Heaven And if they may find a Book with Gospels such as Missus est Angelus they do it great Worship and they fast one Moneth in the year and eat only a night and they keep them from their Wives but they that are sick are not constrained to it And their Book Alkaron speaketh of Jews and saith they are wicked people for they will not believe that Iesus Christ is of God Further they say that the Jews speak falsly of our Lady and her Son Iesus Christ in saying that they did not hang him on the Cross. Their Book Alkaron forbiddeth Murther and Theft and commandeth them to do so to others as they would have others do to them for the Sarasins believe so near our Naith that they are easily converted when men preach the Law of Iesus Christ. They say also that they know right well by their Prophesies that their Law of Mahomet shall fail as the Jews Law doth and that the Law of Christians shall last to the Worlds end And if a man ask them wherein they believe they say that they believe in God Almighty that is the Maker of Heaven and Earth all other things and without him is nothing done and at the day of Iudgment every man shall be rewarded after his deserving and that all things are truth that God spake by the mouth of his Prophets CHAP. XLV Yet further concerning Mahomet ALso Mahomet had writ in his Book Alkaron that every man should have two Wives or three or four but now they have nine and as many Lemmans as them liketh and it any of these Wives do wrong to their Husbands he may drive her out of his House and take in another but he must give part of his goods Moreover where men speak of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost they say that they are not three Persons but one God for their Book Alkaron speaketh not thereof nor of the Trinity but they say that God spake or else he was dumb and that God had a Ghost or else he was not alive They say Gods Word hath great strength and so saith their Alkaron and they say that Abraham and Moses were greatly in favour with God for they spake with him and Mahomet was a true Messenger of God and they have many good Articles of our Faith and some understand the Scriptures Prophets Gospels and the Bible for they have them written in their Language In their manner they know holy Writ but they understand it but after the Letter and so do the Iews for they understand it not Spiritually but after their Letter and therefore saith Saint Paul Litera occidit Spiritus autem vivificar that is the Letter killeth but the Spirit quickneth The Sarasins likewise say that the Jews are wicked for they keep not the Law of Moses which he gave them and also Christians are evil for they keep not the Commandments of the Gospel that Iesus Christ sent unto them And further I shall tell you what the Soldan told me upon day in his Chamber shutting out all other men as Lords Knights and others for he would speak with me in counsel and then he asked me how Christians governed themselves in our Country I answered him and said Right well thanks be to God but he said secretly nay for he said that our Priests made no force of Gods Service for they should give good example to men to do well and they give ill example and therefore when the people should go on the Holy days to Church to serve God they go to the Tavern to sin in gluttony both day and night eating and drinking as Beasts that wot not when they have enough He said also that there was much contention among Christians and one would defraud another and they were so proud that they wist not how to clothe them now short now long now strait now wide and of all fashions whereas they should be humble and meek giving their alms as Iesus Christ did in whom they believe He said also that they were so covetous that for a little money they would sell their children sisters or wives one man taking another mans wife and no man keeping his promise Therefore said he for their sins hath God given these Lands to our hands and not through our strength but all for your sins For we know certainly that while ye truly serve God he will help you so that no man shall win of you if that ye serve God as ye ought to do but while ye live so sinfully as ye do we have no dread of you for God will not help you And then I asked him how he knew the state of Christians in that manner and he said that he knew well the state both of Lords and of Commons by his Messengers which he sent through all the Countries as it were Merchants with precious Stones and other Merchandise to know the manner of every Country And then he did call again all the Lords into his Chamber to us and then shewed he unto me three persons that were great Lords of that Country who shewed unto me the manner of my Country and of all Christendom as though they had béen men born in the same parts and they spake French right well and the Soldan also and then I had great marbel of this slander of our Faith and so they that should be turned by our good examples to the Faith of Iesus Christ they are drawn away through our evil living and therefore it is no wonder if that they call us evil for they say truth but the Sarasins are true for they keep truly the Commandments of their Alkaron CHAP. XLVI Of the Birth of Mahomet ANd ye shall understand that Mahomet was born at Ithareb in Araby and his Father was a