Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	write_v	writing_n	year_n	42	3	4.0632	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66045	An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins ...	Wilkins, John, 1614-1672.; Wilkins, John, 1614-1672. Alphabetical dictionary.	1668 (1668)	Wing W2196; Wing W2176_CANCELLED; ESTC R21115	531,738	644

not_o so_o ancient_a as_o language_n therefore_o be_v they_o not_o of_o so_o numerous_a kind_n several_a nation_n take_v up_o the_o use_n of_o letter_n from_o their_o neighbour_n and_o adapt_a they_o to_o their_o own_o tongue_n thus_o the_o spanish_a french_a italian_a german_n british_a english_a irish_a etc._n etc._n do_v all_o of_o they_o use_v the_o same_o latin_a character_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o have_v none_o of_o their_o own_o before_o they_o learn_v this_o of_o the_o roman_n the_o coptic_n or_o egyptian_a character_n ever_o since_o egypt_n come_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o macedon_n have_v be_v the_o greek_a except_v only_o seven_o letter_n proper_a to_o their_o tongue_n which_o the_o greek_a alphabet_n do_v not_o sufficient_o express_v the_o muscovite_n likewise_o and_o the_o russian_n the_o georgian_n and_o jacobins_n do_v use_v the_o greek_a character_n the_o persian_n and_o turk_n use_v the_o arabic_a though_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o tongue_n do_v not_o always_o remain_v the_o same_o but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o like_a fate_n and_o mutability_n to_o which_o language_n be_v expose_v beside_o this_o common_a way_n of_o write_v by_o the_o ordinary_a letter_n the_o ancient_n have_v sometime_o use_v to_o communicate_v by_o other_o note_n iv._o which_o be_v either_o for_o secrecy_n or_o brevity_n 1._o for_o secrecy_n such_o be_v the_o egyptian_a hieroglyphic_n as_o they_o be_v common_o esteem_v be_v the_o representation_n of_o certain_a live_a creature_n and_o other_o body_n whereby_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o conceal_v from_o the_o vulgar_a the_o mystery_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o these_o worth_n the_o enquiry_n the_o discovery_n that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o make_v out_o of_o they_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o insignificant_a they_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o slight_a imperfect_a invention_n suitable_a to_o those_o first_o and_o rude_a age_n 1._o much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o mexican_n way_n of_o write_v by_o picture_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a shift_n they_o be_v put_v to_o for_o want_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o questionable_a whether_o the_o egyptian_n do_v not_o at_o first_o use_v their_o hieroglyphic_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n namely_o for_o the_o want_n of_o letter_n those_o way_n of_o write_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o abbot_n trithemius_n be_v likewise_o for_o occult_a or_o secret_a communication_n and_o though_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v suspect_v and_o accuse_v he_o to_o have_v thereby_o deliver_v the_o art_n of_o magic_n or_o conjure_v yet_o he_o be_v sufficient_o clear_v and_o vindicate_v from_o any_o such_o prejudice_n in_o that_o very_a learned_a and_o ingenious_a discourse_n de_fw-fr cryptographia_fw-la under_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o gustavus_n selenus_n by_o which_o the_o noble_a author_n the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n do_v disguise_v his_o true_a name_n of_o augustus_n lunaeburgicus_fw-la 2._o for_o brevity_n there_o be_v single_a letter_n or_o mark_n whereby_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o express_v whole_a word_n ennius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v invent_v 1100_o of_o these_o to_o which_o number_n tullius_n tyro_n cicero_n libertus_fw-la other_o say_z cicero_z himself_o add_v divers_a other_o polygraphia_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o particle_n of_o speech_n after_o who_o philargyrus_n