explication oâ— their Doctrine so fully as it was afterwards thought fitting to do and thâ— they did not judge it necessary to descend to all those particulars which were examined and looked into in afteâ— Ages It was possible also that the would not deduce all those particular sequels which were inclosed or shut up as it were in those Principles which they established as our Blessed Saviour himself had formerly dealt with theâ— It is also very likely that men oâ— of neglect not preserving those Truth in memory as they ought to have done they came insensibly to â—e forgotten or that whilest mens wits were wholly taken up in defending some part oâ— them against Hereticks who opposed them there was not so much heed taken of those others which never came into Controversy However it be this iâ— indubitably certain that a time there was when many things were not clearly and distinctly known nor at such time obligatory as to exercise of faith which the Church has since placed in the number of such things as are belonging to Faith For although all those things were comprehended in Holy Scripture and in the Doctrine of the Apostles and that there alwayes were the same marks to know them by yet they were not alwayes taken notice of with the same reflexion or application But now by occasion of Disputes which have been raised at certain times the Church having set her self to examine them legally and according to form and making reflexions upon Holy Scripture and looking back upon the neighbouring times of the Apostles making up by such means unto the Fountain-head of true Apostolical Tradition she has declared them to be of faith as being exactly conformable to the Rule of Belief 6. I do not say therefore what some haply of our Adversaries who are not so well acquainted with our Tenets may reproach me with that the Church has Authority to frame new Articles of Faith No I do acknowledge together with them that she cannot act but according to Rule which is the holy Scripture and Tradition truely and purely Apostolical from which also we have received the holy Scripture it self She holds forth nothing new but she proposes unto us Antiquity which we knew not before She does not give new birth to Scars which never were before but she makes them appear in that Instre which formerly they had done by removing those clouds which did obscure them She has no new revelations she onely publishes those antient ones of which we had no formeâ— assurance Finally she settles no other Principles but such as she receiveâ— from our Saviour himself out of which by force of her light and certain necessary sequels she makes those Veritieâ— appear which were hidden and as 〈◊〉 were Quid est Depositum Id est quod tibi creditum est non à te inventum quod acceptisti non quod excogitasti 〈◊〉 rem non ingenii sed doctrinae non usurpationiâ— privatae publicae traditionis rem ad te perductam non a te prolatam in quae â—on author debes esse sed custos non instituâ—or sed sectator non ducens sed sequens Comment 1. c. 27. shut up in those Principles This is that which Vincentius Lirineâ— sis expresses most admirably applying unto the Church those words of S. Paâ— to his Disciple Timothy Depositum câ—stodi keep well the Depositum which 〈◊〉 put into your hands What is the meaning of this Depositum saith he speaking of matters of Faith It is that which you are intrusted with and by no means that which your self have invented It is that which you have received and in no wise that which your self have found out it is not the result of your own Wit or understanding but it is what you learn from that Doctrine which has been taught you It is not any thing which you have established in the World by your own private Authority it is a Point of Tradition which you have been trusted with for the publick good It is a Treasure of which there was no Mine in your own Land You are not the Author â—ut the conserver of this Doctrine You are not here the Guide but he that follows the Guide What Guide The Word of God which is this Guide and the true Rule of Holy Church Vald. l. 2. Doct. fid c. 22. Can. l. 2. de Com. 7. à castro de Luâ— go valentia alii Videte quid dicat qui fuerunt non qui sunt ut exceptis Apostolis quodcunque aliud postèa dicetur abscindatur Hier. in Ps 86. All our Divines agree in this Doctrine which they have taken from the Holy Fathers For St. Hierome has it in exâ—ess terms upon the 86. Psalm where he Psalmist sayes that Our Lord will delare in Scriptures of People and of Prinoes and of those that have been in her He makes use sayes St. Hierome of a word signifying time past fuerunt that have been because we are to hold nothing for a Point of Faith in the Church but what we find in the Prophers and in the Apostles who are the Princes of the Church And upon this ground it is that St. Irenaeus and after him S. Augustine saith That the faith of our Ancestors and ours makes but one and the same Faith because we believe nothing at this day which was not contained in the whole Body of their Faith The Church therefore never did make Iren. l. 3. c. 2 lib. 4. c. 13 Aug. Ep. 51 and undoubtedly never will make any new Articles of Faith since it is not in her power to define any thing but according to the Word of God which she is alwayes to consult with as with her Oracle and the Rule she is bound to follow But there is no question also but upon occasion of Differences from time to time in mens judgements and opinions she has often declared for and defined some Points which were antecedently by some questioned and that without offence or at least were not known before unless in general and by a confused kind of knowledge There is nothing more certain nor more common in the History of the Church and Councils where you shall frequently see defined and proposed as a Point or Principle of Faith that which before Conteâ—â—s did arise and before that violent clashing which has been in almost every Age of the Church about some Point or other in Controversy which was neither defined nor so much as thought of For example concerning the authentickness of some Canonical Books concerning the validity of Baptisme conferred by Hereticks concerning one or two Wills and operations in our Blessed Saviour concerning the Procession of the Holy Ghost and many such like All which are now no more to be called in question although before the definition of the Church it might have been done without offence For if it be true that it belongs unto her to propose that as matter of Faith which was not before
of our Blessed Lady It is certain that in former times men did not set themselves to search into that particular subject because they did not so much as reflect upon it There was onely a confused kind of knowledge and a general Idâ—â— of the priviledges and Prerogatives of the Blessed Virgin above the rest of Mankind without descending to particulars People were wholly taken up with opposing those Hereticks who drew up against the Honour of the Blessed Virgin who would have deprived her of the glory of her admirable and perpetual Virginity even after Child-bearing and above all those who so violently pleaded against thâ— glorious title of Mother of God which is the ground of all her other Priviledges They were satisfied to ascertain that true source or fountain of all her greatness fortifying it by Scripture and Apostolick Tradition without regarding to penetrate further into that suite or train of other priviledges which did accompany that one great prerogative or examining particularly whether it were to be concluded by a legall ensequence flowing from that Principle that she was preserved at the first instant of her being from Original sin It was not at that time positively believed that she was exempt from that stain neither was the contrary in their Creed And this because it was not so much as thought upon At another time it has been thought good to employ many serious-thoughts upon this subject and to search more narrowly into the business Great Contests have risen about it Whole Volames have been written by Learned men who have produced strong and clear testimonies out of the Holy Scriprures for it and have endeavoured to derive it from the very Fountain of Apostolical Doctrine by the way of Tradition Whole Universities and especially that of Sorbon have spoken loud in favour of that Opinion and engaged themselves by solemn Oath to maintain it And yet notwithstanding the Church has not thought fit absolutely to determine any thing concerning this matter of so great importance But leaves us at liberty to believe what we please concerning it She has not proceeded in the same manner concerning her exemption from all guilt even of venial sin For this she has decided and resolved upon as a matter of Faith not that she had any new revelation thereof since the time of the Apostles but that before the proposing this verity to the world 〈◊〉 be believed she consulted with the holy Scriptures Apostolical Tradition and the opinions of holy Fathers coâ—cerning the preeminence and qualition of the Mother of God for the finding out the whole extent of them An having discovered by this means thâ— her being exempted from venial sin wâ— comprehended in that Supreme Dignty as a necessary consequence is â—â—cluded in its Principle she has defined as a Point of faith revealed in the We of God in which it is contained Thâ— is the reflexion of the most eminent as Learned Cardinal de Lugo in his excâ—lent Treatise of Faith Disp 3. Sect. 5. n. 7. Let us now imagine the Churd should do the same concerning the 〈◊〉 emption of the Blessed Virgin from Original sin Let us suppose that she hâ—ving examined the passages of Host Writ and the Testimonies of Tradâ—â— on which are alledged upon this subject should find this also included as in necestary consequence as she did the other as it is not unlikely she would If she should think fit to proceed to a further examin of the business then all we who are Catholicks and agreed in this that the Church is Judge of Controversies and that we are bound to submit to her Decrees should quickly lay aside all difference of opinions â—â—d although we had not hitherto held seas matter of Faith should then believe it to be so not because there had been any new Revelation concerning it â—â—t because the Church should have declared it to have been alwayes revealed although there was not a general Agreement concerning that Revelation 16. Behold then us and Protestants agreed as I take it upon this Principle that the true Church of Christ has power to decide and propose that as an Article of Faith which antecedently to that decision and proposal was not of obligation to be believed From whence is easily concluded that for the franing an exact rational discourse in matters of Faith it is necessary to avoid these two extremes which a loose kind of reasoning is apt enough to fall into The first is That this has not alwayes been believed therefore it is not now to be believed The second This is 〈◊〉 believed ergo it has alwayes and in aâ— Ages of the Church been distinctly believed It is evident by our Principleâ— that this way of reasoning is very salk and erroneous Here then is the reason why when there happens a Contest between two Parties of the same Church supposed alwayes the true Church as we shall by and by shew it is not alwayes necessary that we search narrowly into the doctrine of Antiquity for the discovering what was held in those dayes concerning the matter in Dispute It suffices for ending all debates that we know what the Church having taken full cognisance of the matter shall have determined by a solemn judgement and Sentence according to the usuall form and method What she resolves in such occurrences according to the Word of God the true meaning whereof she faithfully gives us is to be received as matter of Faith whether it were beforehand known or not known to be so And the contrary is an Error which we are obliged with her to condemn and anathematise unless we intend to become Infidel and Schismaticks Here is the Principle we are agreed upon on all sides as I have made appear both by the Doctrine and proceedings of our Adversanes themselves It imports now very much to apply this to the particular subject we have in hand and it shall be my endeavour to effect it CHAP. III. The applying this agreed-on Principle to the Subject of the Holy Eucharist TO make a due Application of this general Principle to the subject of the Holy Eucharist with the same peaceableness and quiet we have hither to endeavoured to maintain and together with the consent of Parties we must needs step a little aside but still in such order and measure that we may go friendly on in the same path hand in hand together without justling one another still laying all Disputes aside The first step therefore that I make of this kind is to produce what is agreed upon on all sides to have been in all Ages believed concerning the Holy Eucharist to wit that it is a Sacrament which is a Memorial of the Death of our Lord Jesus Christ who is there present and wherein his blessed Body and precious Blood are truely received by the Faithful according to the express words of the Son of God himself who says Take and eat this is my Body do this in memory of me This is what
