Selected quad for the lemma: father_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
father_n	arrive_v	course_n	great_a	32	3	2.1110	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31706	The commentaries of C. Julius Cæsar of his warres in Gallia, and the civil warres betwixt him and Pompey / translated into English with many excellent and judicious observations thereupon ; as also The art of our modern training, or, Tactick practise, by Clement Edmonds Esquire, ... ; where unto is adjoyned the eighth commentary of the warres in Gallia, with some short observations upon it ; together with the life of Cæsar, and an account of his medalls ; revised, corrected, and enlarged.; De bello civili. English	Caesar, Julius.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Observations upon Caesars commentaries of the civil warres.; Hirtius, Aulus. De bello Gallico. Liber 8. English.; Edmondes, Clement, Sir, 1566 or 7-1622. Manner of our modern training or tactick practise.; Caesar, Julius. De bello Gallico. English.	1655 (1655)	Wing C199; ESTC R17666	660,153	403

shore_n of_o the_o aegaean_a sea_n where_o meet_v accidental_o with_o a_o certain_a merchant_n ship_n of_o rome_n he_o embark_v himself_o in_o she_o and_o sail_n to_o mitylene_n where_o his_o wife_n and_o family_n be_v have_v take_v they_o with_o he_o and_o get_v together_o what_o man_n and_o ship_n a_o shatter_v fortune_n can_v furnish_v he_o with_o he_o depart_v thence_o in_o very_o great_a doubt_n and_o perplexity_n not_o able_a to_o resolve_v whither_o to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o he_o be_v advise_v by_o some_o to_o march_v into_o africa_n and_o shelter_v himself_o with_o juba_n who_o friendship_n and_o affection_n towards_o he_o he_o have_v receive_v testimony_n of_o but_o very_o late_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n his_o best_a course_n be_v to_o retire_v among_o the_o parthian_n but_o at_o last_o by_o his_o own_o wilfulness_n it_o be_v vote_v he_o shall_v go_v into_o egypt_n which_o he_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o friendship_n and_o 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adversity_n make_v they_o the_o great_a stranger_n that_o may_v be_v be_v by_o this_o king_n ptolemey_n invite_v into_o protection_n and_o upon_o that_o confidence_n come_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o a_o small_a boat_n he_o be_v ere_o he_o can_v reach_v the_o land_n murder_v by_o the_o same_o king_n commandment_n by_o septimius_n and_o achillas_n who_o think_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o purchase_v caesar_n favour_n this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o photinus_n a_o eunuch_n who_o authority_n both_o with_o king_n and_o court_n be_v very_o great_a caesar_n receive_v also_o news_n that_o pompey_n wife_n and_o his_o son_n sextus_n pompeius_n be_v flee_v from_o that_o port_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o come_v be_v land_v and_o receive_v into_o the_o city_n he_o be_v soon_o present_v with_o the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a pompey_n which_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o horridnesse_n of_o the_o fact_n he_o will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n see_v his_o ring_n also_o and_o his_o seal_n with_o his_o coat_n of_o arm_n upon_o it_o be_v present_v to_o he_o which_o cause_v he_o to_o reflect_v on_o the_o great_a success_n adventure_n and_o prosperity_n of_o that_o great_a and_o glorious_a man_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v to_o look_v on_o he_o as_o his_o son_n in_o law_n it_o draw_v tear_n from_o he_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o his_o unfortunate_a end_n thus_o be_v he_o who_o have_v three_o time_n triumph_v be_v so_o many_o time_n consul_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a and_o the_o most_o concern_v person_n that_o rome_n have_v for_o so_o many_o year_n together_o one_o who_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o all_o the_o dignity_n so_o great_a a_o commonwealth_n can_v confer_v upon_o a_o deserve_a citizen_n most_o inhumane_o and_o perfidious_o assassinate_v to_o the_o great_a regret_n of_o he_o who_o be_v look_v on_o as_o most_o desirous_a of_o it_o this_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n conclude_v that_o opinion_n erroneous_a that_o caesar_n be_v so_o extreme_o overjoy_v at_o the_o news_n of_o pompey_n death_n that_o he_o cause_v upon_o that_o very_a place_n where_o he_o have_v order_v his_o head_n to_o be_v inter_v a_o temple_n to_o be_v build_v to_o the_o goddess_n nemesis_n which_o some_o interpret_v a_o most_o unnatural_a revengefulnesse_n a_o horrid_a insultation_n over_o a_o clamitous_a virtue_n and_o a_o profanation_n of_o divine_a worship_n to_o abuse_v the_o name_n of_o a_o goddess_n for_o to_o immortalize_v the_o memory_n of_o his_o vengeance_n and_o to_o authorise_v the_o injustice_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o give_v the_o title_n of_o barbarism_n and_o cruelty_n to_o magnanimity_n and_o height_n of_o courage_n as_o to_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o therefore_o caesar_n certain_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o so_o great_a a_o hypocrisy_n as_o to_o shed_v tear_n over_o his_o enemy_n head_n when_o he_o be_v inward_o surprise_v with_o joy_n caesar_n upon_o his_o arrival_n into_o egypt_n find_v it_o embroil_v in_o civil_a war_n arise_v from_o some_o difference_n between_o young_a ptolemey_n and_o his_o sister_n cleopatra_n about_o the_o division_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o caesar_n as_o consul_n of_o rome_n think_v sit_v to_o be_v a_o mediator_n photinus_n and_o achillas_n the_o plotter_n and_o practiser_n of_o pompey_n death_n fear_v from_o caesar_n a_o reward_n of_o vengeance_n proportion_v to_o so_o horrid_a a_o crime_n and_o perceive_v his_o inclination_n to_o favour_n cleopatra_n take_v such_o order_n by_o their_o great_a influence_n over_o king_n and_o court_n that_o they_o bring_v what_o army_n the_o king_n have_v near_o the_o city_n which_o consist_v of_o about_o 20000._o able_a man_n and_o this_o they_o do_v out_o of_o a_o design_n to_o entrap_v caesar_n and_o act_v the_o same_o perfidious_a butchery_n upon_o he_o as_o they_o have_v do_v upon_o pompey_n by_o this_o mean_n there_o begin_v between_o what_o force_v caesar_n have_v bring_v with_o he_o and_o those_o of_o the_o egyptian_n within_n and_o about_o the_o city_n as_o also_o between_o the_o ship_n and_o galley_n in_o harbour_n the_o hot_a dispute_n and_o sharp_a encounter_n he_o ever_o meet_v with_o which_o we_o shall_v not_o particularize_v here_o because_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o a_o complete_a history_n one_o thing_n our_o observation_n can_v balk_v in_o these_o hot_a and_o occasional_a engagement_n that_o caesar_n himself_o be_v personal_o engage_v in_o most_o dispute_n both_o within_o the_o city_n and_o among_o the_o ship_n and_o that_o to_o the_o great_a hazard_n of_o his_o person_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o one_o adventure_n when_o he_o be_v force_v to_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o swim_v to_o recover_v one_o of_o his_o galley_n and_o be_v in_o this_o great_a extremity_n if_o you_o will_v believe_v suetonius_n he_o carry_v his_o commentary_n in_o one_o hand_n above_o the_o water_n and_o his_o robe_n in_o his_o tooth_n that_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n in_o these_o conflict_n be_v there_o nine_o month_n spend_v at_o which_o time_n caesar_n receive_v his_o force_n out_o of_o asia_n make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o controversy_n with_o the_o same_o attendance_n of_o fortune_n and_o victory_n which_o have_v wait_v on_o he_o every_o where_o else_o have_v caesar_n be_v acquaint_v with_o no_o war_n but_o this_o he_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n in_o the_o world_n so_o much_o personal_a valour_n wisdom_n conduct_n circumspection_n and_o policy_n do_v he_o express_v in_o all_o passage_n thereof_o though_o encompass_v with_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o disadvantage_n imaginable_a egypt_n be_v thus_o quiet_v the_o murderer_n of_o pompey_n punish_v and_o cleopatra_n by_o who_o caesar_n

have_v a_o son_n call_v caesario_n establish_v queen_n caesar_n take_v his_o march_n towards_o asia_n through_o syria_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o while_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n of_o egypt_n king_n pharnaces_n the_o son_n of_o the_o mighty_a mithridates_n take_v his_o advantage_n of_o the_o dissension_n among_o the_o roman_n entertain_v some_o hope_n of_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v have_v in_o order_n thereto_o overthrow_v domitius_n who_o caesar_n have_v leave_v governor_n in_o those_o part_n and_o take_v in_o by_o force_v the_o province_n of_o bythinia_n and_o cappadocia_n expel_v thence_o ariobarzanes_n a_o friend_n and_o subject_n to_o rome_n the_o like_a he_o intend_v to_o have_v do_v with_o armenia_n the_o less_o which_o king_n dejotarus_n have_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n but_o caesar_n come_v upon_o pharnaces_n before_o he_o expect_v he_o they_o in_o a_o few_o day_n come_v to_o a_o battle_n which_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o infinite_a slaughter_n of_o his_o people_n which_o he_o himself_o escape_v by_o flight_n this_o victory_n give_v caesar_n more_o satisfaction_n than_o any_o of_o his_o former_a because_o of_o the_o great_a desire_n he_o have_v to_o return_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o be_v inform_v many_o scandal_n be_v spread_v and_o insolence_n commit_v by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o his_o absence_n he_o have_v also_o understand_v that_o pompey_n elder_a son_n have_v seize_v a_o great_a part_n of_o spain_n and_o out_o of_o those_o that_o m._n varro_n have_v leave_v there_o and_o some_o glean_n of_o his_o father_n troop_n have_v get_v together_o some_o considerable_a force_n he_o also_o know_v that_o most_o of_o the_o principal_a roman_n who_o have_v escape_v the_o battle_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o africa_n and_o head_v by_o m._n cato_n surname_v vticensis_n for_o have_v kill_v himself_o at_o utica_n and_o pompey_n father-in-law_n that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pompey_n navy_n that_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o