the_o samian_n and_o macaenas_n add_v yet_o more_o after_o these_o annaeus_n seneca_n be_v say_v to_o have_v labour_v in_o the_o regulate_a and_o digest_v of_o those_o former_a note_n to_o which_o add_v many_o of_o his_o own_o he_o augment_v the_o whole_a number_n to_o 5000_o publish_v by_o janus_n gruterus_n though_o among_o his_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o a_o late_a invention_n relate_v to_o christian_a institution_n which_o have_v be_v add_v since_o as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o s._n cyprian_n the_o martyr_n the_o way_n of_o write_v by_o these_o do_v require_v a_o vast_a memory_n and_o labour_n yet_o it_o be_v far_o short_a of_o express_v all_o thing_n and_o notion_n and_o beside_o have_v no_o provision_n for_o grammatical_a variation_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v that_o short-hand-writing_n by_o character_n so_o frequent_a with_o we_o in_o england_n and_o much_o wonder_v at_o by_o foreiner_n which_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n for_o speed_n and_o swiftness_n in_o writing_n those_o who_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o be_v able_a this_o way_n to_o take_v any_o ordinary_a discourse_n verbatim_o beside_o these_o there_o have_v be_v some_o other_o proposal_n and_o attempt_n about_o a_o real_a universal_a character_n that_o shall_v not_o signify_v word_n v._o but_o thing_n and_o notion_n and_o consequent_o may_v be_v legible_a by_o any_o nation_n in_o their_o own_o tongue_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a design_n of_o this_o treatise_n that_o such_o a_o real_a character_n be_v possible_a and_o have_v be_v reckon_v by_o learned_a man_n among_o the_o desiderata_fw-la be_v easy_a to_o make_v out_o by_o abundance_n of_o testimony_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o piso_n mention_n to_o be_v somewhere_o the_o wish_n of_o galen_n 3._o that_o some_o way_n may_v be_v find_v out_o to_o represent_v thing_n by_o such_o peculiar_a sign_n and_o name_n as_o shall_v express_v their_o nature_n ut_fw-la sophistis_fw-la eriperetur_fw-la decertandi_fw-la &_o calumniandi_fw-la occasio_fw-la there_o be_v several_a other_o passage_n to_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o learned_a verulam_n in_o vossius_fw-la 4._o in_o hermannus_n hugo_n etc._n etc._n beside_o what_o be_v common_o report_v of_o the_o man_n of_o china_n who_o do_v now_o and_o have_v for_o many_o age_n use_v such_o a_o general_a character_n by_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o large_a kingdom_n many_o of_o they_o of_o different_a tongue_n do_v communicate_v with_o one_o another_o every_o one_o understand_v this_o common_a character_n and_o read_v it_o in_o his_o own_o language_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o variety_n of_o letter_n be_v a_o appendix_n to_o the_o curse_n of_o babel_n namely_o the_o multitude_n and_o variety_n of_o language_n and_o therefore_o for_o any_o man_n to_o go_v about_o to_o add_v to_o their_o number_n will_v be_v but_o like_o the_o invent_v of_o a_o disease_n for_o which_o he_o can_v expect_v but_o little_a thanks_o from_o the_o world_n but_o this_o consideration_n ought_v to_o be_v no_o discouragement_n for_o suppose_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o be_v here_o propose_v can_v be_v well_o establish_v it_o will_v be_v the_o sure_a remedy_n that_o can_v be_v against_o the_o curse_n of_o the_o confusion_n by_o render_v all_o other_o language_n and_o character_n useless_a it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o alphabet_n now_o in_o be_v be_v invent_v at_o once_o or_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n but_o rather_o that_o all_o except_o the_o hebrew_n vi_o be_v take_v up_o by_o imitation_n and_o past_a by_o degree_n through_o several_a change_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v less_o complete_a and_o liable_a to_o several_a exception_n the_o hebrew_n character_n as_o to_o the_o shape_n of_o it_o though_o it_o appear_v solemn_a and_o grave_a yet_o have_v it_o not_o its_o letter_n sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o