who before their condemnation were of the same Church must not say that she is unchurched and that it is they themselves who now make up the Church under pain of being held not onely Schismaticks but also very extravagant fantastical persons And those who follow them after this and declare for them at what time soever it be become fully as criminal as those who first separated themselves from the Church in so unreasonable and so unjustifiable a manner This Assembly or Representative having examined the proofs and reasons on both sides and consulted with the Holy Scriptures which are the Rule of Faith has often declared that the Rea Presence and a substantial Change are to be believed and has condemned as an Heresie that opinion which stands for Real Absence Of all that I have now said I cannot imagin any one Point which can be call'd in question as I have stated the business And I think I have made it appear by the very words and Principles of Monsieur Claude himself that he is bound to agree with me in every particular since by following his own conduct we find our selves exactly and precisely in the state and condition of the Synod of Dort In the mean time those who first stood for a Real Absence against those who proposed a Real Presence when they saw themselves condemned by that Church of which they were and which before their condemnation was to all intents and purposes the real True Church as we are agreed undertake to say that she is not so and that they onely who maintain what she condemns do constitute the True Church Now according to the Principles a greed upon I cannot discover how they can avoid being held Schismaticks And by unavoidable consequence all those who have taken part with them these five hundred years must needs be subject to the same censure It being certain that they joyn with those who separated themselves from the True Church of Christ for no other reason but because they found themselves condemned by her It is true that that Church which is acknowledged to have been at that time the True Church was indeed the Church of Rome or Roman Church But what follows from thence according to the Principles agreed upon but that we must conclude for Her all that has been said in behalf of the True Church even by the consent of our adversaries themselves And that those who were of that Church before they withdrew themselves upon that Judgement she gave against them could not in reason and suffice say that she did now cease to be the True Church and that she misunderstood the meaning of Holy Scripture For she being the True Church as themselves grant before this happened 't was she that was Judge thereof according to the Decree of the Synod of Dort and not they who according to the same Synod were bound to submit to her Judgement and to hold that for the true sence of Scripture which she followed in her decisions All this is so clearly proved without mixture of any proofs by way of Disputation that I think I shall do well to stop here without pretending any further that I may peaceably draw those consequences which this great Principle affords us CHAP. IV. The Consequences which naturally flow from this Principle by a due application thereof 1. IN the second Chapter you may have seen how the True Church when contests do arise has power to decide them according to the Word of God and to propose that unto Christians as matter of Faith which antecedently to such decision they were not obliged to believe because it was not clearly and distinctly known but remained as yet involved in a general and confused knowledge In the third Chapter we did apply that uncontroulable Principle unto the subject of the Holy Eucharist and have clearly shewed that the Church of which the first contestors then were and which being the onely Church before separation made by one of the Parties was also the True Church did decide this matter according to method and Rule in favour of the Real Presence From these two Verities thus established even without Dispute and by-wayes we were all the way agreed upon taking along with us the thoughts of Monsieur Claude and allowing him whatsoever he was pleased to ask it will not be hard in this Chapter to to draw some consequences which offer themselves unto us and which it is impossible not to discover how little soever we desire to reflect upon what we have fairly and candidly acknowledged to be true 2. For first who does not see that it is necessarily inferred from thence that although the Real Presence had not been believed before the tenth Age which notwithstanding is a great mistake yet we are now obliged to believe it Because the True Church of which the first Contesting Parties were members and before their being condemned acknowledged her for such has put an end to the quarrel giving Sentence for and proposing as matter of Faith the said Real Presence Moreover that those first Abettors of a Real Absence by refusing to submit to her Judgement became Schismaticks and that all those who declared afterwards for that Faction are as faulty and in the same crime with them I do absolutely believe with the Authour of The Perpetuity c. that considering some circumstances and certain matters of fact which cannot be denied it was morally impossible that such an insensible change should have been made by passing imperceptibly from a belief which is pretended to have been of a Real Absence to that which we now have of a Real Presence But in case such a change was made not by way of negation but of Addition passing from an obscure confused kind of knowledge to a distinct positive Belief of the Real Presence proposed for the lucidation or clearing this great Mysterie in such manner as Monsieur Claude is pleased subtily enough to imagin yet the obligation of believing it would still subsist and stand in force Because the same Church of which the Parties who were first in Dispute about this matter were lawful subjects having heard and examined their Reasons did judge according to Rule that it was of Faith It is not therefore now lawful to follow those who revolted against their Mother Church for the same cause that Monsieur Claude will without question freely grant that it was not lawful in Conscience to side and take part with the Monothelites who would by no means receive the Decree and decision of the Church they lived in touching two wills and operations in Christ On the contrary I am sure he does reteive and reverence that Doctrine as an apputtenance of faith although here was also a change in the same manner by way of Addition in the belief of the Church and that this distinction of wills and operations was not before clearly and distinctly known Some body perchance may here tell me that for this very reason the Protestants of
at this day to joyn with them without becoming complices with them and guilty of their revolt This is that we call a true solid and general Prescription against all those who contend with us Behold here an end of the war a conclusion of all Disputes the bond of peace the union of hearts and understandings the certain Rule the immovable Point the unquestionable Principle and sole abridgement of all Controversies What we are to believe concerning the Invocation of Saints the veneration of holy Images of the number of Sacraments of Purgatory of Grace of Free-will and of Justification Let us not now renew those old quarrels which have set the Christian World at odds concerning these points Let us not again fall a questioning and discussing all those Texts and passages which have been a thousand times mentioned a thousand times brought on one side and as often returned on the other in a quite contrary sence Let us not engage our selves in those quarrels where the victory never appears certain because such Champions are alwayes in a readiness to charge the enemy afresh being never out of breath and resolved never to quit the field nor lay down their arms Behold what will set us all right and bring us to an agreement in a moment putting a period to all our troubles even before they begin Let us see what that Church which was common Mother and commander of both Parties when the war first began has resolv'd in each of these particulars Here you shall be able to discover wherein true Faith consists Because the True Church which in all mens opinions has power when the question is moved to declare what is to be believed has judged thus and thus according to those Rules which she never failing to apply them in due manner and just proportion can never be deficient He whosoever he was who refused obedience to that Decree became ipso facto a Schismatick And it is no less evident that all who joyn with him are in the same Predicament This is that one Fundamental and allresolving Point which alone can end the quarrel and that in the most peaceable manner imaginable without being obliged to enter into further debate or discussion of the matter And this is the reason why speaking all this while of a True Church which certainly is somewhere or other as all the world acknowledges I have purposely omitted to say any thing of the Church of Rome or of the Authority of the Pope or of his quality or prerogatives as Head thereof For infallibly I should have met with some rub or other this being a Point highly contested between us whereas for my part I was resolved to enter into no quarrel but to be at perfect agreement and go on my way hand in hand with those of the Protestant Church For I conceive we have nothing else to do but to apply this our Rule and agreed upon Principle unto the present matter and to allow unto St. Peter and his Successors that which the Gospel gives him as it is understood by that Church of which we all were when Disputes first arose concerning that subject and according to what that Church has set forth in those great and holy Assemblies of the first Oecumenical Councils which are and ought to be reverenced and respected by all who call themselves Christians I ask but this which I think cannot be denyed me and this alone is an assured means to bring us speedily to an agreement and to cause a cessation of that lamentable division which is amongst us and is so unfortunate to the Church so pernicious to the publick good so injurious to the peace and quiet of the People and so fatally prejudicial to the safety and Salvation of so many Persons Wherefore for a conclusion I humbly and with my whole heart and foul beseech our Brethren of the Reformed Church in the fight and presence of God to lay aside that inveterate prejudice they have against us 〈…〉 which obstructs their peaceable treating with us as if we were people who refused the Word of God for the Rule of our Faith and actions I beseech you Gentlemen do not eternally use that language to us Templum Domini Templum Domini Jer. 7. The Temple of the Lord the pure Word of God the pure Word of God without any mixture of humane inventions and Traditions This was and is at this day the custome and practice of the Ariant the Sabellians the Nestorians the Mâ—nothelites the Anabaptists the Socinians the Independents and Quakers whose language this ever was and to this hour is and yet I do not find you have any great correspondence with or kindness for that gang of people whom we suppose you have as great dislike of as we our selves Have you not taken notice that the Enemy of Mankind himself when 't was to his purpose made use of Scripture That father of lyes said it as boldly as some of his children afterwards that the true sence of the Word of God made for him 'T is a Reflexion of Vincentius Lirinensis who was much esteemed in the fifth Age of the Church and is highly extolled even by the Magdebargian Centuriatores themselves Cent. 5. c. 10. That wicked fiend sayes he that teaches and Master of Hereticks would needs perswade the Son of God that if he was the true Messias he must cast himself down from the Pinacle of the Temple to make himself known to the world There is nothing more false And yet for proof he produced that passage of the 90 Psalm Psal 90. v. 11 22. Sicut tunc caput capiti ita nune membra membris lâ—quuatur membra scilicet Diaboli membris Christi perfidi fidelibus sacrilegi religiosis Haeretici postremò Catholicis Common â— c. 37. where it is said He has given his Angels charge of thee that they keep thee in all thy wayes In their hands they shall bear thee lest perhaps thou knock thy foot against a stone What the Chief of Hereticks said at that time to the Chief of Christians the same do the members of that wicked one say at this time to the members of Jesus Christ the Infidels to the Faithful Hereticks to Catholicks ever alledging Scripture for themselves The question therefore is not whether the Word of God be that Rule which we are bound to follow There is not not ever was any Heretick upon the face of the earth who did not affirm this as stoutly and resolutely as any Catholick can do As the debate never arose about this so shall the decision of this Point never end the quarrel nor bring peace among us There is no body questions it neither you nor we doubt the least of it And yet the feud for all that still increases That then which is of true importance or concern is to know whether that which we call the Word of God be really so or no and whether the interpretation which I give or that
