_o he_o speak_v in_o public_a seat_v upon_o his_o throne_n he_o use_v the_o word_n chin_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o no_o other_o person_n but_o himself_o can_v make_v use_n of_o it_o wherein_o he_o be_v more_o modest_a than_o many_o of_o our_o prince_n who_o be_v continual_o swell_v out_o the_o catalogue_n of_o their_o affect_a title_n with_o new_a addition_n the_o most_o part_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n create_v duke_n marquess_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n but_o he_o outvie_v they_o in_o this_o that_o of_o late_a day_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o a_o power_n of_o make_v god_n and_o idol_n it_o be_v former_o a_o custom_n in_o this_o empire_n that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v desirous_a to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o any_o illustrious_a person_n for_o the_o great_a service_n which_o he_o have_v do_v the_o kingdom_n he_o build_v he_o up_o after_o his_o death_n a_o magnificent_a palace_n where_o his_o name_n be_v usual_o set_v up_o engrave_v in_o gold_n with_o title_n and_o encomium_n proportionable_a to_o his_o merit_n for_o example_n somewhat_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v in_o china_n a_o most_o renown_a captain_n who_o for_o several_a year_n defend_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o people_n and_o restore_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n to_o its_o ancient_a lustre_n after_o he_o have_v win_v several_a famous_a victory_n with_o vast_a labour_n and_o toil_n with_o great_a expense_n of_o blood_n and_o at_o length_n the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n while_o brave_o fight_v against_o the_o rebel_n of_o his_o king_n and_o country_n therefore_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o so_o much_o fidelity_n and_o so_o many_o heroic_a action_n the_o emperor_n resolve_v after_o his_o death_n to_o keep_v up_o that_o honour_n which_o he_o have_v so_o well_o preserve_v in_o his_o life-time_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o build_v he_o a_o magnificent_a temple_n wherein_o he_o put_v his_o statue_n and_o declare_v he_o emperor_n of_o all_o china_n this_o valiant_a captain_n and_o several_a other_o of_o equal_a virtue_n be_v now_o adore_v as_o pagod_n or_o deity_n by_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o chinese_n who_o forget_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v only_o to_o honour_v virtuous_a person_n and_o to_o excite_v and_o encourage_v other_o by_o their_o example_n to_o be_v valiant_a and_o faithful_a lose_v by_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o they_o former_o have_v obtain_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a god_n and_o plunge_v themselves_o headlong_o into_o idolatry_n at_o present_v the_o king_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o privilege_n to_o deisie_n who_o they_o please_v as_o it_o be_v ancient_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o rome_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o produce_v two_o instance_n that_o merit_v observation_n when_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n first_o enter_v into_o china_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o emperor_n van_fw-mi lie_v who_o reign_n which_o last_v eight_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v no_o less_o happy_a for_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o all_o along_o maintain_v in_o peace_n and_o plenty_n than_o he_o himself_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o family_n for_o he_o make_v choice_n for_o tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o a_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n of_o state_n a_o person_n of_o great_a policy_n and_o great_a learning_n who_o name_n be_v châ—…_n kâ—…_n cheâ—…_n this_o person_n abuse_v the_o easy_a freedom_n which_o he_o have_v of_o enter_v into_o the_o palace_n which_o his_o great_a reputation_n and_o dignity_n allow_v he_o insinuate_v himself_o into_o that_o familiarity_n with_o the_o emperor_n mother_n that_o she_o abandon_v herself_o entire_o to_o the_o lust_n of_o that_o great_a officer_n which_o when_o the_o emperor_n come_v to_o understand_v he_o forthwith_o put_v he_o to_o death_n as_o for_o the_o lady_n she_o lay_v deep_o to_o heart_n the_o asfront_n and_o death_n of_o the_o colao_n and_o fear_v the_o same_o destiny_n herself_o within_o a_o few_o day_n fall_v sick_a and_o die_v but_o then_o the_o emperor_n in_o some_o measure_n to_o repair_v the_o reputation_n of_o his_o mother_n by_o give_v her_o honour_n more_o than_o ordinary_a solemn_o declare_v that_o she_o be_v kieu_n lien_n pu_fw-fr sa_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o goddess_n of_o nine_o flower_n and_o erect_v her_o temple_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n where_o she_o be_v adore_v under_o this_o title_n as_o the_o courtesan_n flora_n be_v honour_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o goddess_n of_o flower_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o colao_n the_o mandarin_n advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v the_o commentary_n which_o he_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o book_n compose_v by_o cu_z sum_z sius_fw-la but_o he_o answer_v they_o with_o his_o wont_a prudence_n that_o he_o only_o punish_v his_o evil_a deed_n and_o not_o the_o good_a work_n which_o he_o have_v make_v for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n in_o short_a that_o commentary_n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a piece_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v upon_o that_o subject_a it_o be_v full_a of_o moral_a discourse_n well_o handle_v full_a of_o solid_a maxim_n and_o argument_n and_o of_o clear_a and_o true_a decision_n of_o many_o difficult_a controversy_n and_o for_o those_o