and_o withal_o it_o appear_v somewhat_o harsh_a and_o rugged_a the_o arabic_a character_n though_o it_o show_v beautiful_a yet_o be_v it_o too_o elaborate_a and_o take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n and_o can_v well_o be_v write_v small_a the_o greek_a and_o the_o latin_a be_v both_o of_o they_o graceful_a and_o indifferent_a easy_a though_o not_o without_o their_o several_a imperfection_n as_o for_o the_o aethiopic_n it_o have_v no_o less_o than_o 202_o letter_n in_o its_o alphabet_n namely_o 7_o vowel_n which_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o one_o of_o their_o 26_o consonant_n to_o which_o they_o add_v 20_o other_o aspirate_v syllable_n all_o their_o character_n be_v exceed_o complicate_v and_o perplex_v and_o much_o more_o difficult_a than_o those_o propose_v in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n for_o the_o express_v of_o thing_n and_o notion_n sinensis_n this_o be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o tartarian_a that_o every_o character_n with_o they_o be_v a_o syllable_n have_v each_o of_o the_o vowel_n join_v to_o its_o consonant_a as_o la_o le_fw-fr li_z etc._n etc._n which_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o long_a and_o troublesome_a alphabet_n but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n to_o animadvert_v upon_o these_o tongue_n that_o be_v less_o know_v so_o much_o as_o those_o with_o which_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v better_o acquaint_v chap._n iu._n i._n the_o defect_n in_o the_o common_a alphabet_n as_o to_o their_o true_a order_n ii_o just_a number_n iii_o determinate_a power_n iv._o fit_v name_n v._o proper_a figure_n of_o the_o letter_n vi_o the_o imperfection_n belong_v to_o the_o word_n of_o language_n as_o to_o their_o equivocalness_n variety_n of_o

monday_n 13_o the_o of_o april_n 1668._o at_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n ordered_n that_o the_o discourse_n present_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n entitle_v a_o essay_n towards_o a_o real_a character_n and_o philosophical_a language_n be_v print_v by_o the_o printer_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n brouncker_n presi_n a_o essay_n towards_o a_o real_a character_n and_o a_o philosophical_a language_n by_o john_n wilkins_n d.d._n dean_n of_o ripon_n and_o fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n nullius_n in_o verba_fw-la london_n print_v for_o sa_n gellibrand_n and_o for_o john_n martin_n printer_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n 1668._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n lord_n viscount_n brouncker_fw-ge precedent_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o council_n and_o fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n my_o lord_n i_o now_o at_o length_n present_a to_o your_o lordship_n those_o paper_n i_o have_v draw_v up_o concern_v a_o real_a character_n and_o a_o philosophical_a language_n which_o by_o several_a order_n of_o the_o society_n have_v be_v require_v of_o me._n i_o have_v be_v the_o long_o about_o it_o partly_o because_o it_o require_v some_o considerable_a time_n to_o reduce_v the_o collection_n i_o have_v by_o i_o to_o this_o purpose_n into_o a_o tolerable_a order_n and_o partly_o because_o when_o this_o work_n be_v do_v in_o write_v and_o the_o impression_n of_o it_o well_o nigh_o finish_v it_o happen_v among_o many_o other_o better_a thing_n to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o late_a dreadful_a fire_n by_o which_o all_o that_o be_v print_v except_v only_o two_o copy_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o unprint_v original_a be_v destroy_v the_o repair_n of_o which_o have_v take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o my_o time_n ever_o since_o i_o mention_v this_o by_o way_n of_o apology_n for_o that_o slackness_n and_o delay_n i_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o in_o my_o obedience_n to_o your_o order_n i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a as_o to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v here_o complete_o finish_v this_o great_a