juba_n king_n of_o mauritania_n they_o have_v subdue_v all_o that_o country_n and_o have_v a_o great_a army_n in_o readiness_n against_o caesar_n have_v choose_v scipio_n for_o their_o general_n because_o that_o name_n have_v be_v fortunate_a in_o africa_n caesar_n upon_o intelligence_n of_o all_o these_o transaction_n with_o his_o wont_a celerity_n and_o diligence_n recover_v all_o that_o pharnaces_n have_v usurp_v &_o chase_v he_o from_o pontus_n regain_v all_o those_o country_n which_o he_o recommend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o caelius_n minucius_n with_o two_o legion_n where_o have_v reconcile_v difference_n decide_v all_o controversy_n and_o settle_v all_o thing_n by_o reward_v and_o gratify_v those_o king_n and_o tetrarch_n who_o have_v continue_v firm_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o interest_n of_o rome_n he_o make_v no_o long_a abode_n in_o asia_n but_o pass_v with_o all_o expedition_n into_o italy_n he_o come_v to_o rome_n within_o a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v depart_v thence_o wherewith_o if_o we_o compare_v his_o great_a expedition_n and_o adventure_n it_o will_v prove_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o astonishment_n to_o consider_v how_o such_o vast_a army_n shall_v pass_v through_o so_o many_o country_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n some_o few_o day_n after_o his_o come_n to_o rome_n he_o be_v create_v the_o three_o time_n consul_n and_o as_o far_o as_o time_n and_o the_o exigency_n of_o his_o affair_n permit_v study_v the_o reformation_n of_o what_o disorder_v there_o then_o be_v for_o that_o his_o enemy_n beforementioned_a shall_v be_v master_n of_o africa_n be_v a_o thing_n he_o can_v not_o easy_o digest_v therefore_o with_o his_o ordinary_a expedition_n he_o march_v thitherward_o and_o command_v his_o force_n to_o follow_v he_o take_v ship_v in_o sicily_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o africa_n have_v no_o great_a force_n with_o he_o however_o such_o be_v his_o confidence_n of_o his_o fortune_n that_o he_o stay_v not_o the_o arrival_n of_o either_o his_o army_n or_o navy_n be_v land_v with_o his_o small_a force_n near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o adrumetum_n he_o march_v unto_o another_o call_v leptis_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o where_o he_o take_v occasion_n by_o some_o conflict_n to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n in_o action_n so_o to_o divert_v they_o from_o augment_v their_o force_n in_o fine_a his_o legion_n be_v arrive_v he_o very_o earnest_o set_v himself_o to_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o though_o it_o last_v but_o four_o month_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n to_o the_o end_n of_o april_n there_o happen_v many_o encounter_n and_o battle_n for_o have_v dispatch_v what_o work_n petreius_n and_o labienus_n find_v he_o he_o come_v to_o deal_v with_o scipio_n and_o king_n juba_n who_o have_v bring_v a_o assistance_n of_o 8000._o man_n whereof_o one_o half_a be_v cavalry_n africa_n at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o abundant_a in_o horse_n as_o may_v appear_v partly_o in_o that_o caesar_n enemy_n have_v among_o they_o raise_v in_o that_o country_n beside_o eight_o legion_n of_o foot_n 20000._o horse_n hirtius_n plutarch_n lucan_n and_o florus_n have_v write_v at_o large_a of_o this_o war_n and_o tell_v you_o that_o caesar_n be_v many_o time_n in_o very_o great_a danger_n as_o to_o his_o own_o person_n yet_o at_o last_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o force_n and_o the_o compliance_n of_o his_o great_a fortune_n he_o put_v a_o period_n to_o that_o war_n by_o one_o signal_n battle_n wherein_o there_o be_v slay_v of_o the_o enemy_n side_n 10000_o they_o be_v utter_o defeat_v caesar_n remain_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o short_o after_o of_o all_o the_o country_n the_o principal_a captain_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n though_o they_o escape_v death_n at_o the_o fight_n die_v most_o of_o they_o miserable_o and_o unfortunate_o king_n juba_n himself_o be_v for_o want_n of_o refuge_n bring_v to_o that_o despair_n that_o fight_v with_o afranius_n and_o kill_v he_o he_o command_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o marcus_n cato_n be_v in_o utica_n hear_v of_o caesar_n approach_n though_o confident_a not_o only_o of_o his_o pardon_n but_o his_o particular_a favour_n yet_o either_o out_o of_o a_o indignation_n to_o be_v oblige_v by_o his_o enemy_n or_o a_o extravagant_a zeal_n to_o liberty_n lay_v violent_a hand_n on_o himself_o cicero_n write_v a_o book_n in_o commendation_n of_o cato_n to_o justify_v that_o action_n which_o caesar_n answer_v with_o another_o which_o he_o call_v anti-cato_n both_o which_o be_v lose_v the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o death_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o upon_o hear_v of_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o most_o of_o his_o partner_n he_o embrace_v his_o son_n and_o friend_n and_o bid_v they_o good_a night_n pretend_v to_o go_v to_o bed_n rest_a upon_o his_o bed_n he_o take_v into_o his_o hand_n plato_n book_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n wherein_o have_v satisfy_v himself_o he_o about_o the_o relieve_n of_o the_o watch_n with_o a_o roman_a resolution_n draw_v his_o sword_n and_o run_v himself_o into_o the_o body_n be_v not_o quite_o dispatch_v physician_n come_v in_o and_o apply_v something_o to_o the_o wound_n which_o he_o suffer_v while_o they_o stay_v with_o he_o but_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v depart_v he_o pull_v all_o off_o and_o thrust_v his_o die_a hand_n into_o the_o wound_n scipio_n the_o general_n in_o this_o war_n have_v escape_v and_o ship_v himself_o in_o certain_a galley_n be_v meet_v by_o caesar_n navy_n but_o to_o avoid_v be_v take_v by_o they_o he_o give_v himself_o some_o wound_n and_o leap_v overboard_o and_o so_o be_v drown_v caesar_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v absolute_a victor_n spend_v some_o time_n in_o order_v the_o province_n of_o africa_n which_o do_v and_o reduce_v iuba_n kingdom_n into_o a_o province_n he_o come_v to_o utica_n whence_o he_o embark_v the_o three_o of_o june_n for_o sardinia_n where_o have_v stay_v some_o few_o day_n he_o arrive_v at_o rome_n july_n 25._o whither_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v there_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o four_o triumph_n the_o first_o be_v for_o his_o conquest_n and_o victory_n in_o france_n wherein_o be_v set_v forth_o the_o river_n of_o rhodanus_n and_o the_o rhine_n wrought_v in_o gold_n in_o the_o second_o which_o be_v for_o egypt_n and_o king_n ptolemey_n be_v represent_v the_o river_n nile_n and_o the_o pharos_n of_o alexandria_n burn_v the_o three_o be_v for_o his_o victory_n over_o king_n pharnaces_n wherein_o a_o certain_a writing_n represent_v the_o celerity_n he_o use_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o victory_n which_o only_o contain_v three_o word_n veni_fw-la vidi_n vici_fw-la i_o come_v i_o see_v i_o overcome_v the_o four_o be_v for_o his_o

in_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o near_a province_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocontii_n a_o people_n of_o the_o further_a province_n from_o whence_o he_o lead_v they_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o allobroges_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o sabusians_n that_o be_v the_o first_o beyond_o the_o rhone_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n by_o that_o time_n the_o helvetian_o have_v carry_v their_o force_n through_o the_o straits_n and_o frontier_n of_o the_o sequans_n into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o begin_v to_o forage_v and_o pillage_v their_o country_n who_o find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o make_v resistance_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o require_v aid_n show_v their_o desert_n to_o be_v such_o from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o may_v challenge_v a_o great_a respect_n then_o to_o have_v their_o country_n spoil_v their_o child_n lead_v into_o captivity_n their_o town_n assault_v and_o take_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n likewise_o the_o ambarri_n that_o have_v dependency_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o heduan_o advise_v caesar_n that_o their_o country_n be_v utter_o waste_v and_o they_o s●arce_o able_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o enter_v their_o town_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o allobroges_n that_o have_v farm_n and_o possession_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n flee_v direct_o to_o caesar_n complain_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o their_o country_n with_o which_o advertisement_n caesar_n be_v so_o move_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o linger_v further_o or_o expect_v until_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o ally_n be_v all_o waste_v and_o that_o the_o helvetian_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o santon●s_n the_o river_n ne_fw-fr arar_n that_o run_v through_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o sequans_n into_o the_o rhone_n pass_v away_o with_o such_o a_o stillnesse_n that_o by_o view_n 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providence_n of_o the_o god_n that_o part_n of_o the_o helvetian_a state_n which_o give_v so_o great_a a_o blow_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v penance_n for_o the_o same_o wherein_o caesar_n take_v revenge_v not_o only_o of_o the_o public_a but_o of_o his_o particular_a loss_n too_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tigurine_n have_v in_o that_o battle_n with_o cassius_n slay_v l._n piso_n the_o grandfather_n of_o l._n piso_n his_o father_n in_o law_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o defeat_n be_v chief_o a_o service_n of_o execution_n upon_o such_o as_o be_v take_v at_o a_o dangerous_a disadvantage_n which_o man_n call_v unaware_o contain_v these_o two_o advisoe_n first_o not_o to_o neglect_v that_o advantage_n which_o sertorius_n by_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o horse_n tail_n have_v prove_v to_o be_v very_o important_a that_o beginning_n with_o a_o part_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o