task to oppose we know not what till we come to the Tryal or defend our selves against I cannot tell whom Lutheran Calvinist Anabaptist Independent c. till they are pleased to declare themselves and appoint us our Theme But that for which I am to commend and recommend this ensuing Discourse is that I think it equally and strongly convincing against all For if it be once made out as this Treatise endeavours to evince even by the consent of the whole Reformed Church it self that there must intervene some Supreme Authority which may exact an acquiescencie and withall are obliged to submit unto without further dispute there will quickly be discovered a ready way to put things into a better posture and particulars will find whereon to settle as in one Center that unlimitted variety of opining I beseech those who have a real kindnesse for their own Souls and any respect for those who were accounted great Persons even in their own way to reflect particularly upon what is mentioned in the second Chapter of this little Work concerning the Opinions of the Divines of all the Reformed Churches of Europe in this Point and especially upon what was delivered at the famous Synod of Dort by the Embassadour and by the Commission of the Great and VVise King King James That there was but one onely means which the Church had ever made use of to wit a National Synod which was to be Judge in the case and to decide which of the two Opinions was more conformable to the Word of God c. And conformably to this you will find how that wise King when soon after his coming into England the Puritans Dr. Reynolds Mr. Knewstabs c. began to shew themselves at a Conference in the Kings own Presence and Mr. Knewstabs in particular moving * Bakers Chronicle of the affairs of the Church in the Reign of K. James p. 445. How far an Ordinance of the Church was to bind men without impeachment of their Christian Liberty Being much moved made this short reply and told him he would not argue that Point with him but answer therein as Kings are wont to speak in Parliament Le Roy S' avistra And therefore I charge you said he never speak more to that Point how far you are bound to Obey when the Church has once ordained it By which earnest and wise Answer of his certainly he could intend nothing lesse but that the Ordinances and Decrees of the Church are so far obligatory as never to be questioned but to be religiously respected and admitted with an Ipso dixit This certainly must also be the meaning and import of those words in the twentyeth of the 39. Articles The Church hath power to Decree Rites or Ceremonies and Authority in Controversies of Faith c. For Power and Authority and Submission and Obedience are certainly correlatives If there be Power and Authority to enact Submission and Obedience are essential to performance Now by the Church here and in the foregoing Reply of King James if any thing was intended reducible to action and practice I imagine nothing can be meant but the Representative of the Church Archbishops Bishops and the Chief of the Clergy lawfully convened c. VVhich Representative as is very remarkable both in Queen Elizabeth's dayes Anno 1562. and in King James's Anno 1604 with the consent and allowance of the said King and Queen under the great Seal thought themselves so unquestionably impowered and authorised for that great VVork of framing certain Articles in order to an Uniformity of Doctrine in Religion as no man by their special and strict Command could be admitted to any part of the Ministry without consenting and subscribing thereunto VVhich was yet more strongly enforced upon all in general by those Excommunications ipso facto denounced against all dissenters in the Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical made Anno 1604. Not to mention those others who have nothing but Antichrist the Tyrannical Antichrist in their mouths when a Pope or Council is but mentioned and yet think it not unreasonable upon the Authority of a Convocation of some few Elders c. to oblige to their Tenets and Practices under pain of a stool of Repentance c. I know there are some who hold all these proceedings and practises very harsh and unreasonable whose spirits will not easily yield but will make bold to argue the case with Kings or Councils Parliaments or Prelates or any thing which agrees not with their private and particular Principles And they will tell you very colourably as they imagine that as their Soul is their own and as they must stand or fall to themselves so are they to make choice of their own faith and Religion and not to pin it upon another mans sleeve I should somthing wonder to bear an Objection of this nature from any one who pretends to Learning But because I know there are some who make plausible flourishes upon it and think by this means to cast off all Authority and become their own free choosers and Masters without controle and consequently will slight the chief grounds of this Discourse fitted principally for persons of better Principles I must needs in a word shew them that if they design any thing of reason and not all wilfulness and presumption in their proceedings they must needs find another Point to steer their course by And yet Gentlemen thus far I will keep you company that your Soul is your own under the great Giver of it and that you must stand or fall to your selves But I fear you have never been at any of the Universities or not minded the businesse your Parents intended by the charge they were at if you think this good Logick Ergo you are to choose your own Faith in that sence which is and must be intended by you if you think to evade what will here come in against you For your meaning if at all to your purpose can be no other but that because your Soul is your own and you your self and no body else are to give an account of your stewardship and your improving of it therefore you are to make up a Faith which indeed is the Ground of all subsequent action according to your own fancy and understanding And yet I cannot believe but you will acknowledge that you are to take some Guide along with you that you are to follow some Rule in this business of so important a concern You will never own I am sure of it that it shall be meer fancy that you are resolveâ— to rely upon A Guide then you must have A Rule you must follow An you sure in a business of so great importance as is the salvation of your Soul that you have a faithful Guide a direct Rule Do you follow the one close dâ— you apply the other right Here theâ— you see unexpectedly perehance thaâ— your Guide your Rule your use or application of them may be questioned Bâ— you will
please to furnish me with and grant me of their own accords 8. And to oblige my self to perform it with as much clarity and brevity withal as may possibly be I will conclude the matter in these three Chapters following In the first I will propose the Maxime or Principle which I intend to make use of and I will establish it by the Doctrine and proceedings of Prorestants themselves In the second I will apply it according to their own Rules unto the Subject of the Holy Eucharist And in the last I will draw those Consequences which their own agreed-upon Principles do afford me This seems to me the way to force our Adversaries but sweetly to return of themselves to that True Faith from which a miserable Schisme has unfortunately separated them by the revolt of their Fore-fathers I am not able to say what success I am like to have in so noble an enterprise My endeavours nevertheless shall not be wanting to effect it upon those terms which I have prefixed unto my self At least I intend to secure this advantage that having no litigious quarrel with these Gentlemen if I prove not so fortunate as to perswade them into and reduce them to the obedience of the Holy Church I will not at least interrupt that civil peace and sociable tranquillity we all enjoy under the Authority of the Lawes of our Gracious King by words and expressions which are apt sometimes to sound too loud and bite too sharply I will not I say have my part in those too bitter and violent expressions which the earnestness of Disputation is naturally apt to lead a man â—â—to unless more than ordinary care be used for the checking them Finally I will avoid the bitterness of those obstinate Contests which are too frequently accompanied with that sharpness and animosity which is not at all beseeming the civil breeding of this Age nor this happy time of Peace when all our worâ—â— ought to carry a certain sweetness with them which may inspire and maintain Union and Charity CHAP. II. The settling of this general Maxime That that Church in which are found the two Parties concern'd has ever had the Power to determine all differences and to declare that as matter of Faith which before there was no obligation to believe And that we are bound to acquiesce unto her decisions under the penalty of being Schismaticks 1. THere is not any one to be sound among those who bear the name of Christians who does not acknowledge that there is in the World a True Church which our Lord Jesus has purchased with the price of his own most pretious Blood All those who have separated themselves from us into so many several Sects declaring that their Congregation is the Company of the Faithful and the Church of God agree at least in this that they hold for certain that there is a True Church of Jesus Christ wheresoever it is to be found It is moreover evident that those who first entred into Dispute concerning matters of Faith were all of the same Church which Church before it did declare for either side of the Dissenters and before one Party made a separation was the onely then in being and consequently the True Church Now of this Church it is I intend to speak and I averr that all generally do agree that She is endowed with Soveraign Authority to define and propose that as matter of Faith which antecedently to her definition no body perchance was obliged to accept under that notion 2. For proof of this Verity which is not well to be denied when understood this reflexion is to be made out of St. Paul to the Romans Chap. 10 That to be bound to believe a thing as a Point of Faith it is not sufficient that it be contained in the Word of God which is the onely motive of divine Faith but it is also necessary that we know it and that we know it as revealed by God For to know it we must hear of it and for this purpose regularly speaking it is necessary that it be proposed by full Authority as the formal words of the blessed Apostle do clearly import How shall they believe him whom they have not heard Quomodo credent in quem non audierunt Quomodo autem audient sine praedicante Quomodo autem praedicabunt nisi mittantur Rom. 10. v. 14 15. Ergo fides ex auditu auditus autem per verbum Christi v. 17. and how shall they hear without a Preacher but how shall they Preach unless they be sent There is then no obligation to believe without a previous instruction concerning an Aâ—â—icle of Faith and this cannot be without the Ministry of those who are appointed by the Church to propose her Doctrine which Doctrine is grounded upon the Word of God In regard of this the Apostle concludes in this manner Faith then is by hearing and hearing is by the Word of Christ Thus for there is no difference betwixt us and Protestants They do own that for this end it is necessary there should be in the Church Ministers of the Word of God for the proposing by her Authority that which is contained in the Divine Word They profess that in order to an obligation of believing any particular point it is necessary that it be distinctly known and that it be proposed by some legal Authority to be believed 3. This notwithstanding there are many things which we are now obliged to believe which were not distinctly known at some other time nor proposed unto the Faithful as Points belonging to Faith and necessarily to be believed by them It is a verity which no Protestant I think will make difficulty in For I will now grant them that all that we are to believe is contained in the Word of God which we have received in the Holy Scriptures and which the blessed Apostles have delivered unto us having first received it of their Divine Master Christ Jesus But I hope also they will not stick to acknowledge that all that is comprehended in Holy Writ whether in the sence of the Letter or in the Consequences which are included in those Divine Principles has not alwayes been clearly and distinctly known by all persons and at all times It is an admirable sure of Tapistry wrought by the hand of God himself and framed with a most rare variety of gracefull figures both for ornament and instruction of his Church but it was not from the beginning exposed all at once to view These rare lineaments did not appear but by degrees as it happened that the pieces were unfolded one after another upon occasions It is a most fertile soil which bears a marvellous variety of sweet flowers of excellent fruit and all sorts of choice grain in its bowells as it were inclosed or shut up in the seeds which are as so many Treasures with which she is inriched but you must expect till the Sun disclose and discover them making them spring and bud
the Senatâ— of Amsterdam notwithstanding the Eloquent Oration which the famouâ— Grotius made in favour of the Remâ—â— strators to encline them to yield unto a Toleration Hereupon the two Patties grew into greater heats and Animosities than ever There is nothing bâ— Writing pro and con for and againâ—â— the Doctrine of Arminius Scand aloâ—â— Libels are cast out against the Magistrates They inveigh outragiously one against another in their Pulpits Each one pretends his doctrine to be the more antient as being more conformable 〈◊〉 the Word of God In private Families in Meetings at Feasts at the Bourse in the Shops you should heâ—â— nothing but discourses of Grace and Predestination Every where disputing every where wrangling From words sometimes they fall to blows and parricular quarrels turn to a kind of civil war Wheresoever one party finds it self the stronger At Amsterdam at Leyden at Utrecht c the other is sure to fare bad enough Nay they go so far as even to levy Souldiers to strengthen their Faction and maintain it where it has got the upper-hand In one word an utter Desolation seems to threaten the whole State and the Union of the United-Provinces is in great danger of being broken by the division of judgements in these points of Controverfie The States General who have the Soveraign Authority in those Provinces applyed themselves in earnest to find some efficacious remedy for so great a mischief which so much Writing so much Disputing so many Conferences could do no good in They had long before judged it necessary to call a National Synod for the final deciding of the business They had caused a Meeting of some Divines and Ministers of every Province for their Opinions and advise in the case Arminius himself who was one of the Company had given his consent with the rest Buâ— it was not then put in execution partly through the cunning shifts of the Aâ—minians partly by the contrivance 〈◊〉 Barnevelt their Protectour and partly by reason of some other affairs 〈…〉 which caused a diversion or rather a suspension of the proceeding at present For when the danger grew greater and the Truce which they had been 〈◊〉 Treaty about with the King of Spain gave them leave to apply themselves more seriously to this business their fell again upon the same design The King of England wrote unto them about it and gave them also his judgement at a publick Audience by his Embassadour that for the setling those troubles and putting an end to those Contests there was but one onely meaâ—â— which the Church had ever madâ—nse of to wit a Nationall Syâ—â—â— which was to be Iudge in the case and 〈◊〉 decide which of the two opinions was morâ— conformable to the Word of God or at leaâ—â— how and in what manner the one orthe other might be tolerated in the Church of God The States of Zealand and those of most of the other Provinces moved for the same The Protestant Princes of Germany and the neighbouring Republicks made the like Remonstrance It was from all parts solemnly declared that it was absolutely necessary for them to refer themselves to the Supreme Authority of that Church of which the two Parties were members Merc. To. 5. 