also_o the_o ancient_a year_n book_n or_o report_n of_o case_n all_o write_v in_o norman_a french_a even_o in_o our_o own_o age_n so_o that_o since_o this_o proceed_v from_o that_o great_a alteration_n which_o the_o conqueror_n make_v in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v also_o a_o badge_n of_o that_o yoke_n which_o he_o impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n by_o his_o conquest_n and_o to_o make_v this_o yet_o more_o plain_a that_o very_a copy_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n be_v in_o old_a norman_a french_a which_o together_o with_o k._n william_n addition_n to_o they_o ingulph_n tell_v we_o he_o bring_v down_o with_o he_o to_o his_o monastery_n and_o which_o he_o have_v insert_v into_o his_o history_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o last_o edition_n print_v at_o oxford_n and_o be_v before_o publish_v by_o mr._n seldâ—n_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o this_o common_a use_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n in_o our_o report_n and_o law_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n or_o be_v any_o badge_n of_o conquest_n for_o first_o the_o most_o ancient_a law_n of_o k._n william_n which_o we_o find_v in_o spelman_n and_o lambert_n collection_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n i_o grant_v indeed_o those_o you_o mention_v in_o ingulph_n be_v in_o french_a but_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o criminal_a or_o penal_a law_n or_o else_o concern_v tenor_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o be_v publish_v in_o the_o language_n of_o his_o country_n that_o the_o norman_n and_o other_o frenchman_n he_o bring_v over_o with_o he_o may_v understand_v they_o and_o though_o they_o be_v write_v in_o french_a yet_o they_o be_v proclaim_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n that_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o norman_n may_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o but_o after_o these_o law_n you_o will_v not_o find_v any_o ancient_a charter_n or_o statute_n in_o french_a till_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n i._o which_o be_v above_o 200_o year_n after_o your_o pretend_a conquest_n for_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o k._n william_n be_v in_o latin_a or_o saxon_a as_o that_o particular_o grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o be_v all_o the_o ancient_a charter_n and_o law_n of_o the_o other_o succeed_a king_n as_o those_o of_o k._n william_n rufus_n henry_n i._n henry_n ii_o king_n stephen_n richard_n i._o be_v all_o in_o latin_a or_o saxon_a and_o none_o of_o they_o in_o french_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a of_o they_o still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o archbishop_n library_n at_o lambeth_n and_o in_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n and_o also_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o all_o other_o statute_n and_o charter_n of_o k._n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n i._o above_o mention_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o this_o custom_n shall_v have_v take_v its_o original_n from_o normandy_n for_o if_o it_o have_v it_o will_v have_v be_v begin_v immediate_o after_o your_o conquest_n and_o as_o for_o our_o law_n book_n though_o i_o grant_v those_o you_o mention_v to_o be_v write_v in_o french_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o the_o norman_a french_a since_o it_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o language_n in_o which_o k._n edward_n law_n be_v write_v which_o be_v in_o ingulph_n the_o french_a of_o which_o be_v so_o obsolete_a and_o obscure_a that_o he_o that_o understand_v our_o law_n french_a very_o well_o can_v scarce_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o they_o but_o our_o first_o writer_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o england_n write_v in_o latin_a and_o not_o in_o french_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o glanvil_n bracton_n and_o fletâ—_n who_o write_v before_o horn_n mirror_n of_o justice_n or_o britton_n treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o for_o your_o book_n and_o report_n i_o grant_v they_o be_v in_o french_a but_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o normandy_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o the_o first_o report_v we_o have_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o except_o some_o few_o memorandum_n of_o case_n adjudge_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o father_n above_o 200_o year_n after_o k_o wâ—lliam's_n come_v in_o as_o i_o but_o now_o note_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v write_v in_o the_o norman_a dialect_n since_o we_o have_v then_o nothing_o to_o do_v in_o that_o duchy_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_a by_o the_o french_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o k._n john_n reign_n above_o eighty_o year_n before_o any_o report_n or_o law_n book_n be_v write_v in_o french_a at_o all_o and_o therefore_o we_o must_v ascribe_v the_o original_n of_o this_o custom_n to_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o mere_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o your_o conqueror_n and_o for_o this_o we_o must_v go_v as_o high_a as_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o as_o engulf_n tell_v we_o have_v live_v long_o in_o normandy_n and_o bring_v over_o divers_a norman_n with_o he_o the_o whole_a nation_n begin_v under_o this_o k._n to_o forsake_v the_o english_a custom_n and_o to_o imitate_v the_o french_a manner_n in_o many_o thing_n so_o that_o all_o great_a man_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o good_a breed_n to_o