Painim and his Mother a Jew their names were Abdal and Hâ—mna and they were but poor folk and he was first a poor drudge and kept horse and afterward he followed Merchandise And it befell sometime that Christians become Sarasins either through poverty simpleness or wickedness and therefore their Archbishop when he received them said Laelles ella Mahomet ros sella that is to say there is no God but one and Mahomet is his Messenger And seeing I have told you a part of their Law and their Customs Now I shall tell you of their Letters with their Names First they have for a almoy b bethat c cathi d delphy e ethoti f thy g gatophin h hecum i iochi k kathi l lothum m malach n nahalht o orthy p thâ—zui q zoâ—hii r ruchelat s chotimus t salathy v yrichom x mâ—zâ—r z zâ—lâ—phin johe-tâ—ncon these are the names Four Letters have they yet more for diversity of their Language forasmuch as they speak so in their throats as we have in our Language and speech in England Two Letters more they also have in their A. B. C. that is to say the which are called thrane and zawx CHAP. LVII
earth nor in water they thought that the body of Christ would have stunk therefore they made the piece that went from the Earth upwards of Cypress so that the smell of his Body should grieve no man that came by and that overtwart was made of Palm in signification of Victory and the Table wherein the Title was was made of Olive for it betokened peace as the Story of Noe witnesseth when the Dove brought the Branch of Olive it betokened peace made between God and Man And ye shall understand that the men that dwell beyond the Sea say that the piece of the Cross that was of Cypress was of the Tree that Adam eat the apple of for so they find written They say also that their Scripture saith that when Adam was sick he willed his Son Seth that he should go to Paradice and pray the Angel that kept Paradice that he would send him Oyl of the Tree of Mercy for to annoint him that he might have health and Seth went but the Angel would not let him come at the Gate but said unto him that he might not have of the Oyl of mercy but he gave him thrée kernels of the same Trée that his Father eat the Apple of and bad him as soon as his Father was dead that he should put those kernels under his tongue and bury him and he did so and of these three kernels sprang a tree and the Angel said when the trée bare fruit then should Adam be made whole And when Seth came again and found his Father dead he did with the kernels as the Angel commanded him of which came three trees whereof a Cross was made that bare good Fruit that is our Saviour Iesus Christ through whom Adam and all that came of him shall be delivered from everlasting death if it be not their own default This holy Cross had the Iews hid under the Earth in the Rock of the Mount Calvary and it lay there two hundred years and more as they say unto the time that St. Elene found it which St. Elene was the Daughter of Coel king of England and then was called Brittain and after married to Constantius first Consul and after Emperour of Rome who had by her issue Constantine the Great born in England and afterward Emperour of Rome which Constantine turned the name of Bizantium into Constantinople he reedified that City and made it the Monarchal Seat of all Europe and Asia minor Also the Cross was in length eight cubits and the piece that went overthwart was three cubits and ā half CHAP. II. Of the Islands of Greece At Constantinople is the Emperors Palace which is fair and richly built and therein is a place for Iusting made about with Stages that every man may well see without hindring of one another Vnder these Stages are vaulted Stables for the Emperors Horses and all the Pillars are of Marble Within the Church of St. Sophie an Emperor would have laid the body of his Father when he was dead and as they made the Grave they found a Body in the Earth and upon the Body lay a great Plate of fine Gold and thereupon was written in Hebrew Greek and Latin Letters these words Jesus Christus nascetur de Virgine Maria ego credo in eum that is Iesus Christ shall be born of the Virgin Mary and I believe in him And the date was that it lay in the Earth two hundred years before our Lord Iesus Christ was born and yet is that Plate in the Treasury of the Church and it is thought that Hermogenes the wise man writ it And although the men of that Country be Christians yet nevertheless they vary from our Faith for they say that the holy Ghost procéedeth not from the Son but from the Father only neither are they obedient to the Church of Rome nor to the Pope but they say that their Patriarchs have as much power there as the Pope hath at Rome And therefore Pope John the xxii sent Letters to them how that Christians should be all one and that they should be obedient to the Pope and among divers answers they sent him this for one Potentiam tuam summam circa subjectos tuos firmiter credimus Superbitatem tuam sustinere non possumus Avaritiam tuam satiare non intendimus Dominus tecum sit quia Dominus nobiscum est Vale. That is We believe well that thy power is great over thy Subjects We may not suffer thy pride We are not purposed to fulfill thy covetousness Our Lord be with thée for our Lord is with us Farewell Other answer might he not have of them And