reason_n it_o be_v a_o book_n which_o our_o father_n who_o have_v acquire_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n study_v very_o much_o it_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o bonze_a of_o the_o sect_n of_o those_o that_o never_o shave_v their_o head_n yet_o marry_o by_o the_o chineses_n call_v tao_n su_n so_o insinuate_v himself_o into_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o prince_n then_o reign_v by_o mean_n of_o his_o skill_n in_o chemistry_n and_o after_o that_o by_o his_o magic_a art_n and_o other_o diabolical_a invention_n that_o he_o not_o only_o esteem_v he_o as_o one_o that_o be_v more_o than_o a_o man_n during_o his_o life_n but_o also_o after_o his_o death_n declare_v he_o god_n and_o lord_n of_o heaven_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o star_n by_o these_o two_o example_n it_o be_v evident_a how_o great_a the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v a_o almighty_a god_n of_o a_o feeble_a miserable_a man_n and_o to_o what_o a_o excess_n the_o flattery_n of_o the_o learned_a extend_v itself_o who_o not_o only_o approve_v but_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o action_n so_o contrary_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o reason_n which_o give_v we_o a_o opportunity_n to_o convince_v they_o with_o the_o great_a ease_n in_o the_o world_n by_o this_o dilemma_n either_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o this_o pagod_n or_o this_o deity_n or_o this_o pagod_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o king._n if_o they_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v say_v we_o that_o the_o king_n throw_v himself_o upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o pagod_n and_o adore_v he_o by_o bow_v his_o head_n to_o the_o earth_n why_o do_v he_o offer_v he_o incense_n why_o do_v he_o implore_v of_o he_o long_o life_n for_o himself_o and_o peace_n for_o his_o kingdom_n with_o several_a other_o blessing_n iâ—…_n they_o say_v as_o usualthey_v do_v that_o the_o pagod_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o we_o answer_v they_o thus_o this_o power_n can_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o only_o that_o he_o be_v a_o pagod_n now_o it_o be_v the_o king_n that_o make_v the_o pagod_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o he._n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v that_o the_o pagod_n have_v no_o power_n we_o ask_v they_o whether_o the_o king_n can_v grant_v they_o long_a life_n health_n child_n etc._n etc._n they_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v
towards_o the_o street_n with_o little_a house_n on_o both_o side_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o apartment_n then_o you_o enter_v into_o a_o fine_a court_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o stand_v another_o gate_n and_o there_o be_v the_o second_o apartment_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o more_o spacious_a court_n join_v to_o a_o great_a hall_n appoint_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o stranger_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o three_o court_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o four_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n reside_v behind_o which_o lie_v a_o five_o court_n and_o a_o five_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n lay_v his_o jewel_n his_o most_o costly_a furniture_n and_o his_o lumber_n beyond_o there_o be_v a_o garden_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o a_o six_o apartment_n with_o a_o little_a door_n in_o the_o middle_a which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o upon_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n upon_o the_o east_n and_o west_n side_n of_o these_o court_n be_v building_n of_o mean_a value_n which_o serve_v for_o cellar_n larder_n storehouse_n and_o other_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n only_o in_o the_o court_n adjoin_v to_o the_o great_a gate_n live_v the_o domestic_a servant_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n thus_o the_o house_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o wealthy_a person_n be_v usual_o contrive_v but_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n take_v up_o more_o ground_n and_o have_v more_o room_n large_a and_o high_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n all_o thing_n be_v so_o well_o regulate_v in_o china_n that_o neither_o the_o mandarin_n nor_o great_a lord_n can_v build_v their_o house_n but_o conformable_a to_o what_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law._n note_n upon_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n this_o chapter_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o curious_a because_o it_o contain_v a_o very_a large_a description_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o china_n and_o the_o spacious_a palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o the_o other_o relation_n without_o exception_n speak_v very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o general_o that_o very_o confuse_o too_o but_o that_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o the_o ambassador_n live_v always_o retire_v in_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o their_o reception_n and_o as_o for_o the_o missionary_n they_o never_o see_v pe_n kim_v unless_o it_o be_v only_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o when_o they_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o last_o persecution_n so_o that_o unless_o it_o be_v father_n adam_n father_n ferdinand_n verbrest_n and_o f._n magaillans_n there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v instruct_v we_o perfect_o of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o indeed_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o have_v give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o it_o after_o