speak_v french_a in_o their_o house_n and_o to_o make_v their_o deed_n and_o charter_n after_o the_o french_a manner_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a for_o k._n william_n after_o his_o come_n in_o who_o as_o ingulph_n also_o tell_v we_o abhor_v the_o english_a tongue_n 71._o to_o make_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o be_v plead_v in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o to_o make_v the_o boy_n to_o learn_v at_o school_n the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o their_o grammar_n in_o french_a and_o also_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a hand_n to_o be_v alter_v and_o the_o french_a hand_n to_o come_v in_o use_n in_o all_o book_n and_o write_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v most_o of_o the_o chief_a justice_n and_o judge_n be_v frenchmen_n or_o norman_n during_o the_o three_o or_o four_o first_o king_n of_o that_o race_n yet_o that_o alone_o can_v not_o have_v cause_v this_o tongue_n to_o be_v so_o general_o use_v not_o only_o in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o also_o in_o all_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n after_o englishman_n begin_v again_o to_o sit_v there_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o tacite_fw-la consent_v not_o only_o of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o quality_n but_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n themselves_o for_o the_o law_n term_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n french_a they_o do_v not_o only_o thereby_o make_v the_o law_n the_o great_a mystery_n to_o the_o vulgar_a but_o they_o also_o suppose_v that_o these_o term_n be_v french_a can_v not_o be_v render_v into_o any_o other_o language_n but_o for_o all_o that_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a for_o this_o tongue_n which_o be_v speak_v by_o so_o small_a a_o number_n of_o person_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o have_v prevail_v so_o long_o among_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n have_v not_o our_o king_n for_o many_o age_n enjoy_v large_a territory_n in_o france_n which_o occasion_v their_o frequent_a go_v over_o thither_o about_o affair_n of_o war_n or_o peace_n as_o also_o the_o french_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n frequent_a come_v over_o hither_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o tongue_n be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o court_n be_v general_o understand_v and_o speak_v by_o all_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o lawyer_n so_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o from_o a_o very_a good_a hand_n a_o person_n who_o be_v very_o well_o verse_v in_o antiquity_n that_o a_o gentleman_n be_v return_v on_o a_o jâ—ry_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n ii_o be_v except_v against_o because_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v french_a and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o term_n of_o our_o law_n but_o also_o those_o of_o heraldry_n hawk_v and_o hunt_v be_v almost_o all_o french_a to_o this_o day_n and_o though_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o which_o you_o but_o now_o mention_v all_o plea_n shall_v be_v in_o english_a and_o not_o in_o french_a yet_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o do_v no_o way_n extend_v to_o any_o matter_n of_o process_n upon_o which_o suit_n be_v found_v but_o that_o the_o writ_n declaration_n and_o all_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n be_v always_o enter_v and_o enroll_v in_o latin_a from_o before_o the_o conquest_n to_o this_o very_a day_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o alteration_n as_o to_o that_o point_n these_o
cowardice_n of_o his_o soldier_n f._n methinks_v sir_n there_o be_v no_o such_o great_a cause_n of_o wonder_n much_o less_o of_o concern_v in_o all_o this_o for_o who_o can_v much_o admire_v that_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v thus_o use_v who_o have_v not_o only_o provoke_v a_o powerful_a enemy_n to_o invade_v he_o from_o abroad_o but_o by_o industrious_o labour_v to_o introduce_v popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n at_o home_n have_v lose_v the_o heart_n of_o almost_o all_o except_o his_o popish_a subject_n insomuch_o that_o many_o of_o his_o own_o soldier_n be_v so_o terrify_v with_o the_o thought_n of_o be_v discard_v like_o the_o protestant_a army_n in_o ireland_n to_o make_v room_n for_o irish_a and_o french_a papist_n that_o they_o have_v very_o little_a courage_n to_o fight_n when_o they_o see_v casheer_v be_v the_o best_a reward_n they_o can_v expect_v if_o they_o prove_v victorious_a and_o who_o can_v much_o pity_v a_o prince_n who_o will_v rather_o loose_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n than_o displease_v a_o few_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n so_o that_o if_o he_o suffer_v he_o may_v thank_v himself_o it_o not_o be_v religion_n but_o superstition_n which_o bring_v this_o misfortune_n upon_o he_o since_o the_o king_n have_v get_v a_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o as_o it_o be_v high_o suspect_v join_v himself_o in_o a_o strict_a league_n with_o france_n for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o heretic_n it_o lay_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n upon_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o come_v over_o that_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n he_o may_v not_o only_o relieve_v we_o but_o vindicate_v his_o own_o and_o her_o royal_a highness_n his_o princess_n right_a to_o the_o succession_n and_o secure_v his_o country_n from_o a_o dangerous_a and_o powerful_a invasion_n which_o it_o be_v threaten_v