me this Reason for his Question namely that if neither I my self nor those who taught me that Christianity was the only safe way to Salvation and the only way in which Heaven was to be attained was infallibly certain or were capable of any mistake or might in any possibility commit an errour in this thing then as to me Christianity could be no more then probably true and we could with no colour of Reason condemn the Jew Turk or Pagan since they were as well perswaded of their several waies as we could be of ours upon a fallible certainty and for ought we knew not having any infallible certainty for our Christianity some of them might be in the Right and we in the wrong way And how could you say to a Jew you must become a Christian if you expect to be saved when as if he Examine you strictly and closely in relation to what certaitny you have of the truth of Christianity your Answer will amount to no more then this You conceive you are in the Right and you hope and beleive you are not mistaken But it is possible you may be mistaken in this for every man is a Lyar every man and all men and every Church is fallible and subject to Error and to be mistaken Can such Arguments as these invite a Jew or Turk to become a Christian I confess I was extreamly troubled with this first difficulty and knew not how to answer it plainly and without apparent shuffling and declining the question which I plainly did by urging that if he intended to call the Religion which Christ Established in the world into question and to make a doubt of the mayn and Grand Principle of Christianity which we both of us agreed to be true I should treat no farther and that if himself doubted of the Truth of Christs Religion I was not prepared to Dispute the point This Answer seemed very strange even to my self but it seemed more strange to me that I should find my self Gravelled in such a question as was fit for every one to answer However my Opponent used me Gently and Sweetly and without the least shew of insulting over my weakness he told me that in reason I ought to answer this difficulty for replied he though it may be true and is most certainly true that the Christian Religion upon the true Grounds upon which it is founded is infallibly certain and Divine yet upon the Grounds upon which you may found your beleif thereof it may possibly not be true or certain as to you for example suppose you are told a thing by a known or common perjured person and upon his word you beleive it you cannot be certainly assured that the thing is true because such an Infamous common notorious Lyer tells you so but the thing is really to you doubtful nay more probably false then true and yet the thing in it self is true so if in the Apostles times one had beleived Christianity to be true not because the Apostles taught him so but because Simon Magus affirmed it to him in this case who sees not that such a mans faith had not been true but that the whole thing to him had been uncertain the belief of it being grounded upon a wrong Foundation which was no waies certain From all which it is evident that no Heretick can have true Faith this I shall farther prove in regard the contrary is an error broached publikely by Mr. Baxter in his Treatise against Mr. William Iohnson who hath fully silenced Mr. Baxter beyond all possibility of replying with reason in relation to this perticular the proof which I give is in this Argument Whosoever hath true Faith beleiveth the thing beleived or the material object of Faith for the Divine Authority of God revealing it But no Heretick beleiveth so Therefore no Heretick hath true Faith The Major is granted by all because Christian Faith must rest upon Gods Revelation as its formal object The Minor is proved thus whosoever beleives the material object of Faith or the thing beleived for the Divine Authority of God revealing it must beleive all things which are as sufficiently propounded to him to be revealed by God as are those Articles which he doth beleive And must beleive nothing as a Revelation of God which is as sufficiently declared to him to be erroneous or not a Revelation as the Articles of Faith are to be revealed But every Heretick either refuseth to beleive something which is so sufficiently propounded to him to be revealed from God or beleives something as a Revelation which is so sufficiently declared to him to be erroneous or not revealed from God Therefore no Heretick hath true Faith The first part of this Major is proved thus Whosoever refuseth to beleive what is so sufficiently propounded to be revealed by God either refuseth all that is so propounded or beleives some things and refuseth to beleive others as sufficiently propounded as those which he beleives If he refuseth all he can have no true Faith for he belives nothing and is therefore no Christian If he beleives some and refuseth others equally propounded then he beleives not those things which he doth beleive for the Divine Authority revealing for when two things are equally propounded to the understanding they ought to worke equally upon it but upon his own wilful choice or private judgement refuseth some and ascents to others As to the second part of the aforesaid Major viz. That no man can have true Christian Faith who beleives any thing as a Revelation which is as sufficiently propounded to him to be Erroneous as the Articles by him beleived are propounded to be Revelations the very same Authority which affirms the one denying the other Suppose the same Authority acknowledged doth sufficiently