overcome_v the_o whole_a second_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o caveat_n so_o to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o water_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o a_o reasonable_a march_n that_o no_o part_n may_v be_v so_o sever_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n that_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o altogether_o and_o separate_v they_o from_o themselves_o the_o safe_a and_o most_o honourable_a way_n to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n be_v by_o a_o bridge_n place_v at_o each_o end_n sufficient_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o defend_v the_o army_n from_o sudden_a assault_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n watch_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n every_o watch_n contain_v three_o hour_n and_o these_o watch_n be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a note_n and_o sound_n of_o cornet_n or_o trumpet_n that_o by_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n thereof_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v what_o watch_n be_v found_v the_o charge_n and_o office_n of_o sound_v the_o watch_v belong_v to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o a_o legion_n who_o they_o call_v primipilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n at_o who_o pavilion_n the_o trumpeter_n attend_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o hourglass_n the_o first_o watch_n begin_v always_o at_o sunne-setting_a and_o continue_v three_o hour_n i_o understand_v such_o hour_n as_o the_o night_n contain_v be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o for_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o night_n as_o well_o as_o their_o day_n into_o twelve_o equal_a space_n which_o they_o call_v hour_n the_o second_o watch_n continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o the_o three_o watch_n begin_v and_o contain_v likewise_o three_o hour_n the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sunrising_a so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n chap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_o and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_o after_o this_o overthrow_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n caesar_n and_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n to_o pursue_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o helvetian_a force_n the_o helvetian_o much_o daunt_v at_o his_o sudden_a come_n that_o have_v get_v over_o the_o river_n in_o one_o day_n which_o they_o can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o divico_n be_v chief_a that_o command_v the_o helvetian_o in_o the_o war_n against_o cassius_n who_o deal_v with_o caesar_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n will_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o helvetian_o they_o will_v go_v into_o any_o part_n which_o caesar_n shall_v appoint_v they_o but_o if_o otherwise_o he_o will_v prosecute_v war_n that_o he_o shall_v remember_v the_o overthrow_n which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n receive_v by_o their_o valour_n and_o not_o to_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o own_o worth_n that_o they_o have_v surprise_v at_o unaware_o a_o part_n of_o their_o army_n when_o such_o as_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n can_v not_o come_v to_o succour_v they_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o their_o forefather_n to_o contend_v rather_o by_o valour_n then_o by_o craft_n and_o device_n and_o therefore_o let_v he_o beware_v that_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o now_o be_v do_v not_o get_v a_o name_n or_o carry_v the_o mark_n to_o all_o future_a age_n of_o a_o eminent_a calamity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o his_o army_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o make_v the_o less_o doubt_n of_o the_o success_n of_o these_o business_n in_o that_o he_o well_o remember_v and_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o helvetian_a commissioner_n have_v relate_v and_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rather_o grieve_v thereat_o because_o it_o happen_v without_o any_o cause_n or_o desert_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o wrong_n do_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o beware_v of_o their_o practice_n but_o therein_o be_v his_o error_n that_o he_o can_v think_v of_o nothing_o which_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o fear_v neither_o can_v he_o fear_v without_o occasion_n and_o if_o he_o will_v let_v pass_v former_a insolence_n can_v he_o forget_v

other_o work_n which_o he_o may_v well_o record_v as_o the_o great_a design_n of_o a_o heroic_a spirit_n and_o the_o wonderful_a effect_n of_o magnanimous_a industry_n that_o succeed_a age_n may_v not_o boast_v either_o of_o art_n or_o prowess_n which_o his_o virtue_n have_v not_o express_v or_o otherwise_o may_v wonder_v at_o that_o worth_n which_o they_o themselves_o can_v not_o attain_v unto_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o entertain_v vuruvius_n the_o father_n of_o architecture_n and_o as_o worthy_o to_o be_v imitate_v in_o that_o faculty_n as_o his_o master_n caesar_n be_v in_o feat_n of_o arm_n by_o who_o example_n a_o great_a commander_n may_v learn_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o eternity_n of_o his_o fame_n to_o beautify_v his_o great_a design_n with_o art_n and_o to_o esteem_v of_o such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o entreat_v the_o mathematical_a muse_n to_o show_v themselves_o under_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o sensible_a form_n which_o albeit_o through_o the_o rudeness_n of_o the_o matter_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o intellectual_a nature_n yet_o their_o beauty_n express_v such_o a_o majesty_n of_o art_n that_o no_o time_n will_v suffer_v the_o memory_n thereof_o to_o perish_v the_o workmanship_n of_o this_o bridge_n consist_v chief_o in_o the_o oblique_a situation_n of_o the_o double_a post_n whereof_o the_o first_o order_n bend_v with_o the_o stream_n and_o the_o low_a rank_n against_o the_o stream_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v couple_v together_o with_o overthwart_a beam_n which_o be_v fasten_v in_o the_o couple_n with_o brace_n which_o he_o name_v fibulas_fw-la the_o more_o violent_a the_o stream_n fall_v upon_o the_o work_n the_o fast_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o building_n be_v unite_v as_o may_v better_o appear_v by_o a_o model_n of_o that_o make_n then_o can_v be_v express_v by_o any_o circumstance_n of_o word_n i_o may_v hence_o take_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o practice_n which_o antiquity_n have_v devise_v to_o transport_v army_n over_o river_n but_o inasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a subject_n for_o all_o that_o undertake_v this_o military_a task_n machin_n and_o have_v be_v handle_v by_o lapsius_fw-la upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o bridge_n i_o will_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o that_o place_n and_o only_o note_v the_o singular_a disposition_n of_o this_o action_n inasmuch_o as_o caesar_n make_v the_o mean_n correspondent_a to_o that_o end_n which_o he_o intend_v for_o consider_v that_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o his_o passage_n be_v to_o let_v the_o german_n understand_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o the_o rhine_n and_o that_o a_o river_n can_v not_o so_o separate_v their_o territory_n but_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o join_v both_o the_o continent_n together_o and_o make_v a_o common_a roadway_n where_o it_o seem_v most_o unpassable_a he_o think_v it_o best_a to_o pass_v over_o his_o army_n by_o a_o bridge_n that_o so_o the_o german_n may_v know_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o also_o conceit_n their_o territory_n as_o unite_v unto_o gallia_n or_o to_o be_v unite_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o a_o firm_a isthmus_n and_o plain_a passage_n by_o foot_n which_o in_o time_n past_a have_v always_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o mighty_a river_n neither_o will_v a_o transportation_n by_o boat_n have_v wrought_v that_o effect_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o daily_a use_n thereof_o be_v so_o familiar_a to_o the_o german_n that_o it_o nothing_o alter_v their_o imagination_n of_o a_o unaccessible_a passage_n but_o when_o they_o see_v so_o strange_a a_o thing_n attempt_v and_o so_o sudden_o perform_v they_o will_v easy_o understand_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o far_o off_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v overtake_v and_o so_o direct_v their_o demeanour_n according_o let_v this_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o prove_v that_o a_o passage_n over_o a_o river_n by_o a_o bridge_n be_v more_o honourable_a safe_a and_o of_o great_a terror_n to_o the_o enemy_n than_o any_o other_o way_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v especial_o if_o the_o river_n carry_v any_o depth_n such_o as_o the_o rhine_n be_v otherwise_o if_o it_o have_v either_o shallows_o or_o ford_n whereby_o man_n may_v wade_v over_o without_o any_o great_a encumbrance_n it_o be_v but_o lo●●_n labour_n to_o stand_v about_o a_o bridge_n but_o rather_o to_o think_v of_o it_o as_o of_o a_o place_n encumber_v with_o such_o hindrance_n as_o man_n often_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o march_n chap._n vii_o caesar_n take_v revenge_n upon_o the_o sicambri_n give_v liberty_n to_o the_o ubii_n and_o return_v again_o into_o gallia_n the_o sicambri_n understanding_n that_o caesar_n be_v make_v a_o bridge_n over_o the_o rhine_n caesar_n prepare_v themselves_o to_o fly_v and_o at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o usipetes_n &_o tenchtheri_n forsake_v their_o country_n and_o convey_v themselves_o and_o their_o possession_n into_o wood_n and_o solitary_a desert_n caesar_n continue_v a_o few_o day_n in_o their_o quarter_n have_v set_v on_o fire_n their_o village_n and_o house_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o corn_n and_o provision_n come_v to_o the_o ubii_n promise_v they_o aid_n against_o the_o suevi_n by_o who_o he_o understand_v that_o assoon_o as_o the_o