with_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n whenever_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o england_n shall_v be_v at_o leisure_n to_o join_v their_o force_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o which_o you_o know_v all_o europe_n have_v expect_v for_o above_o these_o two_o year_n last_o pass_v m._n these_o thing_n be_v somewhat_o if_o they_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o indeed_o to_o deal_v free_o with_o you_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o league_n and_o the_o story_n of_o the_o suppositious_a birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o mere_a calumny_n cast_v out_o of_o wicked_a and_o crafty_a man_n to_o render_v the_o king_n more_o odious_a to_o his_o people_n f._n nay_o sir_n you_o do_v hear_v i_o positive_o affirm_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o since_o i_o grant_v they_o be_v not_o yet_o make_v out_o but_o whatsoever_o will_v consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o birth_n of_o this_o child_n can_v but_o be_v strong_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o a_o imposture_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o deposition_n that_o be_v take_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o as_o for_o the_o french_a league_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v keep_v very_o private_a and_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o there_o be_v very_o high_a and_o violent_a presumption_n to_o believe_v it_o true_a or_o else_o why_o shall_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o a_o late_a memorial_n to_o the_o pope_n complain_v that_o his_o holiness_n by_o oppose_v his_o interest_n in_o europe_n have_v hinder_v he_o in_o those_o great_a design_n he_o have_v for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o heresy_n by_o which_o he_o must_v sure_o intend_v england_n or_o holland_n protestantism_n be_v sufficient_o expel_v out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n already_o and_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o either_o of_o the_o other_o without_o the_o consent_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o king_n of_o england_n join_v with_o france_n to_o ruin_n holland_n and_o his_o own_o son_n in_o law_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o to_o make_v a_o war_n mere_o for_o religion_n since_o neither_o the_o dutch_a nor_o the_o prince_n their_o stadt-holder_n give_v he_o till_o now_o any_o just_a provocation_n m._n well_o however_o these_o be_v but_o bare_a suspicion_n and_o presumption_n at_o most_o and_o not_o proof_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n as_o this_o be_v if_o we_o ought_v to_o judge_v favourable_o of_o the_o action_n of_o other_o much_o more_o of_o prince_n who_o council_n and_o action_n though_o private_a yet_o be_v still_o expose_v to_o the_o censure_n and_o calumny_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o blame_v i_o if_o i_o free_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o deep_o concern_v to_o see_v a_o innocent_a and_o mislead_v king_n force_v to_o seek_v his_o bread_n in_o a_o foreign_a land_n and_o the_o more_o since_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o common_a people_n have_v contribute_v so_o much_o to_o it_o by_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o his_o own_o army_n and_o officer_n shall_v contrary_v to_o their_o allegiance_n and_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o run_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n nay_o that_o some_o of_o our_o bishop_n and_o clergyman_n shall_v contrary_a to_o the_o so_o often_o acknowledge_v doctrine_n of_o passiveâ—_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n not_o only_a countenance_n but_o be_v likewise_o active_a in_o such_o desperate_a undertake_n and_o this_o in-direct_a opposition_n to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o god_n and_o this_o kingdom_n which_o must_v needs_o make_v our_o church_n a_o scorn_n to_o our_o enemy_n the_o papist_n and_o a_o shame_n and_o reproach_n to_o all_o protestant_a church_n abroad_o and_o render_v the_o people_n of_o england_n odious_a to_o all_o the_o crown_a head_n in_o europe_n f._n well_o sir_n i_o see_v you_o be_v very_o warm_a and_o i_o hope_v more_o than_o the_o cause_n deserve_v you_o may_v judge_v as_o favourable_o of_o the_o king_n proceed_n and_o as_o hardly_o of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n clergy_n and_o people_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o you_o please_v but_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o as_o clear_a as_o the_o day_n that_o they_o have_v do_v nothing_o by_o join_v in_o arm_n with_o he_o prince_n of_o orange_n but_o what_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o principle_n of_o self_n preservation_n the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o a_o just_a zoal_n for_o their_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n as_o they_o stand_v secure_v by_o our_o law_n unless_o you_o will_v give_v the_o king_n a_o power_n of_o make_v up_o papist_n and_o slave_n whenever_o he_o please_v but_o as_o for_o your_o doctrine_n of_o a_o absolute_a obedience_n without_o reserve_n and_o the_o divine_a right_n of_o monarchy_n and_o succession_n you_o need_v not_o be_v much_o concern_v whether_o the_o papist_n laugh_v at_o you_o or_o no_o since_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o they_o if_o any_o who_o be_v such_o fool_n themselves_o as_o to_o believe_v such_o futilous_a opinion_n but_o indeed_o they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o laugh_v at_o you_o whilst_o you_o maintain_v than_o when_o you_o quit_v they_o since_o as_o they_o have_v only_o render_v you_o a_o fit_a object_n of_o