interest in his present condition and circumstances And as this being once admitted will give the minds of men an Indifferency as unto the several Religions that are in the world so it will quickly produce in them a Contempt of them all And from an entertainment of or an indifferency of mind about these and the like noysome opinions it is come to pass that the Gospel after a continued Triumph for sixteen hundred years over Hell and the world doth at this day in the midst of Christendome hardly with multitudes maintain the reputation of its truth and Divinity and is by many living in a kind of outward conformity unto the Institutes of Christian Religion despised laughed to scorn But the proud and foolish Atheistical Opiniators of our dayes whose sole design is to fortifie themselves by the darkness of their minds against the charges of their own consciences upon their wicked and debauched conversations do but expose themselves to the scorn of all sober and rational Persons For what are a few obscure and for the most part vitious Renegadoes in comparison of those great wise numerous and sober persons whom the Gospel in its first setting forth in the world by the evidence of its truth and the efficacy of its Power subdued and conquered Are they as learned as the renowned Philosophers of those dayes who advantaged by the endeavours and fruits of all the great Wits of former Ages had advanced solid rational Literature to the greatest height that ever it attained in this world or possibly ever will do so the minds of men having now somthing more excellent and noble to entertain themselves-withall Are they to be equalled in wisdome and experience with those glorious Emperors Senators and Princes who then swayed the Scepters and affairs of the world Can they produce any thing to oppose unto the Gospel that is likely to influence the minds of men in any degree comparably to the Religion of these great learned wise and mighty Personages which having received by their Fathers from dayes immemorial was visibly attended with all Earthly Gloryes and Prosperities which were accounted as the reward of their due observance of it And yet whereas there was a Conspiracy of all those persons and this influenced by the craft of infernal Powers and managed with all that wisdome subtlety power and cruelty that the nature of man is capable to exercise on purpose to oppose the Gospel and keep it from taking Root in the world yet by the glorious evidence of its divine extract and original wherewith it is accompanied by the efficacy and power which God gave the Doctrine of it in and over the minds of men all mannaged by the spiritual weapons of its Preachers which were mighty through God to the pulling down of those strong holds casting down imaginations and every high thing that exalted it self against the knowledge of God it prevailed against them all and subdued the world unto an acknowledgment of its truth with the divine power and authority of its Author Certainly there is nothing more contemptible than that the Indulgence of some inconsiderable Persons unto their lusts and vices who are void of all those excellencies in notion and practise which have already been triumphed over by the Gospel when set up in competition with it or opposition unto it should be once imagined to bring it into question or to cast any disreputation upon it But to treat of these things is not our present design we have only mentioned them occasionally in the account which it was necessary we should give concerning our Love to all men in general with the grounds we proceed upon in the exercise of it CHAP. III. Nature of the Catholick Church The first and principal Object of Christian Love Differences among the Members of this Church of what nature and how to be managed Of the Church Catholick as visibly professing The extent of it or who belongs unto it Of Vnion and Love in this Church-state of the Church of England with respect hereunto Of particular Churches Their institution Corruption of that Institution Of Churches Diocesan c. Of separation from corrupt particular Churches The just Causes thereof c. IN the second sort of Mankind before mentioned consists the visible Kingdome of Christ in this woâ—ld This being grounded in his Death and Resurrection and conspicuously settled by his sending of the Holy Ghost after his Ascension he hath ever since preserved in the world against all the contrivances of Satan or oppositions of the Gates of Hell and will do so unto the consummation of all things For he â—â—â—st reign until all his enemies are made his Footsâ—ool Towards these on all accounts our Love ought to be intense and fervent as that which is the immediate Bond of our Relation unto them and Union with them And this Kingdome or Church of Christ on the earth may be and is generally by all considered under a threefold notion 1. First as therein and among the Members of it is comprized that real living and spiritual body of his which is firstly peculiarly and properly the Catholick Church militant in this world These are his Elect Redeemed justified and sanctified ones who are savingly united unto their Head by the same quickning and sanctifying Spirit dwelling in him in all fulness and communicated unto them by him aâ—cording to his Promise This is that Catholick Church which we profess to believe which being hid from the eyes of men and absolutely invisible in its Mystical Form or spiritual saving Relation unto the Lord Christ and its Unity with him is yet more or less alwayes visible by that Profession of Faith in him and obedience unto him which it maketh in the world and is alwayes obliged so to do For With the Heart man believeth unto Righteousness and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation And this Church we believe to be so disposed over the whole world that where-ever there are any Societies or Numbers of men who ordinarily profess the Gospel and subjection to the Kingly Rule of Christ thereby with an hope of eternal blessedness by his Mediation we no way doubt but that there are among them some who really belong thereunto In and by them doth the Lord Christ continually fulfil and accomplish the Promise of his Presence by his Spirit with them that believe in his name who are thereby Interested in all the Priviledges of the Gospel and Authorized unto the Administration and Participation of all the Holy Ordinances thereof And were it not that we ought not to boast our selves against others Especially such as have not had the Spiritual Advantages that the Inhabitants of these Nations have been intrusted withal and who have been exposed unto more violent Temptations than they we should not fear to say that among those of all sorts who in these Nations hold the Head there is probably according unto a Judgment to be made by the fruits of that
when upon lesser Differences men judge Churches to be no true Churches and their Ministers to be no true Ministers and consequently all their Administrations to be invalid So do some judge of Churches because they have 〈◊〉 Bishops and so do more of others because they have none But the Validity or Invalidity of the Ordinances of Christ which are the Means of Union and Communion with him unto all his Disciples depend not on the determination of things highly disputable in their Notion and not inconsistent with true Gospel-Obedience in their Practice And we are unduly charged with other Apprehensions God forbid that any such thought should ever enter into our heorts as though the Churches constituted in all things according unto our Light and the Rules we apprehend appointed in the Scripture for that purpose should be the only true Churches in the world They do but out of design endeavour to expose us to popular envy and hatred who invent and publish such things concerning us or any of us But whatever be the Judgment of others concerning us we intend not to take from thence any such provocation as might corrupt our Judgments concerning them nor to relieve our selves by returning the like censures unto them as we receive from them Scripture Rule and Duty must in these matters regulate our thoughts on all occasions And whilst we judge others to be true Churches we shall not be much moved with their judgment that we are none because we differ from them We stand to the judgment of Christ and his Word We cannot but judge indeed that many Churches have missed and do miss in some things the precise Rules of their due constitution and walking that many of them have added useless superfluous Rites to the Worship of God among them that there is in many of them a sinful neglect of Evangelical Discipline or a carnal Rule erected in the stead of it that Errors in Doctrines of importance and danger are prevalent in sundry of them that their Rulers are much influenced by a spirit of bitterness and envy against such as plead for Reformation beyond their measure or interest yet that hereupon they should all or any of them immediately forfeit their Church-State so as to have no lawful Ministers nor acceptable sacred Administrations is in it self a false Imagination and such as was never by us entertained In particular as to those Churches in Europe which are commonly called Reformed we have the same thoughts of them the same Love towards them the same readiness for communion with them as we would desire any Disciples of Christ in the world to have bear or exercise towards our selves If we are found negligent in any Office of Love towards them or any of their Members in compassion help or assistance or such supplies in outward or inward things as we have opportunity or ability for we are willing to bear the guilt of it as our Sin and the reproach of it as our shame And herein we desire to fulfil the Royal Law according to the Scripture thou shalt love thy Neighbour as thy self The same we say concerning all the Churches in England of the same mould and constitution with them especially if it be true which some say that Parochial Churches are under a force and power whereby they are enjoyned the practice of sundry things and forbidden the performance of others wherein the compliance of some is not over-voluntary nor pleasing to themselves Neither is there a Nullity or Invalidity in the Ordinances administred in them any otherwise than as some render them ineffectual unto themselves by their unbelief And this is the Paganizing of England which some of us are traduced for We believe that among the visible professors in this Nation there is as great a number of sincere Believers as in any Nation under Heaven so that in it are treasured up a considerable portion of the invisible Mystical Church of Christ. We believe that the Generality of the Inhabitants of this Nation are by their Profession constituted an eminent part of the Kingdome of Christ in this world And we judge not we condemn not those who walking according to their Light and Understanding in Particularities do practise such things in the Worship of God as we cannot comply withal For we do not think that the things wherein they fail wherein they miss or out go the Rule are in their own nature absolutely destructive of their particular Church-state And what more can reasonably be required of us or expected from us in this matter we know not The causes of the Distance that doth remain between us them shall be afterwards enquired into For our Duty in particular presential communion at the celebration of the same individual Ordinances with such Churches as are remote from us in Asia or Africa we shall we hope be directed to determine aright concerning it when we are called thereunto In the mean time what are our Thoughts concerning them hath been before declared To love them as Subjects of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ in the world to pray for them that they may have all needful supplies of Grace and the Holy Spirit from above that God would send out his Light and Truth to guide them in their Worship and Obedience and to help them in things spiritual and temporal as we have opportunity is the Sum of the Duty which is required in us towards them Those we are more concerned in who are within the Lines of our ordinary Communication among whom we walk and converse in the world Unto any of these it is in the Liberty and power of every Believer to join himself by his own consent And no more is required hereunto in the present constitution of Churches among our selves but that a man remove his habitation to comply with his own desires herein And this choice is to be regulated by a judgment how a man may best improve and promote his own Edification We see not therefore how any man with the least pretence of Sobriety or Modesty can charge us with the want of an esteem and valuation of Evangelical Vnity For we embrace it on all the Grounds that it is in the Gospel recommended unto us And we do know within what narrow bounds the Charity and Vnity of some are confined who yet advantage themselves by a noise of their pretence But that we do not in the least disturb break or dissent from the Catholick Church either as it is invisible in its internal form by Faith and the Renovation of the Holy Ghost or as visibly professing necessary Fundamental Truths of the Gospel we have sufficiently evinced And the Principles laid down concerning particular Churches Congregations Assemblies or Parishes have not as yet been detected by any to spring from want of Love or to be obstructive of the exercise of it Having therefore thus briefly given some account of what we conceive to be our duty in relation unto the whole Church of