suevi_n have_v intelligence_n that_o he_o go_v about_o to_o make_v a_o bridge_n call_v a_o council_n according_a to_o their_o manner_n they_o send_v unto_o all_o quarter_n of_o their_o state_n that_o they_o shall_v forsake_v their_o town_n and_o carry_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o that_o all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n shall_v make_v head_n in_o one_o place_n which_o they_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o their_o country_n and_o there_o they_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v resolve_v in_o that_o place_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n which_o when_o caesar_n understand_v have_v end_v all_o those_o thing_n in_o regard_n whereof_o he_o come_v into_o germany_n which_o be_v chief_o to_o terrify_v the_o german_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o sicambri_n to_o set_v the_o ubii_n at_o liberty_n have_v spend_v in_o all_o eighteen_o day_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o do_v enough_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o own_o honour_n as_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n and_o break_v up_o the_o bridge_n chap._n viii_o caesar_n think_v of_o a_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n he_o enquire_v of_o merchant_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o people_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o spend_v caesar_n and_o that_o in_o those_o part_v the_o winter_n hasten_v on_o a_o pace_n inasmuch_o as_o all_o gallia_n incline_v to_o the_o north_n notwithstanding_o he_o resolve_v to_o go_v over_o into_o brittany_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o in_o all_o the_o former_a war_n of_o gallia_n the_o enemy_n have_v receive_v most_o of_o their_o supply_n from_o thence_o and_o although_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o finish_v that_o war_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n if_o he_o go_v only_o to_o view_v the_o island_n to_o understand_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o know_v their_o coast_n their_o port_n and_o their_o landing-place_n whereof_o the_o gall_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a for_o seldom_o any_o man_n but_o merchant_n do_v travel_v unto_o they_o neither_o have_v they_o discover_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o those_o region_n which_o be_v opposite_a unto_o gallia_n and_o therefore_o call_v merchant_n together_o from_o all_o quarter_n he_o neither_o can_v understand_v of_o what_o quantity_n the_o island_n be_v what_o nation_n or_o what_o power_n they_o be_v that_o inhabit_v ●t_a what_o use_n or_o experience_n of_o war_n they_o have_v what_o law_n or_o custom_n they_o use_v nor_o what_o haven_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n observation_n as_o the_o german_n have_v oftentimes_o stir_v up_o motion_n of_o rebellion_n among_o the_o gall_n by_o send_v their_o superfluous_a multitude_n into_o their_o kingdom_n so_o the_o britan_n have_v uphold_v most_o of_o their_o war_n by_o furnish_v they_o with_o such_o supply_v as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o so_o that_o if_o caesar_n or_o the_o roman_a people_n will_v rest_v secure_a of_o their_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a government_n in_o gallia_n as_o they_o have_v chastise_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o german_n and_o send_v they_o back_o again_o with_o great_a loss_n than_o gain_n so_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o britan_n know_v that_o their_o assistance_n in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n will_v draw_v more_o business_n upon_o they_o then_o they_o be_v well_o able_a to_o manage_v for_o as_o

to_o the_o extraordinary_a labour_n of_o his_o soldier_n reward_v fore_o whereas_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o their_o wintering-camp_n before_o winter_n be_v end_v and_o be_v carry_v unreasonable_o upon_o a_o service_n he_o reward_v they_o with_o the_o booty_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o roman_a warfare_n which_o reserve_v either_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n thereof_o for_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o leave_v the_o soldier_n to_o his_o stipendiary_a entertainment_n which_o be_v a_o point_n very_o observable_a in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n wherein_o be_v require_v as_o well_o eminent_a and_o extraordinary_a attempt_n as_o common_a and_o usual_a duty_n and_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o wise_a commander_n be_v think_v worthy_a their_o answerable_a reward_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o gergovia_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n l._n fabius_n a_o centurion_n tell_v his_o companion_n that_o the_o booty_n and_o pillage_n which_o he_o have_v get_v at_o the_o take_n of_o avaricum_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o get_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n before_o himself_o and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o honourable_a attempt_n be_v honourable_o reward_v do_v as_o seed_v sow_v in_o good_a ground_n multiply_v the_o increase_n of_o like_a virtuous_a action_n and_o this_o be_v one_o principal_a mean_n which_o he_o use_v to_o give_v courage_n and_o valour_n to_o his_o soldier_n as_o when_o he_o go_v to_o get_v spain_n from_o pompey_n and_o that_o faction_n bell_n he_o borrow_a money_n of_o the_o tribune_n &_o centurion_n &_o give_v it_o in_o largess_n to_o the_o soldier_n whereby_o he_o gain_v as_o he_o say_v two_o advantage_n quod_fw-la pignore_fw-la animos_fw-la centurionum_fw-la devinxit_fw-la &_o largitione_n redemit_fw-la militum_fw-la voluntates_fw-la for_o he_o engage_v the_o centurion_n to_o he_o whilst_o he_o have_v this_o pledge_n from_o they_o and_o by_o his_o largesse_n purchase_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o soldier_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n summon_v a_o general_a council_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n against_o the_o senones_n a_o general_n councillor_n meet_v of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n be_v summon_v caesar_n according_a to_o his_o first_o resolution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n whereas_o all_o the_o rest_n save_v the_o senones_n carnutes_n and_o treviri_n make_v their_o appearance_n he_o conceive_v of_o it_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o war_n and_o defection_n and_o thereupon_o set_v all_o other_o thing_n aside_o he_o transfer_v the_o council_n to_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o senones_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o father_n have_v unite_v their_o state_n unto_o they_o but_o be_v hold_v clear_a of_o this_o confederacy_n this_o thing_n be_v publish_v from_o the_o tribunal_n the_o same_o day_n he_o carry_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o senones_n and_o by_o great_a journey_n come_v into_o their_o country_n his_o come_v be_v know_v acco_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o that_o rebellion_n command_v the_o multitude_n to_o go_v into_o city_n and_o town_n of_o defence_n but_o as_o they_o endeavour_v before_o it_o can_v be_v accomplish_v news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v already_o come_v whereby_o they_o necessary_o leave_v off_o their_o purpose_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o favour_n they_o use_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o hedui_n who_o state_n have_v of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o faith_n and_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n caesar_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o hedui_n do_v willing_o afford_v they_o pardon_v and_o accept_v their_o excuse_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o judge_v the_o summer_n time_n fit_a to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v come_v on_o he_o rather_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o question_n and_o judgement_n and_o have_v command_v a_o hundred_o pledge_n he_o deliver_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hedui_n the_o carnutes_n likewise_o send_v messenger_n and_o pledge_n and_o by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n who_o client_n they_o be_v receive_v the_o same_o answer_n caesar_n end_v the_o council_n and_o command_v horseman_n to_o be_v send_v he_o from_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o reader_n that_o i_o take_v occasion_n here_o to_o say_v somewhat_o touch_v the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o this_o parliament_n or_o councell-generall_a parliament_n wherein_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n or_o at_o the_o least_o such_o as_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o roman_a sovereignty_n present_v their_o fealty_n and_o be_v mutual_a witness_n of_o each_o other_o allegiance_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o natural_a body_n have_v a_o transitory_a be_v depend_v upon_o motion_n and_o function_n of_o part_n so_o special_o state_n and_o commonweal_n as_o sympathize_v with_o natural_a cause_n have_v no_o certain_a continuance_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n and_o do_v pass_v the_o age_n of_o a_o natural_a life_n from_o infancy_n grow_v to_o better_a strength_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o best_a perfection_n which_o year_n can_v afford_v it_o and_o then_o decay_v again_o by_o like_a degree_n even_o to_o the_o period_n and_o death_n of_o that_o policy_n for_o remedy_v whereof_o and_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o any_o weaken_a disease_n which_o may_v infect_v either_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o body_n or_o so_o possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o it_o may_v thereby_o prove_v either_o dangerous_a or_o unprofitable_a among_o other_o help_n these_o counsel_n and_o meeting_n have_v be_v think_v necessary_a wherein_o every_o particular_a state_n and_o city_n have_v some_o of_o their_o society_n present_a as_o well_o to_o open_v their_o grievance_n if_o any_o be_v and_o to_o seek_v ease_n and_o relief_n by_o way_n of_o treaty_n and_o dispute_n as_o also_o to_o receive_v such_o direction_n and_o mandate_n as_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a for_o their_o government_n for_o as_o