undertake_n with_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o which_o such_o a_o design_n be_v capable_a nor_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_o i_o so_o diffident_a of_o this_o essay_n as_o not_o to_o believe_v it_o sufficient_a for_o the_o business_n to_o which_o it_o pretend_v namely_o the_o distinct_a expression_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o notion_n that_o fall_v under_o discourse_n i_o be_o sensible_a of_o sundry_a defect_n in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o therefore_o will_v make_v it_o my_o humble_a motion_n to_o your_o lordship_n and_o this_o society_n that_o you_o will_v by_o your_o order_n appoint_v some_o of_o our_o number_n thorough_o to_o examine_v &_o consider_v the_o whole_a and_o to_o offer_v their_o thought_n concern_v what_o they_o judge_v fit_a to_o be_v amend_v in_o it_o particular_o in_o those_o table_n that_o concern_v the_o species_n of_o natural_a body_n which_o if_o they_o be_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v yet_o know_v and_o discover_v distinct_o reduce_v and_o describe_v this_o will_v very_o much_o promote_v and_o facilitate_v the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v one_o great_a end_n of_o your_o institution_n and_o beside_o the_o range_v of_o these_o thing_n into_o such_o a_o order_n as_o the_o society_n shall_v approve_v will_v afford_v a_o very_a good_a method_n for_o your_o repository_n both_o for_o the_o disposal_n of_o what_o you_o have_v already_o and_o the_o supply_n of_o what_o you_o want_v towards_o the_o complete_n of_o that_o collection_n so_o generous_o begin_v of_o late_a by_o the_o bounty_n of_o m_o r._n daniel_n collwal_n a_o worthy_a member_n of_o this_o society_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o in_o a_o very_a short_a space_n you_o will_v have_v the_o most_o useful_a repository_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v no_o easy_a undertake_n to_o enumerate_v all_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o in_o such_o a_o design_n but_o the_o business_n of_o defining_n be_v among_o all_o other_o the_o most_o nice_a and_o difficult_a must_v needs_o render_v it_o a_o very_a hard_a task_n for_o any_o one_o to_o attempt_v the_o do_v of_o this_o for_o all_o kind_n of_o thing_n notion_n and_o word_n which_o yet_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o design_n here_o propose_v upon_o which_o account_n i_o may_v be_v excuse_v for_o be_v so_o solicitous_a about_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o in_o these_o matter_n because_o of_o their_o great_a difficulty_n and_o importance_n the_o complete_n of_o such_o a_o design_n be_v rather_o the_o work_n of_o a_o college_n and_o a_o age_n then_o of_o any_o single_a person_n i_o mean_v the_o combine_a study_n of_o many_o student_n among_o who_o the_o several_a share_n of_o such_o a_o work_n shall_v be_v distribute_v and_o that_o for_o so_o long_a a_o course_n of_o time_n wherein_o sufficient_a experiment_n may_v be_v make_v of_o it_o by_o practice_n it_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v that_o famous_a italian_a academy_n style_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr crusca_n consist_v of_o many_o choice_a man_n of_o great_a learning_n that_o they_o bestow_v forty_o year_n in_o finish_v their_o vocabulary_a and_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v that_o those_o great_a wit_n of_o the_o french_a academy_n do_v begin_v their_o dictionary_n in_o the_o year_n 1639._o and_o for_o the_o hasten_v of_o the_o work_n do_v distribute_v the_o part_n of_o it_o among_o several_a committee_n and_o yet_o that_o undertake_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v understand_v far_a enough_o from_o be_v finish_v now_o if_o those_o famous_a assembly_n consist_v of_o the_o great_a wit_n of_o their_o age_n and_o nation_n do_v judge_v this_o work_n of_o dictionary-making_a for_o the_o polish_n of_o their_o language_n worthy_a of_o their_o unite_a labour_n and_o study_n certain_o then_o the_o design_n here_o propose_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v think_v