Spirit which is savingly communicated unto the Church in this sense alone a greater number of Persons belonging thereunto than in any One Nation or Church under Heaven The charge therefore of some against us that we Paganize the Nation by reason of some different Apprehensions from others concerning the regular Constitution of particular Churches for the Celebration of Gospel Worship is wondrous vain and ungrounded But we know that men use such severe Expressions and Reflections out of a discomposed habit of Mind which they have accustomed themselves unto and not from a sedate Judgment and consideration of the things themselves And hence they will labour to convince others of that whereof if they would put it unto a serious Tryal they would never be able to convince themselves This then is that Church which on the account of their Sincere faith and Obedience shall be saved and out of which on the account of their Profession there is no salvation to be obtained which things are weakly and arrogantly appropriated unto any Particular Church or Churches in the World For it is possible that men may be Members of it and yet not belong or relate unto any particular Church on the Earth and so it often falleth out as we could manifest by instances did that work now lie before us This is the Church which the Lord Christ loved and gave himself for it that he might sanctifie and cleanse it with the washing of water by the Word that he might present it unto himself a Glorious Church not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing but that it should be holy and without blemish And we must acknowledge that in all things this is the Church unto which we have our first and Principal regard as being the spring from which all other considerations of the Church do flow Within the virge and compass of it do we indeavour to be found the End of the Dispensation of the Gospel unto Men being that they should do so Neither would we to save our Lives which for the Members of this Church and their good we are bound to lay down when justly called thereunto wilfully live in the neglect of that Love towards them or any of them which we hope God hath planted in our hearts and made natural unto us by that one and self-same Spirit by whom the whole Mystical Body of Christ is animated We do confess that because the best of Men in this Life do know but in part that all the Members of this Church are in many things liable to Error mistakes and Miscarriages And hence it is that although they are all internally acted and guided by the same Spirit in all things absolutely necessary to their Eternal salvation and do all attend unto the same Rule of the Word according as they apprehend the mind of God in it and concerning it have all for the Nature and Substance of it the same Divine Faith and Love and are all equally united unto their Head yet in the Profession which they make of the conceptions and perswasions of their minds about the things revealed in the Scripture there are and always have been many Differences among them Neither is it morally possible it should be otherwise whilst in their Judgment and Profession they are left unto the Ability of their own Minds and Liberty of their Wills under that great variety of the Means of Light and Truth with other Circumstances whereinto they are disposed by the Holy Wise Providence of God Nor hath the Lord Christ absolutely Promised that it shall be otherwise with them but securing them all by his Spirit in the foundations of eternal Salvation he leaves them in other things to the exercise of mutual Love and forbearance with a charge of Duty after a continual endeavour to grow up unto a perfect Union by the improvement of the blessed Aids and Assistances which he is pleased to afford unto them And those who by ways of Force would drive them into any other Union or Agreement than their own Light and Duty will lead them into do what in them lies to oppose the whole Design of the Lord Christ towards them and his Rule over them In the mean time it is granted that they may fall into Divisions and Schisms and mutual Exasperations among themselves through the Remainders of Darkness in their minds and the Infirmity of the flesh And in such Cases mutual judgings and despisings are apt to ensue and that to the Prejudice and great Disadvantages of that Common faith which they do profess And yet notwithstanding all this such cross intangled wheels are there in the course of our Nature they all of them really value and esteem the things wherein they agree incomparably above those wherein they differ But their valuation of the matter of their Union and Agreement is purely spiritual whereas their Differences are usually influenced by Carnal and Secular Considerations which have for the most part a sensible Impression on the Minds of poor Mortals But so far as their Divisions and Differences are unto them unavoidable the Remedy of farther Evils proceeding from them is plainly and frequently expressed in the Scripture It is Love Meckness forbearance bowels of Compassion with those other Graces of the Spirit wherein our Conformity unto Christ doth consist with a true understanding and due valuation of the Vnity of faith and the common Hope of Believers which are the ways prescribed unto us for the prevention of those Evils which without them our unavoidable Differences will occasion And this excellent way of the Gospel together with a Rejection of evil surmises and a watchfulness over our selves against irregular judging and censuring of others together with a peaceable walking in consent and Unity so far as we have attained is so fully and clearly proposed unto us therein that they must have their Eyes blinded by Prejudices and Carnal Interests or some effectual working of the God of this world on their minds into whose understandings the Light of it doth not shine with uncontroulable Evidence and Conviction That the Sons or Children of this Church of Jerusalem which is above and is the Mother of us all should on the account of their various Apprehensions of some things relating to Religion or the worship of God unavoidably attending their frail and imperfect condition in this world yea or of any Schisms or Divisions ensuing thereon proceeding from Corrupt and not throughly mortified Affections be warranted to hate judge despise or contemn one another much more to strive by external force to coerce punish or destroy them that differ from them is as forreign to the Gospel as that we should believe in Mahomet and not in Jesus Christ. Whatever share therefore we are forced to bare in Differences with or Divisions from the Members of this Church that is any who declare and evidence themselves so to be by a visible and regular Profession of faith and Obedience as it is
a continual sorrow and trouble unto us so we acknowledge it to be our Duty and shall be willing to undergo any blame where we are found defective in the Discharge of it unto the utmost of our Power to endeavour after the strictest Communion with them in all Spiritual things that the Gospel doth require or whereof our condition in this world is capable In the mean time until this can be attained it is our desire to mannage the Profession of our own Light and Apprehensions without Anger Bitterness Clamours Evil speaking or any other thing that may be irregular in our selves or give just cause of offence unto others Our Prayers are also continually for the spiritual Prosperity of this Church for its increase in Faith and Holiness and especially for the healing of all breaches that are among them that belong thereunto throughout the World And were we not satisfied that the Principles which we own about the right Constitution of the Churches of Christ and the Worship of God to be observed in them are singularly suited to the furtherance and Preservation of Vnion and due Order among all the members of this Church we should not need to be excited by any unto their Renunciation But our main design in all these things is that both they and we with them may enjoy that peace which the Lord Christ hath bequeathed unto us and walk in the way which he hath prescribed for us And these things we mention neither to boast of nor yet to justifie our selves but only to acknowledge what is our conviction concerning our Duty in this matter And might there any sedate peaceable unprejudicate endeavours be countenanced and encouraged for the allaying of all occasional distempers and the composing of all differences among them who belong to this Church of Christ so as that they might all of them at least in these Nations not only keep the unity of the Spirit in the Bond of Peace but also agree and consent in all wayes and Acts of Religious Communion we doubt not but to manifest that no rigid adherence unto the practise of any conceptions of our own in things wherein the Gospel alloweth a condescention and forbearance no delight in singularity no prejudice against persons or things should obstruct us in the promotion of it to the utmost of our power and ability Upon the whole matter we own it as our duty to follow and seek after peace unity consent and agreement in holy worship with all the members of this Church or those who by a regular profession manifest themselves so to be and will with all readiness and alacrity renounce every principle or practise that is either inconsistent with such communion or directly or indirectly is in its self obstructive of it Secondly The Church of Christ may be considered with respect unto its outward Profession as constitutive of its Being and the formal Reason of its denomination And this is the Church Catholick visible whereunto they all universally belong who profess the invocation of the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ their Lord and ours under the limitations that shall be mentioned afterwards And this is the visible Kingdome of Christ which on the account of its profession and thereby is distinguished from that world which lyeth in evil and is absolutely under the power of Satan And so in common use the Church and the world are contradistinguished Yet on other accounts many who belong unto this Church by reason of some kind of profession that they make may justly be esteemed to be the world or of it So our Lord Jesus Christ called the generality of the professing Church in his time The world saith he hateth me And that we may know that he thereby intended the Church of the Jewes besides that the circumstances of the place evince it he puts it out of question by the Testimony which he produceth in the confirmation of his Assertion concerning their unjust and causless hatred namely It is written in their Law they have hated me without a cause which being taken out of the Psalms was part of the Law or Rule of the Judaical Church only Now he thus terms them because the generality of them especially their Rulers although they professed to know God and to worship him according to his Word and the Tradition of their Fathers yet were not only corrupt and wicked in their Lives but also persecuted him and his Disciples in whom the Power and Truth of God were manifested beyond what they were able to bear And hence a General Rule is established that what Profession soever any men do make of the Knowledge and Worship of God to what Church soever they do or may be thought to belong yet if they are wicked or ungodly in their Lives and Persecuters of such as are better than themselves they are really of the World and with it will perish without Repentance These are they who receiving on them a Form or Delineation of Godliness do yet deny the Power of it from whom we are commanded to turn away But yet we acknowledge that there is a real difference to be made between them who in any way or manner make profession of the Name of Christ with subjection unto him and that Infidel world by whom the Gospel is totally rejected or to whom it was never tendred In the Catholick visible Church as comprehensive of all who throughout the world outwardly own the Gospel there is an acknowledgment of one Lord one Faith one Baptism which are a sufficient Foundation of that Love Union and Communion among them which they are capable of or are required of them For in the joynt Profession of the same Lord Faith and Baptism consists the Union of the Church under this consideration that is as Catholick and visibly professing and in nothing else And hereunto also is required as the principle animating that Communion and rendring it acceptable mutual Love with its occasional Exercise as a fruit of that Love which we have unto Jesus Christ who is the Object of our Common Profession And setting aside the consideration of them who openly reject the Principal Fundamentals of Christian Religion as denying the Lord Christ to be the Eternal Son of God with the use and efficacy of his death as also the Personal subsistence and Deity of the Holy Spirit and there is no known Community of these Professors in the world but they own so much of the Truths concerning one Lord one Faith and one baptism as are sufficient to guide them unto Life and Salvation And hereon we no way doubt but that among them all there are some really belonging to the Purpose of Gods Election who by the means that they do enjoy shall at length be brought unto everlasting Glory For we do not think that God by his Providence would maintain the Dispensation of the Gospel in any Place or among any People among whom there are none whom he hath designed to bring
since the Reformation to be as sound and healthful a part of the Catholick Church as any in the world For we know no Place nor Nation where the Gospel for so long a season hath been preached with more Diligence Power and Evidence for Conviction nor where it hath obtained a greater Success or Acceptation Those therefore who perish amongst us do not do so for want of Truth and a right belief or Miscarriages in Sacred worship but for their own Personal Infidelity and Disobedience For according to the Rules before laid down we do not judge that there are any such Errors publickly admitted among them nor any such Miscarriages in Sacred Administration as should directly or absolutely hinder their eternal Salvation That they be not any of them through the Ignorance or Negligence of those who take upon them the conduct of their Souls encouraged in a State or way of Sin or deprived of due Advantages to farther their spiritual Good or are lead into Practices in Religion neither acceptable unto God nor tending to their own Edification whereby they may be betrayed into Eternal Ruine is greatly incumbent on themselves to consider Unto this Catholick Church we owe all Christian Love and are obliged to exercise all the Effects of it both towards the whole and every Particular Member as we have Advantage and Occasion And not only so but it is our Duty to live in constant Communion with it This we can no otherwise do but by a Profession of that Faith whereby it becomes the Church of Christ in the notion under Consideration For any failure herein we are not that we know of charged by any Persons of Modesty or Sobriety The Reflections that have been made of late by some on the Doctrines we teach or own do fall as severely on the Generality of the Church of England at least until within a few years last past as they do on us And we shall not need to owne any especial Concernment in them until they are publickly discountenanced by others Such are the Doctrines concerning Gods Eternal Decrees Justification by Faith the Loss of Original Grace and the Corruption of Nature the Nature of Regeneration the Power and Efficacy of Grace in the Conversion of Sinners that we say not of the Trinity and satisfaction of Christ. But we do not think that the Doctrines publickly taught and owned among us ever since the Reformation will receive any great dammage by the impotent assaults of some few especially considering their mannagement of those assaults by tales railing and ralliery to the lasting reproach of the Religion which themselves profess be it what it will Thirdly The Church of Christ or the visible Professors of the Gospel in the world may be considered as they are disposed of by Providence or their own choyce in Particular Churches These at present are of many sorts or are esteemed so to be For whereas the Lord Christ hath instituted sundry solemn Ordinances of Divine Worship to be observed joyntly by his Disciples unto his honour and their edification this could not be done but in such Societies Communities or Assemblies of them to that purpose And as none of them can be duly performed but in and by such Societies so some of them do either express the Union Love and common Hope that is among them or do consist in the means of their preservation Of this latter sort are all the wayes whereby the Power of Christ is acted in the Discipline of the Churches Wherefore we believe that our Lord Jesus Christ as the King Ruler and Lawgiver of his Church hath ordained that all his Disciples all persons belonging unto his Church in the former notions of it should be gathered into distinct Societies and become as Flocks of Sheep in several Folds under the eye of their Great Shepherd and the respective Conducts of those employed under him And this conjunction of Professors in and unto particular Churches for the celebration of the Ordinances of sacred Worship appointed by Christ and the participation of his Institutions for their edification is not a matter of accident or meerly under the disposal of