a_o residence_n in_o those_o part_n of_o near_o five_o and_o twenty_o year_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o reader_n better_a satisfaction_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o a_o more_o distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o place_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o the_o description_n a_o ground-plot_n or_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n which_o i_o have_v draw_v out_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n and_o pain_n not_o put_v in_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o i_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n from_o the_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o this_o translation_n and_o the_o follow_a note_n you_o will_v find_v also_o thaâ—…_n though_o this_o description_n be_v very_o curious_a yet_o it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o perfect_a have_v it_o have_v a_o more_o exact_a draught_n of_o the_o city_n and_o emperor_n palace_n in_o general_n and_o more_o draught_n and_o particular_a design_n of_o several_a palace_n as_o wâ—…ll_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o also_o of_o the_o temple_n triumphal_a arch_n and_o bridge_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o may_v be_v well_o cement_n with_o this_o relation_n till_o the_o 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v go_v to_o china_n by_o the_o king_n command_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o send_v we_o something_o more_o complete_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v not_o mark_v down_o above_o seventy_o street_n for_o that_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o form_n and_o situation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v we_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o spacious_a city_n beside_o that_o the_o relation_n do_v not_o ascertain_v the_o number_n and_o for_o that_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o draught_n will_v not_o allow_v we_o to_o set_v down_o any_o more_o every_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n etc._n etc._n 265._o father_n martini_n allow_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n no_o more_o than_o the_o compass_n of_o forty_o chinese_n furlong_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o believe_v father_n magaillans_n who_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o make_v they_o forty_o eight_o furlong_n in_o circuit_n father_n martini_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o emperor_n tai_n sungus_fw-la the_o three_o of_o the_o family_n of_o tai_n mim_fw-mi who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1404._o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n call_v this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z or_o yum_n io_n and_o say_v moreover_o that_o he_o do_v not_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o nam_n kim_n to_o pe_n kim_v till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o year_n 1411._o it_o have_v nine_o gate_n and_o not_o twelve_o as_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o 265._o what_o our_o author_n say_v here_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v confirm_v by_o peter_n semedo_n father_n adam_n schall_n and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronoloâ—…_n who_o all_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v but_o nine_o gate_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v they_o build_v a_o new_a square_a city_n of_o which_o every_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n 265._o etc._n etc._n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o gate_n open_v into_o a_o suburb_n etc._n etc._n here_o i_o meet_v with_o three_o difficulty_n that_o very_o much_o puzzle_v i_o the_o first_o as_o to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o new_a city_n the_o second_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o gate_n and_o the_o three_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o two_o city_n father_n magaillans_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n be_v square_a and_o that_o each_o side_n be_v six_o furlong_n in_o length_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o new_a city_n will_v be_v twenty_o four_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o circumference_n and_o the_o ground-plot_n will_v be_v but_o a_o four_o part_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o take_v up_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o old_a city_n do_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v too_o small_a for_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o because_o that_o father_n adam_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n the_o tartar_n reserve_v the_o old_a city_n for_o themselves_o and_o constrain_v all_o the_o chineses_n to_o retire_v into_o the_o neâ—…_n which_o be_v so_o small_a can_v never_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v they_o 〈◊〉_d â—…h_v the_o rather_o because_o he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v in_o good_a paâ—…_n inhabit_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n second_o because_o the_o same_o father_n positive_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—…er_n by_o â—…ur_fw-fr furlong_n than_o the_o old_a one_o but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d â—…he_fw-mi north_n to_o the_o south_n it_o be_v not_o above_o half_a 〈◊〉_d â—…ad_v as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d city_n 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o new_a city_n can_v not_o be_v above_o 〈◊〉_d furlong_n broad_a as_o f._n magaillans_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v be_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o four_o in_o circumference_n now_o father_n adam_n be_v a_o testimony_n of_o great_a authority_n as_o well_o as_o 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n and_o therefore_o to_o reconcile_v they_o both_o together_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n conclude_v that_o f._n magaillans_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o new_a city_n or_o the_o side_n that_o look_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o west_n which_o be_v not_o full_a out_o six_o furlong_n in_o length_n nevertheless_o until_o we_o have_v better_a information_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o behoove_v we_o to_o reject_v the_o description_n of_o f._n magaillans_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o draught_n i_o have_v make_v the_o new_a city_n perfect_o square_a leave_v to_o every_o man_n his_o liberty_n to_o adhere_v to_o which_o opinion_n he_o please_v according_a to_o these_o measure_v the_o circuit_n of_o the_o ancient_a
hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v cover_v with_o square_a tile_n green_a yellow_a and_o blue_a which_o be_v so_o range_v as_o to_o represent_v beast_n flower_n and_o horn_n in_o abundance_n this_o be_v suppose_v the_o palace_n take_v up_o the_o space_n or_o part_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o other_o part_n be_v for_o the_o collateral_a palace_n which_o we_o be_v go_v to_o describe_v and_o by_o consequence_n stand_v within_o the_o innermost_a enclosure_n the_o first_o be_v call_v venus_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o flourish_a learning_n it_o serve_v the_o king_n for_o two_o uses_n first_o for_o his_o retirement_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o discourse_v of_o science_n or_o any_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n second_o for_o his_o more_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o fast_n that_o be_v most_o usual_a among_o the_o chinese_n which_o they_o observe_v four_o time_n a_o year_n and_o be_v general_o answerable_a to_o our_o four_o season_n for_o when_o they_o design_v to_o perform_v their_o solemn_a sacrifice_n they_o fast_o the_o three_o precede_a day_n and_o last_o when_o they_o will_v implore_v the_o favour_n and_o mercy_n of_o heaven_n in_o any_o public_a calamity_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n pestilence_n earthquake_n or_o extraordinary_a inundation_n during_o these_o day_n the_o mandarin_n live_v apart_o from_o their_o wife_n and_o remain_z day_n and_o night_n in_o their_o tribunal_n never_o eat_v any_o flesh_n nor_o drink_v wine_n nor_o discourse_n of_o any_o business_n especial_o in_o criminal_a matter_n the_o emperor_n also_o keep_v himself_o solitary_a in_o his_o palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n the_o second_o palace_n be_v just_a over_o against_o the_o former_a on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o same_o imperial_a hall_n and_o be_v call_v vu_z in_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n thither_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o consultation_n when_o the_o kingdom_n be_v alarm_v by_o any_o revolt_n or_o by_o pirate_n or_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n upon_o the_o frontier_n these_o two_o palace_n have_v every_o one_o four_o apartment_n with_o their_o court_n and_o a_o royal_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n with_o stair_n and_o a_o open_a walk_n or_o gallery_n round_o about_o of_o white_a marble_n wrought_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o principal_a palace_n but_o much_o less_o the_o court_n be_v garnish_v on_o each_o side_n with_o hall_n and_o chamber_n the_o architecture_n of_o which_o be_v very_o exquisite_a and_o paint_v within_o side_n with_o vermillion_a varnish_n intermix_v with_o gold_n and_o azure_a and_o what_o we_o say_v of_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o three_o or_o second_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tum_o sien_a tien_n or_o the_o palace_n where_o honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o actual_o reign_v those_o king_n be_v seat_v upon_o their_o royal_a throne_n in_o a_o magnificent_a hall_n adorn_v with_o stair_n and_o gallery_n and_o all_o other_o convenience_n like_o the_o rest_n before_o mention_v their_o image_n be_v make_v of_o eagle-wood_n saunders_n or_o some_o other_o odoriferous_a and_o precious_a wood_n and_o adorn_v with_o sumptuous_a habit_n before_o the_o image_n be_v place_v sumptuous_a table_n with_o candlestick_n chafer_n and_o other_o costly_a ornament_n and_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o ceremony_n there_o be_v a_o offer_v make_v they_o of_o several_a table_n cover_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exquisite_a viand_n the_o four_o palace_n or_o second_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v gin_fw-mi chi_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o mercy_n and_o prudence_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a they_o set_v he_o in_o a_o rich_a chair_n which_o be_v ready_o prepare_v and_o which_o sixteen_o eunuch_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o royal_a hall_n of_o this_o palace_n where_o there_o be_v a_o estrade_n and_o a_o rich_a bed_n upon_o which_o they_o lie_v the_o body_n soon_o after_o with_o a_o world_n of_o ceremony_n and_o funeral_n music_n they_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coffin_n which_o cost_v no_o less_o than_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o crown_n it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a wood_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge call_v come_v cio_o mo_z or_o peacock-wood_n in_o regard_n the_o line_n and_o vein_n of_o it_o form_n certain_a figure_n that_o represent_v the_o eye_n in_o a_o peacock_n tail._n the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o this_o wood_n which_o be_v certain_o very_o curious_a and_o precious_a preserve_v dead_a body_n from_o corrupt_a for_o many_o year_n