also they make their Sacrament of the Altar of tharf Bread because our Lord made it of tharf Bread when he made his Maundy and on Shrove-thursday make they their Bread in token of the Maundy and they dry it in the Sun and keep it all the year and give it to sick men And they make but one Vnction when they Christen children and they anoint no sick men also they say there is no purgatory and that souls shall have neither joy nor pain untill the day of Doom And they say that Fornication is no deadly sin but a kindly thing and that men and women should wed but once and whoso weddeth more than once their Children are Bastards and gotten in sin and their Priests also are Wedded and they say that Vsury or Simony is no deadly sin and they sell Benefices of the Church and so do men of other places but it is great pity for now Simony reigneth in the holy Church God amend it when his will is and they say that Lay-men should not sing Mass but on the Saturday and on the Sunday and they fast on the Saturday no time in the year unless it be Christmass or Easter-even And they suffer no man that is on this side the Greek sea to sing at their Altars and if it fall out that one do then they wash their Altar without tarrying with holy water and they say that there should be but one Mass said at one Altar in a day And they say that our Lord did never eat meat but he made a shew of eating And also they say that we sin deadly in shaving off our Beards for the Beard is a token of a man and a gift of our Lord and they say that we sin in eating Beasts that were forbidden in the old Law as Swine Hares and other Beasts And this they say that we sin in eating of Flesh on the day before Ashwednesday and in eating of Flesh on the Wednesday and when we eat Cheese or Eggs on the Friday and they curse all those that eat no flesh on the Saturday Also the Emperour of Constantinople maketh the Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops and he giveth all the Dignities of Churches and depriveth them that are unworthy Although it be so that these touch not any way nevertheless they shall serve to shew a part of the Customs
time many good men and holy Hermits of whom the Book of the Fathers Lives make mention but now they are inhabited by Painims and Sarasins yet when it pleaseth God as these Lands were lost through the sin of Christians so through the help of God by Christians they shall be won again In the middest of this Church is a Tomb in the which Joseph of Aramathea laid the Body of our Lord when he had taken him off the Cross and upon the same place did he wash the féet of our Lord and that place men say is the middest of the world CHAP. XXXI Of the Church of the holy Sepulchre WIthin that Church by the Sepulchre on the North side is the place where our Lord was Imprisoned and there is a part of the Chain with the which he was bound and there he appeared first to Mary Magdalen when he was risen from death and she thought he had béen a Gardiner In the Church of the Sepulchre was wont to be the Canons of Saint Bâ—nnet and they had a Priory and the Patriarch was their Soveraign and without the doors of the Church on the right side as men go up eightéen steps our Lord said to his Mother Mulier Ecce filius tuus that is Woman behold thy Son Deinde dixit Discipulo Ecce mater tua that is Then afterward he said to his Disciple Behold thy Mother And these words he said when he hanged upon the Cross. And upon these steps went our Lord when he bare the Cross upon his Shoulder and under these stayers is a Chappel where the Priests sing And near there is the stone where our Lord rested him when he was weary with bearing of the Cross. And ye shall understand that before the Church of the Sepulchre is a most strong city and the great plain that is betwéen the city and the Church on the East side without the Walls of the city is the Vale of Josaphat that cometh even to the Walls In this Vale of Josaphat without the city is the Church of St. Stephen where he was stoned to death and thereby is a gate builded that may not be opened Through this gate our Lord entred on Palm Sunday upon an Ass and the gate opened unto him when he would go to the Temple and in full hard stones there are three steps like the steps of an Ass which the people say are the steps of the Ass that our Lord did ride on Before the Church of the Sepulchre two hundred paces is a great Hospital of St. John in the which Hospital are fifty four Pillars made of Stone And to go toward the East from the Hospital is a right fair Church that men call our Lady the Great and then is there another Church by that that men call our Lady of the Latin and there it was that Mary Cleophe and Mary Magdalen rent their Hair when our Lord was put to death CHAP. XXII Of the Temple of God AND from the Church of the Sepulchre toward the East at seventeen paces is Templum Domini that is a fair House and it is all round and right high and covered with Lead and it is well Paved with white Marble but the Sarasins will suffer no Christians nor Jews to come therein for they say that such sinful men should not come into that holy place but I was suffered to go in and into other places where I would for I had letters of the Soldan with his great seal and commonly other men have but of his signet and men bear