their_o scorn_n so_o they_o will_v have_v make_v you_o but_o a_o more_o casâ—â—_n sacrifice_n to_o their_o malice_n for_o what_o can_v thief_n desire_v more_o than_o that_o those_o they_o design_v to_o rob_v shall_v think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v they_o and_o what_o can_v the_o papist_n have_v wish_v for_o more_o than_o that_o our_o hand_n be_v fotter_v by_o this_o doctrine_n of_o a_o indefinite_a passive-obedience_n our_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n shall_v lie_v at_o their_o mercy_n which_o how_o long_o we_o shall_v have_v enjoy_v whenever_o they_o think_v themselves_o â—â—rong_a enough_o to_o take_v they_o away_o the_o late_a cruel_a persecution_n and_o extirpation_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o france_n savey_n hungary_n and_o other_o place_n have_v prove_v but_o too_o fatal_a example_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n let_v your_o high-flown_a churchman_n write_v or_o preach_v what_o they_o please_v if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n of_o england_n can_v never_o be_v persuade_v to_o swallow_v doctrine_n so_o fatal_a to_o their_o religion_n and_o destructive_a to_o their_o civil_a right_n and_o liberty_n both_o as_o mon_n and_o christian_n and_o as_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o doctrine_n i_o think_v they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o ancient_a tenet_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v find_v in_o its_o chatechism_n thirty_o nine_o article_n or_o book_n of_o homily_n take_v in_o their_o true_a sense_n and_o mean_v tho'_o indeed_o there_o be_v something_o that_o may_v tend_v that_o way_n in_o some_o of_o the_o late_a church-canon_n about_o
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v date_v feb._n 12_o the_o next_o follow_v at_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v discharge_v 14_o day_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o baron_n still_o continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o the_o community_n of_o england_n and_o both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n do_v stay_v and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n after_o all_o other_o be_v dismiss_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o there_o recite_v proclamation_n and_o may_v be_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o proceed_n of_o that_o paâ—liament_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ryley_n plâ—cita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n for_o who_o the_o baron_n there_o name_v set_v their_o seal_n to_o that_o letter_n you_o mention_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o f._n i_o confess_v mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o many_o example_n do_v then_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n must_v here_o mean_v more_o than_o your_o community_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v now_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n leave_v off_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o a_o body_n as_o be_v now_o represent_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o four_o institute_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o above_o 104_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n in_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o this_o in_o his_o exact_a history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n that_o he_o â—tiles_v this_o letter_n 893._o the_o memorable_a epistle_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o there_o be_v no_o change_n neither_o of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n nor_o of_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v our_o ancient_a record_n appear_v by_o a_o plea_n among_o mr._n ryley_n print_a plea_n of_o parliament_n in_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n where_o it_o be_v recite_v 376._o that_o in_o a_o parliament_n at_o carlisle_n will._n de_fw-fr testa_n the_o pope_n clerk_n be_v impeach_v per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concern_v divers_a new_a and_o intolerable_a grievance_n lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o pope_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la after_o the_o commons_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v certain_o present_a in_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o now_o you_o have_v need_n give_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o man_n estate_n 11._o so_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o disobey_v or_o resist_v his_o personal_a commandâ—_n if_o they_o be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o dr._n harslet_o then_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n his_o sermon_n upon_o this_o text_n give_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n wherein_o he_o maintain_v that_o all_o the_o subject_n good_n and_o money_n be_v caesar_n that_o be_v the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v he_o if_o he_o demand_v they_o for_o the_o public_a use_n which_o sermon_n tho'_o order_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o hangman_n yet_o be_v so_o grateful_a to_o the_o court_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v out_o of_o favour_n for_o it_o that_o he_o be_v not_o long_o after_o translate_v to_o norwich_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n so_o likewise_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o dr._n manwaring_n preach_v before_o he_o the_o substance_n of_o who_o sermon_n be_v somewhat_o high_o than_o the_o former_a 609._o viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o to_o impose_v tax_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v so_o impose_v