common Providence but is to be an act in them of choice and voluntary obedience unto the commands of Christ. By some this Duty is more expresly attended unto than by others and by some it is totally neglected For neither antecedently nor consequentially unto such their Conjunction do they consider what is their duty unto the Lord Christ therein nor what is most meet for their own edification They go in these things with others according to the custome of the Times and Places wherein they live confounding their Civil and spiritual Relations And these we cannot but judge to walk irregularly through ignorance mistakes or prejudices Neither will they in their least secular concernments behave themselves with so much regardlesness ot negligence For however their Lot previously unto their own choyce may be cast into any place or Society they will make an after-judgment whether it be to their advantage according to the Rules of prudence and by that judgment either abide in their first station or otherwise dispose of themselves But a Liberty of this nature regulated by the Gospel to be exercised in and about the great concernments of mens souls is by many denyed and by most neglected Hence it is come to pass that the Societies of Christians are for the most part meer effects of their Political Distributions by Civil Lawes aiming principally at other ends and purposes It is not denyed but that Civil Distributions of Professors of the Gospel may be subservient unto the ends of Religious Societies and Assemblies But when they are made a means to take off the minds of men from all regard to the Authority of the Lord Christ instituting and appointing such Societies they are of no small disadvantage unto true Church-Communion and Love The Institution of these Churches and the Rules for their disposal and Government throughout the world are the same stable and unalterable And hence there was in the first Churches planted by the Apostles and those who next succeeded them in the care of that work great Peace Vnion and Agreement For they were all gathered and planted alike according unto the Institution of Christ all regulated and ordered by the same common Rule Men had not yet found out those things which were the Causes of Differences in after-Ages and which yet continue so to be Where there was any difference it was for the most part on the account of some noysom foolish Phantastical Opinions vented by Impostors in direct opposition to the Scripture which the generality of Christians did with one consent abhor But on various occasions and by sundry degrees there came to be great variety in the conceptions of men about these Particular Churches appointed for the Seat and Subject of all Gospel Ordinances and wherein they were authoritatively to be administred in the Name of Jesus Christ For
to make use of their Assemblies in all Acts of Religion unto our Edification as occasion shall require But where the Authority of Christ in the things of sacred worship doth intervene all other considerations must be discarded and a compliance therewith will secure us from all irregular Events It must be acknowledged that many of these Churches have wofully degenerated and that any of them may so do both from their Primitive Institution and also the sole Rule of their worship And this they may do and have done in such various Degrees and ways as necessarily requires a great variety in our Judgments concerning them and our Communion with them The whole Christian world gives us Instances hereof at this Day yea we have it confirmed unto us in what is recorded concerning sundry Churches mentioned in the Scripture its self They were newly planted by the Apostles themselves and had Rules given by them to attend unto for their Direction And besides they were obliged in all Emergencies to enquire after and receive those Command and Directions which they were inabled infallibly to give unto them And yet notwithstanding these great Advantages we fâ—nd that sundry of them were suddenly fallen into siâ—ful neglects disorders and miscarriages both in Doctrine Discipline and worship Some of these were reproved and reformed by the Great Apostle in his Epistles written unto them for that End And some of them were rebuked and threatned by the Lord Christ himself immediately from Heaven That in process of Time they have increased in their Degeneracy waxing worse and worse their present state and Condition in the world or the Remembrance of them which are now not at all with the severe dealings of God with them in his Holy wise Providence do sufficiently manifest Yea some of them though yet continuing under other Forms and shapes have by their Superstition false worship and Express Idolatry joyned with wickedness of Life and Persecution of the true worshipers of Christ as also by casting themselves into a new worldly Constitution utterly forreign unto what is appointed in the Gospel abandoned their Interest in the State and Rights of Churches of Christ. So are sundry faithful Citties become Harlots and where Righteousness inhabited there dwells Persâ—câ—ting Murderers Such Churches were planted of Christ wholly noble vines but are degenerated into those that are bitter and wild Whatever our Judgment may be concerning the Personal condition of the Members of such apostatized Churches or of any of them all Communion with them as they would be esteemed the Seat of Gospel Ordinances and in their pretended Administrations of them is unlawful for us and it is our indispensible Duty to separate from them For whatever Indifferency many may be growing into in matter of outward worship which ariseth from ignorance of the Respect that is between the Grace and Institutions of Christ as that from an Apprehension that all internal Religion consists in Moral Honesty only yet we know not any other way whereby we may approve our selves faithful in our Profession but in the Observance of all whatever Christ hath commanded and to abstain from what he condemns For both our Faith and Love whatever we pretend will be found vain if we endeavour not to keep his Commandments Such was the state of things in the Church of Israel of old after the Defection uâ—der Jeroboam It was no more a true Church nor any Church at all by vertue of positive Institution For they had neither Priests nor Sacrifices nor any Ordinances of Publiâ—k worship that God approved of Hence it was the Duty of all that feared God in the Ten Tribes not to joyn with the Leaders and Body of the People in their worship as also to observe those Sacred Institutions of the Law which were forbidden by them in the Order that they should not go up to Jerusalem but attend unto all their Sacred Solemnities in the Places where the Calves were set up Accordingly many of the most Zealous Professors among them with the Priests and Levites and with a great Multitude of the People openly seperated from the Rest and joyned themselves unto Judah in the worship of God continued therein Others amongst them secretly in the worst of times preserved themselves from the Abominations of the whole People In like manner under the new Testament when some have deserved the Title of Babylon because of their Idolatry false worship and Persecution we are commanded to come out from among them in an open visible professed Seperation that we be not Partakers of their Sins and Plagues But this Judgment we are not to make nor do make concerning any but such as among whom Idolatry spreads its self over the Face of all their Solemn Assemblies and who joyn thereunto the Persecution of them who desire to worship God in Spirit and in Truth The Constitution of such Churches as to their being acceptable Assemblies of worshipers before God is lost and dissolved Neither is it Lawful for any Disciple of Christ to partake with them in their Sacred Administrations For so to do is plainly to disowne the Authority of Christ or to set up that of wicked and Corrupt men above it Yet all this hinders not but that there may in such Apostatical Churches remain a profession of the fundamental Truths of the Gospel And by vertue hereof as they maintain the interest of Christ's visible Kingdome in the world so we no way doubt but that there may be many amongst them who by a saving faith in the Truths they do profess do really belong to the Mistical Church of Christ. An instituted Church therefore may by the Crimes and wickedness of its Rulers and the generality of its Members and their Idolatrous Administrations in holy things utterly destroy their Instituted Estate and yet not presently all of them cease to belong unto the Kingdome of Christ. For we cannot say that those things which will certainly annul Church Administrations and render them abominable will absolutely destroy the salvation of all individual persons who partake in them and many may secretly preserve themselves from being defiled with such abominations So in the height of the Degeneracy and Apostacy of the Israelitish Church there were seven thousand who kept themselves pure from Baalish Idolatry of whom none were known to Elijah And therefore did God still continue a respect unto them as his people because of those secret ones and because the Token of his Covenant was yet in their flesh affording unto them an extraordinary Ministry by his Prophets when the ordinary by Priests and Levites was utterly ceased This we are to hope concerning every place where there is any Profession made of the Name of Christ seeing it was the Passion of Elijah which caused him to oversee so great a Remnant as God had left unto himself in the Kingdome of Israel And from his example we may learn that good men may somtimes be more
severe in their censures for God than he will be for himself Moreover such as were baptized in those Churches were not baptized into them as particular Churches nor initiated into them thereby But the Relation which ensued unto them thereon was unto the Catholick Church visible together with a seperation from the Infidel world lying wholly in darkness and evil by a dedication unto the Name of Christ. Upon a personal avowment of that Faith whereinto they were baptized they became compleat Members of that Church Whatever state they are hereby admitted into whatever benefit or priviledge they are personally interested in they lose them not by the miscarriage of that particular Church whereunto they do relate Yea losing the whole advantage of an Instituted Church-state they may still retain whatever belongs unto their Faith and Profession Were Baptisme only an Initiation into a Particular Church upon the failure of that Church Baptism as to all its benefits and Priviledges must cease also We do therefore own that amongst those whose Assemblies are rejected by Christ because of their false worship and wickedness there may be persons truly belonging to the Mystical Church of God and that also by their Profession are a portion of his Visible Kingdome in the World How far they do consent unto the Abominations of the Churches whereunto they do belong how far they have Light against them how far they do bewaile them how far they repent of them what God will bear withall in them we know not nor are called to judge Our Love is to be towards them as persons relating unto Jesus Christ in the capacity mentioned but all Communion with them in the Acts of false Worship is forbidden unto us By vertue also of that Relation which they still continue unto Christ and his Church as believers they have Power and are warranted as it is their Duty to reform themselves and to joyn together anew in Church Order for the due celebration of Gospel Ordinances unto the Glory of Christ and their own edification For it is fond to imagine that by the sins of others any Disciples of Christ in any place of the world should be deprived of a Right to perform their Duty towards him when it is discovered unto them And these are our thoughts concerning such Churches as are openly and visibly Apostatical Again There are Corruptions that may befall or enter into Churches that are not of so heinous a nature as those before insisted on Especially if as it often falls out the whole Lump be not leavened if the whole Body be not infected but only some Part or Parts of it which others more sound do resist and give their Testimony against And these may have none of the pernicious consequences before mentioned Thus many Errours in Doctrines Disorders and Miscarriages in sacred Administrations irregular walking in conversation with neglect or abuse of Discipline in Rulers may fall out in some Churches which yet may be so far from evacuating their Church state as that they give no sufficient Warrant unto any person immediately to leave their Communion or to seperate from them The Instances that may be given of the failings of some of the Primitive Churches in all these things with the consideration of the Apostolical Directions given unto them on such Occasions render this Assertion evident and incontroulable Nor do we in the least approve of their practise if any such there be that are considerable who upon every failing in these things in any Church think themselves sufficiently warranted immediately of their own minds to depart from its Communion Much more do we condemn them who suffer themselves in these things to be guided by their own surmises and misapprehensions For such there may be as make their own hasty conceptions to be the Rule of all Church Administrations and Communion who unless they are in all things pleased can be quiet no where Wherefore when any Church whereof a man is by his own consent antecedently a Member doth fall in part or in whole from any of those Truths which it hath professed or when it is overtaken with a neglect of Discipline or irregularities in its administration such a one is to consider that he is placed in his present state by divine Providence that he may orderly therein endeavour to put a stop unto such Defections and to exercise his charity Love and Forbearance towards the persons of them whose Miscarriages at present he cannot Remedy In such cases there is a large and spacious Field for Wisdom Patience Love and prudent Zeal to exercise themselves And it is a most perverse Imagination that Separation is the only cure for Church-disorders All the Gifts and Graces of the Spirit bestowed on Church-Members to be exercised in their several stations at such a season all Instructions given for their due improvement unto the good of the whole the Nature Rules and Laws of all Societies declare that all other Remedies possible and lawful are to be attempted before a Church be finally deserted But these Rules are to be observed provided alwayes that it be judged unlawful for any Persons either for the sake of Peace or Order or Concord or on any other consideration to join actually in any thing that is sinful or to profess any Opinion which is contrary to Sound Doctrine or the form of wholesome words which we are bound to hold fast on all Emergencies And farther if we may suppose as sure enough we may that such a Church so corrupted shall obstinately persist in its Errors Miscarriages Neglects and Mal-administrations that it shall refuse to be warned or admonished or being so by any means shall wilfully reject and despise all Intruction that it will not bear with them that are yet sound in it whether Elders or Members in peaceable Endeavors to reduce it unto the order of the Gospel but shall rather hurt persecute and seek their trouble for so doing whereby their Edification comes continually to be obstructed and their Souls to be hazarded through the loss of Truth and Peace we no way doubt but that it is lawful for such persons to withdraw themselves from the Communion of such Churches and that without any apprehension that they have absolutely lost their Church-state or are totally rejected by Jesus Christ. For the means appointed unto any end are to be measured and regulated according unto their usefulness unto that end Aud let mens present Apprehensions be what they will it will one day appear that the end of all Church-Order Rule Communion and Administrations is not the Grandeur or secular Advantages of some few not outward Peace and Quietness unto whose preservation the Civil Power is ordained but the Edification of the Souls of men in Faith Love and Gospel-Obedience Where therefore these things are so disposed of and mannaged as that they do not regularly further and promote that End but rather obstruct it if they will not be reduced unto their due Order and Tendency