1617. pag. 15 In conclusion the Arminians themselves agreed unto it they were no longer able to withsland that torrent of advise votes which came from all parts to the same effect recommending the Authority of a Synod Upon this the States General put forth a Declaration in which they made a Protestation that they prerended not by the calling a National Synod to derogate from the Rights and Liberties of the Provinces and that their intention was no other but to bring to trial before the Supreme and legal Authority those Points which then were in Contest about matters of Religion that by Judgement therein Peace might be restored to all the Reformed Churches This was done in conformity to the Peâ—ition of the Anti-Remonstrators who demanded a National Synod for the ending of Controversies without pretending for all that Ib. To. 5. p. 35. that new Articles oâ— Faith should be made After this Circular Letters were written to all the Provinces to the eâ— that every one should send unto the Synod six Deputies chosen out of theâ— Ministers and ablest Divines The Wallon Churches had the same invitaâ—on The States did also beseech the King of Great Brittain The Electioâ— Paâ—atine and of Brandebourg the Land grave of Hesse the Cantons of Zurâ—â— of Berne of Bafile and of Schaffoâ—se the Counts of Veteravia the Republicks of Geneva of Bremen and 〈◊〉 Emden to make choice of and depâ—â—â— the ablest Doctors amongst them to be assistant at this Synod which thus became more than National and was begun at Dort a Town of Holland 〈◊〉 the thirteenth of December in the Yea of our Lord 1618. The Protestants of France whâ— were invited among the first would no have failed to have been present as we as those of Geneva But as the King does not permit Ministers of other Countries to come to those Synods which they hold in his Kingdome so does he not also permit that those of his Kingdome go to those of other Nations This notwithstanding did not hinder the Ministers of France from assisting in the best manner they could For not being allowed to go thither in person the chief of them sent their Opinions and that of Monsieur Du Moulin Sess 1434 which was read publickly at the Synod and agrees exactly with the Determination of the said Synod is still to be seen at this day It is further remarkable that the year following all the Protestant Churches of France in a National Synod held at Alez received all those Decrees obliging all the Ministers and Elders deputed for that Assembly to take a solemn Oath and protest in the sight of God that they did admit of and embrase the Doctrine of the Synod of Dort as intirely conformable with the Word of God and that they would maintain the same to the utmost of their power so long as they had breath in their bodies This is what they solemnly swore unto according to the form of the Oath which you may see annexed to the end of this Treatise By which appears that these Gentlemen can now neither in Honour not Conscience refuse submission to the Decisions and Authority of the said Synod 11. Decemb. 1618. In the twenty seventh Session the Remonstrators who were not satisfied with and mistrusted their Judges made solemn Protestation against the Authority of the Synod declaring that they could not acknowledge them for lawful Judges in the case because the greaest part of them consisted of Parties and had already publickly declared against their Doctrine All the Deputies of forreign Churches gave their Opinions in Writing concerning this Protestation The Judgement of the English Divines and all unanimously declared that they judged it null and void most unreasonable and
against the Custome and practice of the first Council of Nice of Constantinople of Ephesus of Calcedon where the Bishops who were from the first against the opinions of Arius Macedâ—nius Nestorius and Eutyches did not cease notwithstanding to be their lawful Judges in those sacred Assemblies which represented the Church unto which all Parties owed subjection That if that Protestation were admitted as reasonable it never was The Judgement of the Divines of Hesse nor ever could be possible to assemble a lawful Council for the deciding of Controversies and suppressing of Errors fince the most zealous Pastors and the ablest Divines were alwayes those who either by Word of Mouth or by Writing made chief opposition against such Opinions as they esteemed Heretical That if one upon such grounds must lose his right of assisting at Councils The Judgement of the Divines of Bremen all the Heresies imaginable might be eflablished without refrstance none opposing them for fear of bringing so great a prejudice upon themselves That it cannot be said upon that score that a man is judge in his own cause because in Contests of that nature when it is in question Which is Orthodox Doctrine it is not properly the Cause of every or any particular person but it is in reality the Cause of God and his Holy Church which is in agitation That for the deciding of this The Judgement of the Divines of the Palatinat when Disputes do arise we are not to apply our selves to the Jews and Gentiles who may seem nenters in the case as having no interest in either Opinion but that it ought to be referred to the Pastors and Brethren of the same Church being met together to decide it according the Word of God Optat. Milevit l. 5. advers Parmenian whatever Opinion they happened to be of during the time of the Contest And finally that Sentence being given by the Assembly submission is to be yielded and that if the Remonstrators do refuse to conforme adhering still to their Protestation they do thereby declare that they do renounce Communion with the Reformed Churches and that in that case it belongs to the Soveraign Power to determine what is to be done In these very words did the Divines of Geneva declare themselves Upon this the Deputies of the States General declared against the Protestanon of the Remonstrators that the National Synod was lawful and Soveraigâ— Judge in this Controversy as the same Synod had formerly declared in the 26. Autoritatem ejus non defugerent sed eandem pro legitimo causae judice agnoscerent Session In pursuance hereof they summoned them to renounce their Proteslation and to give in Writing what they had to say in defence of their five Articles which in conclusion they did After this all the Reasons of both sides being fully examined in several Sessions Sess 138.24 Apr. 1619. the Synod Condemned the five Propositions of the Arminians as full of Error and contrary to the Word of God and forbad them to be held or taught in any of the Reformed Churches as also to admit any person to the Minislery who had not subscribed the contrary Doctrine which was approved as onely True and Orthodox by the Decree of the Council 2. Jul. 1619 The States General hereupon sent Orders into all the Provinces forbidding any other Doctrine to be taught but what did punctually agree with the Judgement of the Synod concerning these five Articles with express Command to all Governours and Magistrates to see the said Decrees exactly observed Moreover Barnevelt who had been the Head and chief Protector of the Remonstrators and had endeavoured in their defence to hinder the convocating of the National Synod was seised upon 24. Aug. 1618. and taken Prisoner some three months before the beginning of thâ— said Synod 14 May 1619. and four dayes after thâ— concluding thereof with a Condemnâ—tion of the Arminians was Condemned to dy Merc. Franc. To. 5. pag. 43 and was beheaded Because as is specified in the first and second Article of the Sentence given againâ—â— him he had raised troubles in Religiâ— and contristated as much as in him lay the Church of God in maintaining aâ—â— causing by his Partisans to be maintarxed and instill'd into the minds of maâ—â— people that extravagant and pernicion Maxime That it belongs to every particular Province within their Precinctâ—â— to ordain of matters of Religion withâ—â— any obligation of giving notice thereof 〈◊〉 other Provinces And for having pretested without Commission in the name of thâ— Provinces of Holland Uâ—recht and Overisle that the Deputies of the other Province who did press for and forward the convocation of a National Synod would be thâ— cause and Authors of much danger 〈◊〉 mischief After this who can any longer question but the Protestant Churches 〈◊〉 England rance Germany Swisserland and the Low-Countries do hold as a Fundamental Maxime That in such Controversies as do arise concerning Doctrine in matters of Religion tho True Church of which the dissenting Parties are members has full and Soveraign Power to declare according to the Word of God what is of Faith and that there is an obligation of standing to her Decrees under pain of being Schismaticks We know very well also that in conformity with this priviledge and practise the like Synods have been held in France concerning some other Points wherein the Ministers were 〈◊〉 some variance and that it has been absolutely and authoritatively defined what was to be believed After which The Judge ment of the Divines ofâ— Geneva it has not been held lawful to contest or argue for the contrary without incurring the penalty of being cut off from the Body of the Church and this because the Gospel sayes That he who does not admit of the decisious of the Church is to be accounted as an Infidel and Publican 9. Ordo obfervatur qualem Deus sancivit sanctificavit exemplo Apostolorum omnium aetatum Ecclesiae confirmavit reduetivè ad dictum Christi dic Ecclesiae si Ecclesiam non audierit c. The Divines of Geneva thought good to make use of this passage in the Judgement they gave against the Protestation of the Arminians to proâ—â— that Verity in the Synod of Dort whiâ—â— also confirmed it Wherefore I do now before hand humbly befeech Monsieur Claude thâ—â— he go not about to tell me that according to their Doctrine even the Trâ— Church is not infallible and that shâ— may have het errors Whether Monsieur Claude whom I hold to be â— man of too much Wit and Reason 〈◊〉 be of that opinion does for his partiâ— cular Quare in sententià omninò debent stare judicio corporis repraesentati per Synodum loquentem mandato ore ex sensu totius corporis nec licet ipsis corpus in partes vncare vel sibi adversarium fingere vels sibi jus corporis arrogarâ—â— quod ipsis nullâ lege permiâ—titur really
think so I cannot tellâ— but in this I am very well satisfied thaâ— there are many Ministers who have heâ— it and who for all that I know 〈◊〉 at this very day as much in the 〈◊〉 mour to maintain it resolutely and poâ—tively as ever And for this very reason I do declare that as I am resolved to have no deâ—â—ings of this nature neither with his nor them so will I not run riot 〈◊〉 forsake the quiet path I am already 〈◊〉 to engage my self in the way of 〈◊〉 guing and Disputing which I purpoâ—â— to avoide * Liv. 1. c. 13. Cardinal Richelicu has 〈◊〉 ready treated that Controversy with all the vigour imaginable and has demonstrated by most convincing Reafons that the True Church of God being guided by the Spirit of God as we must suppose her to be Vel abjiecere debent omnem Protestationem ad versus Synodum subjicere sua dogmata illius judicio vel certè si manent in Protestatione immoti eo ipso se declarant Unioâ—i Ecclesiarum ReformataruÌ„ renuntiare quod si faciant dispiciat postea summa potestaâ— quid facto sit opus cannot be deceived But that I may not be obliged to fight though with so much advantage under the conduct of so great a Person I am resolved not to enter into the field Let that passe then for the present untouched whether the Church can or cannot be deceived this is not the business now in agitation It is sufficient for what I would be at that our Brethren the Protestants do avert as von have seen in the proceedings of the Council of Dort that those who are of this Church are obliged to hold that she is not deceived that what she defines is the pure Truth according to the true meaning of the Word of God and consequently that they must submit to all her Decisions in matters of Faith under pain of being excommunicated and declared Hereticks and Schismaticks notwithstanding they still Protest as the Arminians and all other Hereticks have ever done that they have the Word of God on their side For of this very poinâ— it was that the Reformed Church gave Judgement in the Synod of Dort In reality as we are agreed on aâ— sides that in all Contests we are 〈◊〉 stick to that which is conformable to thâ— Word of God and that we are to reject what is not so the question is finally reduced to this how that the Word of God is to be understood when it is alledged by both sides for the supporting their Opinions The Disciples of Arminius had their placeâ— of Holy Scripture in defence of theâ— five Articles The Gomarists maintained a Doctrine contrary to those Articles by other passages which they produced out of the same Holy Scripture They were at as great odds concerning the sence or meaning of those Places and Passages each Party challenging the true one on their side It being then avouched that it belongs unto the Synod to end the Debate it does also without all doubt belong to the same Synod to determine in what sence the words cited out of Holy Scripture are to be understood Now I would gladly desire these Gentlemen to tell me whether that Synod which represented as they believe the True Church was infallible oâ— no. If it was infallible then Infallibly the objection they make is of no force since they agree with us that the True Church cannot err But now if it was not infallible they must at least affirm that this did not hinder but they were obliged to submit to the Decisions made therein under the penalty of being Schismaticks the Divines Deputed from their several Churches having solemnly declared that they were to subscribe to the Decrees and reject as Erroneous what should be condemned But that which the Synod of Delpht does clearly and positively declare upon this occasion takes away all force from enervates and quite destroys this objection The Remonstrators at the first would not be brought to submit to the National Synod because said they amongst other reasons which they alledged for their refusal it may erre as all other even Oecumenical Councils may they being not infallible as the Apostles were Christus Dominus qui Apostolis promisit Spiritum Veritatis qui ipsos ducturus esset in omnem veritatatem Ecclesiae quoque suae pollicitus est se cum eâ usque ad finem saeculi mansurum Mart. 28.20 Et ubi duo vel tres c. Matt. 18.10 who were guided immediately by the Holy Ghost The Statesâ— Holland and Westfriesland advised aboâ—â— this with their Synod which was theâ— held at Delpht And it was answered thaâ— that reason did not hinder but that they were obliged to receive the decisions oâ— the Synod and to follow the Judgement thereof when a doctrine is condemned because as Christ our Lord did promise his Spirit unto the Apostles for the instructing them in all Truth he has also promised his Church to be with her to the end of the world and that when two or three of them should be assembled together in his Name he would be in the midst of them The same Synod adds that when * Quando piiac docti Pastores ex diversis Ecclesiis diversisque regionibus orâ—â— Christiani in timore Domini conveniunt ut ex Dei verbo justcent quid in Ecclesiâ Dei doceri aut non deceri conveniat â—â—nino credendum est Christum juxta promissionem suam ejusâ—adi conventui interfuturum at que â—undum sancto suo Spiritâ— illustraturum ac recturum ut nihil in eo quod ad veritatis aâ— regni ejus detrimentum verti possit decernatur Nullus ords nulla pax esse poterit in Eccliâ Dei si eâ—ilibet quidlibet docere permiâ—tatur nec ad rationem doctrinae sat reddendam nec se judicio alicujus Synodici conventus submittendum obligetur juxta praeceptum Apostoli 1 Cor. 14 2. 