the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o pay_v they_o which_o if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o disloyalty_n and_o rebelion_n for_o which_o sermon_n he_o be_v impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 4._o car._n i_o and_o thereupon_o sentence_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o be_v disable_v to_o hold_v or_o receve_v any_o ecclesiastical_a live_n or_o secular_a office_n whatever_o and_o also_o to_o be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v a_o thousand_o pound_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o we_o find_v he_o present_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v not_o only_o at_o liberty_n 635._o but_o also_o present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o rich_a benefice_n in_o essex_n and_o not_o long_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n so_o likewise_o one_o dr._n sibthorp_n about_o the_o same_o time_n preach_v a_o assize_n sermon_n at_o northamtâ—n_n on_o rom._n 13.7_o wherein_o he_o maintain_v much_o the_o like_a doctrine_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o that_o nothing_o can_v excuse_v from_o a_o active_a obedience_n to_o his_o command_n but_o what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o king_n have_v power_n to_o lay_v pole_n money_n upon_o their_o subject_a head_n but_o this_o much_o i_o have_v read_v that_o this_o sermon_n be_v license_v by_o dr._n laud_n then_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 434._o because_o archbishop_n abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v it_o as_o contrary_a to_o law_n for_o which_o he_o be_v very_o much_o frwon_v upon_o at_o court_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a cause_n of_o his_o suspension_n from_o his_o archepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n which_o not_o long_o after_o happen_v but_o as_o for_o this_o siothâ—rp_a though_o he_o live_v long_o after_o even_o till_o the_o king_n return_v yet_o be_v as_o archbishop_n abbot_z describe_v he_o a_o man_n of_o but_o small_a learning_n i_o can_v learn_v that_o he_o be_v ever_o prefer_v high_o than_o the_o parsonage_n of_o barchley_n and_o in_o northamptonshire_n but_o i_o find_v a_o new_a doctrine_n broach_v by_o some_o modern_a bishop_n and_o divine_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n at_o least_o so_o that_o any_o other_o government_n be_v scarce_o warrantable_a or_o lawful_a and_o of_o this_o new_a sect_n we_o must_v more_o especial_o take_v notice_n of_o sir_n r._n f._n who_o have_v write_v several_a treatise_n to_o prove_v this_o doctrine_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a they_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o oblige_v either_o by_o oath_n law_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o people_n 8._o far_o than_o they_o themselves_o shall_v think_v fit_a or_o consistent_a with_o their_o suppose_a prerogative_n of_o which_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o four_o last_o king_n what_o strong_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o that_o few_o divine_n or_o common_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v prefer_v in_o their_o reign_n to_o any_o considerable_a place_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n prerogative_n who_o do_v not_o maintain_v these_o new_a opinion_n both_o on_o the_o bench_n and_o in_o the_o pulpit_n you_o need_v not_o wonder_v when_o the_o stream_n of_o court_n preferment_n run_v so_o strong_a that_o way_n if_o so_o many_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o it_o since_o it_o be_v but_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o certain_a misery_n if_o not_o to_o utter_v ruin_n to_o oppugn_v it_o all_o who_o offer_v by_o speak_v or_o write_v to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v brand_v with_o the_o odious_a name_n of_o puritan_n commonwealths-man_n whig_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o who_o you_o may_v remember_v be_v not_o long_o since_o imprison_v fine_v nay_o whip_v for_o so_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o to_o be_v find_v who_o dare_v with_o so_o great_a hazard_n speak_v what_o they_o think_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o imminent_a danger_n upon_o our_o law_n religion_n and_o property_n proceed_v from_o the_o king_n illegal_a practice_n have_v open_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o clergy_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n so_o much_o late_o in_o vogue_n do_v generous_o venture_v both_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n to_o join_v their_o arm_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n against_o the_o king_n unjust_a and_o violent_a proceed_n m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v before_o i_o have_v do_v these_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o of_o the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o also_o to_o that_o of_o our_o reform_a church_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v those_o divine_n you_o mention_n in_o k._n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n the_o author_n or_o inventor_n of_o these_o doctrine_n which_o be_v public_o receive_v and_o decree_v by_o both_o house_n of_o that_o convocation_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n james_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1610._o as_o appear_v by_o divers_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o this_o convocation_n the_o original_a of_o which_o be_v late_o in_o the_o library_n found_v by_o dr._n cousin_n late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n beside_o a_o very_a fair_a copy_n now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o archbishop_n library_n at_o lambeth_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o may_v be_v quick_o satisfy_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n long_o before_o ever_o sir_n r._n f._n writ_n thoses_fw-fr treatise_n you_o mention_v hold_v that_o civil_a power_n be_v give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n and_o their_o descendant_n as_o also_o that_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o all_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o resistance_n as_o claim_v under_o those_o original_a charter_n these_o doctrine_n be_v there_o full_o and_o plain_o lay_v down_o and_o assert_v as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n so_o that_o you_o deal_v very_o unjust_o with_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o divine_n as_o also_o of_o sir_n r._n f._n to_o