propound to a Calvenist the Articles of Faith as revealed from God and at the same time assures him that his conceit of the Popes being the great Antichrist was never revealed from God but is a manifest error in Faith In this case our Calvenist must disbeleive that propounding Authority and thereby lose his Faith in the former Articles by him beleived and have no true faith in the first or he must beleive the same Authority in the second because it is the same Authority in both For that very Authority which propounds the Articles of Faith as revealed of God propounds the other as not revealed and as contrary to Gods Revelation By all which it is most evident that if your Faith be built upon a wrong Foundation it is of no value nor doth it give you any certainty nor is it indeed Faith but Humor and Opinion This Discourse seemed to me so convincing that I could not but agree unto it and therfore I told him as a full answer to his first question that I embraced Christianity and that sort of Christianity to which I adheared in opposition to all others because the Scriptures which are Gods Word taught me so to
and treatises from whence I made several Collections the Heads of which I recommend to your considerations they being such as had by the Gracious assistance of Almighty God such a prevailing power upon my understanding as to convince me of the errors of the way wherein I then was and to bring me to the Knowledge of the Divine truths of the Catholick and Christian Faith I gathered from the true interpretation of that Text of Scripture Heb. 11. 6. Without Faith it is impossible to please God And of that Mar. 16. 16. He that beleiveth not shall be damned And of that other Ephes 4. 5. There is but one Faith and one Baptisme one Lord Iesus That the faith which was to save me and by the which I was to please God must certainly be the true Faith which cannot be found in contrary Opinions it being but One and of contraries One only can be true I also collected from that Text 2. Cor. 10. 5. Bringing into Captivity every thought to the Obedience of Christ That this Faith or beleiving was to be seated in the understanding that the understanding was to submit not dispute And that this Act To beleive was a Command or Precept of Almighty God who will have his Will obeyed by all his Subjects and the not obeying of which is punished with eternal Damnation Lastly I found from that Text Heb. 10. 23. Let us hold fast the profession of our Faith without wavering for he is faithful that hath promised That Faith if truly Divine must be an infallible assent of our understanding submitting it self obediently to beleive the Revelations of God For otherwise Faith and consequently all Religion may be no more then fancy or Opinion and then no waies certain and if so then no Obligation From whence I thought it did very naturally follow first that there must be some means appointed by God by which we may know this one true Faith from all false Opinions for to require us to beleive upon pain of Damnation and not to give us any means whereby we may know what to beleive were to require us to make Bricks without Straw Secondly that these means must be infallible for we cannot be brought to an infallible ascent by fallible and uncertain means and God would not require us to assent to an Authority which may deceive us Thirdly that the understanding must submit to these means under pain of Damnation for if the understanding were at liberty to submit or not to submit to the means by which Faith is conveyed unto us it would be no fault not to beleive consequently God could not justly damne us for not beleiving Besides whosoever shall refuse to be governed by their means and that Authority which God hath appointed to govern him is a Rebel against God Fourthly that two men of two differing Faiths or beliefs cannot be saved for they both of them knowing that they are bound to be guided and governed by those means which God hath appointed to convey faith unto them and one of them flatly refusing to submit this person who refuseth must be guilty of disobedience to Gods command and consequently cannot be saved Fifthly that ignorant people by such reasonable diligence as is very tollerable to humane frailty and very possible for them may come to the knowledge of these means For otherwise God would have appointed means which would be unprofitable to the end and the far greater number of Souls for whom Christ dyed would not be sufficiently provided for by the sweet Providence of God By which that Prophesy would be ineffectual Esay 35. Say to them that are of a fearful heart be strong fear not behold your God will come and save you then the eyes of the blind shall be opened and the Ears of the deaf unstopped c. And one high way shall be there and a way and it shall be called the Holy way the way faring men though Fooles shall not err therein And thus far I met with nothing but what I esteemed very agreeable with all sorts of people professing themselves Christians All that I ever met with seemed to grant that there must be a way and a Rule there must be means appointed there must be a governing power to judge and decide all doubts and teach us the true way to Heaven with certainty But who this Rule or Iudge is that is the difficulty for when once we have found it I think all persons will agree that they are obliged to submit unto it as to the Apostles if they were actually living or to Christ himself This therefore I thought to be the only question that I was to gain satisfaction unto