31. ut judicetur de his quae Prophetae loquuntur Prophetarum spiritus Prophetis subjecti sint Jud Syn Delph Sess 26. Syn. Derdr many pious and learned Pastours sent from several Churches of Christendome do meet together to determine according to the Word of God what is to be taught or rejected in his Church it is to be believed with all confidence that our Blessed Saviour according to his promise will be present at such an Assembly and will not fail to enlighten and guide them by his Holy Spirit that they may not determine any thing prejudicial to Truth After which towards the end follows that there would be no Order in the Church of God nor ever could be any hopes of Peace if every one were permitted to teach what he pleased and not bound to give any account of his Doctrine nor submit himself to the judgement of a Synod according to the Command of the Apostle who ordains that what is taught by Prophets should be judged of by the Spirit of
Prophets This makes it further more manifest that it cannot be said that the Decrees of Synods are onely Rules of Policy which do not reach unto Doctrine and only serve for exterior order which is the utmost limit of their authority For it is most evident that this Assembly at Dort did pretend to regulate iâ— self according to the four first Councils whose example they proposed unto themseles In the mean time these Gentlemen do acknowledge that those Councils did condemn the doctrine of those Arch heretiques whom they gave Sentence against in such manner that it was not lawful to hold it not adhere unto their Party without becoming like unto them Hereticks and Schismaticks It cannot then be doubted but this Synod pretended to the same thing and that by declaring that the Doctrine of the Arminians was full of errors and contrary to the Word of God they intended to say an obligation of renouncing the said Doctrine by subscribing to their Decrees that they might not become guilty of Schisme and Heresie But without any great necessity of reasoning the business it is but hearing how the Synod delivers it self upon this subject For you must know that the Arminians refused to observe the Order which was appointed for the discussion and examination of their Articles Nay they were so bold as to maintain that they could not in Conscience accommodate themselves to that Method which they apprehended to be so prejudicial to the good Cause The Synod thereupon declares Quin potius si conscientiae suae quam debent rationem habereve lint eâ—s ad obtemper andum aequissimis supremarum potestarum mandatis hujúsque Synodi ordini judicio acquiescendum teneri Seff 42. die 29 Decembâ—is that it belongs to them as Judges to prescribe the Order which was to be observed in a Hearing of that nature and not at all to the Parties upon whom Sentence was to pass and that the pretext of Conscience which was laid hold on upon this occasion is no wayes jufâ—ifiable because there being nothing here in concern but the examination of the business their Consciences in this can suffer nothing Then they add these decisive words That if they on the contrary intend to have any regard to their Consciences as they ought in duty they are obliged to obey the Commands of Higher Powers to follow Orders and to acquiesce unto the Judgement of the Synod To this purpose it is that they alledge that passage of the Gospel which commands to esteem him as an Infidel who does not obey the Church It is pretended then that this Synod which represents their Church obliges to another kind of Obedience then meerly Political and that in matters of Faith where there is an obligation to believe under pain of damnation there is a duty incumbent upon Conscience to submit unto her Decrees Eandem pro legitimo causae Judice agnoscerent because as is there expresly determined in the 26. Sess It is The Synod which is Lawful Iudge in this Cause 11. Certainly the Synod had a great deal of reason to speak in that mannen For in so remarkable a Contest as this between two such Parties who were in Dispute of matters of such importance presupposed that they looked upon themselves as the Representative Body of the Church of Christ theâ— could not in reason discover any other Judge but themselves For they saw manifestly in that conjuncture that the Scripture could not be it for so much as the two Parties upholding theâ—â— Opinions by Scripture as it has always happened in all the Conrests which have risen in the Primitive Church the Controversie between them was concerning the true meaning of those passaged which were alledged on both sides Neither these Passages then nor those other which were brought for the explication of these and about which there was as hot a Dispute as about the former could ever end the difference between them because indeed they were the very Subject of the Dispute And consequently they found that there was a necessity of some other Supreme Authority which should give Sentence about the matter in contest and appease those troubles which otherwise must prove endlesse in the same Church This is the very Reason the Synod gives when they cite the Remonstrators to appear Sess 5.16 November Sess 23.7 Decembr Pro certâ ac indubitatâ fidei regulâ adqibiturum and oblige them to submit to their Decrees This is that makes them protest so often and take their solemn Oaths that they will determine things according to the Word of God Which they will make use of as a certain and indubitable Rule in matters of Faith In which proceeding of theirs they shew excellently well that there is a great distinction to be made between him that Judges and the Rule he follows to Judge well by In all the well govern'd Societies of the world there may arise differences yea even such as may by the contesting parties be managed bona fide But for the ending of them it is requisite there be a Court appointed and authorized from the Highest Power to Judge of them and by pronouncing Sentence to give clear notice to the Parties which of them has got the day Behold here â— Judge Behold a Court But this Judge and this Court are not without Lawes and Orders according to which Judgement is to be given Which Laws and Orders are many times the Subject of great Disputes each Party endeavouring to make them appear favourâ—ble to their side which Point is to 〈◊〉 cleared by the Sentence of the Judgâ— Here is the Rule he is to follow It 〈◊〉 not the Law it self the meaning whereof is actually in dispute that is Judge Were it otherwise it were impossible ever to determine any thing For the Law it self cannot explicate nor declare it self for either side but it is He that has received Authority who is to enâ— the strife according to Law the meaning whereof he determines and applyes to the present case The Assembly of Dort knew very well that this was the very state and condition of things in the Church of God which is without doubt the most holy and best ordered Community in the world In this Community notwithstanding there have happened great differences in matters of great importance and where the Contest has also been managed many times with a great deal of good meaning on all sides every one believing they had the Scriptures on their sides Witness S. Hierâ—me and S. Augustine in that difference between St. Peter and St. Paul witness S. Cyprian who was so earnest against the validity of the Baptisme of Hereticks and a thousand others of the same nature It is necessary there be a Judge Synodi mandato morem gerant quo praesentem hanc Synodum pro legitimo causae Judice agnoscere jubentur Sess 25. who has received power and Authority from our Blessed Lord to decide all these differences and that this Judge
have a Rule and a Law which he is to follow in giving Judgement that his Sentence may be just and secure This Rule is the Word of God which rightly applyed renders Judgement highly equitable Now the Synod of Dort acknowledges that an Assembly of lawful Pastors representing the Body of the true Church is this Judge to whom it appertains to judge of the true sence of the Word of God and afterwards to resolve according to this Rule any cause depending 12. I do now earnestly beseech our Brethren of the Reformed Churches to reflect seriously upon these two Propositions I am now about to make The first is That as the Word of God is infallible in it self so certainly the Judgement of him who truely judges according to this Rule is also Infallible and consequently they are obliged to believe that the Church when she Judges according to this Rule or the Word of God does not onely not err but that she also cannot err The second is that they are bound as well as we to believe that the Church of God deciding controversies of Faith does judge according to the true sence of the Word of God because upon the matter it is concerning this very sence that she gives Judgement between the Parties who give it a different sence and who are obligâ— in Conscience to submit to her Judgement under pain of being Schismaticks and Hereticks as their Synod of Dort has positively declared From hence follows by necessary consequence according to their own Principles that they are bound to believe with us that the True Church of Jesus Christ is infallible in the Judgement she judicially pronounces touching matters of Faith 13. I think there can now be no 〈◊〉 but they are obliged according to their own grounds to acknowledge the infallibility of the Church of Christ But I am contented for the present not to press them so far nor to make use of that right which I might justly challange It is sufficient that the Synod which in these Gentlemens opinion represents the True Church is lawful judge in this case as the Synod is self declares obliging them in Confidence to adhere to and obey the Decisions made therein It is not then lawful for them who are of that Church and are at Difference amongst themselves to condeman the Synod of Error then judgement â—s given in order to the clearing Points of Faith confessed among them They have no power to frame a different Judgement from that of the Synod and adhering to it to seporâ—are themselves from communion with the rest They are bound to acknowledge the Authority of the Synod which is lawfull Judge and submit unto it believing that what is there desined 〈◊〉 Truth it self stand this without any necessity of entring upon the question of its Infallibility I demand nothing more for the preseâ—s I will content my 〈◊〉 with what themselves do grant That Church of which the Partins Contesting are members be she fallible or infallible has full Power to Debide differentes and 〈…〉 oblige under the penâ—ry of being Schismaticks And now having as I make my self believe give Monsient Claude all the satisfaction he can in 〈◊〉 require concerning this Point I 〈◊〉 on my course perceably and quietly and make bold to give him notice that 14. Here is that the Prescription that 〈◊〉 Point anâ—â—oisputable Pâ—â—ciple to which a receisary adhfione required when there arise Disputes between Parties for the discovering whether an Opinion be or be not contrary to the true Rule of Faith which is the Word of God and whether we stand bound to believe it as a Point of Faith Were it antecedently distinctly believed as such or no. Disputation will only serve to render the Debate eternal Both Parties will go on challenging the true sence of Scripture and Tradiuon on their sides Books shall be written without number for the asserting of it and that without any hopes or appearance of any end of these learned indeed but redious Contests which prove many times so intricate and confused that every one standing his ground and being strongly and willfully resolved not to yield reproaches his Adversary with affected Obstinacy against known Truth We must then make up to that unquestionable Point in which both Parties meet and which Tertullian so boldly establishes as the principal Rule or Prescription for the ending all differences which may arise about the agreeing or conformity with the Word of God which every one is so ready to challenge to himself This Learned Father having said in his twentieth Chapter A quibus traducem fidei semina doctrinae caeterae deinde Ecclesiae mutuatae sunt quotidie mutuontur ut Ecclesiae fiant Ataque tot ac tantae Ecclesiae una est illa ab Apostolis prima ex qua ommes Quid autem praedicavevint id est quid eis Christus revelaverit hÃc praescriham non alite pâ—obari debere nisi per easdem Ecclesias quas ipsi condiderunt ipsi eis praedicando tam vivâ quâ—d â—iunt voce quà m per epistolas postea de Praes c. 21. that the Apostles who were sent by our Blessed Saviour Founded many Churches in several places and that many others came from these by communication of the same Doctrine and that they all of them together make but one true Catholick and Apostolick Church he adde in the next Chapter that true Prescription is that nothing be received but what he revealed unto his Apostles whom he sent to Preach his Doctrine unto the world But in case there does arise any Contest concerning any particular Point and that we be in some trouble or doubt whether they Preacâ—â—ed it or no and by consequence whether they learned it of their Master or no behold here his solid Rule or Prescription in this great maxime that this is not to be made out or cleared by any other means but by those Churches which they founded either by Preaching or by Writing and which as we lately touched all of them make but one only Church To this Church then it does belong to determine what our Blessed Saviour did reveale in his Holy Word whensoever there is any cause of doubt in such Contests as do arise and what she defines what she declares in the case whatever former times did believe it now to be held as matter of Faith 15. As Protestants do acknowledge this Verity as I have made it appear so do we also most willingly submit unto it and intirely profess that the holy Church is lawful Judge of Controversies and that as Tertullian sayes addresses are to be made to her upon difference of Opinions that we may learn what the Son of God revealed unto his Apostles that is what is the true meaning of Holy Scripture and what Consequences are to be drawn from those Principles We have a very pregnant example of this in that famous Contest which has been for some Ages past between Catholicks concerning the Immaculate Conception