afterward_o the_o funeral_n pomp_n be_v perform_v in_o this_o palace_n with_o so_o many_o ceremony_n and_o with_o so_o much_o cost_n that_o it_o will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o long_a and_o curious_a relation_n the_o chineses_n after_o they_o have_v stop_v up_o all_o the_o seam_n and_o jointure_n of_o the_o coffin_n with_o bitumen_n to_o prevent_v the_o exhalation_n of_o any_o offensive_a smell_n usual_o leave_v the_o body_n for_o several_a month_n and_o sometime_o for_o several_a year_n in_o the_o same_o place_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v the_o corpse_n of_o a_o father_n or_o mother_n for_o who_o they_o wear_v mourn_v for_o three_o year_n because_o say_v they_o they_o can_v endure_v to_o part_v with_o they_o as_o for_o the_o king_n after_o the_o funeral_n obsequy_n be_v perform_v with_o a_o magnificence_n incredible_a and_o befit_v so_o great_a a_o monarch_n they_o carry_v he_o to_o be_v inter_v in_o the_o imperial_a wood._n for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o place_n where_o the_o royal_a sepulcher_n be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o grandeur_n of_o it_o the_o palace_n the_o wealth_n and_o ornament_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o the_o wall_n that_o environ_v it_o the_o mandarin_n and_o other_o servant_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o continual_a attendance_n and_o the_o soldier_n that_o guard_v it_o will_v well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a relation_n the_o five_o palace_n or_o three_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tsu_n he_o cum_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o compassion_n and_o joy._n here_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n keep_v his_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n the_o six_o and_o three_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v kim_n ho_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o union_n and_o flourish_a this_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v for_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v they_o be_v usual_o send_v to_o the_o capital_a or_o some_o other_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o have_v palace_n build_v to_o receive_v they_o of_o a_o astonish_a magnificence_n i_o have_v see_v three_o 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they_o the_o intermixture_n of_o bird_n no_o less_o remarkable_a for_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o feather_n than_o for_o their_o bigness_n as_o peacock_n eagle_n swan_n crane_n green_a red_a and_o white_a parrot_n and_o several_a other_o the_o name_n of_o which_o i_o can_v tell_v among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v call_v la_fw-fr cui_fw-la or_o the_o bird_n with_o a_o bill_n of_o wax_n by_o reason_n the_o bill_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o wax_n it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o blackbird_n but_o the_o feather_n of_o a_o ash_n colour_n this_o bird_n learn_v whatever_o be_v teach_v she_o with_o that_o docility_n that_o she_o do_v thing_n incredible_a for_o all_o alone_a she_o will_v act_v a_o comedy_n she_o will_v put_v on_o a_o vizor_n handle_v a_o sword_n a_o lance_n or_o ensign_n make_v on_o purpose_n for_o she_o she_o play_v at_o chess_n and_o perform_v several_a action_n and_o motion_n with_o such_o a_o lively_a grace_n as_o charm_n the_o spectator_n so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v which_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n the_o natural_a instinct_n of_o the_o bird_n or_o the_o industry_n of_o he_o that_o teach_v she_o the_o eight_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o vast_a platform_n and_o be_v call_v the_o mansion_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o middle_n the_o king_n of_o china_n be_v wont_a to_o go_v to_o the_o royal_a hall_n of_o this_o palace_n to_o see_v three_o thousand_o eunuch_n arm_v at_o all_o point_n perform_v their_o military_a exercise_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o their_o pretend_a valour_n but_o the_o tartar_n have_v suppress_v this_o ridiculous_a divertisement_n beside_o these_o palace_n there_o be_v within_o the_o two_o enclosure_n a_o great_a number_n of_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o idol_n of_o which_o there_o be_v four_o more_o famous_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o be_v also_o call_v palace_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o largeness_n the_o multitude_n of_o their_o apartment_n and_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o architecture_n the_o first_o be_v call_v tai_n quam_fw-la mim_fw-mi or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a light_n it_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o star_n which_o we_o call_v north_n star_n and_o the_o chinese_n pe_n teu_n they_o believe_v that_o constellation_n to_o be_v a_o god_n and_o that_o it_o have_v power_n to_o grant_v they_o long_a life_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o prince_n offer_v their_o oblation_n in_o this_o temple_n where_o there_o be_v no_o idol_n to_o be_v see_v but_o only_o a_o cartridge_n or_o linen_n roll_n surround_v with_o a_o sumptuous_a square_a border_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o god_n pe_n teu_n this_o temple_n stand_v within_o the_o inner_a wall_n the_o other_o three_o be_v seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n the_o second_o be_v call_v tai_n cao_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o sovereign_a emperor_n this_o be_v the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o that_o famous_a and_o loyal_a deify_v captain_n of_o who_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v who_o be_v call_v quan_fw-mi ti._n of_o he_o they_o implore_v long_a life_n child_n honour_n riches_n and_o all_o the_o blessing_n