this_o common_a council_n or_o general_a assembly_n may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o pulse_n of_o a_o politic_a body_n whereby_o the_o true_a state_n and_o temperature_n thereof_o be_v discern_v so_o be_v it_o also_o as_o a_o treaty_n or_o parley_n and_o a_o renew_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o head_n and_o the_o member_n where_o sovereignty_n and_o obedience_n be_v mutual_o propound_v do_v concur_v in_o the_o establish_n of_o true_a and_o perfect_a government_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o politician_n of_o late_a time_n do_v in_o their_o write_n call_v the_o reduce_n of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o first_o beginning_n for_o the_o noisome_a and_o superfluous_a humour_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v purge_v and_o abate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o public_a weal_n be_v refine_v into_o such_o true_a and_o natural_a element_n and_o settle_v in_o that_o disposition_n of_o health_n as_o may_v give_v great_a hope_n of_o long_a continuance_n beside_o this_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o these_o assembly_n there_o be_v many_o necessary_a business_n conclude_v and_o many_o thing_n agree_v unto_o serve_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o war_n against_o party_n and_o faction_n as_o namely_o the_o levi●s_n and_o supply_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n grant_v by_o this_o council_n as_o a_o subsidy_n which_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n receive_v stipend_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o name_n of_o auxiliary_a or_o associate_v force_n whereof_o we_o read_v in_o many_o place_n of_o these_o commentary_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o book_n but_o the_o roman_n use_v special_o the_o service_n of_o their_o horseman_n as_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o strength_n and_o far_o exceed_v their_o foot_n company_n in_o execution_n of_o arm_n and_o use_n of_o war_n wherein_o the_o gall_n have_v ever_o challenge_v a_o preeminence_n before_o other_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o reputation_n even_o unto_o this_o time_n footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o nimble_a and_o quick_a motion_n of_o their_o spirit_n which_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o the_o swift_a and_o speedy_a execution_n of_o horse_n then_o with_o any_o readiness_n which_o their_o own_o strength_n can_v afford_v they_o or_o what_o other_o cause_n it_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o as_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n of_o their_o hot_a fantasy_n so_o will_v the_o french_a be_v reckon_v the_o best_a horseman_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n the_o last_o say_n which_o i_o observe_v concern_v this_o council_n be_v the_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v summon_v which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o

enemy_n this_o speech_n be_v not_o unpleasing_a to_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o rather_o that_o he_o himself_o be_v not_o deject_v in_o spirit_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o loss_n nor_o do_v hide_v himself_o or_o fly_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o multitude_n be_v the_o more_o esteem_v forasmuch_o as_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o question_n he_o first_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o avaricum_n shall_v be_v burn_v and_o afterward_o he_o persuade_v they_o to_o forsake_v it_o wherein_o as_o misfortune_n and_o adversity_n do_v impair_v the_o authority_n of_o other_o commander_n so_o contrariwise_o his_o honour_n daily_o increase_v by_o the_o loss_n which_o he_o receive_v and_o withal_o they_o be_v in_o great_a hope_n upon_o his_o affirmation_n to_o win_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o state_n unto_o they_o and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o gall_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n be_v so_o appall_v in_o spirit_n that_o where_o they_o ever_o be_v unaccustomed_a to_o labour_v yet_o they_o think_v it_o their_o part_n to_o suffer_v and_o undergo_v all_o that_o be_v command_v they_o the_o first_o observation_n next_o to_o the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o war_n courage_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o requisite_a in_o a_o great_a commander_n than_o greatness_n of_o spirit_n for_o where_o his_o employment_n consist_v in_o manage_v the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o world_n such_o as_o be_v the_o slaughter_n of_o many_o thousand_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o sack_n of_o city_n the_o fight_v of_o battle_n the_o alteration_n of_o commonweal_n victory_n triumph_n and_o the_o conquest_n of_o kingdom_n which_o like_o the_o constellation_n in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n be_v leave_v to_o succeed_a age_n in_o such_o character_n as_o can_v be_v deface_v and_o make_v a_o impression_n of_o the_o great_a measure_n of_o joy_n or_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o sorrow_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o his_o courage_n be_v answerable_a to_o such_o a_o fortune_n neither_o to_o be_v crush_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o adversity_n nor_o puff_v up_o with_o the_o pride_n of_o victory_n but_o in_o all_o time_n to_o show_v the_o same_o constancy_n of_o mind_n and_o to_o temper_v extremity_n with_o a_o settle_a resolution_n of_o this_o metal_n and_o temper_n quadratus_fw-la be_v the_o philosopher_n homo_fw-la quadratus_fw-la make_v of_o such_o as_o camillus_n be_v in_o rome_n for_o never_o speech_n do_v better_o beseem_v a_o great_a personage_n then_o that_o of_o he_o have_v know_v both_o the_o favour_n and_o the_o disgrace_n of_o fortune_n nec_fw-la mihi_fw-la dictatura_fw-la animos_fw-la fecit_fw-la necexilium_fw-la ademit_fw-la neither_o do_v my_o dictatorship_n puff_v i_o up_o nor_o my_o banishment_n sink_v my_o spirit_n say_v he_o whereas_o weak_a spirit_n do_v either_o vanish_v away_o in_o the_o smoke_n of_o folly_n be_v drink_v with_o the_o joy_n of_o please_a fortune_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o a_o change_n of_o good_a time_n do_v become_v more_o base_a and_o abject_a than_o the_o thief_n that_o be_v take_v in_o the_o fact_n such_o as_o perseus_n the_o last_o macedonian_a king_n be_v aemilia_n who_o beside_o his_o ill_a fortune_n for_o lose_v his_o kingdom_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hour_n have_v ever_o since_o stand_v attaint_v of_o a_o base_a and_o abject_a mind_n unworthy_a the_o throne_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a the_o wise_a roman_n use_v all_o mean_n to_o give_v courage_n and_o spirit_n to_o their_o leader_n and_o to_o free_v their_o mind_n from_o such_o external_a respect_n which_o loss_n or_o dishonour_n may_v cast_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o when_o varro_n have_v fight_v so_o rash_o at_o cannae_n that_o he_o have_v like_a to_o have_v lose_v the_o roman_a empire_n to_o annibal_n plutarch_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n the_o whole_a senate_n go_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o although_o they_o can_v not_o thank_v he_o for_o the_o battle_n yet_o they_o give_v he_o thanks_o that_o he_o be_v return_v home_o again_o whereby_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o despair_v of_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v the_o gall_n congratulate_v vercingetorix_n that_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o loss_n he_o be_v neither_o deject_v in_o spirit_n nor_o do_v hide_v himself_o from_o the_o multitude_n but_o as_o a_o commander_n of_o high_a resolution_n have_v find_v out_o mean_n to_o heal_v those_o harm_n and_o to_o recompense_v the_o loss_n of_o a●ar●cum_n with_o the_o unite_n of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n into_o one_o confederacy_n the_o second_o observation_n second_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o a_o counsel_n touch_v any_o important_a or_o grave_a deliberation_n state_n or_o to_o lay_v down_o any_o project_n for_o the_o service_n of_o a_o state_n for_o all_o man_n be_v blind_a in_o this_o point_n that_o they_o judge_v of_o good_a or_o ill_a counsel_n by_o the_o success_n and_o look_v no_o further_o than_o the_o end_n which_o it_o take_v which_o prove_v disastrous_a or_o unfortunate_a do_v either_o bring_v the_o author_n to_o destruction_n or_o into_o danger_n both_o of_o life_n and_o state_n in_o the_o occurrence_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o appear_v that_o henry_n the_o five_o be_v solicit_v by_o the_o commons_o touch_v the_o abbey_n in_o england_n and_o move_v by_o petition_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n to_o that_o which_o be_v afterward_o accomplish_v by_o henry_n the_o eight_o be_v divert_v from_o those_o thought_n by_o a_o eloquent_a oration_n make_v in_o parliament_n by_o henry_n chicheley_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n holinshead_n a_o grave_n and_o learned_a prelate_n persuade_v the_o king_n by_o many_o conclude_a reason_n to_o carry_v a_o great_a power_n into_o france_n and_o there_o to_o make_v his_o claim_n for_o that_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o right_n derive_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n whereupon_o the_o king_n be_v persuade_v to_o undertake_v that_o war_n which_o al●_n 〈◊〉_d fall_v out_o most_o happy_o yet_o the_o bishop_n to_o satisfy_v both_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n for_o his_o former_a counsel_n whereby_o many_o man_n be_v lose_v build_v a_o college_n in_o oxford_n dedicate_v to_o all_o soul_n wherein_o 〈◊〉_d place_v courty_a scholar_n to_o make_v supplication_n for_o all_o soul_n and_o special_o for_o such_o as_o have_v be_v mischieve_v in_o france_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o war_n vercingetorix_n be_v happy_a in_o this_o point_n for_o he_o persuade_v the_o gall_n not_o to_o keep_v avaricum_n but_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v as_o a_o enemy_n to_o their_o safety_n and_o thereupon_o he_o do_v not_o let_v to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o opinion_n as_o free_a from_o the_o danger_n which_o happen_v to_o a_o great_a man_n near_o unto_o