their_o condition_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o stranger_n and_o not_o so_o to_o their_o father_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n since_o their_o father_n will_v have_v be_v at_o as_o much_o trouble_n and_o charge_n for_o their_o education_n as_o the_o stranger_n f._n i_o so_o far_o go_v along_o with_o you_o that_o in_o case_n of_o such_o necessity_n as_o you_o mention_v a_o father_n may_v sell_v or_o assign_v the_o present_a interest_n in_o his_o child_n to_o a_o stranger_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n that_o this_o sale_n or_o assignment_n shall_v confer_v so_o absolute_a a_o property_n in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o child_n as_o that_o therefore_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o slave_n to_o this_o master_n or_o fosterer_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v since_o admit_v that_o the_o father_n or_o other_o person_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o care_v may_v perhaps_o just_o claim_v a_o right_n in_o the_o service_n or_o labour_n of_o the_o child_n to_o satisfy_v they_o for_o their_o trouble_n and_o charge_n in_o bring_v he_o up_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o service_n be_v due_a as_o long_o as_o the_o child_n live_v but_o rather_o until_o such_o time_n as_o they_o can_v make_v their_o labour_n satisfy_v they_o for_o their_o charge_n and_o trouble_v in_o keep_v he_o which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v by_o that_o time_n the_o child_n attain_v to_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n at_o far_a and_o there_o be_v those_o that_o have_v offer_v to_o breed_v up_o and_o maintain_v all_o the_o foundling_n and_o bastard_n child_n in_o england_n if_o they_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o serve_v they_o until_o about_o that_o age_n so_o that_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o few_o year_n of_o education_n shall_v give_v any_o man_n a_o right_a over_o another_o person_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v but_o if_o you_o urge_v that_o the_o child_n owe_v his_o life_n to_o his_o father_n or_o fosterer_n since_o without_o his_o assistance_n he_o must_v have_v perish_v and_o therefore_o the_o service_n of_o the_o child_n be_v whole_a life_n be_v but_o little_a enough_o to_o recompense_v it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o parent_n be_v under_o a_o absolute_a obligation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n and_o they_o sin_n if_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v it_o as_o they_o ought_v the_o end_n of_o a_o father_n be_v chief_o for_o the_o breed_n up_o and_o preservation_n of_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n he_o shall_v acquire_v such_o a_o property_n in_o he_o mere_o because_o he_o do_v his_o duty_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o father_n be_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o son_n and_o not_o to_o make_v it_o worse_o i_o doubt_v whether_o a_o absolute_a and_o perpetual_a servitude_n or_o death_n itself_o be_v the_o better_a bargain_n and_o if_o this_o right_n will_v not_o hold_v for_o the_o father_n himself_o much_o less_o will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o fosterer_n since_o he_o be_v likewise_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o common_a humanity_n as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o contract_n with_o the_o father_n to_o breed_v up_o this_o child_n so_o assign_v he_o and_o not_o to_o let_v he_o perish_v if_o he_o be_v able_a to_o breed_v he_o up_o nor_o ought_v this_o father_n or_o fosterer_n temporal_a advantage_n which_o he_o may_v make_v of_o this_o child_n to_o be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o his_o undertake_n but_o the_o do_v good_a to_o mankind_n and_o the_o advantage_n he_o may_v reap_v thereby_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v only_o as_o a_o encouragement_n and_o not_o as_o the_o only_a motive_n to_o this_o duty_n since_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o he_o be_v sure_o the_o child_n will_v either_o die_v or_o be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o before_o he_o can_v be_v with_o he_o half_o long_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v he_o for_o his_o charge_n neither_o do_v this_o reason_n hold_v true_a even_o according_a to_o the_o scripture_n rule_v of_o gratitude_n that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o exact_v of_o one_o to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v a_o courtesy_n or_o bestow_v a_o benefit_n a_o return_n as_o great_a as_o the_o benefit_n bestow_v since_o this_o be_v not_o beneficence_n but_o mere_a barter_n or_o exchange_n and_o a_o man_n who_o have_v his_o life_n save_v by_o another_o assistance_n suppose_v by_o pull_v he_o out_o of_o the_o water_n must_v be_v oblige_v by_o this_o principle_n to_o submit_v his_o life_n to_o his_o