they may be laid aside and made use of in another way Much more may any refuse the communion of such Churches if they impose on them their Corruptions Errors Failings and Mistakes as the coudition of their Communion For hereby they directly make themselves Lords over the Faith and Worship of the Disciples of Christ and are void of all Authority from him in what they so do or impose And it is so far that any mens withdrawing of themselves from the communion of such Churches and entring into a way of Reformation for their own good in obedience to the Laws of Christ should infer in them a want of Love and Peaceableness or a Spirit of Division that to do otherwise were to divide from Christ and to cast out all true Christian Love embracing a Cloud of slothful negligence and carelesness in the great concernments of the Glory of God and their own Souls in the room thereof We are neither the Authors nor the Guides of our own Love He who implants and worketh it in us hath given us Rules how it must be exercised and that on all emergencies It may work as regularly by sharp cutting Rebukes as by the most silken and compliant expressions by manifesting an aversation from all that is evil as by embracing and approving of what is good In all things and cases it is to be directed by the Word And when under the pretence of it we leave that Rule and go off from any Duty which we owe immediately unto God it is Will Pride and Self-conceit in us and not Love And among all the Exhortations that are given us in the Scripture unto Unity and Concord as the Fruits of Love there is not one that we should agree or comply with any in their sins or evil practices But as we are commanded in our selves to obtain from all appearance of evil so are we forbidden a participation in the sins of other men and all fellowship with unfruitful works of darkness Our Love towards such Churches is to work by Pity Compassion Prayer Instructions which are due means for their healing and recovery not by consent unto them or communion with them whereby they may be hardned in the Error of their way and our own Souls be subverted For if we have not a due respect unto the Lord Christ and his Authority all that we have or may pretend to have unto any Church is of no value Neither ought we to take into consideration any terms of Communion whose foundation is not laid in a regard thereunto Moreover as hath been declared there is no such society of Christians in the world whose Assemblies as to Instituted Worship are rejected by Christ so that they have a Bill of Divorce given unto them by the Declaration of the Will of the Lord Jesus to that purpose in the Scripture but that until they are utterly also as it were extirpate by the Providence of God as are many of the Primitive Plantations we are perswaded of them that there are yet some secret hidden ones among them that belong unto the purpose of Gods Grace For we do judge that where-ever the Name of Jesus Christ is called upon there is salvation to be obtained however the wayes of it may be obstructed unto the most by their own Sins and Errors They may also retain that Profession which distinguisheth them from the Infidel world In these things we are still to hold communion with them and on these accounts is our Love to be continued unto them Some kind of communion we may hold with them that that are of no Instituted or Particular Churches or whose Church-State is rejected even as a person excommunicated is to be admonished as a Brother And some kind of communion we may lawfully refuse with some true Churches Instances whereof shall be given afterwards There is therefore no necessity that any should deny all them to be true Churches from whom they may have just reason to withdraw their communion For such as are so may require such things thereunto as it is not lawful for them to accept of or submit unto What Assemblies of Christians we behold visibly worshiping God in Christ we take for granted to be true visible Churches And when we judge of our own communion with them it is not upon this Question whether they are true Churches or no as though the determination of our practice did depend solely thereon For as we are not called to judge of the being of their Constitution as to the substance of it unless they are openly judged in the Scripture as in the case of Idolatry and Persecution persisted in so a determination of the Truth of their constitution or that they are true Churches will not presently resolve us in our Duty as to communion with them for the Reasons before given But in such a cà se two things are by us principally to be considered 1. That nothing sinful in it self or unto us be required of us as the condition of communion 2. That we may in such Churches obtain the immediate end of their Institution and our Conjunction with them which is our Edification in Faith Love and Obedience And the things whereof we have discoursed comprize our Thoughts concerning those Societies of Christians whose degeneracy from their primitive Rule and Institution is most manifest and notorious Whilst there is any Profession of the Gospel any subjection of Souls unto Jesus Christ avowed or any expectation of help from him continued among them we cannot but hope that there are in all of them at least some few Names that are written in the Lambs Book of Life and which shall be saved eternally For as a Relation unto a particular visible Church walking according to the Order and Rule of the Gospel is the Duty of every Believer to give himself up unto as that which is a means appointed and sanctified to the furtherance of his Edification and Salvation so where it cannot be obtained through invincible outward Impediments or is omitted through ignorance of Duty or is on just Causes refused where opportunities make a tender of it or where the being and benefit of it is lost through the Apostasie of those Churches whereunto any persons did belong the utter want of it and that alwayes is not such as necessarily infers the eternal loss of their Souls who suffer under it Other Churches there are in the world which are not evidently guilty of the Enormities in Doctrine Worship and Discipline before discoursed of These all we judge to be true Churches of Christ and do hope that his promised presence is with them in their Assemblies Answerable hereunto is our Judgment concerning their Officers or Rulers and all their Sacred Administrations It becomes us to think and believe that the one have Authority from Christ and that the other are accepted with him For it is most unwarrantable rashness and presumption yea an evident fruit of Ignorance or want of Love or secular private Interest
from him Instead hereof some have invented bonds of Ecclesiastical Vnity which may outwardly bind men together in some appearance of order whilst in the mean time they live in envy wrath and malice biting and devouring one another or if there be any thing of Love among them it is that which is meerly natural or carnal and sensual working by a joynt consent in delights and pleasure or at best in Civil things belonging unto their conversation in this world The love that is among such persons in this world is of the world and will perish with the world But it is a far easier thing to satisfie Conscience with a pretence of preserving Church Unity by an acquiescency in some outward Rules and Constitutions wherein mens minds are little concerned than to attend diligently unto the due exercise of this Grace of Love against all Oppositions and Temptations unto the contrary For indeed the exercise of this Love requires a sedulous and painful labour Heb. 6. 10. But yet this is that alone which is the Bond of Perfection unto the Disciples of Christ and without which all other pretences or appearances of Unity are of no value with him Secondly This Love acts it self by forbearance and condescention towards the Infirmities mistakes and faults of others wherein of what singular use it is for the Preservation of Church Peace and Order the Apostle at large declares 1 Cor. 13. Fourthly The Lord Christ by his Kingly Authority hath instituted Orders for Rule and Ordinances for Worship to be observed in all his Churches That they be attended unto and celebrated in a due manner belongs unto the unity which he requires among his Disciples To this end he communicates supplyes of spiritual ability and wisdome or the Gifts of his Spirit unto the Guides and Rulers of his Churches for their administration unto edification And hereon if a submission unto his Authority be accompanyed with a due attendance unto the Rule of the Word no such variety or difference will ensue as shall impeach that Unity which is the Duty of them all to attend unto In these things doth consist that Evangelical Church Vnity which the Gospel recommends unto us and which the Lord Christ prayed for with respect unto all that should believe on his Name One Spirit one Faith one Love one Lord there ought to be in and unto them all In the possession of this Vnity and no other were the first Churches left by the Apostle And had they in succeeding Generations continued according to their Duty in the preservation and liberty of it all those scandalous Divisions which afterwards fell out among them on the account of Pre-eminences Jurisdictions Liturgies Rites Ceremonies violently or fraudulently obtruded on their Communion had been prevented The ways and means whereby this Vnity may be obtained and preserved amongst Christians are evident from the Nature of it For whereas it is Spiritual none other are suited thereunto nor hath the Lord Christ appointed any other but his Spirit and his Word For to this end doth he promise the presence of his Spirit among them that believe unto the consummation of all things And this he doth both as to lead and guide them into all Truth necessary unto the Ends mentioned so to assist and help them in the orderly performances of their Duties in and about them His Word also as the Rule which they are to attend unto he hath committed unto them and other ways and means for the compassing of this end besides the due improvement of spiritual Assistances in a compliance with the holy Rule he hath not designed or appointed This is that Gospel-Vnity which we are to labour after and these are the means whereby we may do so But now through the mistake of the minds of men with the strong influence which carnal and corrupt Interests have upon them we know how it hath been despised and what hath been set up in the room thereof and what have been the means whereby it hath been pursued and promoted We may take an Instance in those of the Church of Rome No sort of Christians in the world as we have already observed do at this day more pretend unto Vnity or more press the necessity of it or more fiercely judge oppose and destroy others for the breach of it which they charge upon them nor more prevail or advantage themselves by the pretence of it than do they But yet notwithstanding all their Pretenâ—es it will not be denied but that the Vnity which they so make their boast of and press upon others is a thing utterly forreign to the Gospel and destructive of that Peace Union and Concord among Christians which it doth require They know how highly Unity is commended in the Scripture how much it is to be prized and valued by all true Believers how acceptable it is to Jesus Christ and how severely they are condemned who break it or despise it These things they press and plead and make their advantage by But when we come to enquire what it is that they intend by Church-Vnity they tell us long Stories of Subjection unto the Pope to the Church in its Dictates and Resolutions without farther examination meerly because they are theirs Now these things are not only of another nature and kind than the Unity and Concord commended unto us by Jesus Christ but perfectly inconsistent with them and destructive of them And as they would impose upon us a corrupt confederacy for their own secular Advantage in the room of the spiritual Unity of the Gospel so it was necessary that they should find out means sutable unto its Accomplishment and Preservation as distant from the means appointed by Christ for the attaining of Gospel-Vnion as their carnal Confederacy is from the thing its self And they have done accordingly For the enforcing men by all wayes of deceit and outward violence unto a compliance with and submission unto their Orders is the great Expedient for the establishment and preservation of their perverse Union that they have fixed on Now that this Fictitious Vnity and corrupt carnal pursuit of it have been the greatest occasion and causes of begetting fomenting and continuing the Divisions that are among Christians in the world hath been indeniably proved by Learned men of all sorts And so it will fall out where-ever any reject the Union of Christs Institutions and substitute in the room thereof an Agreement of their own Invention as his will be utterly lost so they will not be able to retain their own Thus others also not content with those bounds and measures which the Gospel hath fixed unto the Vnity of Christians and Churches will have it to consist almost wholly in an outward Conformity unto certain Rites Orders Ceremonies and Modes of Sacred Administrations which themselves have either invented and found out or do observe and approve Whoever dissents from them in these things must immediately be branded as a