of_o this_o life_n not_o mind_v or_o dream_v of_o any_o other_o for_o that_o the_o chinese_n place_n all_o their_o happiness_n and_o final_a end_n in_o sensible_a object_n and_o pleasure_n but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o we_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o two_o next_o we_o be_v to_o premise_v that_o to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n there_o lie_v a_o kingdom_n call_v by_o the_o indian_n tibet_n and_o by_o the_o western_a tartar_n tumet_fw-la where_o father_n anthony_n andrada_n travel_v about_o forty_o five_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o perform_v alike_o both_o function_n as_o well_o of_o king_n as_o of_o high_a priest_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o dignity_n he_o order_v all_o thing_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o be_v perpetual_a and_o absolute_a superior_a over_o all_o the_o lama_n or_o idolatrous_a priest_n of_o that_o country_n these_o lama_n be_v usual_o clad_v in_o red_a and_o yellow_a habit_n which_o hang_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o straight_a sleeve_n and_o a_o mantle_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n one_o side_n of_o which_o they_o fling_v under_o their_o right_a arm_n and_o throw_v it_o back_o upon_o the_o left_a shoulder_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o apostle_n be_v paint_v as_o if_o they_o have_v imitate_v in_o that_o the_o apostle_n st._n thomas_n who_o according_a to_o all_o probability_n come_v into_o china_n and_o reside_v there_o for_o some_o time_n for_o the_o history_n and_o chronicle_n of_o china_n relate_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o family_n have_fw-mi what_o time_n our_o saviour_n be_v both_o bear_v and_o die_v there_o come_v from_o the_o indies_n into_o this_o empire_n a_o certain_a holy_a man_n who_o name_n be_v tamo_n who_o preach_v and_o teach_v a_o holy_a law_n that_o the_o bonze_v oppose_v it_o and_o prosecute_v the_o holy_a man_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a he_o return_v into_o india_n that_o he_o carry_v a_o staff_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o go_v bareheaded_a and_o that_o one_o day_n design_v to_o cross_v the_o great_a river_n of_o kiam_fw-la or_o sun_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o find_v that_o no_o body_n will_v receive_v he_o into_o a_o boat_n by_o reason_n that_o all_o people_n have_v a_o prejudice_n against_o he_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o bonze_n he_o walk_v over_o the_o river_n without_o wet_v his_o foot_n many_o other_o miracle_n and_o wonderful_a action_n of_o the_o same_o saint_n be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o same_o story_n nor_o ought_v it_o to_o seem_v strange_a that_o the_o chineses_n call_v he_o tamo_n instead_o of_o tomas_n for_o as_o we_o pronounce_v the_o chinese_n word_n so_o do_v they_o mistake_v and_o altar_n the_o word_n of_o other_o nation_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v they_o again_o and_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pronounce_v any_o strange_a name_n more_o especial_o such_o word_n as_o be_v spell_v with_o the_o letter_n r._n or_o any_o word_n consist_v of_o several_a syllable_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v so_o misplace_v the_o vowel_n place_v a_o in_o the_o first_o syllable_n whereas_o they_o shall_v have_v put_v it_o in_o the_o last_o nay_o the_o portuguese_n do_v worse_a than_o they_o in_o say_v tome_n and_o substitute_v e_z in_o the_o place_n of_o a._n f._n anthony_n andrada_n also_o have_v make_v the_o same_o mistake_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n where_o he_o write_v lamba_n instead_o of_o lama_n mean_v the_o idolatrous_a priest_n before_o mention_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o lama_n at_o pe_n kim_n but_o they_o be_v not_o esteem_v either_o by_o the_o chinese_n or_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o china_n because_o they_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o wicked_a manner_n and_o the_o impertinency_n of_o the_o law_n which_o they_o teach_v and_o the_o ridiculousness_n of_o their_o idol_n for_o though_o the_o emperor_n permit_v they_o to_o reside_v at_o court_n and_o some_o few_o year_n since_o order_v two_o temple_n to_o be_v erect_v for_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o idolatrous_a worship_n he_o do_v not_o do_v it_o out_o of_o any_o kindness_n which_o he_o have_v for_o they_o but_o out_o of_o mere_a reason_n of_o state_n to_o prevent_v by_o mean_n of_o their_o credit_n the_o eastern_a tartar_n from_o enterprize_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o for_o though_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o tartar_n be_v equal_o valiant_a yet_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n who_o be_v not_o very_o numerous_a be_v afraid_a of_o the_o western_a who_o multitude_n be_v infinite_a beside_o the_o esteem_n and_o veneration_n which_o the_o latter_a have_v for_o the_o lama_n be_v almost_o incredible_a for_o they_o no_o soon_o behold_v these_o priest_n at_o a_o distance_n but_o they_o be_v present_o seize_v with_o fear_n and_o compunction_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o meet_v the_o tartar_n alight_v from_o his_o horse_n throw_v away_o his_o bonnet_n and_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n embrace_n the_o lama_n foot_n and_o kiss_v the_o low_a hemm_n of_o his_o garment_n with_o a_o zeal_n and_o devotion_n unexpressible_a which_o he_o show_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o countenance_n his_o hand_n and_o his_o whole_a body_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o lama_n with_o a_o formal_a gravity_n reach_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tartra_n head_n and_o draw_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o lozenge_n