Learnedst Ministers of the Church of Paris said pleasantly enough Mr. Dialle in his Book of the true use of the Fathers that as by force of imagination which modells the sound and determines it to the expression it fancies we make the Bells speak what we list even so in citing and alledging the Fathers we make them say whatever we have a mind they should have said and it is the resolution of drawing them to our side which determines their sayings to a particular pretended sense or meaning I require then of you for the present that you rest upon what was said on this subject by that Minister who was so long and so faithful a Servant to the Party This has so much reason and equity in it that I make my self believe you will never have the heart to refuse it And now in case the Fathers by you cited should not be found to have so positively mentioned the Real Absence as you pretend they have done and we deny you would not be upon much worse terms as to the main business Because according to you the Fathers are not the Râ—le of Faith So likewise if it should happen that those whom we make use of in opposition to you should not have declared themselves so clearly and distinctly for a Real Presence as we suppose they have done and you deny it for the same reason we should not be much inconvenienced by it seeing especially that the true Church in which resides the power when Contests do arise of defining what is of Faith in such manner as we have already mentioned has yet determined nothing in the case nor declared in particular what is the meaning of this or that passage of St. Cyprian St. Cyrill or St. Augustine c Let this then for the present remain undecided and let us proceed as if these Fathers who are the occasion of this dispute had said nothing clearly and distinctly concerning this matteâ—y think there can be nothing more 〈◊〉 and reasonable then this And I can not apprehend that either Monsieâ— Claude or any of his Party will think fit to Dispute this Point with us For if they object Fathers against us it is nor than according to their Principleâ— they pretend they are infalâ—ible and that what is to be believed is to be decided by their Authority but it is to shew us that they can fight us at the same weapon we sometimes make use of against them 4. As to the second thing in Contest to wit Whether there ever was a time in the Church wherein there was but a confused kind of knowledge touching this Mystery without reflexion upon either Real Presence or Real Absence Monsieur Arnaud proves in one whole Book that this could not be And for mine own part I confess unto him that if he had none else to deal with besides my self he should not at all â—eed to give himself any further trouble of arguing the business for I am absolutely of his perswasion Nay I 'll add further should make a scruple in Conscience to refuse my consent to so rational and well-grounded an assertion But by misfortune Monsieur Claude is not of my humour and will not yield the least in a point where he imagins he has some advantage and which he seems resolved to make good to the very last Behold why I am more than half perswaded to ield up something of that right which I might so justly claim and this for peace and quietness sake and that I may not be engaged in a Dispute which I have resolved to decline as much as may be Let us then frankly grant what he demands although we are far enough from agreeing with him upon the matter Let us not contest with him about a Point which we may dispense with without any great difficulty Let him have full scope to fancy to himself such an obscure dark season of confused knowledge Let that invention of his own brain pass for a reality and that Christians actually as he will have it were at that time in a state of ignorance and obscurity I am contented to yield so far for his satisfaction And now by way of one little peaceable digression more 5. I will grant moreoever that this great Mystery has not at all times been examined to the bottom and that men did not employ themselves so much in the discussion of this as of many other Points The Fathers indeed have not written such large Treatises of itâ— as afterwards were written and as themselves have written concerning other Mysteries which they were obliged to maintain against those who opposed them All the Heresies of those dayes which interrupted the peace of the Church were chiefly concerning the most Blessed Trinity concerning the Divinity and Incarnation the Word Eternal They were at peace and quiet concerning the most Holy Eucharist It was not at all questioned by the Hereticks of those dayes The hour for that was not yet come Here you have the reason why the Holy Fathers insisted chiefly upon the defence of such Mysteries as were then questioned or opposed It was upon those occasions they compiled those great Works of theirs with so much exactness explaining and clearing many particular Points which were not much looked upon before those Contests were raised in the Church upon different occasions Without question there can be no great difficulty to agree that the same has happened in the subject of the Holy Eucharist That there was a time when men did not set themselves to Write purposely of the depth of the great Mystery as they did of some others about which mens wits were at work by occasion of some Propositions which had caused some disturbance There has been another time when men did upon design fall a writing more at large for the explicating not only the nature of this Sacrament but also of the Mysteries contained therein It is most certain that about the beginning of the ninth Age Anno 818. Bell. Sermon Defence of the Perpet l. 8. c. 10. pag. 840. Pascasius Radberâ—â— writ a Treatise of this nature in the Book he made concerning the Body and Blood of our Saviour Whether he were the first or no that treated of this subject in that manner discussing the particulars more-minutely with method and at large uniting together all the parts belonging to this glorioâ— Mystery Whether there were at the beginning many adversaries who shewed themselves in opposition to his Doctrine Pag. 227. Pag. 629. l. 8. c. 8. as is pretended by Mr. Claudâ— or very few and those who durst not publickly shew themselves as Monsieur Aenand evidences very learnedly and clearly concerns me not at all It is sufficient for me that it is most true as both agree that that Book in fine Ibid. was cause of some trouble and as is said of it in the Defence of the Perpetuity had this effect in some Pag. 813. that having given them occasion to look more
particularly into the Difficulties of this Holy Sacrament they were struck at them and did accordingly seek to lessen the weight of this Mystery by humane wayes and Philosophical explications and to qualify them with certain solutions which drew near to those of the Calvinists Moreover whether Ioannes Scotus and Bertramus be two several Authors or but one and the same Whether he or they did directly oppose the Doctrine of Poscâ—sius or whether they onely gave him a hit indirectly by teaching a Doctrine contrary to his in the ninth Age Whether his or their Schollers did or did not follow the blow in the tenth Age Whether their Disputes grew cold or hot at the beginning of the eleventh Age And whether Leutherilus Arch-Bishop of Sens did or did not engage in the quarrel for a Real Absence all which is matter of Contest between Monsieur Arnaud and Monsient Claude it is enough for me that after opposition was made against the Doctrine of Pascasius at such time as his Book was come to be publick and common there were occasioned again very frequent and most earnest Disputes concerning the same Subject during the life of Berengarius and after his death For although we should grant unto Mr. Claude what we may with reason enough refuse him we shall still find ways enough to come handsomly and quietly off and we find our selves still in that very posture condition where we should just be for the ending this difference without violating that peace we endeavour to preserve For in fine Monsieur Claude will have it that people had for some time only a coufused kind of knowledge without positively believing or rejecting a Real Presence or Real Absence That Pascasius was the first who took upon him to propose distinctly the Doctrine of Real Presence by way of addition explication and confirmation of the Mystery that notwithstanding the opposition which was made this Doctrine insensibly got the upper hand by the care which his disciples took for the spreading of it abroad and establishing it in the world He is obliged also to acknowledge that in the time of Berergarius those who stood for a Real Absence taking courage from the number of their Partisans renewed the Contest with a great deal of heat and earnestness even to the making a great noise in the Church which continued many years after the decease of Berengarius The Controversie was concerning Scripture and the meaning of those Places which were alledged on both sides out of the Holy Fathers Every one pretended to have them on their sides and boasted of Antiquity which they would needs have to stand for them Each Party maintained that their Opinion had the true marks thereof and that such had been the Belief of former Ages Behold here the very state of affairs between the Arminians and the Gomarists before the National Synod Here are just the circumstances in which as we have seen the Church had power to make use of her legal Right in deciding and proposing Points of Faith and obliging the Faithful to a belief of them even although they were not clearly and distinctly known for suczh before the raising of the Contest And consequently laying all other Disputes aside for the present I think we have now outhing else to do but to see whether the Church did in those dayes define any thing concerning this matter that we may stick to this as to the setled and resolv'd of Point which 〈◊〉 never to be forsaken And this is what remains to be done in this last undertaking 6. It is not my intention here to â—â—course the matter concerning the maâ—â— and qualities of the True Church This is already done to my hand by the Learned Cardinal Bellarmin and Câ—dinal Richelieu with exceeding great strength of wit and clearness of reasâ— in those great Works of theirs in which they have also apprepriated them to the Church of Rome Should I take 〈◊〉 road I know I should be stopped more than once by those Gentlemen who will not at all allow of what they 〈◊〉 of this kind in those Works although those Great men say nothing upon this subject as I must needs think but what they prove most evidently and convincingly But since it does not please these Gentlemen to think so and I for my part profess not to intermeddle in this small Treatise with things of that nature and to reliuquish some part of my right rather than come to Dispute it I am willing to take another more peaceable way and propose nothing as yet which themselves are not â—â—liged to grant me if they be not reâ—â—ved to condemn their own proceedings I have therefore only this little short Discourse to make by way of cerâ—in Corollaries which follow out of what seems already agreed upon First When we are of a Community or Church which is presupposed to be the True one we are bound to acknowledge that an Assembly of the Passors of that Church which is made by publick Authority according to Rule and Custome does represent the said Church Secondly That that Church of which the first Contestors were Members before one Party separated themselves upon their condemnation was the true Church because she was the onely Church before separation made It cannot then be questioned both Patties must of necessity be agreed upon it but that she being the onely Church owned by both Parties was also without all doubt at that time even in their own opinions the True Church and the Spouse of Christ Thirdly That it belongs to this Assembly representing this Church to determine all Differences and Contests which may arise in any matter of Religion whatsoever Fourthly That particular persons who argue pro or con concerning the Point in Contest of what quality soever they be and those who take part with one or other side for the upholding either are the Parties Contesting and as such and under that notion cannot represent the Church which is Judge in the case Fifthly That they as all others are bound to submit to the Decisions of the said Assemblies Sixthly That if they refuse obedience and separate themselves from her framing another independent Body and Community by themselves they are declared rebells and Schismaticks And finally That those who adhere unto them whether presently or a long time after are guilty of the same crime I think there is nothing more evident and certain than what I have now proposed Otherwise the Church which Jesus Christ who is the God of Order has established with so much Wisdom He who is Wisdom it self would prove a meer Babylon and a fearfull Confusion of all things where there never were any distinction to be made between good and bad true and false since it would be in the power of every one with the assistance of a Party to make himself at his pleasure Judge and Church and any thing for the making that pass for Truth which was rejected as a notorious falshood 7. In Civil