unworthy_a of_o such_o assistance_n it_o be_v as_o much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o as_o thing_n be_v better_a than_o word_n as_o real_a knowledge_n be_v beyond_o elegancy_n of_o speech_n as_o the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v beyond_o that_o of_o any_o particular_a country_n or_o nation_n i_o be_o very_o sensible_a that_o the_o most_o useful_a invention_n do_v at_o their_o first_o appearance_n make_v but_o a_o very_a slow_a progress_n in_o the_o world_n unless_o help_v forward_o by_o some_o particular_a advantage_n logarithm_n be_v a_o invention_n of_o excellent_a art_n and_o usefulness_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o considerable_a time_n before_o the_o learned_a man_n in_o other_o part_n do_v so_o far_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o as_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o use_n the_o art_n of_o shorthand_n be_v in_o its_o kind_n a_o ingenious_a device_n and_o of_o considerable_a usefulness_n applicable_a to_o any_o language_n much_o wonder_v at_o by_o traveller_n that_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o it_o in_o england_n and_o yet_o though_o it_o be_v above_o threescore_o year_n since_o it_o be_v first_o invent_v it_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v learn_v bring_v into_o common_a practice_n in_o any_o other_o nation_n and_o there_o be_v reason_n enough_o to_o expect_v the_o like_a fate_n for_o the_o design_n here_o propose_v the_o only_a expedient_a i_o can_v think_v of_o against_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v send_v abroad_o into_o the_o world_n with_o the_o reputation_n of_o have_v be_v consider_v and_o approve_v of_o by_o such_o a_o society_n as_o this_o which_o may_v provoke_v at_o least_o the_o learned_a part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o to_o give_v it_o such_o encouragement_n as_o it_o shall_v appear_v to_o deserve_v and_o if_o upon_o such_o a_o amendment_n and_o recommendation_n by_o this_o society_n the_o design_n here_o propose_v shall_v happen_v to_o come_v into_o common_a use_n it_o will_v requite_v the_o honour_n you_o bestow_v upon_o it_o with_o abundant_a interest_n the_o be_v instrumental_a in_o any_o such_o discovery_n as_o do_v tend_v to_o the_o universal_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v sufficient_a not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o author_n of_o it_o famous_a but_o also_o the_o time_n and_o place_n wherein_o they_o live_v he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o estimate_v that_o judgement_n inflict_v on_o mankind_n in_o the_o curse_n of_o the_o confusion_n with_o all_o the_o unhappy_a consequence_n of_o it_o may_v thereby_o judge_v what_o great_a advantage_n and_o benefit_n there_o will_v be_v in_o a_o remedy_n against_o it_o man_n be_v content_a to_o bestow_v much_o time_n and_o pain_n in_o the_o study_n of_o language_n in_o order_n to_o their_o more_o easy_a converse_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n it_o be_v say_v of_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n that_o he_o be_v skill_v in_o two_o and_o twenty_o

that_o place_n in_o nehem._n 8.7_o 8._o where_o we_o find_v the_o priest_n upon_o read_v of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o people_n after_o their_o come_n out_o of_o babylon_n be_v fain_o to_o expound_v it_o distinct_o to_o they_o and_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o the_o common_a people_n by_o long_a disuse_n be_v grow_v stranger_n to_o the_o language_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v so_o in_o our_o saviour_n time_n the_o unlearned_a jew_n who_o vulgar_a tongue_n the_o syriac_n be_v can_v not_o understand_v those_o part_n of_o moses_n and_o the_o prophet_n read_v to_o they_o in_o hebrew_n every_o sabbath-day_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o public_a speech_n and_o declaration_n of_o any_o learned_a man_n who_o occasional_o come_v into_o the_o synagogue_n after_o the_o read_n of_o the_o law_n 13.15_o though_o neither_o priest_n nor_o levite_n nor_o scribe_n yet_o be_v it_o ordinary_a