disposal_n ever_o after_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o some_o better_a reason_n why_o such_o a_o son_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o absolute_o subject_a to_o his_o father_n power_n as_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o to_o free_v himself_o from_o it_o let_v his_o father_n use_v he_o never_o so_o cruel_o or_o severe_o m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o desire_v it_o i_o will_v give_v you_o the_o best_a reason_n i_o have_v why_o god_n can_v permit_v so_o unreasonable_a a_o liberty_n as_o this_o will_v give_v to_o all_o child_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o it_o whenever_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o therefore_o god_n have_v ordain_v it_o thus_o to_o take_v away_o all_o those_o pretence_n of_o undutifulness_n and_o disobedience_n which_o child_n may_v make_v shall_v they_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n when_o they_o may_v quit_v their_o father_n family_n without_o his_o leave_n which_o pretence_n of_o cruel_a usage_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o make_v use_n of_o thereby_o to_o leave_v their_o parent_n upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n say_v that_o their_o father_n be_v so_o cruel_a and_o severe_a that_o there_o be_v no_o live_n with_o they_o any_o long_o when_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n against_o they_o more_o than_o bare_a correct_v they_o for_o their_o fault_n and_o so_o the_o father_n be_v bere_a of_o any_o nay_o all_o his_o child_n who_o shall_v be_v helpful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o he_o in_o his_o old_a age_n which_o will_v breed_v great_a confusion_n and_o inconvenience_n in_o family_n especial_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v concern_v adam_n son_n they_o be_v the_o only_a servant_n he_o can_v have_v to_o make_v use_n of_o on_o all_o occasion_n f._n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o put_v this_o case_n concern_v adam_n by_o way_n of_o supposition_n only_o not_o but_o that_o i_o have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o our_o first_o parent_n notwithstanding_o his_o fall_n than_o to_o believe_v he_o so_o ill-nattured_a or_o that_o he_o be_v ever_o so_o cruel_a as_o to_o use_v his_o child_n thus_o hardly_o but_o in_o this_o deprave_a state_n of_o nature_n such_o unnatural_a rigour_n and_o cruelty_n in_o father_n as_o well_o as_o disobedience_n in_o child_n be_v but_o too_o frequent_a which_o no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v of_o that_o will_v but_o consult_v the_o custom_n of_o divers_a nation_n in_o africa_n and_o other_o country_n at_o this_o day_n where_o they_o sell_v their_o son_n for_o slave_n and_o exercise_v this_o fatherly_a power_n with_o the_o great_a tyranny_n and_o rigour_n use_v they_o as_o slave_n or_o fell_v they_o to_o other_o for_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o want_v and_o if_o you_o think_v it_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o such_o child_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o ready_a to_o be_v sell_v to_o work_v in_o the_o mine_n in_o peru_n or_o sugar-work_n at_o barbadoes_n to_o run_v away_o into_o another_o country_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o condition_n which_o be_v as_o bad_a or_o worse_o than_o death_n you_o may_v enjoy_v your_o own_o opinion_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o will_v have_v but_o fâ—w_a proselyte_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o like_a arbitrary_a principle_n and_o as_o for_o your_o pretence_n that_o if_o child_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o judge_v when_o their_o father_n treat_v they_o too_o severe_o or_o like_a slave_n they_o will_v all_o run_v away_o that_o be_v but_o a_o subterfuge_n for_o first_o it_o be_v a_o needless_a caution_n child_n be_v when_o young_a not_o apt_a to_o leave_v their_o parent_n who_o have_v breed_v they_o up_o â—pon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o subsistence_n and_o to_o who_o if_o they_o be_v treat_v like_o child_n they_o seldom_o faâ—l_a to_o bear_v a_o natural_a duty_n and_o affection_n and_o if_o well_o use_v they_o will_v when_o of_o year_n of_o discretion_n be_v likewise_o willing_a to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o look_v after_o they_o when_o sick_a or_o old_a not_o only_o for_o duty_n but_o
of_o a_o incense_a prince_n may_v just_o inflict_v upon_o such_o rebel_n in_o this_o life_n but_o also_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o those_o punishment_n that_o he_o have_v denounce_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v against_o such_o rebellious_a subject_n as_o dare_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n ordain_v by_o god_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a part_n of_o your_o last_o discourse_n give_v i_o leave_v first_o to_o justify_v my_o simile_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v simile_n be_v no_o argument_n yet_o they_o often_o serve_v to_o expose_v the_o absurdity_n of_o several_a thing_n which_o either_o the_o â—alse_a colour_n of_o eloquence_n or_o the_o too_o great_a authority_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v otherwise_o have_v hide_v from_o our_o eye_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o any_o country_n to_o invade_v their_o subject_n life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n they_o may_v be_v so_o far_o compare_v to_o thief_n and_o robber_n when_o they_o do_v nor_o be_v such_o violent_a action_n of_o they_o to_o be_v submit_v to_o as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o do_v thus_o act_v as_o direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v as_o