unto them and let us all labour to stir up those Gracious Principles of Love and Peace which ought to guide us in the use of our Liberty and will enable us to preserve Gospel-Unity and there will be a greater Progress made towards Peace Reconciliation and Concord amongst all sorts of Christians than the spoiling of the Goods or imprisoning of the Persons of Dissenters will ever effect But it may be such things are required here unto as the world is yet scarce able to comply withal For whilst men do hardly believe that there is an efficacy and power accompanying the Institutions of Christ for the compassing of that whole end which he aimeth at and intendeth whilst they are unwilling to be brought unto the constant exercise of that spiritual Diligence Patience Meekness Condescention Self-Denial Renunciation of the world and Conformity thereunto which are indispensibly necessary in Church-Guides and Church-Members according to their measure unto the attaining and preservation of Gopel-Unity but do satisfie themselves in the disposal of an Ecclesiastical Vnion into a subordination unto their own secular Interests by external force and power we have very small expectation of success in the way proposed In the mean time we are herewith satisfied Take the Churches of Christ in the world that are not infected with Idolatry or Persecution and restore their Vnity unto the Terms and Conditions left unto them by Christ and his Apostles and if in any thing we are found uncompliant therewithal we shall without repining bear the reproach of it and hasten an amendment Another Cause of the evil Effects and Consequents mentioned is the great neglect that hath been in Churches and Church-Rulers in the pursuance of the open direct Ends of the Gospel both as to the Doctrine and Discipline of it This hath been such and so evident in the world that it is altogether in vain for any to deny it or to attempt an Excuse of it And men have no reason to flatter themselves that whilst they live in an open neglect of their own Duty others will always according to their wills or Desires attend with diligence unto what they prescribe unto them If Churches or their Rulers would excuse or justifie their Members in all the evils that may befal them through their Miscarriages and Mal-administrations it might justly be expected that they should go along with them under their conduct whither-ever they should lead them But if it can never be obliterated out of the Minds and Consciences of men that they must every one live by his own Faith and every one give an account of himself unto God and that every one notwithstanding the interposition of the help of Churches and their Rulers is obliged immediately in his own person to take care of his whole Duty towards God it cannot be but that in such cases they will judge for themselves and what is meet for them to do In case therefore that they find the Churches whereunto they do relate under the guilt of the neglect mentioned it is probable that they will provide for themselves and their own safety In this state of things it is morally impossible but that Differences and Divisions will fall out which might all of them have been prevented had there been a due attendance unto the Work Doctrine Order and Discipline of the Gospel in the Churches that were in possession of the Care and Administration of them For it is hard for men to believe that by the Will and Command of Christ they are inevitably shut up under spiritual disadvantages seeing it is certain that he hath ordered all things in the Church for their Edification But the consideration of some particular Instances will render this Cause of our Divisions more evident and manifest The first End of Preaching the Gospel is the Conversion of the Souls of men unto God Acts 26. 17 18. This we suppose will not be questioned nor denied That the work hereof in all Churches ought to be attended and pursued with Zeal Diligence Labour and Care all accompanied with constant and fervent Prayers for success in and by the Ministers and Rulers of them 1 Tim. 5. 17. 2 Tim. 4. 1 2. is a Truth also that will not admit of any Controversie among them that believe the Gospel Herein principally do men in Office in the Church exercise and manifest their Zeal for the Glory of God their compassion towards the Souls of men and acquit themselves faithfully in the Trust committed unto them by the great Shepherd of the Sheep Christ Jesus If now in any Assembly or other Societies professing themselves to be Churches of Christ and claiming the Right and Power of Churches towards all persons living within the bounds or limits which they have prescribed unto themselves this work be either totally neglected or carelesly perfunctorily attended unto if those on whom it is immediately incumbent do either suppose themselves free from any Obligation thereunto upon the pretence of other Engagements or do so dispose of themselves in their relation unto many Charges or Employments as that it is impossible they should duly attend unto it or are unable and insufficient for it so that indeed there is not in such Churches a due representation of the Love Care and Kindness of the Lord Jesus Christ towards the Souls of men which he hath ordained the Administrations of his Gospel to testifie it cannot be but that great thoughts of heart and no small disorder of mind will be occasioned in them who understand aright how much the principal end of constituting Churches in this world is neglected among them And although it is their duty for a season patiently to bear with and quietly seek the Reformation of this Evil in the Churches whereunto they do belong yet when they find themselves excluded it may be by the very Constitution of the Church its self it may be by the iniquity of them that prevail therein from the performance of any thing that tends thereunto it will increase their disquietment And whereas men do not joyn themselves nor are by any other ways joyned unto Churches for any Civil or Secular Ends or Purposes but meerly for the promotion of Gods Glory and the Edification of their own Souls in Faith and Gospel-Obedience it is altogether vain for any to endeavour a satisfaction of their Consciences that it is sin to withdraw from such Churches wherein these ends are not pursued nor attainable And yet a confidence hereof is that which hath countenanced sundry Church-Guides into that neglect of Duty which many complain of and groan under at this day The second end of the Dispensation of the Gospel in the Assemblies of the Churches of Christ by the Ministers of them is the Edification of them that are converted unto God and do believe Herein consists that feeding of his Sheep and Lambs that the Lord Christ hath committed unto them And it is mentioned as the principal end for which the Ministry
in the world ordered at first by persons fallible and who in many things were actually deceived should so continue in their purity and holiness from Age to Age as to stand in need of no Reformation or Amendment Well will it be if it prove so at the great Day of Visitation In the mean time it becomes the Guides of all the Churches in the world to take care that there do not such Decays of Truth Holiness and Purity in Worship fall out under their hand in the Churches wherein they preside as that for them they should be rejected by our Lord Jesus Christ as he threatens to deal with those who are guilty of such defections For the state of the Generality of Churches is such at this day in the world as he who thinks them not to stand in need of any Reformation may justly be looked on as a part of their sinful Degeneracy We are not ignorant what is usually pleaded in Barr unto all endeavours after Church-Reformation For they say if upon the Clamours of a few humorous discontented Persons whom nothing will please and who perhaps are not agreed among themselves a Reformation must instantly be made or attempted there will be nothing stable firm or sacred left in the Church Things once well established are not to be called into question upon every ones Exceptions And these things are vehemently pleaded and urged to the exclusion of all thoughts of changing any thing though evidently for the better But long continued complaints and Petitions of Multitudes whose Sincerity hath received as great an attestation as Humane Nature or Christian Religion can give it may be deserve not to be so despised However the Jealousie which Churches and their Rulers ought to have over themselves their state and condition and the presence of the Glory of Christ amongst them or its departure from them especially considering the fearful example of the Defection and Apostacy of many Churches which is continually before their Eyes seems to require a readiness in them on every Intimation or Remembrance to search into their state and condition and to redress what they find amiss For suppose they should be in the Right and blameless as to those Orders and Constitutions wherein others dissent from them yet there may be such Defects and Declensions in Doctrine Holiness and the Fruits of them in the world as the most strict observation of outward Order will neither countenance nor compensate For to think to preserve a Church by Outward Order when its internal Principles of Faith and Holiness are decayed is but to do like him who endeavouring to set a Dead Body upright but failing in his Attempt concluded that there was somewhat wanting within Another Principle of the same importance and applied unto the same purpose is that the people are neither able nor fit to judge for themselves but ought in all things to give themselves up unto the conduct of their Guides and to rest satisfied in what they purpose and prescribe unto them The imbibing of this Apprehension which is exceedingly well suited to be made a Covering to the Pride and Ignorance of those unto whose Interests it is accommodated makes them impatient of hearing any thing concerning the Liberty of Christians in common to judge of what is their Duty what they are to do and what they are not to do in things Sacred and Religious Only it is acknowledged there is so much Ingenuity in the management of this Principle and its Application that it is seldom extended by any beyond their own Concernments For whereas the Church of Rome hath no way to maintain its self in its Doctrine and Essential Parts of its Constitution but by an implicit Faith and Obedience in its Subâ—ects seeing the animating Principles of its Profession will endure no kind of impartial Test or Trial they extend it unto all things as well in Matters of Faith as of Worship and Discipline But those who are secure that the Faith which they profess will endure an examination by the Scripture as being founded therein and thence educed they will allow unto the people at least a Judgment of discerning Truth from Falshood to be exercised about the Doctrines which they teach But as for the things which concern the Worship of God and Rule of the Church wherein they have an especial Interest and Concern there they betake themselves for relief unto this Principle Now as there is more Honesty and Safety in this latter way than in the former so it cannot be denied but that there is less of ingenuity and self-consistency For if you will allow the people to make a judgment in and about any thing that is Sacred or Religious you will never know how to hit a Joint aright to make a separation among such things so as to say with any pretence of Reason about these things they may judge for themselves but not about those And it is a little too open to say that they may exercise a Judgment about what God hath appointed but none about what we appoint our selves But without offence be it spoken this Apprehension in its whole Latitude and under its restrictions is so weak and ridiculous that it must be thought to proceed from an excess of prejudice if any man of Learning should undertake to patronize it Those who speak in these things out of Custom and Interest without a due examination of the Grounds and Reasons of what they affirm or deny as many do are of no consideration And it is not amiss for them to keep their distance and stand upon their Guard lest many of those whom they exclude from judging for themselves should be found more compeâ—ent Judges in those Matters than themselves And let Churches and Church-Rulers do what they please every man at last will be determined in what is meet for him to do by his own Reason and Judgment Churches may inform the minds of men they cannot enforce them And if those that adhere unto any Church do not do so because they judge that it is their duty and best for them so to do they therein differ not much from an Herd of Creatures that are called by another name And yet a secret Apprehension in some that the Disposal of the Concernments of the Worship of God is so left and confined unto themselves as that nothing is left unto the people but the Glory of Obedience without any sedulous enquiry after what is their own duty with respect unto that account which every one must give of himself unto God doth greatly influence them into the neglects insisted on And when any of the people come to know their own Liberty and Duty in these things as they cannot but know it if at all they apply their minds unto the consideration of them they are ready to be alienated from those who will neither permit them to judge for themselves nor are able to answer for them if they should be misled For if the
blind lead the blind as well he that is led as he that leads will into the Ditch Add hereunto the thoughts of some that Secular Grandeur and outward Pomp with a Distance and Reservedness from the Conversation of ordinary men are necessary in Ecclesiasticks to raise and preserve that popular veneration which they suppose to be their due Without this it is thought Government will not be carried on nor the minds of men awed unto Obedience Certain it is that this was not the Judgment of the Apostles of old nor of the Bishops or Pastors of the Primitive Churches It is certain also that no Direction is given for it in any of the Sacred or ancient Ecclesiastical Writings And yet they all of them abound with Instructions how the Guides of the Church should preserve that respect which is their due The sum of what they teach us to this purpose is Readiness to take up the Cross in Labours Kindness Compassion and Zeal in the exercise of all the Gifts and Graces of the Holy Spirit they should excel and go before the Flock as their Example This way of procuring veneration unto Church Guides by worldly State Greatness seeming Domination or Power was as far as we can find an utter stranger unto the primitive times Yea not only so but it seems to be expressly prohibited in that Direction of our Saviour unto them for avoiding Conformity in these things unto the Rulers of the world But those times they say are past and gone There remains not that piety and Devotion in Christians as to reverence their Pastors for their Humility Graces Labours and Gifts The good things of this world are now given them to be used and it is but a Popular Levelling Spirit that envies the Dignities and Exaltation of the Clergy Be it so therefore that in any place they are justly and usefully at least as unto themselves possessed of Dignities and Revenues and far be it from us or any of us to envy them their Enjoyments or to endeavour their deprivation of them But we must crave leave to say that the use of them to the End mentioned is vain and wholly frustrate And if it be so indeed that Christians or professors of the Gospel will not pay the Respect and Duty which they owe unto their Pastors and Guides upon the account of their Office with their work and labour therein it is an open evidence how great a necessity there is for all men to endeavour the reduction of primitive Light Truth Holiness and Obedience into Churches For this is that which hath endangered their Ruine and will effect it if continued namely an Accommodation of Church-Order and Discipline with the State and Deportment of Rulers unto the Decayes and Irreligion of the people which should have been corrected and removed by their Reformation But we hope better things of many Christians whose Faith and Obedience are rather to be imitated than the corrupt Degeneracy of others to be complied with or provided for However it is evident that this corrupt perswasion hath in most Ages since the days of Paulus Samosatenus let out and given countenance unto the Pride Covetousness Ambition and Vain-glory of several Ecclesiasticks For how can it be otherwise with them who being possessed of the Secular Advantages which some Churches have obtained in the world are