for_o they_o to_o expound_v unto_o the_o people_n the_o meaning_n of_o those_o portion_n of_o scripture_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v read_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n which_o the_o people_n do_v not_o understand_v and_o to_o render_v their_o meaning_n in_o syriac_n which_o be_v their_o vulgar_a tongue_n as_o for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o pure_a hebrew_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v which_o be_v only_o that_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o express_v what_o be_v there_o intend_a yet_o it_o be_v so_o exceed_o defective_a in_o many_o other_o word_n requisite_a to_o humane_a discourse_n that_o the_o rabbin_n be_v fain_o to_o borrow_v word_n from_o many_o other_o language_n greek_a latin_a spanish_a etc._n etc._n as_o may_v appear_v at_o large_a in_o buxtorf_n lexicon_n rabbinicum_n and_o a_o particular_a discourse_n write_v to_o this_o very_a purpose_n by_o david_n cohen_n de_fw-fr lara_n and_o from_o the_o several_a defect_n and_o imperfection_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o this_o language_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v concreated_n with_o our_o first_o parent_n and_o speak_v by_o adam_n in_o paradise_n what_o other_o variety_n of_o tongue_n there_o have_v be_v or_o be_v in_o asia_n afric_n or_o america_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o inquire_v chap._n ii_o i._o concern_v the_o various_a change_n and_o corruption_n to_o which_o all_o vulgar_a language_n be_v obnoxious_a ii_o particular_o concern_v the_o change_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n iii_o whether_o any_o language_n former_o in_o use_n be_v now_o whole_o lose_v iv._o concern_v the_o first_o rise_v and_o occasion_n of_o new_a language_n there_o be_v three_o queres_fw-la which_o may_v deserve_v some_o far_a disquisition_n i._o 1._o whether_o the_o pure_a of_o those_o mother-tongue_n which_o yet_o remain_v be_v not_o now_o much_o change_v from_o what_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o confusion_n 2._o whether_o and_o how_o any_o of_o the_o mother-tongue_n have_v be_v quite_o lose_v since_o the_o confusion_n 3._o whether_o and_o how_o other_o new_a language_n have_v since_o arisen_a in_o the_o world_n 1._o to_o the_o first_o beside_o the_o common_a fate_n and_o corruption_n to_o which_o language_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o humane_a thing_n be_v subject_a there_o be_v many_o other_o particular_a cause_n which_o may_v occasion_v such_o a_o change_n the_o mixture_n with_o other_o nation_n in_o commerce_n marriage_n in_o regal_a family_n which_o do_v usual_o bring_v some_o common_a word_n into_o a_o court_n fashion_n that_o affectation_n incident_a to_o some_o eminent_a man_n in_o all_o age_n of_o coin_v new_a word_n and_o alter_v the_o common_a form_n of_o speech_n for_o great_a elegance_n the_o necessity_n of_o make_v other_o word_n according_a as_o new_a thing_n and_o invention_n be_v discover_v beside_o the_o law_n of_o foreign_a conquest_n usual_o extend_v to_o letter_n and_o speech_n as_o well_o as_o territory_n the_o victor_n common_o endeavour_v to_o propagate_v his_o own_o language_n as_o far_o as_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a be_v so_o universal_o know_v and_o when_o a_o nation_n be_v overspread_v with_o several_a colony_n of_o foreiner_n though_o this_o do_v not_o always_o prevail_v to_o abolish_v the_o former_a language_n yet_o if_o they_o make_v any_o long_a abode_n this_o must_v needs_o make_v such_o a_o considerable_a change_n and_o mixture_n of_o speech_n as_o will_v very_o much_o alter_v it_o from_o its_o original_a purity_n those_o learned_a language_n which_o have_v now_o cease_v to_o be_v vulgar_a and_o remain_v only_o in_o book_n by_o which_o the_o purity_n of_o they_o be_v regulate_v may_v whilst_o those_o book_n be_v extant_a and_o study_v continue_v the_o same_o without_o change_n but_o all_o language_n that_o be_v vulgar_a as_o those_o learned_a one_o former_o be_v be_v upon_o the_o forementioned_a occasion_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o