I therefore ceased to enquire after this doctrine or the other Article as beleiving that if I could once find out this Rule this Judge which God had appointed as the means to direct me and to which I was to submit as to that Authority which God had appointed to Rule and Govern me to teach me what I was and what I was not to beleive I should no more scruple to beleive what that Authority should teach me to be revealed by God then if I heard God himself speaking And I was no way discouraged in my resolution to search when I considered that as God spoke in Antient times by the mouthes of his Prophets before and after the Scriptures were written and by the mouthes of his Apostles before and after the New Testament was written and that the writing of what God directed to be written did not lessen the power of God but that he might still direct by the mouthes of his Prophets and Apostles so possibly I might find God still speaking by an Authority which hitherto I had not been acquainted with I found all the Rules and meanes proposed by every party to amount to four in the whole One party would set up a claim to the Spirit directing them and speaking to their spirits Another will have Reason to be this Rule and Judge A third will set up sole Scripture And the fourth assigneth the Holy Catholick Church of Christ Visible here on Earth to be that Judge and Director And finally that medium appoynted by God himself for the ends before mentioned and to which all Christians were to submit Other then these I never heard of any for I alwaies esteemed the Quakers Light to be either the Spirit or natural Reason and I resolved to rank it under one of those considerations by a name more known to the world then that which they have given it And therefore these I resolved most carefully to examine As to the first touching the Spirit bearing witness in secret with our spirits or in plainer terms the Private Spirit I considered that there is no man in the world Jew or Turk Pagan or Christian but may if he will put on confidence enough affirme that he is taught inwardly by God many of all sorts do this and yet teach contradictions some therefore must be
do and that I beleived the Scriptures to be Gods word from the infallible testimony of Gods spirit bearing witness with my spirit that they were Gods Words and that I was fully convinced that this proceeded from the infallible testimony of Gods spirit from a certain knowledge and feeling which I had of the same within my self and in my own Conscience To all which it was mildly replyed that upon the Grounds which I had laid and whereon I founded my self it was impossible for me to be infallibly assured that this testimony which I mentioned was infallibly the testimony of the spirit of God For having granted the Protestant Principle that I was not infallible that no man or number of men was or were infallible this spirit which I talked of might for ought I knew be the spirit of error And for farther evincing thereof I was desired to reflect on these Scriptures Jer. 17. 9. The heart of Man is deceitful above all things who can know it Eccles 9. 1. No man knoweth Love or Hatred by all that is before them And to consider the strange delusion which bewitched the Angel or Bishop of Laodicea Revel 3. 17. Because thou sayest I am Rich and encreased with goods and have need of nothing and knowest not that thou art wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked How much was he deceived in his own jupgement of his own Estate In fine what would you said he answer to an Arrian or Jew or Turk should they urge the like knowledge and feeling with the like confidence to prove they were in the truth and Christianity a delusion What you would reply to them suppose as said unto your self and see if it will not satisfie In the mean time said he you seem to imply and so to grant that we ought to have an infallible certainty of what we beleive with Divine Faith this the Apostles had in the time of our blessed Saviours conversing with them upon earth they had sufficient to prevail with their wills to command their understandings into the beleif of his being God consequently infallible and consequently that whatsoever he taught was to be assented unto as infallibly true without being questioned by our little feeble limited Reasons And this was necessary for the Church then otherwise they could not have been sufficiently assured that what Christ taught them was true consequently it would not have been a sin in them to have doubted This infallible assurance also the Christians who lived in the Apostles times and after the Ascension of our Lord enjoyed they had sufficient to enduce them to a beleif that the Holy Apostles were infallible guides and reachers and that whatsoever they taught and commanded them was as infallible true as if God had immediately spoken to them the same things and no more to be doubted contradicted or disputed against by their reasons which doubtless were as good and strong as ours then the immediate words commands or dictates of Almighty God otherwise those who refused to hear and obey them had been in no fault and it would have been an unsufferable Pride and presumption in St. Paul to have required such an absolute submission to what he taught as to oblige the Christians of his time not to have beleived an Angel from Heaven teaching contrary to what he taught them Hence it is that the remaining writings for so much as we have of them of the Blessed Apostles are by all Christians esteemed as the Words of