perseus_n who_o i_o last_o speak_v of_o who_o after_o his_o overthrow_n by_o paulus_n aemilius_n be_v tell_v by_o that_o party_n of_o many_o error_n which_o he_o have_v commit_v in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o war_n conciliant_fw-la turn_v himself_o sudden_o say_v traitor_n have_v thou_o reserve_v thy_o counsel_n until_o now_o when_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o therewithal_o as_o some_o report_n slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o give_v vercingetorix_n that_o happiness_n ut_fw-la reliquorum_fw-la imperatorum_fw-la res_fw-la adversae_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la minuunt_fw-la sic_fw-la huius_fw-la ex_fw-la contrario_fw-la d●gnitas_fw-la incommodo_fw-la accepto_fw-la indy_n augebatur_fw-la civ_o as_o misfortune_n and_o adversity_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o chap._n xv._n vercingetorix_n labour_v to_o unite_v all_o gallia_n into_o one_o league_n for_o the_o uphold_v of_o their_o war_n neither_o do_v vercingetorix_n omit_v any_o endeavour_n for_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o his_o promise_n caesar_n to_o draw_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o state_n unto_o he_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o deal_v with_o their_o chief_a man_n both_o by_o reward_n and_o promise_n and_o choose_v out_o fit_a man_n that_o either_o by_o subtle_a speech_n or_o friendship_n or_o some_o other_o mean_n may_v win_v they_o unto_o he_o he_o take_v order_n that_o such_o as_o have_v escape_v from_o avaricum_n shall_v be_v both_o clothe_v and_o arm_v and_o withal_o that_o he_o may_v reinforce_v his_o troop_n which_o be_v weaken_v he_o command_v every_o state_n to_o furnish_v out_o certain_a supply_n and_o to_o be_v bring_v by_o a_o day_n to_o the_o camp_n he_o command_v likewise_o all_o the_o archer_n of_o who_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o gallia_n to_o be_v seek_v out_o and_o send_v unto_o he_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o speedy_o repair_v his_o loss_n at_o avaricum_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n teutomatus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o ollovico_n king_n of_o the_o nitiobrige_n who_o father_n have_v the_o title_n of_o a_o friend_n from_o our_o senate_n come_v to_o he_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n which_o he_o

of_o the_o reason_n hear_v express_v by_o caesar_n which_o be_v the_o true_a motive_n of_o undertake_v a_o siege_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o as_o he_o be_v daunt_v with_o fear_n or_o overcome_v in_o battle_n for_o have_v thereupon_o no_o confidence_n in_o his_o own_o power_n he_o rest_v himself_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o possess_v which_o give_v his_o adversary_n occasion_n to_o lay_v siege_n unto_o his_o hold_n and_o either_o to_o force_v they_o or_o shut_v they_o up_o like_o woman_n the_o second_o be_v when_o one_o state_n have_v offer_v injury_n to_o another_o which_o always_o import_v loss_n beyond_o that_o which_o stand_v with_o the_o course_n of_o respect_n former_o hold_v between_o they_o for_o revenge_v whereof_o the_o other_o side_n lay_v siege_n to_o some_o of_o their_o town_n to_o repair_v themselves_o by_o take_v in_o the_o same_o and_o three_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o all_o siege_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o other_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o to_o take_v they_o by_o the_o belly_n when_o they_o can_v take_v they_o by_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v a_o part_n so_o violent_a in_o require_v that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o nature_n as_o it_o have_v make_v the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n fall_v out_o for_o a_o mouse_n as_o it_o happen_v at_o athens_n pl●ta●ch_n besiege_v by_o demetrius_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n worthy_a our_o consideration_n be_v the_o patience_n and_o deportment_n of_o caesar_n soldier_n in_o their_o so_o great_a want_n and_o necessity_n as_o first_o in_o help_v themselves_o with_o this_o root_n call_v chara_n 59_o describe_v by_o dioscorides_n to_o be_v a_o little_a seed_n taste_v somewhat_o like_o anise-seed_n good_a to_o help_v digestion_n and_o have_v such_o a_o root_n as_o a_o caret_fw-la which_o be_v boil_v be_v very_o good_a meat_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o physician_n call_v caraway-seed_n est_fw-la wherewith_o they_o serve_v their_o turn_n with_o such_o contentment_n as_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o school_n of_o frugality_n a_o virtue_n worthy_a of_o all_o regard_n and_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o make_v easy_a the_o difficulty_n of_o war_n justin_n be_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o soldier_n water_n as_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v aim_v at_o in_o the_o answer_n of_o cyrus_n to_o show_v the_o service_n in_o a_o soldier_n diet_n forbeing_n demand_v xenophon_n what_o he_o will_v have_v make_v ready_a for_o supper_n bread_n say_v he_o for_o we_o will_v sup_v at_o the_o fountain_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thought_n fit_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o natural_a looseness_n of_o the_o stomach_n appetite_n upon_o any_o occasion_n but_o to_o use_v the_o like_a moderation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o plenty_n for_o zeno_n take_v the_o answer_n of_o they_o that_o will_v excuse_v their_o liberal_a expense_n by_o their_o ability_n of_o mean_n for_o no_o better_a pa●ment_n than_o they_o themselves_o will_v have_v take_v the_o excuse_n of_o their_o cook_n for_o put_v too_o much_o salt_n on_o their_o meat_n because_o they_o have_v salt_n enough_o caesar_n punish_v his_o baker_n for_o give_v he_o better_a bread_n than_o his_o soldier_n have_v and_o scipio_n cashier_v a_o couple_n of_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o carthage_n for_o feast_v a_o friend_n in_o their_o tent_n during_o a_o assault_n which_o austerity_n of_o life_n raise_v the_o roman_n to_o that_o height_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v they_o master_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o western_a ocean_n second_o as_o a_o consequent_a of_o this_o contentment_n we_o may_v note_v their_o resolution_n to_o hold_v on_o their_o course_n of_o siege_n purpose_v rather_o to_o eat_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n agap●tus_fw-la then_o to_o suffer_v pompey_n to_o escape_v their_o hand_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a point_n in_o a_o general_n to_o keep_v himself_o from_o irresolution_n be_v a_o weakness_n of_o ill_a consequence_n and_o not_o unlike_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o stagger_n variable_a uncertain_a and_o without_o bottom_n or_o bind_v whereas_o constancy_n to_o purpose_n produce_v noble_a and_o worthy_a end_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n cast_v upon_o he_o enn._n continue_v firm_a in_o his_o determination_n to_o the_o save_n of_o his_o country_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o well_o beseem_v a_o leader_n it_o be_v of_o much_o more_o regard_n in_o the_o soldier_n especial_o consider_v that_o of_o xenophon_n non_fw-la facile_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la potest_fw-la mile_n contineri_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la necessaria_fw-la non_fw-la subministrat_fw-la he_o can_v easy_o keep_v his_o soldier_n in_o obedience_n which_o do_v not_o provide_v they_o necessary_n cyropaed_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v in_o another_o place_n nullus_fw-la est_fw-la ad●o_fw-la fortis_fw-la aut_fw-la validus_fw-la qui_fw-la possit_fw-la adversus_fw-la famem_fw-la aut_fw-la frigus_fw-la pugnando_fw-la militare_fw-la there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o stout_a and_o valorous_a that_o can_v fight_v against_o cold_a and_o hunger_n the_o three_o observation_n among_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n their_o watch_n deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n supply_v in_o the_o army_n the_o office_n of_o the_o natural_a eye_n in_o the_o body_n which_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o any_o approach_a danger_n for_o the_o prevent_n of_o the_o same_o polybius_n have_v leave_v it_o to_o posterity_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o each_o sort_n of_o the_o legionary_a foot_n as_o namely_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v choose_v one_o out_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o maniple_n that_o be_v make_v free_a from_o watch_n and_o ward_n this_o party_n as_o the_o sun_n begin_v to_o decline_v come_v daily_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o there_o have_v give_v he_o a_o little_a tablet_n wherein_o the_o watchword_n be_v write_v which_o tablet_n they_o call_v tessera_fw-la and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o company_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o next_o maniple_n and_o that_o centurion_n to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o in_o order_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a company_n which_o be_v lodge_v next_o unto_o the_o tribune_n and_o by_o the_o centurion_n thereof_o be_v return_v to_o the_o tribune_n before_o sunsetting_a and_o if_o all_o the_o tablet_n be_v bring_v in_o than_o do_v the_o tribune_n know_v the_o word_n be_v give_v to_o all_o if_o any_o want_v they_o make_v inquiry_n and_o by_o the_o note_n of_o inscription_n find_v which_o be_v miss_v they_o punish_v the_o default_n as_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o this_o be_v their_o watchword_n by_o which_o their_o party_n be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o likelihood_n for_o polybius_n do_v not_o affirm_v so_o much_o be_v by_o the_o centurion_n give_v to_o such_o of_o his_o maniple_n as_o be_v to_o watch_v that_o night_n their_o night-watche_n be_v thus_o order_v a_o maniple_n or_o company_n be_v always_o appoint_v to_o watch_v at_o the_o general_n pavilion_n the_o treasurer_n have_v three_o watch_n and_o every_o legate_n two_o a_o watch_n consist_v of_o four_o man_n according_a to_o the_o general_a division_n of_o their_o night_n into_o four_o part_n each_o of_o those_o four_o have_v his_o turn_n appoint_v he_o by_o lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o or_o four_o watch_n and_o the_o rest_n sit_v by_o the_o velite_n keep_v watch_v without_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o decury_n of_o horse_n at_o the_o gate_n beside_o every_o maniple_n have_v private_a watch_n within_o itself_o of_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o watch_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o each_o maniple_n do_v bring_v to_o the_o tribune_n in_o the_o evening_n such_o as_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n and_o to_o they_o be_v deliver_v lesser_a tablet_n than_o be_v give_v out_o at_o first_o call_v tesserulae_n appropriate_v to_o every_o particular_a watch_n one_o for_o himself_o and_o three_o other_o for_o his_o fellow_n the_o trust_n of_o giong_a the_o round_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o horseman_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o commander_n of_o horse_n in_o each_o legion_n to_o give_v order_n to_o his_o lieutenant_n to_o appoint_v before_o dinner_n four_o young_a man_n of_o his_o troup_n to_o go_v the_o round_a the_o next_o night_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o acquaint_v the_o next_o commander_n to_o appoint_v rounder_n for_o the_o night_n follow_v these_o horseman_n be_v thus_o appoint_v do_v cast_v lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o watch_n and_o then_o repair_v to_o the_o tribune_n of_o who_o they_o have_v order_n