otherwise utterly destitute of those Qualifications which tue Names of the places they possess do require And yet all this while it will be impossible to give one single Instance where that Respect and Estimation which the Scripture tequires in the people towards their Spiritual Guides were ever ingenerated or improved by that worldly Grandeur Pomp and Domination which some pretend to be so useful unto that end and purpose For that Awe which is put thereby on the Spirits of the common fort of men that Terror which these things strike into the minds of any who may be obnoxious unto Trouble and Disadvantage from them that outward Observance which is by some done unto persons vested with them with the Admission which they have thereby into an equality of Society with great men in the world are things quite of another Nature And those who satisfie and please themselves herewith instead of that Regard which is due unto the Officers or Guides of the Churches of Christ from the people that belong unto them do but help on their Defection from their Duty incumbent on them Neither were it difficult to manifest what innumerable scandalous offences proceeding from the Pride and Elation of Mind that is found among many who being perhaps Young and Ignorant it may be corrupt in their Conversations having nothing to bear up themselves withal but an Interest in Dignities and worldly Riches have been occasioned by this corrupt Perswasion And it is not hard to judge how much is lost hereby from the true Glory and Beauty of the Church The people are quietly suffered to decay in that Love and Respect towards their Pastors which is their Grace and Duty whilst they will pay that outward Veneration which worldly Grandeur doth acquire and Pastors satisfying themselves therewith grow neglective of that exemplary Humility and Holiness of that Laborious Diligence in the dispensation of the Word and care for the Soules of the Flock which should procure them that Holy Respect which is due unto their Office by the Appointment of Jesus Christ. But these things are here mention'd only on the occasion of what was before discoursed of Another great Occasion of Schismes and Divisions among Christians ariseth from the Remainders of that Confusion which was brought upon the Churches of Europe by that general Apostacy from Gospel-Truth Purity and Order whereiu they were for sundry Ages involved Few Churches in the world have yet totally freed themselves from being influenced by the Relicks of its Disorders That such an Apostacy did befall these Churches we shall not need to prove A supposition of it is the foundation of the present Church-state of England That things should so fall out among them was of old foretold by the Holy Ghost That many Churches have received a signal Deliverance from the principal Evils of that Apostasie in the Reformation we all acknowledge For therein by several ways and in several degrees of success a return unto their pristine Faith and Order was sincerely endeavoured And so far was there a Blessing accompanying of their endeavours as that they were all of them delivered from things in themselves pernitious and destructive to the Souls of men Nevertheless it cannot be denied but that there do yet continue among them sundry Remainders of those Disorders which under their fatal Declension they were cast into Nor doth there need any further proof hereof than the incurable Differences and Divisions that are found among them For had they all attained their primitive condition such Divisions with all their Causes had been prevented And the Papists upbraiding Protestants with their
intestine Differences and Schismes do but reproach them that they have not been able in an hundred years to rectifie all those Abuses and remove all those Disorders which they were inventing and did introduce in a thousand There is one thing only of this Nature or that owes it self unto this Original which we shall instance in as an occasion of much Disorder in the present Churches and of great Divisions that ensue thereon It is known none were admitted unto the fellowship of the Church in the Dayes of the Apostles but upon their Repentance Faith and turning unto God The plain Story of their Preaching the Success which they had therein and their Proceedings to gather and plant Churches thereon puts this out of the reach of all sober Contradiction None will say that they gathered Churches of Jews and Gentiles that is whilst they continued such nor of open Sinners continuing to live in their sins An evidence therefore and Confession of Conversion to God was unavoidably necessary to the Admission of Members in the first Churches Neither will we ever contend with such importune Prejudices as under any pretences capable of a wrangling Countenance shall set up against this evidence Hence in the judgment of Charity all the Members of those Churches were looked on as persons really justified and sanctified as effectually converted unto God and as such were they saluted and treated by the Apostles As such we say they were looked on and owned and as such upon their Confession it was the duty of all men even of the Apostles themselves to look on them and own them though absolutely in the sight of God who alone is the Searcher of the hearts of men some among them were Hypocrites and some proved Apostates But this Profession of Conversion unto God by the Ministry of the Word and the mutual acknowledgment of each other as so converted unto God in a way of Duty was the foundation of holy spiritual Love and Unity among them And although this did not nor could preserve all the first Churches absolutely free from Schismes and Divisions yet was it the most Soveraign Antidote against that Infection and the most effectual means for the reduction of Unity after that by the violent interposition of mens Corruptions and Temptations it had been lost for a season Afterwards in the Primitive times when many more took on them the profession of Christian Religion who had not such eminent and visible Conversions unto God as most of those had who were changed by the Ministry of the Apostles that persons unfit and unqualified for that state and condition of being Members of Churches might not be admitted into them unto the disturbance of their Order and disreputation of their Holy Conversation they were for some good season kept in the condition of Expectants and called Catechumens or persons that attended the Church for Instruction In this state they were taught the Mysteries of Religion and trial was made of their Faith Holiness and Constancy before their Admission And by this means was the preservation of the Churches in Purity Peace and Order provided for Especially were they so in conjunction with that severe Discipline which was then exercised towards all the Members of them But after that the Multitudes of the Gentile world in the times of the first Christian Emperors pressed into the Church and were admitted on much easier terms than those before mentioned whole Nations came to claim successively the priviledge of Church-Membership without any personal duty performed or profession made unto that purpose on their part And so do they continue to do in many places to this day Men generally trouble themselves no farther about a Title to Church-Membership and Priviledges but rest in the prepossession of their Ancestors and their own Nativity in such or such places For whatever may be owned or acknowledged concerning the necessity of a visible Profession of Faith and Repentance and that credible as to the sincerity of it in the judgment of Charity it is certain for the most part no such thing is required of any nor performed by them And they do but ill consult for the edification of the Church or the good of the Souls of men who would teach them to rest in an outward formal Representation of things instead of the reality of Duties and the power of Internal Grace And no small part of the present ruine of Christian Religion owes it self unto this corrupt Principle For whereas the things of it which consist in Powers Internal and effectual Operations of Grace have outward Representations of them which from their Relation unto what they represent are called by the same names with them many take up with and rest in these external things as though Christianity consisted in them although they are but a dead Carcass where the quickning life and Soul of internal Grace is wanting Thus it is in this matter where there is a shadow and appearance of Church-Order when the truth and substance of it is far away Men come together unto all the Ends of Church-Assemblies where unto they are admitted but on no other grounds with no other hearts nor designes but on and with what they partake in any Civil Society or joyntly engage in any other worldly Concern And this Fundamental Errour in the Constitution of many Churches is the occasion as of other Evils so in particular of Divisions among professed Christians Hence originally was the Discipline of the Church accommodated by various degrees to the Rule and Government of such persons as understood little or were little sensible of the Nature Power and Efficacy of that spiritual Discipline which is instituted in the Gospel which thereby at last degenerated into the outward way of Force and Power before described For the Churches began to be composed of such as could no otherwise be ruled And instead of reducing them to their Primitive Temper and Condition where unto the Evangelical Rule was suited there was invented a way of Government accommodate unto that state whereinto they were lapsed which those concerned found to be the far easier work of the two Hence did sincere mutual Love with all the fruits of it begin to decay among Church-Members seeing they could not have that tollerable perswasion of that Truth of Profession in each other which is necessary to preserve it without Dissimulation and to provoke it unto a due Exercise Hence did private spiritual Communion fail amongst them the most being strangers unto all the ways and means of it yea despising and contemning it in all the instances of its exercise which will yet be found to be as the Life and Soul of all useful Church-communion And where publick Communion is only attended unto with a neglect hereof it will quickly wither and come to nothing For on this occasion do all duties of Watchfulness Exhortations and Admonitions proceeding from mutual Love and Care of each others condition so frequently recommended unto us in the Scripture
had a good Foundation to build upon For that Easter was to be observed byvertue of Apostolical Tradition was generally granted by all And he took it as unquestionable upon a current and prevalent Rumor that the observation of it was confined to the Lords day by the example of St. Peter Hereupon he refused the Communion of all that would not conform unto his resolution for the observation of Easter on the Lords day and cast out of Communion all those Persons and Churches who would observe any other day which proved to be the condition of the principal Churches of Asia amongst whom the Apostle John did longest conâ—erse Here was our present case directly exemplified or represented so long before hand the Success onely of this fact of his remaineth to be enquired into Now it is known unto all what entertainment this his new Rule of Communion found among the Churches of Christ. The Reproof of his Precipitancy and irregular fixing new bounds unto Church Communion was famous in those days Especially the Râ—buke given unto him and his practise by one of the most Holy and Learned Persons then living is eminently celebrated as consonant to Truth and Peace by those who have transmitted unto us the Reports of those Times He who himself first condemned others rashly was for his so doing generally condemned by all Suppose now that any Persons living at Rome and there called into Communion with the Church should have had the condition thereof proposed unto them namely that they should assent and declare that the observation of Easter by Apostolical Tradition was to be on the Lords day only and upon their refusal so to do should be excluded from Communion or on their own accords should refrain from it where should the Guilt of this Disorder and Schism be charged And thus it fell out not only with those who came out of Asia to Rome who were not received by that Diotrephes but also with sundry in that Church its self as Blastus and others as what great Divisions were occasioned hereby between the Saxons and Brittains hath been by many declared But in the Judgment of the primitive Churches the Guilt of these Schisms was to be charged on them that coyned and imposed these new Rules and Conditions of Communion And had they not been judged by any the pernicious consequences of this temerarious Attempt are sufficient to reflect no inconsiderable Guilt upon it Neither could the whole Observance its self from first to last ever compensate that loss of Love and Peace among Christians and Churches which was occasioned thereby Nor hath the Introduction of such things ever obtained any better success in the Church of God How free the Churches were untill that time after they were once delivered from the Attempt of the Circumcised Professors to impose upon them the Ceremonies of Moses from any appearance of unwritten Conditions of Communion is manifest unto all who have looked into the Monuments which remain of those times It is very true that sundry Christians took upon them very early the Observation of sundry Rites and Usages in Religion whereunto they had no Guidance or Direction by the word of God For as the corrupted Nature of Man is prone to the Invention and use of sensible present things in Religion especially where Persons are not able to find satisfaction in those that are purely spiritual requiring great intention of mind and Affections in their Exercise so were they many of them easily infected by that Tincture which remained in them from the Judaisme or Gentilism from which they were converted But these observances were free and taken up by Men of their own accord not only every Church but every Person in the most of them as far as it appears being left unto their own Liberty Some Ages it was before such things were turned into Laws and Canons and that perhaps first by Hereticks or at least under such a Degeneracy as our minds and Consciences cannot be regulated by The Judgment therefore and Practice of the first Churches are manifest against such Impositions Fifthly upon a supposition that it should be Lawful for any Persons or Churches to assign unscriptural Conditions of their Communion it will follow that there is no certain Rule of Communion amongst Christians fixed and determined by Christ. That this is otherwise we have before declared and shall now only manifest the evil Consequences of such a Supposition For if it be so no Man can claim an Admission into the Society or Communion of any Church or a Participation in the Ordinances of the Gospel with them by vertue of the Authority of Jesus Christ. For notwithstanding all his Pleas of submission to his Institutions and the Observation of his Commands every Church may propose something yea many things unto him that he hath not appointed without an admission whereof aâ—d subjection thereunto he may be justly excluded from all Church Priviledges among them Now this seems not consonant unto the Authority that Christ hath over the Church nor that Honour which ought to be given unto him therein Nor on the same supposition are his Laws sufficient to rule and quiet the Consciences or to provide for the Edification of his Disciples Now if Diotrephes is blamed for not receiving the Brethren who were recommended unto the Church by the Apostle probably because they would not submit to that pre-eminence which he had obtained among them they will scarcely escape without reproof who refuse those whom the Lord Christ commends unto them by the Rules of the Gospel because they will not submit unto such new Impositions as by vertue of their Pre-eminence they would put upon them And what endless Perplexities they must be cast into who have learned in these things to call him only Lord and Master is apparent unto all Baptism with a voluntary credible Profession of Faith Repentance and Obedience unto the Lord Christ in his Commands and Institutions is all the warranty which he hath given unto any of his Disciples to claim their Admission into his Churches which are instituted and appointed to receive them and to build them up in their Faith And if any Person who produceth this warranty and thereon desireth according to order the Communion of any Church if he may be excluded from it or forbidden an entrance into it unless it be on grounds sufficient in the Judgment of Charity to evince the falseness and hypocrisie of his Profession little regard is had to the Authority of Christ and too much unto Mens own Churches indeed may more or less insist upon the Explicitness of this Profession and the Evidences of its sincerity as they find it tend to their Peace and Edification with a due Attendance unto the Rule and Example left unto them in this matter in the Gospel And that the exercise of this Power in any Churches may not turn to the Prejudice of any every Professor is allowed with reference unto particular Assemblies to