God And this was necessary in the Age after Christ for the Church of God namely in the Apostles times to have a living infallible way of direction in so much as had we then lived and had encountred with any doubts or difficulties relating to Religion and to the true meaning of what was either spoken or written by any Apostle or by all the Apostles we should without all doubt have made our immediate recourse to them some or one of them for the solving of such doubts and the explayning of such difficulties and should have received and submitted unto such solutions as made by God himself without ever interposing our own reasons or senses in opposition This we see was the course taken in the fifteenth of the Acts when certain doubts were arisen amongst Christians the Apostles met in a Council they considered the things they determined with an It seemeth good unto the Holy Ghost and to us Their Decrees and Canons were obeyed and submitted unto by the whole and the Disputes were at an end But suppose some dispute had arisen touching the sence and meaning even of some of those Decrees must not it have been interprited by some judicial Authority Doubtless yes And questionless the then Christians would have appealed or applyed to the same Authority that made those Canons and Decrees for the interpretation of them and would have submitted to such interpretations otherwise it would have been with the Primative Christians then as it is with you now every one would have framed his own interpretation those who had been Masters of the greatest Wit power or interest would have framed Parties or Churches to themselves and in fine the Sword of the Flesh and not the Spirit of God must have given the Rule and Law to Christianity they would have been so far from any possibility of maintaining The Unity of the spirit in the bond of Peace from being One body that they would have divided into as many parts to speak without grateing as you now are and have gone to Cuffs and raised Wars for the decideing of Controversies as we have seen you do since you divided your selves from the Holy Catholick Church of Christ It is not hard for you to imagine into what confusion these Discourses put my poor soul to hear such things so great evidences of Reason produced by a private Gentleman of that party whom I had beleived so ignorant I had oftentimes in Disputations both publickly and privately encountred and I thought worsted several of the English Clergy in those points wherein I differed from them But I found nothing now to say against these Principles which I had yet hitherto supposed the most ridiculous that any people could imagine to set up Well I could no longer contest but resolved to have recourse unto Almighty God by Prayer for his Divine Assistance and to make it my business according to the utmost of my poor skill and understanding to take a full view of the Grand Principles of the Catholick Faith and of Christianity and laying aside all Prejudices Pride and Humour I resolved by the assistance of God to embrace and submit unto whatsoever I should understand to be most agreeable with his most holy will and pleasure without taking any regard to worldly interest or the censures of men which I had reason to beleive would run high against me And the better to enable me in this search and examination I borrowed from this Gentleman several books
deceived therfore this not the Rule Nor hath this any effect amongst those who pretend it for by this none of them ever as yet reconciled any differences but each pretender grows perverse and obstinate and seperates from all who pretend to have the spirit as well as himself and so endless Heresies and Schisms arise without any possibility to allay them or for either the Learned or the Ignorant to judge which of these bold pretenders hath a true spirit In the mean time it will not possibly be hard for a sober man to find that they are all of them governed by the Spirit of Error who pretend thus audaciously if he considers well the Rule which St. Iohn gives for discerning the spirit of truth from the spirit of error 1 Ioh. 4. 6. v. We are of God he that knoweth God heareth us he that is not of God heareth not us Hereby know we the Spirit of Truth from the Spirit of Error As if he should have said Christ hath placed Apostles and Teachers and Doctors to govern and teach his Church we are those and therefore of God therefore whoever pretends to know the Will of God must hear and obey and submit unto us or it is evident what he saith is but a pretence and he doth not indeed know God nor is he of God for if he did know God or were of God he would certainly hear us Here therefore is your Rule to know true from false spirits The spirit of truth is alwaies remaining with that Authority which God hath placed in the World to teach truth to the world and bring them to the Faith and all that are actuated and lead by this spirit are taught by it to submit to this Authority and to hear those whom God hath sent and doth send by this Authority since Faith only comes by hearing those who are truly sent but the spirit of error is a spirit of Pride which refuseth to submit to that Authority which God hath set up and heaping to themselves Teachers having itching eares turn away their ears from the Truth 1 Tim. 4. v. 3. 