his letter with his seal before them hanging on a spear and men do great worship thereto and they kneel to it and adore it as if it were a God also those men to whom it is sent before they take it do bow thereto and they take it and lay it upon their heads and afterward they kiss it and then they read it all bowing with great worship and then they prosser them to do all that the Bringer will And in this Templum Domini were wont to be Canons Regulars and they had an Abbot to whom they were obedient In this Temple was Charlemain when the Angel brought him the Prepcio of our Lord when he was circumcised and alter King Charles brought it to Acon into our Ladies Chappel CHAP. XXIII Yet of the Temple of God AND ye shall understand that this is not the Temple that Solomon made for that Temple lasted but one thousand one hundred and two years For Titus Vespasian his Son that was Emperour of Rome laid siege against Hierusalem for to discomfit the Jews because they had put Christ to death without leave of the Emperour When he had taken the City he burnt the Temple and cast it down and took all the Iews and put to death eleven hundred thousand and the rest he imprisoned and sold thirty for a penny for he said that they bought Iesus Christ for thirty pence And since Julian Aposlata gave leave to the Iews to build the Temple of Hierusalem again but he forsook his Law And when the Iews had builded again the Temple then came the Earthquake as God would and cast down all that they had made Since that Adrian the Emperour who was of Troy made Hierusalem again and the Temple in that same manner that Solomon made it and commanded that no Iew should dwell there but Christians for although he himself was not a Christian yet he loved the Christians more than other men save men of his own faith This Emperour did also enclose and wall the Church of the holy Sepulchre within the City that before was far without the City and he would have changed the name of Hierusalem and called it Helam but that name lasted not long And ye shall understand that the Sarasins do worship in that Temple and they say that place is holy and when they go in They go barefoot and before I and my Fellows came herein we put off our Harness and came barefoot into the Temple and thought that we ought to do as much or more than they that were Infidels And this Temple is thréescore and thrée cubits in wideness and as much in length and thirty two cubits in height and covered with lead and it is within full of Pillars of Marble And in the middest of the Temple is an Altar of twenty and four steps of height This place the Jews called Sanctus Sanctorum that is Holy of Holyest and in that place cometh none but their Prelate that maketh their Sacrifice and the people sit all about in divers seats as they are in dignity and there be four Entrings into the Temple and the doors are of Cypress and within the East door our Lord said Here is Ierusalem And on the North side within the door is a Fountain and it runneth out of the which holy Writ speaketh and saith Vidiaquam egredientem de Templo I saw water coming out of the Temple And upon the other side is a Rock that men called
Israel and kept them from the peril of death therefore she had a good reward as Holy Writ saith Quicunque accipit prophetam in nomine meo mercedem Prophetae c. that is he that receiveth a Prophet in my name he shall receive the reward of a Prophet CHAP. XXX Of the holy places between Bethany and the River Jordan and other things ALso from Bethany men go to the River of Jordan through the Wilderness and it is near a daies journey betwéen Toward the East is a great Hill where our Lord fasted forty daies upon this Hill was Christ tempted of the Devil when he said to him Command that these stones be made Bread and there is an Hermitage where dwelleth certain Christians called Georgians for S. George converted them and upon that Hill dwelled Abraham a great while and as men go to Jericho sate the sick men crying Jesu fili David miserere nobis that is Iesus the Son of David have mercy upon us And two miles from Jericho is the River Jordan And ye shall understand that the Dead Sea parteth the Land of Juda and Araby and the water of that Sea is bitter and it casteth out a thing that men call Aspatam as great pieces as an Horse and Hierusalem is two hundred furlongs from the Sea and it is called the Dead Sea because it runneth not neither may any Man or Beast live therein and that hath béen proved many times for they have cast there in men that were judged to death nor no man may drink of the water and if men cast Iron therein it cometh up again but if a man cast a Feather therein it sinketh which is against kind And thereabout grow Trées that bear fruit of fair colour and séem ripe but when a man breaketh or cutteth them he findeth nought in them but coals and ashes in token that through the vengeance of God those Cities were burnt with the Fire of Hell And some men call that Lake the Lake of Asphaltid and some call it the Pool of the Devil and some call it the stinking Pool for the water thereof stinketh There sank those five Cities through the wrath of God that is Sodom Gomor Aldema Sabome Segor for the sin of Sodomy that reigned in them but Segor through the prayer of Lot was saved a great while for it stood