cremona_n whereof_o tacitus_n have_v this_o description_n histor_n praelium_fw-la tota_fw-la nocte_fw-la varium_fw-la anceps_fw-la atrox_n his_o rursus_fw-la illis_fw-la exitiabile_fw-la nihil_fw-la animus_n aut_fw-la manus_fw-la n●_n oculi_fw-la quidem_fw-la provisu_fw-la juvabant_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o fight_n be_v doubtful_a and_o bloody_a the_o whole_a night_n now_o this_o party_n go_v to_o the_o worse_o by_o and_o by_o that_o a_o stout_a heart_n or_o a_o valiant_a hand_n avail_v little_a neither_o can_v the_o eye_n see_v before_o they_o either_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o night-work_n condemn_v wherein_o either_o order_n or_o honour_n be_v of_o any_o moment_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o former_a commentary_n the_o use_n of_o exact_a and_o particular_a discovery_n of_o the_o country_n where_o a_o party_n be_v engage_v than_o which_o nothing_o do_v more_o advantage_n a_o commander_n to_o expedite_v the_o happy_a issue_n of_o a_o war_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o judge_v of_o any_o motion_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v offer_v and_o to_o give_v sure_a direction_n to_o frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a the_o same_o but_o also_o to_o dispose_v himself_o according_a as_o shall_v seem_v expedient_a for_o his_o safety_n wherein_o if_o a_o place_n of_o such_o consequence_n as_o be_v here_o mention_v shall_v by_o design_n be_v aim_v at_o this_o history_n show_v how_o much_o it_o import_v either_o party_n to_o obtain_v it_o and_o therefore_o caesar_n have_v reason_n to_o make_v his_o passage_n through_o valley_n and_o rock_n rather_o than_o to_o lose_v victory_n for_o want_v of_o labour_v in_o a_o uneasy_a way_n this_o lucius_n decidius_n saxa_n or_o didius_n saxa_n employ_v in_o this_o discovery_n be_v afterward_o advance_v by_o caesar_n to_o be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o tully_n be_v so_o much_o offend_v 1●_n how_o can_v i_o omit_v say_v he_o this_o decidius_n saxa_n philip._n a_o man_n bring_v from_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o world_n who_o we_o see_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n before_o we_o ever_o see_v he_o a_o citizen_n chap._n xxiii_o caesar_n refuse_v to_o fight_v upon_o a_o advantage_n offer_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n and_o desire_n ●f_o all_o man_n there_o be_v a_o opportunity_n then_o offer_v of_o do_v something_o to_o purpose_n caesar_n neither_o be_v caesar_n ignorant_a thereof●_n such_o a_o overthrow_n give_v before_o their_o face_n do_v consequent_o so_o discourage_v they_o that_o it_o be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o endure_v a_o charge_n especial_o be_v compass_v about_o with_o the_o cavalry_n in_o a_o indifferent_a and_o open_a place_n where_o the_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o battle_n which_o be_v on_o all_o side_n instant_o desire_v at_o caesar_n hand_n for_o the_o legate_n centurion_n and_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n come_v joint_o unto_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o make_v no_o doubt_n of_o give_v battle_n for_o all_o the_o soldier_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o forward_o thereunto_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a party_n have_v 〈◊〉_d many_o argument_n of_o fear_n and_o discouragement_n enemy_n first_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o succour_v their_o fellow_n second_o in_fw-la asmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o bouge_v from_o the_o hill_n which_o they_o have_v take_v for_o a_o retreat_n neither_o have_v they_o withstand_v the_o charge_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o cavalry_n but_o have_v throng_v pell-mell_o together_o and_o confuse_o mingle_v their_o ensign_n one_o with_o another_o no_o man_n either_o keep_v his_o place_n or_o his_o colour_n and_o if_o he_o fear_v the_o inequality_n and_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n he_o may_v take_v some_o other_o of_o more_o indifferency_n for_o certain_o afranius_n can_v not_o long_o stay_v where_o he_o be_v but_o must_v depart_v from_o thence_o for_o want_v of_o water_n caesar_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o end_v the_o matter_n without_o either_o blow_n or_o wound_v of_o his_o man_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o why_o then_o shall_v be_v lose_v a_o man_n although_o it_o be_v to_o gain_v a_o victory_n why_o shall_v he_o suffer_v his_o valiant_a and_o well-deserving_a soldier_n to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o hurt_v or_o wound_v or_o why_o shall_v he_o put_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o fortune_n especial_o when_o it_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n and_o reputation_n of_o a_o commander_n to_o vanquish_v a_o enemy_n by_o direction_n and_o advice_n the●_n to_o subdue_v they_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v move_v withal_o with_o a_o tender_a commiseration_n of_o such_o citizen_n of_o rome_n as_o be_v consequent_o to_o be_v hazard_v or_o slay_v in_o the_o sight_n whereas_o he_o desire_v to_o work_v out_o his_o own_o end_n with_o their_o safety_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesar_n be_v disallow_v by_o most_o man_n and_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o speak_v plain_o among_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o a_o occasion_n of_o victor●●_n be_v overslipt_v that_o when_o c●●sar_n will_v have_v they_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v he_o notwithstanding_o continue_v firm_a in_o his_o opinion_n and_o fall_v as_o little_o off_o from_o the_o enemy_n to_o lessen_v and_o abate_v their_o fear_n and_o amazement_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n upon_o the_o opportunity_n give_v they_o withdraw_v themselves_o into_o their_o camp_n caesar_n have_v possess_v the_o hill_n with_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n and_o shut_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n lead_v to_o i●erus_n encamp_v himself_o as_o near_a as_o he_o can_v to_o the_o enemy_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v much_o afflict_a that_o they_o have_v absolute_o lose_v all_o mean_n of_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o of_o gain_v the_o river_n i●erus_n consult_v together_o of_o other_o course_n there_o be_v two_o way_n leave_v open_a the_o one_o to_o return_v to_o ilerda_n and_o the_o other_o to_o tarracon_n and_o while_o they_o be_v consider_v of_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v tell_v they_o that_o such_o as_o go_v out_o for_o water_n be_v very_o much_o press_v by_o our_o cavalry_n whereupon_o they_o place_v many_o court_n of_o guard_n as_o well_o of_o horse_n as_o auxiliary_a footman_n interlace_v the_o legionary_a cohort_n among_o they_o and_o begin_v also_o to_o re●se_v a_o rampire_n from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o watering-place_n that_o the_o soldier_n may_v safe_o without_o fear_n fetch_v water_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o fortification_n which_o work_n petreius_n and_o afranius_n divide_v between_o themselves_o and_o for_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o same_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v far_o off_o from_o the_o camp_n by_o mean_n of_o who_o absence_n the_o soldier_n take_v liberty_n of_o free_a speech_n one_o with_o another_o go_v out_o and_o as_o any_o man_n have_v a_o acquaintance_n or_o neighbour_n in_o each_o other_o camp_n 4._o they_o seek_v he_o out_o and_o first_o they_o all_o give_v thanks_o to_o all_o our_o party_n that_o they_o have_v spare_v they_o when_o they_o be_v terrify_v and_o amaze_v the_o day_n before_o in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o acknowledge_v to_o hold_v their_o life_n by_o their_o favour_n and_o afterward_o inquire_v how_o they_o may_v safe_o yield_v themselves_o to_o their_o general_n complain_v that_o they_o have_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o have_v join_v their_o force_n with_o their_o ancient_a friend_n and_o kinsman_n and_o have_v proceed_v thus_o far_o in_o their_o communication_n they_o require_v assurance_n for_o the_o life_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o conceive_v mischief_n against_o their_o general_n or_o betray_v they_o in_o seek_v their_o own_o safety_n which_o thing_n be_v agree_v upon_o they_o promise_v to_o come_v with_o their_o ensign_n to_o caesar_n camp_n and_o thereupon_o se●t_v to_o caesar_n some_o of_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n as_o deputy_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n 4._o they_o invite_v their_o friend_n on_o either_o side_n into_o the_o camp_n insomuch_o as_o both_o their_o lodging_n seem_v but_o one_o camp_n many_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n come_v to_o caesar_n recommend_v themselves_o to_o his_o favour_n and_o the_o like_a do_v the_o grandee_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o spain_n who_o they_o have_v command_v out_o to_o take_v party_n in_o this_o war_n and_o to_o remain_v with_o they_o as_o hostage_n and_o pledge_n these_o inquire_v after_o their_o old_a acquaintance_n and_o ancient_a host_n by_o who_o each_o man_n may_v have_v access_n to_o caesar_n with_o some_o commendation_n in_o like_a manner_n afranius_n his_o son_n deal_v with_o caesar_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o sulpitius_n a_o legate_n touch_v his_o own_o and_o his_o father_n life_n all_o thing_n sound_v of_o joy_n and_o mutual_a