4. By this I saw that although the Rule and the Judge which I looked for must have the assistance and influence of the Holy Ghost the Spirit of Truth yet it could not be every private man or woman who laid claim to such influences and who could no more satisfie another that they are guided by the Spirit of Truth then many who are cast into Bedlam for affirming themselves to be God can evince themselves to be so and whose affirmations for ought I know are as concluding as the other In this therefore I was satisfied The next thing which I considered was Reason which I found could not possibly be this Rule and Judge that I sought for because first it was to submit as a Subject and Vassall to that Rule and Judge therefore it could not be it Secondly it was fallible and strangely apt to mistake which is against the Nature of this Rule and Judge to be For if God should obliege us upon pain of damnation to submit unto and to be governed ruled by an Authority that might deceive us and might teach us that for a truth which is not we should be bound to beleive that for true which is not so and yet be damned for not beleiving the truth Thirdly if Reason were to be this Rule and Judge then it would follow contrary to the Scripture that it is not impossible to please God without Faith for Reason would teach us sufficiently how to please God yea it would be a breach of this rule to beleive what we do not understand and then every Religion would be the truth consequently contradictions would be true consequently there would be many Religions and not only not one faith but no faith at all for there is scarce a man living but his reason differs from anothers understandings and judgements differing as much as Faces and Reason excludes faith Therefore no one that followes his own Reason could in justice be condemned by God consequently all men would be saved unless peradventure you will say that in a business of such consequence as the salvation of our souls our private Reason perswades us to prefer the Authority of such as are wiser then our selves before our own judgements which is most true But then I inferr that Roman Catholicks are the most rational people in the world and consequently have the best Religion as acting most conformably to Reason for they rely upon the Authority of General Councels consisting of the ablest and most Learned men of all Nations which is the greatest Authority to be found on earth especially if they have the assistance of the Holy Ghost as it appears they have both by the testimony of Scripture and the constant tradition of all Ages Lastly that would probably be the truth and the true faith to one man this year which seven years hence would be an error and a false faith to the same person for in such a compass of time a mans reason hath such an alteration Upon these grounds I concluded that certainly God in his good Providence had appointed a more sure Guide Rule and Judge to bring me to the infallible faith of Christianity then my own Reason The next thing in order to be considered was the Scriptures whether these were solely sufficient to teach us the true Faith and from time to time to direct Rule and Govern us and to be this Rule and Jude to whose sentence and determination to whose directions and Authority all were to submit and which was to supply unto us the place of Christ and the Apostles And indeed I found this highly contended for and several Reasons urged for it First the words of our Saviour Joh. 5. 39. Search the Scriptures for in them ye think ye have Eternal Life and they are they which testify of me But to this I found several answers given which to me were a satisfaction For first it doth not appear whether this in the Original be the Imparative or Indicative Mood St. Ciril with whom Beza agrees takes it in the Indicative Mood and then the sence runs thus You do search the Scriptures because in them you have an Opinion that you have Eternal Life and yet even those Scriptures are so far from being against me that they testify of me so that I shall be no waies prejudiced if I should joyne issue with you and try my cause by your own Rule And in this sence they are so far from proving what they are produced for that they prove directly the contrary they are so far from being a command to all to read or search or make Scripture the sole Rule and Judge that they rather seem a reprehension to all who shall frame that conceit of the Scriptures Secondly these words cannot extend to prove this conclusion if they were in the Imparative Mood which can never be proved infallibly because they
cannot be profitable to work Faith in those who cannot read who are the far greater part of mankind Thirdly this cannot be the sence of these words because they would then have excluded Christ Jesus himself and after him his Apostles from being the Infallible means by which true faith was to be taught to the world and who were doubtless in their time the infallible Judges for the deciding of all Controversies and the determining true Faith from false Opinions and to whose judgements all upon pain of Damnation were to submit The second Reason urged for sole Scripture was 2 Tim. 3. v. 15. 