father_n gabriel_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n a_o native_a of_o portugal_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 1609._o he_o spend_v his_o first_o year_n in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o of_o his_o uncle_n who_o be_v a_o canon_n and_o who_o take_v care_n to_o educate_v he_o in_o piety_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o god._n afterward_o he_o study_v in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n in_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o conimbre_n where_o move_v by_o the_o good_a example_n of_o those_o father_n he_o resolve_v to_o forsake_v the_o world_n and_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o society_n at_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o a_o noviciate_n he_o beg_v leave_v that_o he_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o mission_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n which_o will_v not_o be_v grant_v he_o however_o till_o he_o have_v complete_v his_o study_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o philosophy_n he_o arrive_v at_o goa_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o where_o he_o be_v immediate_o employ_v to_o teach_v rhetoric_n to_o the_o young_a religious_a of_o the_o house_n two_o year_n afterward_o he_o earnest_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o mission_n of_o japan_n which_o be_v with_o great_a reluctancy_n at_o length_n consent_v to_o by_o his_o superior_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a progress_n which_o their_o scholar_n make_v under_o such_o a_o master_n when_o he_o arrive_v at_o macao_n the_o father_n visitor_n order_v he_o to_o teach_v philosophy_n to_o which_o he_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o settle_v himself_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o come_v a_o christian_a mandarin_n who_o discharge_v he_o from_o that_o employment_n and_o indeed_o the_o father_n visitor_n be_v willing_a to_o lay_v hold_n of_o the_o opportunity_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n by_o his_o mean_n to_o get_v the_o liberty_n of_o send_v a_o person_n of_o merit_n into_o china_n to_o assist_v the_o missionary_n there_o for_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o person_n in_o the_o whole_a college_n who_o be_v proper_a for_o that_o country_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o f._n magaillans_n observe_v so_o favourable_a a_o conjuncture_n earnest_o beg_v the_o employment_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o as_o soon_o thereupon_o he_o depart_v with_o the_o mandarin_n and_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n of_o han_n cheu_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la where_o the_o vice_n provincial_a then_o reside_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o there_o come_v intelligence_n from_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge that_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v go_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o mission_n there_o be_v fall_v sick_a and_o want_v a_o companion_n thereupon_o father_n magaillans_n offer_v himself_o and_o obtain_v leave_v to_o go_v and_o assist_v he_o and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o journey_n of_o above_o four_o month_n from_o ham_n cheu_fw-la to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o suchuen_n nevertheless_o he_o fortunate_o arrive_v there_o and_o become_v a_o great_a help_n to_o father_n buglio_n and_o than_o it_o be_v that_o he_o apply_v himself_o with_o great_a industry_n to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o he_o learn_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a ease_n two_o year_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o violent_a persecution_n against_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n raise_v by_o the_o bonze_v of_o that_o province_n who_o assemble_v together_o in_o great_a number_n from_o the_o neighbour_a city_n accuse_v the_o father_n of_o rebellion_n in_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o that_o metropolis_n the_o chief_a mandarin_n therefore_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n fear_v a_o revolt_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o kingdom_n be_v turmoil_v with_o several_a insurrection_n order_v that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v well_o drub_v and_o then_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o province_n but_o they_o put_v their_o confidence_n in_o god_n assistance_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o 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he_o his_o own_o order_n what_o to_o do_v according_o within_a half_a a_o hour_n he_o send_v three_o person_n the_o most_o considerable_a in_o his_o court_n with_o a_o elegy_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o father_n two_o hundred_o taels_n or_o about_o fourscore_o pound_n and_o ten_o great_a piece_n of_o damask_n for_o his_o shroud_n with_o command_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o customary_a ceremony_n before_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o to_o bewail_v he_o after_o the_o usual_a manner_n which_o the_o two_o messenger_n do_v shed_v a_o great_a number_n of_o tear_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o whole_a assembly_n the_o elegy_n which_o the_o king_n give_v the_o father_n be_v in_o these_o word_n i_o understand_v that_o nghan_n ven_o sum_o for_o by_o that_o name_n they_o call_v the_o father_n in_o china_n be_v dead_a of_o a_o distemper_n i_o make_v he_o this_o writing_n in_o consideration_n that_o while_o my_o father_n live_v who_o be_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o our_o family_n 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the_o decease_a because_o he_o have_v order_v they_o to_o accompany_v it_o to_o the_o grave_a