alteration_n that_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v quite_o another_o thing_n then_o what_o they_o be_v at_o first_o 6._o the_o liturgy_n of_o s._n basil_n and_o s._n chrysostom_n which_o be_v yet_o use_v in_o the_o greek_a church_n in_o their_o public_a worship_n the_o one_o for_o solemn_a the_o other_o for_o common_a day_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n unintelligible_a to_o that_o people_n so_o much_o be_v the_o vulgar_a greek_a degenerate_v from_o its_o former_a purity_n 3._o and_o polybius_n testify_v that_o the_o article_n of_o truce_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n can_v scarce_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o most_o learned_a roman_a antiquary_n 350_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o their_o make_n ii_o if_o any_o english_a man_n shall_v now_o write_v or_o speak_v as_o our_o forefather_n do_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o year_n past_a preface_n we_o shall_v as_o little_o understand_v he_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n of_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v several_a proof_n by_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o my_o present_a design_n of_o brevity_n what_o the_o saxon_n language_n be_v at_o their_o first_o arrival_n into_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 440_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o change_n and_o difference_n of_o it_o have_v be_v somewhat_o proportionable_a in_o several_a age_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o the_o lord_n prayer_n in_o english_a be_v thus_o render_v uren_n fader_fw-mi thic_n be_v in_o heofna_n sic_fw-la gehalgud_v thin_a noma_n 23._o to_o cyme_v thin_a ric_n sic_fw-la thin_a willa_fw-la sue_v be_v in_o heofna_n and_o in_fw-la eortho_fw-la uren_n hlaf_fw-mi ofer_n wirtlic_fw-mi sell_v we_o to_o daeg_fw-la and_o forget_v we_o scylda_fw-la urna_fw-la sue_v we_o forgefen_v scyldgum_fw-la urum_fw-la and_o no_o inlead_v usith_v in_o custnung_a ah_o gefrig_n urich_v from_o ifle_n amen_n about_o 200_o year_n after_o it_o be_v change_v thus_o thu_n ure_n fader_fw-mi the_o eart_n on_o heofenum_fw-la si_fw-mi thin_a nama_fw-la gehalgod_n cu_z thin_a ric_n si_fw-mi thin_a willa_fw-la on_o eorthen_a swa_o swa_fw-mi on_o heofenum_fw-la monument_n syle_n we_o to_o daeg_fw-la urn_n daegthanlican_n hlaf_fw-mi and_o forgif_v we_o ure_n gylta_n swa_o swa_fw-mi we_o forgifath_o tham_fw-mi the_o with_o we_o agyltath_n and_o ne_v lead_v the_o we_o on_o costnung_a ac_fw-la aly_n we_o from_o yfle_n si_fw-mi it_o swa_fw-mi about_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v render_v in_o the_o saxon_a gospel_n say_v to_o be_v translate_v by_o king_n alfred_n after_o this_o manner_n faeder_n ure_n thu_o the_o earth_n on_o heofenum_fw-la si_fw-la thin_a nama_fw-la gehalgod_n to_o be_v cume_v thin_a rice_n gewurthe_n thin_a willa_n on_o eorthan_fw-ge swa_fw-mi swa_fw-mi on_o heofnum_fw-la urn_n ge_fw-mi daeghwanlican_n hlaf_fw-mi syle_n we_o to_o daeg_fw-la and_o forgyf_v we_o ure_n gylta_n swa_fw-mi swa_fw-mi we_o forgivath_v urum_fw-la gyltendum_fw-la and_o ne_fw-fr gelaedde_n thu_fw-mi we_o on_o costnung_a ac_fw-la alyse_n we_o of_o yfle_n about_o 260_o year_n after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 2_o d_o it_o be_v render_v thus_o and_o send_v over_o by_o pope_n adrian_n a_o englishman_n turn_v into_o metre_n that_o the_o people_n may_v more_o easy_o learn_v and_o remember_v it_o ure_n fadyr_n in_o heaven_n rich_a thy_o name_n be_v hally_v ever_o lich_o thou_o bring_v we_o thy_o michell_n bliss_n all_o be_v hit_v in_o heaven_n y._n do_v evar_n in_o earth_n be_v it_o also_o that_o holy_a bread_n that_o last_v ay_o thou_o send_v it_o ous_a this_o ilk_fw-mi day_n forgive_v ous_a all_o that_o we_o have_v do_v as_o we_o forgivet_v such_o other_o mon_fw-fr ne_o let_v ous_a fall_v into_o no_o sound_n ac_fw-la shield_v ous_a from_o the_o foul_a thing_n amen_n and_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o it_o be_v render_v thus_o fader_n that_o be_v in_o heavin_a bliss_n thin_a helge_fw