16. From a child thou hast known the Holy Scriptures which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through Faith which is in Christ Jesus All Scripture is given by Inspiration of God and is profitable for doctrine for Reproof for Correction for Instruction in Righteousness that the man of God may be perfect thoroughly furnished to all good works But I found that neither would this Text so much and indeed so totally relyed upon serve as a proof for what it was pretended namely to prove that the Scripture alone was the way the Rule the Means the governing power appointed by God to judge and to decide all doubts and to teach us the true Faith and the true way to Heaven with certainty The Reasons why this Text would not prove this were these First that which is spoken there of Scriptures is that they were able through or by faith in Christ Iesus to make wise and that they are profitable to the ends there mentioned But this Profitable is not sole sufficient and this Able through or by Faith is not solely able but supposeth Faith already and therefore pretends not that they are the means preceding faith to beget faith It was agreed by all that the Scriptures to one that had faith already and to the Man of God who would submit to such Interpretations of Scriptures as God should teach him and hold forth unto him by that Authority which God had appointed to Guide Rule Teach and Govern him and to whom God had appointed him to submit were extreamly profitable and able to make him wise unto salvation But to one who had not the faith and who did not already beleive them to be the word of God they were no way useful or profitable for faith comes by hearing not by reading Secondly those Scriptures here meant were those which St. Timothy had known from his youth which were the Old Testament only consequently by this Rule they are solely sufficient consequently the New Testament at the best not necessary nor the Preaching of Christ or the Apostles nor the Sacraments of the New Testament so that this Scripture either proves too much if admitted in the sence for which it is produced or it proves nothing to this purpose Thirdly the word All Scripture must signifie either every Scripture as the Original word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ought to be rendred or All the Scriptures that ever were or All the Scriptures that were when this Text was written or All the Scriptures that we now have If it be every Scripture then it proves too much and consequently nothing to the present intent for then all the Scriptures save only one book are useless If it be All that ever were we have them not as I shall shew hereafter consequently our rule is maymed and God hath not given us sufficient means for the ends proposed If All the Scriptures that were when this Text was written then at least all that have been written since were superfluous at least not necessary If All that we now only have and that the Apostle foresaw what would come to our hands in England I would gladly have some assurance why the Text must be thus understood and no otherwise In fine if from those words of our dearest Lord These things I say that ye might be saved Joh. 5. 34. We are not to conclude that those very words or things then spoke were sole sufficient for Salvation but only that they were conducing to our salvation so from neither of the Texts before urged or any other that can be urged can we conclude that the Scriptures are solely sufficient but only that they are conducing to our salvation and that the directions therein included if followed truly and according to the intent of the Holy Gost are able to make him who is already a good Christian wise unto salvation And now that I clearly found that no Arguments which were urged for the sole sufficiency of Scripture and to prove that the Scripture alone is this infallible judge or rule or means appointed by God as aforesaid did prove the Scriptures to be so or satisfie the point for which they were produced I resolved to see what could be said against this common general Opinion of all who oppose the Church of Rome why the Scriptures could not be this Rule and Judge The first reason that I found was that it did never yet appear to answer this end for those who pretend the most to consult the Scriptures do most of all men disagree in matters of faith and in interpreting these Scriptures Luther the first beginner of Protestants gathered a Flock of followers which divided into several other sub-divisions contradicting each other So Iohn Calvin raysed a party in Geneva of whom Luther saith expresly Tom. 7. Fo. 380. I scarce ever read of a more deformed Heresy which presently in the beginning was divided into so many heads such a number of Sects not one like another and such variety and disagreeing of Opinions And have we not divisions enough in this poor Kingdome and amongst those who call themselves Protestants Are there not besides the Church of England which I pretend not to treat of because established Presbyterians Independents Anabaptists Fifth Monarchy men Quakers c. Maintaining Doctrines contrary to each other Do not all or most of these pretend the Scriptures alone to be the Rule and Judge and doth this Rule or Judge answer the end for which they pretend it was delivered to the World I remember it is excellently well inferred by the Learned Author of the Book Intituled Fiat Lux That it is impossible for any one of these partyes which I must now crave leave to call Sects with reason to censure or condemn any of the others although never so different from themselves even in points by them esteemed fundamentals since each of them have their uncontroulable Plea for themselves that their faith is in every respect conformable to what they understand to be the true sence and meaning of the Scriptures which they all agree to be the sole and only Rule and Judge Nay which of these Parties can deny the others the Title of Protestant or convince them of Heresy since to be a Protestant no more is required or if it be I would gladly know what it is then to admit of the Scriptures interpeted according