make his choice of the Measure he will comply withal at least if he will make the choice of his habitation subservient unto his Edification Hereby the Peace and Duty both of Churches and private Persons are secured And this Rule of Church Admission and Communion furnished Christians with Peace Love and Unity for many Ages setting aside the Ruffle given them in the rashness of Victor before mentioned It was also rendred practicable and easie by vertue of their Communion as Churches among themselves For from thence Commendatory Letters supplyed the Room of actual Profession in thâ—m who having been admitted into one Church did desire the same Priviledge in any other And on this Rule were Persons to be received though weak in the Faith thought it may be in some things otherwise minded than the generality of the Church though babes and unskilful as to degrees in the word of Truth But this Rule was alwayes attended with a Proviso that men did not contradict or destroy their own Profession by an unholy Conversation For such Persons never were nor ever are to be admitted unto the especial Ordinances of the Church and a neglect of due Attendance hereunto is that which principally hath cast us into all our Confusions and rendred the Institutions of Christ ineffectual And if this warranty which the Lord Christ hath given unto his Disciples of claiming a Participation in all the Priviledges of his Churches and an Admission unto a joynt-performance of all the Duties required in them may upon the supposition of a Power left to impose other Conditions of Communion on them be rejected and rendred useless all Church Communion is absolutely resolved into the variable wills of Men. The Church no doubt may judge and determine upon the Laws of Christ and their due Application unto particular Occasions as whether such Persons may according to them be admitted into their Fellowship To deprive Churches of this Litberty is to take away their Principal Use and service But to make Laws of their own the subject matter whereof shall be things not commanded by Christ to make them the Rule of admitting professed Christians unto their Communion is an Assumption that cannot be justified And it is certain that the assuming of an Authority by some Churches for such like Impositions is that which hath principally occasioned many to deny them so to be so at once to overthrow the foundation of all that Authority which in so many Instances they find to be abused And although the Church of Rome may prevail on weak and credulous Persons by proposing unto them an absolute Acquiescency in their Dictates and Determinations as the best readiest and most facile means of satisfaction yet there is nothing that doth more alienate wise and conscientious persons from them than doth that unreasonable Proposal Moreover it is highly probable that endless Disputes will arise on this supposition about what is meet and convenient and what not to be added unto the Scripture-Rules of Communion They have done so in the Ages past and continue yet so to do Nor can any man on this Principle know or probably conjecture when he hath a firm station in the Church or an indefensable interest in the Priviledges thereof For supposing that he hath concocted the Impositions of one Church on the first removal of his habitation he may have new conditions of communion prescribed unto him And from this perplexity nothing can relieve him but a resolution to do in every place whereunto he may come according to the manner of the place beit good or bad right or wrong But neither hath the Lord Christ left his Disciples at this Vncertainty which the Case supposeth nor will accept of that Indifferency which is in the Remedy suggested They therefore who regulate their Communion with any Churches by the firm stated Law of their Right and Priviledge if they are not received thereon do not by their abstinence from it contract the Guilt of Schisme or any blameable Division Moreover upon a supposition of such a Liberty and Power to prescribe and impose unwritten conditions of Church-communion on Christians who or what Law doth or shall prescribe bounds unto men that they do not proceed in their Prescriptions beyond what is useful unto edification or unto what will be really burdensome and intolerable unto Churches To say that those who claim this Power may be securely trusted with it for they will be sure not to fall into any such Excesses will scarcely give satisfaction For besides that such a kind of Power is exceedingly apt to swell and extend it self unmeasurably the common Experience of Christendom lies against this Suggestion Was not an Excess of this kind complained of by Austin of old when yet the observation of Ecclesiastical Customes was much more voluntary than in after Ages neither were they made absolutely conditions of communion unless among a very few Do not all Protestants grant and plead that the Papal Church hath exceeded all bounds of moderation and Sobriety herein so that from thence they take the principal warranty of their secession from it Do not other Churches mutually charge one another on the same account Hath not a charge of this Exâ—â—ss been the Ball of Contention in this Nation ever since the Reformation If then there be such a Power in any either the exercise of it is confined unto certain Instances by some power superior unto them or it is left absolutely as unto all Particulars whereunto it may be extended unto their own Prudence and Discretion The first will not be asserted nor can be so unless the Instances intended can be recounted and the confirming power be declared If the latter be affirmed then let them run into what Excesses they please unless they judge themselves that so they do which is morally impossible that they should none ought ever to complain of what they do For there is no failure in them who attend unto their Rule which in this case is supposed to be mens own Prudence and Discretion And this was directly the state of things in the Church of Rome whence they thought it alwayes exceedingly unequal that any of their Ecclesiastical Laws should be called in question since they made them according to their own Judgment the sole Rule of exercising their Authority in such things Where is the certainty and stability of this Rule Is it probable that the communion and peace of all Churches and all Christians are left to be regulated by it And who will give assurance that no one Condition directly unlawful in it self shall be prescribed and imposed by persons enjoying this pretended power Or who can undertake that the number of such Conditions as may be countenanced by a Plea of being things in their own nature indifferent shall not be increased until they come to be such a burden and yoke as are too heavy for the Disciples of Christ to bear and unlawful for them to submit themselves
pretendeth to fall under Scripture-proof that such Bishops should be Diocesan that they should depend on Archbishops over them that they should assume the whole power of Church-Rule and Discipline into their hands that they should administer it by Chancellors Archdeacons Commissaries and the like that this should be done by Presentments or Indictments Citations Processes Litigious Pleadings after the manner of Secular or Civil Courts to the Exclusion of that Rule and Discipline which the Gospel directs unto with the management of it in Love and Brotherly compassion in the Name and by the Spirit of our Lord Jesus Christ. But these things we shall not in particular insist upon for the Reason before given This we must say that take the whole of the Government and the Administration thereof together which by the conformity required of us we must testifie our Approbation of and Acquiescence in or we deal hypocritically with them that require it of us and we know it to be so far unscriptural as that an acknowledgment of it and submission unto it cannot duly and justly be made a necessary condition of communion unto us It may be it will be said that submission unto the Government of the Church is not so much a condition of communion with it as it is that wherein our communion it self with it doth consist and it is but a Fancy to think of communion with a Church without it But this is otherwise as appears in those Churches where all Rule and Government being left in the hand of the Civil Magistrate there communion is meerly spiritual in the Administration of Evangelical Ordinances And might but that be admitted which Nature Reason the Law of the Christian Faith and Gospel-Obedience do require namely that Church-fellowship and Communion be built upon mens own Judgment and Choyce and this would go a great way towards the pacification of our Differences But if this be so and that all Church-communion consists in submission to the Government of it or at least that it doth so principally it becomes them by whom it is owned and avowed so to do to take care that that Government be derived from the Authority of Christ and administred according to his Mind or all Church Communion properly so called will be overthrown Thirdly We are required to use and observe the Ceremonies in Worship which the present Church hath appointed or doth use and observe This also is made a necessary condition of Communion unto us For many are at this day actually cast out of all Communion for not observing of them Some are so proceeded against for not observing of Holy dayes some for not Kneeling at the Sacrament of the Lords Supper some for not using the Sign of the Cross in Baptism and what would become of Ministers that should neglect or omit to wear the Surplice in Sacred Administrations is easie to conjecture But these things are all of them unwritten and unscriptural Great and many indeed have been the Disputes of learned men to prove that although they have no Divine Institution nor yet example of Apostolical or Primitive practise yet that they may be Lawfully used for Decency and Order in the Worship of God Whether they have evinced what they aimed at is as yet undetermined But supposing in this Case all to be as they would pretend and plead that it should be yet because they are all granted to be Arbitrary inventions of men and very few of those who make use of them are agreed what is their proper use and signification or whether they have any or no they are altogether unmeet to be made a necessary condition of Communion For enquiry may be made on what Warranty or by what Rule they may be appointed so to be Those who preside in and over the Churches of Christ do so in his Name and by his Authority And therefore they can impose nothing on them as a Condition of their Communion together but what his Name is upon or what they have his Authority for And it will be dangerous to set his Seal unto our own Appointments For what men think meet to do themselves in the matters of the House of God and his Worship it may be measured and accepted with him according to their Light and Design But for what they impose on others and that under no less penalty than the deprivation of the outward Administration of all the Priviledges procured for them by Jesus Christ they ought to have his Warrant and Authority for And their Zeal is to be bewailed who not only cast men out of all Church Communion so far as in them lyeth for a refusal to observe those voluntarily imposed Ceremonies in sacred Worship but also prosecute them with outward force to the Ruine of them and their Families and we cannot but wonder that any should as yet think meet to make use of Prisons and the destruction of men thereby as an Appendix of their Ecclesiastical Discipline exercised in the highest severity on no greater Occasions than the omission of the observance of these Ceremonies Whether such proceedings are measured by present Inteâ—est or the due consideration of what will be pleasing to the Lord Jesus Christ at the last day is not difficult to determine Fourthly As we are Ministers there is in some cases required of us under the same penalty an Oath of Canonical obedience We need not labour to prove this to be unscriptural nor to avoid provocations shall at present declare the Rise Nature and Use of it with the fierce Digladiations that have formerly been about it We can look upon it no otherwise but as that which is contrary to the Liberty and unworthy of the Office of a Minister of the Gospel We know not any thing else which is required of us unto the end mentioned unless it be of some a Subscription unto the Articles of Religion And this because the Scripture enjoyns unto all a Consent unto sound Doctrine and a Form of wholsome words may be admitted so far as those Articles concern only Points of Faith But whereas there is annexed unto them and enjoyned with other things an Approbation of all those Instances of Conditions of Communion before insisted on a Subscription unto the whole becomes of the same Nature with the things themselves therein approved of These are the Conditions of Communion with the Church of England which are proposed unto us and which we are indispensibly to submit unto if we intend to be partakers thereof and these are all which we know of that nature That any of these are in particular prescribed in the Word of God much less that they can derive any Warranty from thence to be made necessary conditions of Church-Communion will not we suppose be pretended by any If therefore any Divisions do ensue on the refusal of some to admit of these Conditions the Guilt of them cannot by any Rule of Scripture or from any example of the first Churches be charged on them