upon a Hill and yet appeareth much thereof above the water and men may sée the walls in clear weather and in this city of Segor Lot was made drink by his Daughters and lay with them for they thought that God would have destroyed all the World as he did with Noes Floud and therefore they lay by their Father that men might born of them into the World and at the right side of the sea standeth Lots Wife in a Pillar of Salt because she looked back when the City sank down CHAP. XXXI Of Abraham and his Generation ANd ye shall understand that Lot was Harans Son Abrahams Brother and Sara Abrahams Wife was Lots Sister and Sara was ninety years old when she bare Isaac and Abraham had another Son named Ishmael that he had gotten of his Maiden Hagar and he was fourtéen years of age when Isaac was born and when Isaac was eight daies old he was circumcised and his other son Ishmael was circumcised the same day and was fourtéen years of age therefore the Sarasins that be of the Generation of Ishmael do circumcise them at fourtéen years of age and the Jews that be of the Generation of Isaac do circumcise them the eighth day of their age And into that dead sea aforesaid runneth the River Jordan and maketh there an end and this is within a mile of Saint Johns Church and a little beneath that same Church westward were the Christians wont to bathe them and a mile thence is the River Loth through which Jacob went when he came to Mesopotamia CHAP. XXXII Of the River Jordan THis River Jordan is no great nor no deep River but there is much good Fish therein and there cometh from Mount Lybany two Wells that men call Jor and Dan and of them it saketh the Name and upon the one side of that River is Mount Gelboe and there is a fair Plain And on the other side men go by Mount Lybany to the Desart of Pharaon Those Hills part the Kingdom of Sury and the Country of Phenice On that Hill grow Cedars that bear long Apples which are as much as a mans head This River Jordan divideth Galile and the land of Idumia and the land of Betron and it runneth into a Plain that men call Meldam in the Sarasins Language and in English Fair because oft-imes there be kept great Fayrs and in that Plain is the Tomb of holy Job In this River Jordan our Lord was baptized and there was the Voice of the Father heard saying Hic est filius meus dilectus in quo acquiesco ipsum audita that is This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased hear him And the Holy Ghost descended on him in likeness of a Dove and so was there at his Baptism all the Trinity And through the River Jordan passed the Children of Israel on dry foot and set up stones in the midst of the water in token of that Miracle And also in that River Naaman the Assyrian bathed him who was Leprous and he was made whole And a little from thence is the city of Ay the which Joshua assailed and took And about the River Jordan are many Churches where Christians dwell Also by the River Jordan is the Vale of Mambre which is a fair Vale and plenteous CHAP. XXXIII Of many other Miracles ANd ye shall further understand that as we go from the Red-sea to pass forward to the land of Promise is a very strong Castle that men call Carran or Sermoyes that is the Kings Hill This Castle did the King of France make whose name was Bawdewin who conquered all the land and put it into the hands of Christians to kéep and under that Castle is a fair Town that is called Sabaoth and thereabout dwell many Christians under Tribute Then men go to Nazareth of the which our Lord had his Name and from Nazareth unto Jerusalem is thrée daies journey Also men go through the Province of Galile through Romatha through Sophyn and over the high Hill of Effrain where dwelt Hanna that was the Prophet Samuels Mother and there was he born and after his death was buried at Mount Joy as I have said before And after men come to Sybula where the Ark of God was kept under Helie the Prophet And there made the people of Israel their Sacrifice unto the Lord and there spake our Lord first to Samuel There also ministred God the Sacrament Néer thereby at the right side is Gabaon Rama and Benjamin of the which holy Writ speaketh After that men come to Sychem that some men call Sychar and that is in the Province of the Samaritans
there then it is mid-night in our Country by reason of the roundness of the Earth for our Lord made the Earth all round in the middest of the Firmament Of Paradise can I not speak properly for I have not béen there but that I have heard I shall tell you Men say that Paradise Terrestre is the highest land of all the World and it is so high that it toucheth near to the Circle of the Moon for it is so high that Noes floud might not come thereto which covered all the earth about CHAP. CIII A little of Paradise Terrestre This Paradise Terrestre is inclosed all about with a Wall and that Wall is all covered with Mosse as it seemeth that men may see no stone nor nothing else whereof it is and in the highest place of Paradise in the middest of it is a Well that casteth out the four Flouds that run through divers lands The first floud is called Pison or Ganges and that runneth through Iude in that River are many precious Stones and much Lignum Aloes and gravel of Gold Another is called Nilus or Giron and that runneth through Ethiope