Communities there are alwayes Courts of Justice which have received full Authority to Judge of Causes and Actions between particular persons When there happens a Sure at Law between two be they of what quality and condition they will even members of the Court it self they are no other than Parties Contesting Plaintiff and Defendant They must also have their Solicitors their Attournies and their Counsil to Plead for them but it is the Judge's business to give Sentence And when Sentence is once given if he who was cast should slight the Decree of the Court and be so bold as to say that he owns it not as legal nor the Court as lawful Judges and that it is He and his Solicitors and Council and those who are his Abettors who constitute a true Court and Seat of Justice I think he would be taken for no better than a Rebel and as Out-law or one that were not in his right wits And those who an hundred years after should dare to say that he had reason to do as he did would be thought to have as little judgement and reason as he Now can it be imagined that God would permit such an irregularity such a fearful disorder in the Government of his Church He has been pleased to give Power and Authority to an Assembly of Pastors who are the Representative of his Church to end all Contests in matters of Faith in such manner as we have already seen It is one this or that may be held or denyed before Judgement given as any one with his Party may think fit But when the Decree is once passed and it comes to be defined by this Church or Representative of the Church what is to be believed concerning the Point controverted he who has lost the cause be he who he will having antecedently to such definition owned that Church to be the True one must not nor cannot now say that it is not the Assembly but that it is he himsef his followers and Disciples who do represent and in reality constitute the True Church He who uses this language and those who take part with him in and at what time soever it does happen can be held for no other than true Schismaticks 8. This is clearly to be seen in the Acts of the Apostles and in the Ecclesiastical History and Protestants themselves will without difficulty grant it as they have already acknowledged it and solemnly professed it in the Synod of Dort The Primitive Church was made up of Jews and Gentile who had received the Holy Gospel It happened as it is recounted in the 15. of the Acts that some of those who had been converted from Judaisme coming to Antioch taught this Doctrine That if those who were of Gentils become Christians were not Circumcised according to the Custome of Moses his Law they could not be saved There fell to be a great Contest and a great disturbance in the Church about the matter St. Paul and St. Barnaby strongly opposing that Opinion and others maintaining it with a great deal of earnestness For the composing the business it was thought fit to send these two Saints and some of those of the contrary perswasion to the Apostles and Priests at Hierusalem to propose unto them the difficulty They failed not in the performance of their charge S. Paul and S. Barnabas relating unto them the favours which it had pleased God to shew to the Gentils by help of their Ministery without the assistance of the Law of Moses and those others especially some of the Pharisees who had been Convertedo urging very hotly Surrexerunt quidam de heresi Pharisaeorum qui crediderunt dicentes quia oportet circuncidi eos c. that it was necessary to oblige them to be Circumcised and to observe the Law of Moses in its full 〈◊〉 Upon this the Apostles assembled a Council at which all those of chiefest note were summoned to be present for the serious examination of the business And having weighed the Reasons on both sides at a large Conference Convenerunt Apostoli Seniores c. Cum autem magna conquisitio fieret c. and St. Peter having first declared himself upon the Point and being seconded by St. Iames with the general consent of the Holy Assembly there passed a Decree which was received by the whole Church in which was defined and declared with the assistance of the Holy Ghost who inspired them for the understanding Scripture that Circumcision was not at all necessary for salvation Visum est Spiritui sancto nobis c. as it had formerly been during the Law of Moses which was now to give place to the Law of Jesus Christ The business being thus concluded this Doctrine became a Point of Faith and those of the Pharisees who remained still obstinate in their opinion and those others who took part with them still pressing for a conformity with the Jews were now indeed true Pharisees in Christianity that is to say people cut of from the True Church however they pretended that she was onely in them and their Party 9. The same may be said of other Councils which have been afterwards held according to the example of that one which is the Model of all the rest Before the Heresie of Arius there was no speech of Consubstantiation That wicked Priest having dared to teach that The Blessed Word though Son of God was not of the same substance with the Father but onely like unto him found many passionate followers of his doctrine even among the Bishops who grounded themselves upon some passages of Holy Writ About which there arose a most desperate Dispute in the Church which caused a general disturbance to the peace thereof For the setling whereof and reaniting mens Spirits in one and the same Doctrine the great Council of Nice was called which did define that The Word was Consubstantial with the Father which was also inserted in the Symbol or Creed When this was done notwithstanding that many Bishops even of those who had assisted at the Council remained still of the Opinion of Arius and had made a strong and numerous Party who stiled themselves the True Church and called Councils amongst themselves they are still held and Protestants generally do even at this day hold them for Hereticks and all those who after so many Ages have followed that Sect are treated with the same stile by them The same is to be said of the Macedonians of the Nestorians Syn. Const Syn. Ephes Sy. Chalced. VI. Synod of the Eutychians of the Monothelites and the like who stand condemned in other Councils For although after their condemnations they protested that they were the True Church slighting the Councils which had Condemned their Opinions yet have they alwayes been accounted Hereticks and are so at this time by Protestants themselves And now if after they had rejected and condemned the Articles of the Arminians in their Synod of Dort those condemned persons should
persevered in repentance untill his death which happened ten years after upon the Feast of the Epiphany of our Lord when as is related by William of Malmsbury he said On this day it is that we Celebrate the Feast of the Apparition of our blessed Saviour and on this day it is that h◠will appear to me either to receive me into his glory as I have some hopes he will in regard of that Pennance I have done or which I have too much reason to fear to punish me for having seduced so many poor souls The truth is he left many disciples after him who proved more obstinate in Error than himself had been and who from time to time had the luck to make such Proselites as our Protestants perchance would make some difficulty to admit into their Communion For this cause six years after his decease his Error was condemned afresh in the Council of Plaisance where they were forced to meet in the open fields by reason of the prodigious multitude of Prelates and Divines who came thither from Italy France Germany and other parts of Europe even from the Empire of Constantinople with the Embassadors of Alexis who there demanded succour against the Infidels The Historian who was contemporary with this Council Berthol Constantiens and gives us an Abridgement of it having been himself there present in the company of nigh four thousand Ecclesiastical persons and above thirty thousand of the Laity who were as Spectators of it has these very words Moreover the Heresy of Berengarius which long ago had been anathematis'd was here again Condemned and the contrary Catholick Doctrine confirmed to wit that the Bread and Wine when they are Consecrated at the Altar are truely and essentially not figuratively onely changed into the Body and Blood of o◠Lord. After this Item haeresis Berengariana jam ab antiquo saepissimè anathematifata iterum damnata est sententia Catholicae Fides contra candem firmata videlicet quod panis vinum cum in Altari consecrantur non solùm figuratè sed verè essentialiter in Corpus Sanguinem Domini convertuntur 1215. some time passed in the Church without hearing any more of this business But the Albigenses undertaking it again about the twelfth Age the fourth Council of Lateran renewed the condemnation of it about the beginning of the thirteenth There was also to be seen one of the goodliest and most numerous Assamblies of the Clergy that ever had been known For it consisted of four hundred and twelve Bishops Greek and Latin of above eight hundred other Prelates and Doctors from all parts of the Christian world with the Embassadors of both the Emperours and of all the Kings There was solemnly confirmed the Doctrine of the Real Presence and the substantial change made in the Holy Eucharist And as in the great Council of Nice they made use of the word Consubstantiality for expressing what the Word of God teaches concerning the Divinity of the word Eternal So in that of Lateran they applyed the word Transubstantiation for the expressing that admirable change which the Church Transubstantiatis pane vino in Corpus c. t. 4. Conc. Extrav de sum Trin. 〈◊〉 firmiter by a necessary sequel has deduced out of the words of Christ himself 11. Our Brethren of the Reformed Church will here peradventure tell me that they do by no means acknowledge the Church of Rome to be the True Church as Berengarius did and that they have no intention to follow him in obeying her Decrees as that Arch-deacon did I did foresee well enough that this might be objected by them to give me occasion to fall into Dispute But this snare is easily avoided by telling them that this is not our business for the present It is not now our question whether the Church of Rome have yet at this day all the Marks of the True Church whether she be the Holy City of God or become a Babylon being fallen into an horrid confusion and corruption of Doctrine They may if they please find wherewithal to satisfie themselves in this Point in those Doctors who have treated of Controversies and particularly in that great Work of the great Cardinal Richelieu who has scarce omitted any thing which might be said upon this Subject And consequently I think it were not hard by very good reasons and motives to shew these Gentlemen that they have done themselves no great right in separating themselves from her But this being a Point which may afford matter of Dispute for all such as are in the humour to quarrel with any thing which is not according their fancy I have taken special care to avoid it and to say nothing of the Church of Rome We speak here onely of that Church of which those who first began the debate were members before she had determined any thing on either side Whether this Church were the Church of Rome of not the Church of Rome concerns us not at all so we be agreed in this that it was the True Church at that time I have need of no more I will have nothing at present but what Monsieur Claude pleases to afford me I will enter with him upon the ninth Age when the True Church after her good dayes which lasted eight hundred years found her self I know not how in a confusion of knowledge After which some there were who montioned a Real Presence others opposed it still remaining joyntly together in the same Church before they separated by a refusal of obedience to her Decrees Hereupon the Dispute growing hotter and hotter the Church gives Sentence That Church I mean whereof the two Parties contesting are members which Church is the True one because the onely one before separation made for the constituting another Church apart and which Church also has full power to end all Differences so as to oblige to a submission to her Decrees Behold here what is precisely required for the concluding all I pretend to which I shall now endeavour to make out 12. Let us then now come to reunite all the parts of this Discourse that we may make it up with the consent and agreement of Monsieur Claude Behold here people who are of the same Church with us which Church even according to himself is the true Church there being but one in the world for them and us too at such time as all according to him were yet in that confusion of knowledge Some as he tells us think good to propose a Real Presence Others oppose it and stand for an Absence Here you have the Parties contesting When the Dispute grows hot and makes too much noise a general Council is held which represents this Church and which upon the emergency of concestors as we are agreed has power to determine what is to be believed as matter of Faith even although there was a general ignorance of it before When the Decree is passed those who are cast and