which_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a honour_n however_o the_o father_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o give_v notice_n to_o their_o friend_n of_o his_o death_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o disturbance_n it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o mind_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o friend_n and_o mandarin_n who_o come_v with_o their_o present_n to_o perform_v the_o usual_a ceremony_n while_o other_o send_v their_o eulogy_n and_o encomium_n upon_o the_o father_n write_v up_o on_o white_a satin_n some_o day_n before_o he_o be_v bury_v the_o same_o three_o person_n come_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n pleasure_n his_o funeral_n shall_v be_v very_o magnificent_a so_o that_o the_o father_n as_o well_o to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o to_o show_v their_o high_a value_n of_o the_o elegy_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v send_v they_o make_v more_o than_o 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colour_n this_o elegy_n be_v attend_v by_o several_a christian_a eunuch_n of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o that_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n afterward_o appear_v three_o other_o litter_n adorn_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o silk_n in_o the_o first_o be_v carry_v the_o cross_n in_o the_o second_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o in_o the_o three_o the_o picture_n of_o st._n michael_n these_o litter_n observe_v a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o space_n between_o there_o go_v a_o great_a number_n of_o christian_n of_o which_o some_o carry_v lanthern_n some_o banner_n and_o other_o censor_n other_o carry_v wax_v taper_n sweet_a odour_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o that_o in_o another_o banner_n be_v carry_v the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o father_n surround_v with_o piece_n of_o silk_n which_o the_o king_n have_v order_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o the_o life_n three_o year_n before_o together_o with_o the_o picture_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o father_n by_o a_o famous_a painter_n of_o the_o palace_n this_o picture_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o christian_n among_o which_o there_o be_v above_o threescore_o in_o mourn_v the_o father_n come_v last_o and_o just_a before_o the_o stately_a coffin_n which_o be_v â—…t_v into_o a_o hearse_n varnish_v over_o with_o god_n and_o vermillion_n under_o a_o canopy_n of_o a_o rich_a piece_n of_o red_a velvet_n which_o be_v environ_v with_o certain_a piece_n of_o white_a and_o blue_a damask_n and_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n the_o coffin_n be_v carry_v by_o seventy_o man_n who_o have_v every_o one_o a_o mourn_a bonnet_n upon_o their_o head_n and_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o coffin_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o front_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o rear_n above_o a_o mile_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o enterrment_n the_o response_n be_v sing_v with_o other_o usual_a prayer_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o christian_n to_o which_o purpose_n eight_o christian_a mandarin_n in_o surplice_n assist_v the_o father_n that_o perform_v the_o office._n the_o christian_n also_o sing_v with_o great_a devotion_n the_o litany_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o then_o the_o body_n be_v put_v into_o a_o sepulchre_n make_v of_o brick_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o ceremony_n be_v over_o you_o may_v hear_v the_o lamentation_n and_o moan_n of_o the_o whole_a assembly_n accompany_v with_o tear_n that_o show_v the_o reality_n of_o their_o grief_n the_o three_o person_n also_o send_v from_o the_o emperor_n perform_v their_o part_n and_o three_o day_n after_o they_o return_v by_o the_o king_n order_n and_o pay_v the_o same_o funeral_n respect_v as_o upon_o the_o burial_n day_n never_o be_v see_v in_o this_o court_n a_o funeral_n so_o magnificent_a whether_o you_o consider_v the_o multitude_n of_o those_o that_o be_v at_o it_o their_o modesty_n their_o tear_n and_o their_o sincere_a sorrow_n or_o the_o honour_n do_v to_o the_o party_n decease_a by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elegy_n which_o he_o give_v he_o contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n so_o high_o have_v this_o good_a father_n merit_v all_o a_o long_a the_o mark_n of_o esteem_n that_o be_v bestow_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o modesty_n which_o he_o show_v in_o all_o his_o action_n by_o his_o extreme_a charity_n for_o all_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o towards_o the_o poor_a by_o his_o affability_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n by_o the_o hardship_n which_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o love_n of_o god_n â—…d_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n though_o at_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o life_n and_o reputation_n the_o king_n understanding_n by_o the_o person_n who_o he_o have_v depute_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o funeral_n and_o with_o what_o pomp_n and_o decency_n it_o have_v be_v perform_v be_v extreme_o satisfy_v so_o that_o when_o the_o father_n go_v to_o return_v their_o thanks_o to_o his_o majesty_n he_o make_v they_o approach_v very_o near_o his_o person_n entertain_v they_o with_o a_o particular_a sweetness_n and_o favour_n and_o cheer_v they_o for_o their_o loss_n with_o expression_n full_a of_o goodness_n and_o sincerity_n finis_fw-la letter_n of_o peter_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n pag._n 221._o pag._n 250._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 265._o pag._n 267._o