and Egypt The third is called Tygrée and that runneth through Assyria and Armony the great And the fourth is called Euphrates that runneth through Armony the less and Persia and men say that the swéet and fresh waters of the World take their springing of them The first River is called Pison that is to say gathering of many Rivers together and falling into one and some call it Ganges of a king that was in Iude that men call Gangeras for it runneth through his land and this River is in some places clean in some places troubled in some places hot in some places cold The second River is called Nilus or Giron for it is ever troubled for Giron is to say trouble The third River is called Tygrée that is to say fast running for it runneth faster then any of the other named so of a Beast that men call Tygris for he runneth fast The fourth River is called Euphrates that is to say well bearing for there groweth many good things upon that River And ye shall understand that no man living may go upon that Paradise for by land he may not go for wild Beasts that are in the Wildernesse and for Hills and Rocks which no man may pass Neither by those Rivers may any man pass for they come with so great a course and so great waves that no Ship may sail against them Many great Lords have assayed many times to go by these Rivers into Paradise but they might not speed in their way for some died for weariness in rowing some were blind and some deaf with noise of the waters so no man may pass there but through special grace of God I can tell you no more of that place which I may speak of upon mine own sight CHAP. CIV How Prester Johns land lyeth foot against foot to England THese Isles of the land of Prester John they are under the Earth to us and they lie foot against foot to England and other Isles there are whoso would pursue them for to compass the Earth having the Grace of God to help the way he might come right to the same countries that he were come of and come from and go about the earth but for that it asketh so long time and also there are so many perils to pass that few men assay to go so and yet it might be done for men come from those Isles to other Isles coasting on the Lordship of Prester John which men call Cassay and that country is near ix days journey long and more than fifty of breadth and this Cassay is the best land that is in those countries save Cathay and if Merchants came thither as commonly as they do to Cathay it would be better than in Cathay for it is so thick of Cities and Towns that when a man goeth out of a city he séeth another at each side there is good plenty of Spices and other goods the king of this Isle is rich and mighty and he holdeth his land of the great Caane for that is one of the twelve Princes that the great Caane hath under him beside his own land CHAP CV Of the Kingdom of Ryboth FRom this Isle men go to another Kingdom that is called Ryboth and that is also under the great Caane This is a good country and plenteous of Corn Wine and other things men of this land have no houses but they dwell in Tents made of Trées and the prineipall city of the Country is all black made of black stones and white and all the Streets are paved with such stones and in the city is no man so hardy to spill blood of man nor beast for worship of an Image that is worshipped there In that city dwelleth the Pope of their Law and they call him Lopasse he giveth all Dignities and Benefices that fall to the Image And men of Religion and men that have Church-livings in that country are obedient to him as men here to the king They have a custom in this country that when a mans Father is dead whom they will do worship unto they send after all his Friends religious Priests and many other and they bear the body to an Hill with great joy and mirth and when it is there the greatest Prelate smiteth off his head and layeth it upon a great place of Gold or Silver and giveth it to his son and the son taketh it and giveth it to other of his friends singing and saying many Orisons and then the Priests and the religious men cut the flesh off the body in pieces and say Orisons and the Birds of the country come thither for they know well the custom and they flye about them as the Eagles and other Birds that eat flesh and the Priests cast the pieces unto them and they bear it away a little from thence and then they eat it and as the Priests were wont to sing for souls Subvenite sancti Dei so those Priests there sing with high voice in their Language in this manner wise Sée and behold how good and gracious a man this was that the Angels of God come for to fetch him and bear him into Paradise And then thinketh the Son of his Father that he is greatly worshipped when birds have eaten him and when there are most plenty of birds there is most worship And then cometh the son home with all his friends and maketh them a great feast then maketh he clean his fathers Scalp and giveth them drink therein and the flesh of his fathers head he cutteth off and giveth it to his most special friends some a little and some a little for dainty And in remembrance of this holy man that the Birds have eaten the son kéepeth his Scalp for a Cup and therein drinketh he all his life in remembrance of his father CHAP. CVI. Of a rich man that is neither King Prince