prove so very intelligible even to the Learneder sort of men There is notwithstanding this difference that as no one of those Fathers in particular is the Rule of her belief so does she not so abselutely determin by her Decrees what is the meaning of such or such a passage of theirs leaving it many times to our discussion as she does that of holy Scripture which she permits not to be call'd in question 4. And from hence we draw a third Conclusion that when in any Province or Kingdome a difficulty does arise in matter of Religion it is very uneffectual and preposto us to undertake to compose it by way of Disputation or Conference Experience has often shewed that such proceedings serve onely to increase the Division and render it endless provoking high spirits and putting them upon a pike of Honour which permits them not to be much moved with any reasons of an Adversary We must come quickly to that fixed and setled Point I mean the Soveraign undeclinable Judgement of the Church in which there are two several times or seasons which are of necessity to be distinguished that which goes before and that which followes after In the first of these writing on both sides so it be without bitterness with a good intent and design to make Truth appear is very lawful And then the Reasons alledged in such Writings the Fathers who happen to be cited pro and con do make as it were Plaintiff and Defendant Counsil and Plea in the Court They are the Bills and Answers The Replyes and Reparties are the difficulties proposed on both sides But what the Church definitively pronounces having taken cognisance of and examined things according to the Rules and proceedings of the Court this becomes a Decree this is Truth this is the fixed Point we must stick to and rely upon whether the Fathers cited did distinctly believe it or no. In the second of these times or seasons in case those whose doctrine stands condemned will not acquiesce and submit to Judgement Princes and Magistrates who are as Protectors of the Canons and Definitions of the Church have a duty incumbent upon them to procure and exact that obedience which is due and to endeavour the quieting and reducing such turbulent spirits by such means as they shall judge most efficacious And in the mean time it shall be lawful for the Learned to Write more vigourously against them and to bring Scripture and Fathers as has been practised by many knowing Controvertists not by way of discussing a matter which is yet within the bounds of incertitude but to make the weakness of Falsity appear and to shew the force of Truth and the conformity of the Judgement of the Church with the Doctrine of Antiquity For all other Persons it is much more to their purpose not to meddle with not hearken to any thing of this kind but to satisfie themselves saying This the Church has desined this I ascept this I will stick close unto In my opinion this is all which ought to be proposed to the Faithful without making them Judges of Controversies is Faith and without giving them occasion to enter into Dispute concerning this place of Scripture and that of Holy Fathers which for the most part are things beyond their reach and capacity Si quid tibi videtur vel ambiguitate pendere vel obscuritate obumbrari Tertull. de praesc c. 14. Curiosity does frequently come in for a part and that serves only to beget troubles and perplexities when they are not able to penetrate to the secret meaning or boâ—tom oâ— such passages or to raise a pâ—esumption in them when they imagin they comprehend the matter and so come to fancy themselves no mean persons searching curiously into every thing with a great deal of hazard and danger to light at length upon something that may give them a check and make them begin to waver for want of understanding Ignorare melius est ne quod non debeas noris Ibid. together with an excess of rashness and boldness It is much better sayes Tertullian to be ignorant in that kind lest by some gross mistake or ill-understanding you come at length unfortunately to know what you had better been ignorant of Fides tua inquit te salvum fecit non exercitatio Scripturarum Fides in regulâ posita est exercitatio autem in curiositate consistit habens gloriam solam de peritiae studio Cedat curiositas Fidei cedat gloria saluti 'T is Faith a Christian is to be saved by not by discussing Texts of Scripture and passages of Holy Fathers For the having faith it suffices to stick to The Rule learning the true sence of Scripture from the Doctrine of the Church But the Spirit of arguing and disculling which I here point at comes very ordinarily from an excesse of curiosity and is onely subservient to vanity for the gaining a little glory by making a vain ostentation of the knowledge one has got by his own industry and study 'T is but reason that Curiosity should give place to Faith and and vain-glory to serious thoughts and care of our Salvation To this end it is necessary we stick close to that Rule to that setled Principle which is the true Science of a Christian I mean we ought to learn of the Church what the Word of God teaches us and what is the meaning thereof Non obstrepant adversus regulam nihil ultra scire omnia scire est Let no mâ—â— oppose this rare Maxime To know nothing more then this is in reality to know all things 5. From what has been now said we may yet draw a fourth Sequel That this general Rule and universal Prindple received and allowed of by all 〈◊〉 such manner as it has been propounded may and ought to be applyed to every particular Point controverted that we may come to have a ready and certain solution thereof For those who first opposed the Doctrine we now make profession of in any Article debated either were at that time of the fame Church with those whom they opposed which Church they owned for the True Church there being as yet no separation made or they were already dismissed from her If they were of the same it is but seeing what that Church by her Representative has declated concerning the matter in debate For we are agred that they were obliged to submit to her Judgement so far as that in case of contempt it could not be lawful to take part with them without falling after their example into open and direct Schism But if they were already divorced from her upon any other ground or for any other precedent cause it is evident from the same reason that they were upon the whole matter already true Schismaticks because either they themselves or their Predecessors having formerly been of that Church they ought not after legal Sentence given to have made a Separation and consequently that it is not lawful
made appear why those other subsequent Councils which had the same Promise of special assistance from him who was and is able to make his Word good may not be supposed to have proceeded according to the same Rule of those former defining and declaring according to the express and plain words of the Canonical Scriptures and who it is by the express and plain words of the said Canonical Scriptures who has received Commission to Judge of the Case But lastly which is chiefly to my present purpose does not here an High Court of Parliament the Legislative obliging Power of the Nation with the assent of the Clergy in their Convocation assert and assume unto themselves as absolute an Authority of Determining matters of Faith and declaring Heresies c. as was ever yet challenged by any Body-Politick or Ecclesiastical Many other proceedings of Parliaments Canons and Constitutions of Synocts might be alledged were not the matter of fact so obvious and well known to every one that it acquits me of that labour And now if all this to a common English mans understanding does not speak a claim of an Authority obliging all to submission and conformity I think we are very much to seek for expressions And certainly supposing what was supposed there could be nothing more rational or conformable to those first Councils we all so much receive as also to the manifest letter of or evident deductions from Holy Writ it self Mat. 1â— 17 If he shall not hear the Church let him be accounted as a Heathen or Publican And why Because it is in Christianity to be supposed that there is a Church and that this Church the true Spouse of Jesus Christ is the Pillar and Foundation of Truth 1 Tim. 3.15 This then being granted and I think he must be very bold who dares reject the Authority of so many eminent Persons or contemn their publick proceedings I perswade my self I need not be very solicitous for Instances drawn from the Council of Dort Certainly we have as special and as remarkable ones neerer home for the making good an Agreement upon this great Maxithe That there is in the Church of Christ wherever that is a Soveraign Authority obliging Christians in matters of Faith to submission and conformity The Consequence has been the chief endeavour of this small Tract And I hope it will be seriously reflected upon how necessarily not to say unavoidably the Premises usher it in But because I see there are some for what reasons and foreseen consequences I will not passe my conjecture who have endeavoured to find out new Glosses not onely for the Scriptures but also for Acts and Statutes of Parliaments Canons and Constitutions of Councils even with seeming violence to the Lawes of the Nation and the Decrees of their own Mother-Church telling us that nothing is meant or intended by the said Acts and Decrees c. but onely an obligation to exteriour Conformity and Non contradiction I will still adhere to my Authours peceable Method hoping they will take me for one who desires to deal civilly If I require no more at present for the making good what this Author pretends to For I am very much inclined to believe that this kind of Conformity or Non contradiction supposed obligatory and practised in due time and place when differences first appeared would have left a much more easie way for composing and reducing unsetled and unquiet spirits and would have brought them by little and little into so pleasant a path as would have led them in a short time into the high way of happy peace and union For were the liberty of that voluble member Jac. 3.8 that Inquietum malum of the tongue so apt either out of vanity or presumption to break out into expressions of our interiour sentiments effectually restreyned it were much to be hoped those troubled and troublesome fancies which insect the understanding would by little and little sink or fall down so as to leave it to its natural clearness fitted of it self to receive better impressions either from Reason or just Authority Not that I think any rational man unless much put to his shifts can in earnest maintain this Negative kind of compliance to be sufficient for attaining the end pretended to which I suppose is an exteriour at least Conformity or Uniformity for the avoiding division and confusion For never was it yet heard of nor can it possibly be expected that the Index or Hand of a Watch or Clock should shew the right hour for any considerable time much less constantly unless the inward work or wheels be in good order Would to God there were not so sad experience of this practically certain Truth Those Divisions Sub-divisions and Subsub-divisions breaking into visible Confusions which certainly cannot be imagined the lawful Issue of true Christian Principles do to the eye demonstrate that there is something wanting that this is not the way intended by him who came to bring Peace to the World and who promised his constant Presence for the maintaining of it to the worlds end not by a visible appearance but invisible assistance of that Church which he commands all to hearken unto and obey under so severe a penalty as being accounted upon default Heathens and Publicans To conclude let me be so bold as to desire these Gentlemen who go so far at least as to think this Exteriour Conformity or Non-contradiction obliging and necessary to take the pains to reflect soberly whether this which they do and must grant does not oblige them to make one step further and upon the same grounds either of authority whether Humane or Divine or principles of reason or for the necessary avoiding experienced inconveniences to allow an obedience and assent of an higher nature The Authorities of Scriptures and Fathers are alledged as plausibly for it The reasons taken either from the experienced insufficiency of the one Cause or the just and exact proportion of the other to the so much desired effect of peace and unity are demonstrable As the inconveniences and continual disturbances of the one Part are but too too visible so the setled quiet and comfort of Spirit which the other constantly enjoyes are experimentally best known to those who upon the first appearance of difficulties and debates flye to the bosome and rely upon the Judgement and Determination of the Church owned by all who call themselves Christians to have some degree of Power and Authority and the extent thereof not to be regulated or confined she being the Soveraign and Supreme Court of this nature but by her own declaration onely Demonstrably not to be judged or regulated in case of debate by particular Parties who for the avoiding otherwise unavoidable confusion are themselves by her to be regulated and judged Now which Church this must needs be is not hard to discover out of the foregoing Discourse wherein Differences and Debates are brought to their first rise when the Parties dissenting were both ownedly members and subjects of the same Church and which Church by legal Consequence was their lawful Judge as being then the onely and by a necessary Sequel the True Church and that firm Rock against which the Promise of God himself is upon Record that the Gates of Hell should never prevail FINIS ERRATA PAge â— Line 15 read Defeats p. 8 in the margin r. inferri p. 13 l. 16 for ther r. three p. 33 l 7 in the marg add sed p. 35 l. 12 dele which p. 50 l. 8 r to the Word p. 70 l. 27 in the marg r â—liter p. 7 l. 28 r sin p. 89 l. 10 r of the Word p. 91 l 27 r Eeuthericus p. 103 l. 1 r into p. 06 l. 9 r Representative p. 114 l. 11 r to their fancy p. 116 l. 11 r Contests p. 121 l. 7 for by-wayes r by wayes 122 l. 23 r clucidation p. 124 3 for decision r devision Ibid. l. 7 for accordingly r avowedly p. 125 l. 3 for Sentences r Sentiments p. 128 l. 23 r Licinensis p. 1â—0 l. 18 r preposterous p. 144 l. 2 for when r which