for the preservation of outward Order And whatever Arbitrariness may be supposed in making a judgment upon the Rule of the Word or in the Application of its rule unto the present Case it must abide in some or other And who shall be thought more meet or able to make a right determination thereon than those whose Duty it is and who have the advantage to be acquainted with all Circumstances belonging to the Case proposed Besides there is the Judgment of the Church or the Congregation it self which is greatly to be regarded Even in the Church of England a suspension of any from the Lords Supper is allowed unto the Curate upon the Offence of the Congregation which is a sufficient evidence that a Judgment in this Case is owned to be their due For none can take Offence but upon a Judgment of the Matter at which he is offended nor in this case without a right to determine that some Offences ought to debar Persons from a participation of the holy Ordinances as also what those Offences are This therefore is to be considered as an Aid and Assistance unto Ministers in the discharge of their Duty It is the Church into whose communion persons are to be admitted And although it be no way necessary that determinations in this Case should be always made by Suffrage or a Plurality of Votes in the Body of the Church yet if the Sense or Mind of the Congregation may be known or is so upon the Enquiry that ought to be made unto that purpose that any persons are unmeet for their communion it is not convenient they should be received nor will their Admission in this case be of any advantage to themselves or the Church The Light of Reason and the Fundamental constitutive Principles of all Free Societies such as the Church is ascribe this Liberty unto it and the Primitive Church practised accordingly So also is the judgment and Desire of the Congregation to be considered in the admission of any if they are made known to the Guides of it For it is expected from them they should confirm their Love unto them without dissimulation as Members of the same Body and therefore in their approbation of what is done their Rulers have Light and Encouragement in their own Duty Besides there is appointed and ought to be preserved a communion among Churches themselves By virtue hereof they are not only to make use of mutual Aid Advice and Counsel antecedently unto a actings of Importance but each particular Church is upon just demand to give an account unto other Churches of what they do in the Administration of the Ordinances of the Gospel among them and if in any thing it hath mistaken or miscarried to rectifie them upon their Advice and Judgment And it were easie to manifest how through these Means and Advantages the Edification of the Church and the Liberty of Christians is sufficiently secured in that discharge of Duty which is required in the Pastors of the Churches about the Admission of persons unto a Participation of holy ordinances in them 5. This Duty therefore must either be wholly neglected which will unavoidably tend to the corrupting and debauching of all Churches and in the end unto their Ruine or it must be attended unto by each particular Church under the conduct of their Guides and Rulers or some others must take it upon themselves What hath been the issue of a Supposal that it may be discharged in the latter way is too well known to be insisted on For whilst those who undertake the Exercise of Church-Power are such as do not dispense the Word or preach it unto them towards whom it is to be exercised but are strangers unto their spiritual state and all the Circumstances of it whilst they have no way to act or exercise their presumed Authority but by Citations Processes Informations and Penalties according to the manner of Secular Courts of Judicature in Causes Civil and Criminal and whilst the Administration of it is committed unto men utterly unacquainted with and inconcerned in the Discipline of the Gospel or the preservation of the Church of Christ in Purity and Order and whilst herein many the most or all of them who are so employed have thereby outward Emoluments and Advantages which they do principally regard the due and proper care of the right Order of the Churches unto the Glory of Christ and their own Edification is utterly omitted and lost It is true many think this the only decent useful and expedient way for the Government of the Church and think it wondrous unreasonable that others will not submit thereunto and acquiesce therein But what would they have us do or what is it that they would perswade us unto Is it that this kind of Rule in and over the Church hath Institution given it in the Scripture or countenance from Apostolieal Practice Both they and we know that no pretence of any such Plea can be made Is it that the first Churches after the Apostles or the Primitive Church did find such a kind of Rule to be necessary and therefore erected it among themselves There is nothing more remote from Truth Would they perswade us that as Ministers of the Gospel and such as have or may have the care of particular Churches committed unto us that we have no such concernment in these things but what we may solemnly renounce and leave them wholly to the mannagement of others We are not able to believe them The Charge that is given unto us the Account that will be required of us the nature of the Office we are called unto continually testifie other things unto us Wherefore we dare not voluntarily engage into the neglect or omission of this Duty which Christ requireth at our hands and of whose neglect we see so many sad Consequents and Effects The Lord Christ we know hath the same Thoughts and makes the same Judgment of his Churches as he did of old when he made a solemn Revelation and Declaration of them And then we find that he charged the Failings Neglects and Miscarriages of the Churches principally upon the Angels or Ministers of them And we would not willingly by our neglect render our selves obnoxious unto his Displeasure nor betray the Churches whereunto we do relate unto his just indignation for their declension from the Purity of his Institutions and the vigour of that Faith and Love which they had professed We should moreover by the Conformity required of us and according to the Terms on which it is proposed engage our selves against the exercise of our Ministerial Office and Power with respect unto them who are already Members of Particular Churches For this we carry along with us that by Conforming we voluntarily consent unto the whole state of Conformity and unto all that we are to do or not to do by the Law thereof Now it is not to be expected that all who are duly initiated or joyned unto any Church
the Peace and quiet of the Nation and not from any Scripture or Religious Rules And were these Prohibitions only temporary or occasional suited unto such Emergencies as may give countenance unto their necessity there might be a proportionable compliance with them But whereas they respect all times alike it is no doubt incumbent on them who act any thing contrary unto such Prohibitions to secure their own Consciences that they no way interfere with the Intention and End of the Law by giving the least countenance or occasion unto civil disturbances and others also by their peaceable deportment in all they do But whereas they have received a Talent from the Lord Christ to trade withal have accepted of his Terms and engaged into his Service without any condition of exception in case of such Prohibitions it is not possible they should satisfie their Consciences in desisting from their work on such Occurrences any farther than in what they must yield unto outward force and necessity It is pretended by some that if such a Legal Prohibition were given unto all the Ministers of the Gopel it would not be obligatory unto them For if it should be so esteemed it were in the power of any Supream Magistrate lawfully to forbid the whole work of Preaching the Gospel unto his Subjects which is contrary to the Grant made by God the Father unto Jesus Christ that all Nations should be his Inheritance and the Commission he gave thereon unto his Apostles to teach all Nations and to preach the Gospel to every creature under heaven But it being some only that are concerned in this Prohibition it is their duty for Peace sake to acquiesce in the will of their Superiors therein whilst there are others sufficient to carry on the same work That Peace is or may be secur'd on other Terms hath been already declared But that one mans Liberty to attend unto his Duty and his doing it accordingly should excuse another from that which is personally incumbent on himself is a matter not easily apprehended nor can be readily digested Besides what is pretended of the sufficient number of Preachers without any contribution of aid from the Non-conformists is indeed but pretended For if all that are found in the Faith gifted and called to the work of the Ministry in these Nations were equally encouraged unto and in their work yet would they not be able to answer the necessities of the Souls of men requiring an attendance unto it in a due measure and manner And those who have exercised themselves unto compassionate thoughts towards the multitudes of poor Sinners in these Nations will not be otherwise minded Wherefore these things being premised we shall shut up these Discourses with a brief Answer unto the foregoing Objection which was the occasion of them And we say 1. That Schism being the Name of a Sin or somewhat that is evil it can in no Circumstances be any maes Duty But we have manifested as satisfactorily unto our own Consciences so we hope unto the minds of unprejudiced persons that in our present condition our Assemblies for the Worship of God are our express Duty and so can have no Affinity with any sin or evil And those who intend to charge us with Schisme in or for our Assemblies must first prove them not to be our Duty 2. Notwithstanding them or any thing by us performed in them we do preserve our communion entire with the Church of England that is all the visible Professors of the Gospel in this Nation as it is a part of the Catholick Church in the Unity of the Faith owned therein provided it be not measured by the present Opinions of some who have evidently departed from it Our Non-admittance of the present Government and Discipline of the Church as apprehended National and as it is in the hands of meerly Ecclesiastical persons or such as are pretended so to be we have accounted for before But we are One with the whole Body of the Professors of the Protestant Religion in a publick avowment of the same Faith 3. Into Particular Churches we neither are nor can be admitted but on those terms and conditions which not only we may justly but which we are bound in a way of Duty to refuse And this also hath been pleaded before Besides no man is so obliged unto communion with any Particular or Parochial Church in this Nation but that it is in his own power at any time to relinquish it and to secure himself also from all Laws which may respect that communion by the removal of his Habitation It is therefore evident that we never had any relation unto any Parochial Church but what is Civil and Arbitrary a relinquishment whereof is practised at pleasure every day by all sorts of men Continuing therefore in the constant Profession of the same Faith with all other Protestants in the Nation and the whole Body thereof as united in the Profession of it under one Civil or Political Head and having antecedently no Evangelical Obligation upon us unto Local communion in the same Ordinances of Worship numerically with any particular or Parochial Church and being prohibited from any such communion by the Terms Conditions and Customes indispensibly annexed unto it by the Laws of the Land and the Church which are not lawful for us to observe being Christs Freemen It being moreover our duty to assemble our selves in Societies for the Celebration of the Worship of God in Christ as that which is expresly commanded we are abundantly satisfied that however we may be censured judged or condemned by men in and for what we do yet that he doth both accept us here and will acquit us hereafter whom we serve and seek in all things to obey Wherefore we are not convinced that any Principle or practice which we own or allow is in any thing contrary to that Love Peace and Unity which the Lord Christ requireth to be kept and preserved among his Disciples or those that profess Faith in him and Obedience unto him according to the Gospel We know not any thing in them but what is consistent and compliant with that Evangelical Vnion which ought to be in and among the Churches of Christ the terms whereof we are ready to hold and observe even with them that in sundry things differ from us as we shall endeavour also to exercise all Duties of the same Love Peaceableness and Gentleness towards them by whom we are hated and reviled FINIS ERRATA PAg. 3. line 21. read from him p. 5. l. 9. r. train of l. 12. for seriousness r. fierceness p. 16 l. 26. for security r. severity l. 33 of it add which we have hitherto professed p. 19. l 23. r. searcher p. 31. l. 23. r. 18. p. 32. l. 29 r. principles p. 38. l. 9. r. Church state p. 49. l. 1. r. in this p. 66. l. 4. r. lost us p. 87. l. 19. for particularities r. particular Rites p 98. l. 12. for this r. their p. 100 l 10 for according r. avoiding p. 116. l. 2. r. could p. 130. 17. r. Ascadius p. 152. l. 20. for your r. their p. 155. l. 6. r. gender p. 156. l. 16. r. occasions p. 159. l. 12. r. this p. 167. l. 21. r. their 186. l. 2. for erected r. enacted p. 190. l. 28. r. Easter was p. 198. l. 13. r. indeseazable p. 202. l. 20. r. expressed Judges 5. 15. 2 Sam. 19. 41 42 43. 2 Sam. 16. 4. 2 Chron. 20. 23. Heyl. Hist of Presb. Phil. 2. 2. 1 Cor. 1. 10. Heb. 12. 14. Rom. 11. 13. Ephes. 2. 12 1 Cor. 8. 5 6. Acts 12. Mark 16. 15. 16. 1 Thess. 2. 16. Luk. â— 18. Acts 26. 18. Eph. 2. 1 2 3. Ch. 4. 18. Rom. 8. 8. Heb. 11. 6. Joh. 3. 15 36. Gal. 5. 6. 1 Joh. 5. 11 12. Act. 4. 12 1 Cor. 3. 11. Rom. 8. 29 30. Rom. 10. 13 14 15 2 Cor. 10 4 5. Rom. 10 10. Ephes â— 26 27. 1 Joh. 3 16. Rom. 14. 3. John 15. 18 19 25. Ps. 35. 19 Acts. 18. 9 10 11. Mat. 24. 14. 2 Cor. 2. 16. Jam. 2. 13. Heb. 12. 14. Rev. 21. 8. 1 Joh. 3. 15. Act. 14 23. Chap. 20. 28. 1 Pet. 5. 1 2 3. Act. 15. 2 Phil. 1. 1. Rev. 2. 3. Mat. 28. 20. John 15. 10 14. 2 Chron. 11. Chap. 13. 1 Kings 12. Chap. 13. Rev. 18. 4. Ephes. 4. 3 4. John 17. 21 22. Eph. 5. 30 2 Pet. 1. 4 Gen. 5 2. 3 1 Cor. 12 12 13. Eph. 4. 15 16. Col. 2. 19 Rom. 14. 5. Phil. 3. 15 1 Cor. 10. 12. 1 Tim. 4. 13 14 15 16. 2 Tim. 3. 15 16 17. 1 Pet. 1. 10 11. Mat. 28. 19 20. Ephes. 4. 8 9 10 11 12 13. John 17. 20 21 22. 2 Cor. 10 4 5. Mat. 28. 20. Joh. 14. 16. Heb. 13. 27. Rev. 3. 17. 1 Pet. 5. 1 2 3. Acts 20. 18 19 20 21 31. Lnk. 22. 24 25. 26. 2 Thes. 2. 1 Cor. 12. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20. 1 Cor. 1. 11. Chap. 3. 3. 1 Thess. 4. 11. Mat. 6. 1. 2. Luke 6. 37. Rom. 14. 3. 4. 10. Jam. 4. 12. 2 Cor. 1. 24. 1 Pet. 5. 3. Rom. 12 3. 1 Cor. 8. 1. 2 Cor. 10 12. 1 Cor. 3. 18. Mat. 28. 19 20. Gal. 6. 1. â—ct 6. 4. Sâ—crat Hâ—st lib. 5. Acts 15. 1 Cor. 11. 23. 3. Joh. 9 10. Ro. 14. 1. Phil. 3. 15. He. 5. 12 13 14. 1 Tim. 2. 1. Acts 20. 28. 1 Pet. 5. 2. Act. 6. 4. Acts 20. 17. 28. 1 Tim. 3. 5. 1 Pet. 5. 1 2 3 4 5. Heb. 5. 17. Eph. 5. 25 26 27. Acts 9. 26 27 28. Ro. 14. 1. 1 Cor. 5. 1 6 7. 2 Cor. 2. 6. 2 Cor. 7. 11. Mat. 16. 18. Mat. 18. 15 16 17 18 19 20 Rev. 2 2. Lev. 19. 17. 1 Joh. 2. 9 10. â— 15. 1 Cor. 5. 6 9 10. 2 Thess. 3. 6. Isa. 26. 2. Ezek. 43. 12. Chap. 44. 9. Levit. 11. 44. Rom. 1. 6. 1 Cor. 1. 1 2. Chap. 12. 13. Phil 1. 4 Col. 2. 11. 2 Tim. 2. 22. Ezek 44. 1. 1 Cor. 5. 6. Heb. 12. 15 16.