congratulation_n of_o they_o that_o have_v escape_v such_o imminent_a danger_n and_o of_o we_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v effect_v such_o great_a matter_n without_o bloodshed_n insomuch_o as_o caesar_n in_o all_o man_n judgement_n reap_v great_a fruit_n of_o his_o accustom_a clemency_n and_o mildness_n and_o his_o counsel_n be_v general_o approve_v of_o by_o all_o man_n the_o observation_n this_o chapter_n contain_v a_o passage_n of_o that_o note_n and_o eminency_n as_o the_o like_a be_v not_o read_v in_o any_o story_n for_o if_o we_o search_v the_o record_n of_o all_o nation_n lucan_n from_o the_o very_a birth_n of_o bellona_n unto_o time_n of_o late_a memory_n it_o will_v no_o where_o else_o appear_v that_o a_o general_n spare_v a_o advantage_n to_o purchase_v a_o victorious_a name_n by_o the_o bloodshed_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n especial_o contrary_a to_o the_o will_n and_o desire_v of_o his_o army_n that_o have_v undergo_v such_o difficulty_n and_o hazard_n to_o give_v a_o end_n to_o that_o war_n contrary_a to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o late_a experience_n of_o the_o mutability_n and_o change_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n contrary_a to_o the_o sure_a rule_n of_o war_n dolus_fw-la a_o virtus_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o host_n requirit_fw-la valour_n or_o craft_n who_o care_v which_o in_o a_o foe_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n which_o be_v always_o bend_v against_o a_o enemy_n to_o subdue_v he_o this_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o that_o other_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n which_o man_n do_v rather_o admire_v then_o attain_v unto_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o commander_n gladio_fw-la consilio_fw-la superare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la to_o overcome_v by_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o be_v a_o main_a step_n to_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n for_o howsoever_o the_o soldier_n to_o prevent_v further_a labour_n stand_v hard_o for_o blood_n gal._n not_o respect_v that_o of_o the_o funu●●●_n comic_a omnia_fw-la prius_fw-la experiri_fw-la verbis_fw-la quam_fw-la armis_fw-la sapientem_fw-la decet_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n shall_v try_v all_o fair_a word_n before_o he_o bring_v the_o business_n to_o blow_n yet_o if_o caesar_n have_v be_v so_o injurious_a to_o nature_n ni●●tas_fw-la as_o to_o have_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o desire_n and_o suffer_v their_o fury_n to_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n more_o than_o be_v requisite_a for_o victory_n they_o will_v afterward_o have_v loathe_v themselves_o and_o curse_a their_o sword_n for_o such_o unseasonable_a execution_n and_o may_v be_v doubt_v will_v have_v revenge_v it_o upon_o his_o head_n before_o the_o time_n come_v to_o strike_v the_o fatal_a stroke_n of_o the_o eversion_n of_o that_o state_n caesar_n esteem_v it_o also_o a_o part_n of_o divine_a power_n to_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n according_a to_o that_o of_o seneca_n 26._o haec_fw-la divina_fw-la potentia_fw-la est_fw-la gregatim_fw-la ac_fw-la publicae_fw-la seruare_fw-la it_o be_v a_o divine_a power_n that_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n and_o all_o at_o once_o and_o therefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o to_o displease_v the_o soldier_n for_o the_o present_a 〈◊〉_d then_o to_o lose_v that_o honour_n which_o attend_v the_o spare_n of_o homebred_a blood_n whereof_o foreign_a enemy_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o capable_a chap._n xxiv_o petreius_n break_v off_o the_o treaty_n and_o new_a swear_v the_o soldier_n to_o the_o party_n afranius_n be_v advertise_v of_o these_o passage_n caes●r_n leave_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v and_o withdraw_v himself_o into_o the_o camp_n prepare_v as_o it_o seem_v to_o take_v patient_o whatsoever_o shall_v befall_v he_o but_o petreius_n be_v no_o way_n dismay_v thereat_o for_o have_v arm_v his_o household_n family_n he_o go_v fly_v with_o they_o and_o a_o pratorian_a cohort_n of_o buckler-bearer_n together_o with_o some_o few_o stipendiary_a horse_n of_o the_o barbarous_a people_n who_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v about_o he_o as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o person_n and_o come_v sudden_o and_o unlooked_a for_o to_o the_o rampire_n luc._n break_v off_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n thrust_v our_o man_n off_o from_o the_o camp_n kill_v such_o as_o he_o can_v apprehend_v the_o rest_n get_v together_o and_o affright_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o danger_n wrap_v their_o coat_n about_o their_o left_a arm_n and_o with_o their_o sword_n draw_v defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o horseman_n and_o trust_v to_o the_o nearness_n and_o propinquity_n of_o their_o camp_n they_o take_v courage_n and_o get_v safe_o thither_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o cohort_n that_o have_v the_o guard_n at_o the_o camp_n gate_n this_o be_v do_v petreius_n weep_v about_o to_o the_o maniple_n call_v the_o soldier_n and_o beseech_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v &_o forsake_v he_o nor_o yet_o pompey_n their_o general_n that_o be_v absent_a nor_o to_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o adversary_n present_o thereupon_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o soldier_n be_v about_o the_o praetory_n require_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o abandon_v or_o betray_v the_o army_n or_o their_o general_n nor_o yet_o to_o enter_v into_o private_a consultation_n thereof_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n he_o himself_o first_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n and_o cause_v afranius_n to_o take_v the_o same_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n follow_v in_o order_n and_o after_o they_o the_o soldier_n be_v bring_v out_o according_a to_o their_o century_n and_o be_v swear_v the_o same_o oath_n they_o cause_v it_o also_o to_o be_v proclaim_v 4._o that_o whosoever_o have_v any_o of_o caesar_n soldier_n shall_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o be_v bring_v forth_o they_o ●lew_v they_o public_o before_o the_o praetorian_a pavilion_n but_o most_o man_n conceal_v such_o as_o be_v with_o they_o and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n send_v they_o out_o over_o the_o rampire_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o terror_n wherewith_o the_o general_n have_v affright_v they_o the_o cruelty_n they_o have_v show_v in_o punishment_n together_o with_o the_o vain_a religion_n of_o the_o new_a oath_n have_v take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o yield_v for_o the_o present_a and_o quite_o change_v the_o soldier_n mind_n have_v reduce_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o former_a course_n of_o war_n caesar_n for_o his_o part_n 4._o cause_v diligent_a inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o such_o soldier_n as_o come_v into_o his_o camp_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n and_o send_v they_o away_o in_o safety_n but_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n many_o of_o their_o voluntary_a accord_n remain_v with_o he_o who_o afterward_o he_o hold_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o advance_v the_o centurion_n and_o such_o roman_a knight_n as_o be_v of_o the_o better_a rank_n to_o the_o place_n and_o dignity_n of_o tribune_n the_o afranians_n be_v sore_o lay_v unto_o in_o their_o forage_n and_o water_v likewise_o with_o great_a difficulty_n many_o of_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n have_v store_n of_o corn_n be_v command_v to_o take_v provision_n with_o they_o from_o herda_n for_o twenty_o two_o day_n but_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o auxiliary_a force_n have_v none_o at_o all_o have_v but_o small_a mean_n to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v themselves_o and_o their_o body_n not_o be_v use_v to_o carry_v burden_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o great_a number_n flee_v daily_o to_o caesar_n the_o first_o observation_n that_o every_o man_n be_v the_o maker_n of_o his_o own_o fortune_n be_v evident_o see_v in_o the_o several_a carriage_n of_o these_o two_o general_n for_o afranius_n give_v way_n to_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n and_o resolve_v to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o that_o transaction_n shall_v cast_v upon_o he_o but_o petreius_n oppose_v himself_o to_o their_o desire_n raise_v new_a trouble_n have_v further_a design_n and_o another_o fortune_n wherein_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o event_n of_o thing_n rise_v according_a as_o they_o be_v first_o direct_v either_o by_o weak_a or_o strong_a resolution_n it_o better_o suit_v the_o temper_n of_o soldier_n howsoever_o the_o success_n fall_v out_o with_o our_o desire_n rather_o to_o be_v stiff_o in_o what_o he_o wish_v then_o to_o make_v his_o own_o easiness_n the_o ready_a mean_n of_o his_o adversary_n happiness_n the_o second_o observation_n virtue_n at_o all_o time_n have_v have_v this_o privilege_n in_o the_o difference_n and_o degree_n of_o state_n and_o condition_n to_o make_v a_o noble_a man_n word_n equal_a to_o a_o common_a man_n oath_n but_o the_o integrity_n of_o former_a age_n have_v a_o more_o general_a prerogative_n avouch_v every_o man_n promise_n for_o the_o strictness_n a_o oath_n 538._o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n upon_o their_o inrollment_n for_o a_o war_n give_v but_o their_o promise_n to_o