thieves_z themselves_o and_o consequent_o all_o honest_a man_n or_o subject_n have_v so_o far_o no_o obligation_n to_o suffer_v or_o obey_v may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v true_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n currit_fw-la quatuor_fw-la pedibus_fw-la but_o as_o for_o your_o reflection_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la it_o be_v you_o yourself_o not_o i_o that_o assert_v it_o to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o those_o who_o be_v at_o all_o conversant_a in_o our_o english_a history_n and_o law_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grant_v in_o that_o charter_n which_o be_v not_o the_o birthright_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o which_o be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o first_o as_o also_o more_o express_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o charter_n still_o to_o be_v see_v and_o therefore_o these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n be_v not_o extort_a by_o force_n from_o king_n john_n as_o you_o suppose_v the_o war_n commence_v between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n be_v not_o because_o he_o will_v not_o grant_v they_o fresh_a privilege_n which_o they_o have_v not_o before_o but_o because_o he_o have_v not_o keep_v nor_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o those_o right_n and_o privilege_n which_o before_o belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n as_o well_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o therefore_o if_o king_n john_n by_o his_o apparent_a breach_n of_o they_o force_v the_o nobility_n and_o people_n to_o defend_v they_o it_o be_v no_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v nor_o be_v it_o ever_o declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o any_o law_n now_o extant_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v a_o admirable_a expedient_a not_o only_o against_o rebellion_n but_o also_o the_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n to_o preach_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o oppress_v their_o people_n nor_o yet_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v rebel_v against_o they_o but_o the_o preach_n of_o these_o doctrine_n or_o get_v as_o many_o as_o you_o can_v to_o believe_v they_o will_v no_o more_o make_v prince_n leave_v keep_v stand_a army_n or_o lay_v great_a tax_n upon_o their_o people_n than_o constant_a preach_v against_o robbery_n or_o murder_n will_v take_v away_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o gallow_n out_o of_o the_o nation_n since_o we_o know_v very_o well_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n continue_v so_o long_o must_v likewise_o all_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o it_o and_o therefore_o your_o instance_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a for_o i_o believe_v have_v all_o those_o learned_a divine_n who_o have_v of_o late_o so_o much_o write_v and_o preach_v for_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o have_v exert_v the_o utmost_a of_o their_o reason_n and_o eloquence_n to_o prove_v they_o necessary_a nay_o far_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v though_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v have_v give_v it_o under_o their_o hand_n that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v resist_v or_o rebel_v against_o king_n william_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v trust_v they_o the_o more_o for_o all_o that_o or_o have_v keep_v one_o soldier_n the_o less_o for_o it_o nor_o have_v remit_v one_o denier_n of_o those_o great_a tax_n he_o impose_v for_o he_o be_v too_o cunning_a and_o politic_a a_o prince_n not_o to_o understand_v humane_a nature_n which_o can_v willing_o endure_v great_a and_o intolerable_a slavery_n and_o oppression_n without_o resistance_n if_o man_n be_v able_a and_o therefore_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o after_o the_o forcible_a take_v away_o of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n estate_n there_o be_v no_o way_n but_o force_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n and_o as_o prince_n can_v never_o be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o subject_n have_v be_v thorough_o pace_v in_o these_o difficult_a doctrine_n so_o they_o can_v never_o be_v secure_a that_o they_o will_v not_o play_v the_o jade_n and_o kick_v and_o fling_v their_o rider_n when_o they_o spur_v they_o too_o severe_o and_o press_v too_o hard_o upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v such_o prince_n who_o government_n be_v severe_a will_n always_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o ride_v this_o beast_n as_o you_o call_v it_o the_o people_n with_o strong_a curb_v and_o cavesson_n but_o beside_o all_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o another_o infirmity_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n and_o of_o which_o prince_n may_v as_o well_o be_v guilty_a as_o other_o man_n that_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o oppress_v and_o insult_v over_o those_o who_o principle_n or_o natural_a temper_n may_v be_v against_o all_o resistance_n and_o for_o this_o i_o appeal_v to_o your_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o be_v not_o one_o jot_n the_o better_o use_v by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n though_o they_o express_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n of_o those_o emperor_n for_o persecution_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o though_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o subject_n in_o more_o perfect_a subjection_n and_o that_o either_o their_o religion_n or_o natural_a temper_n make_v they_o less_o apt_a to_o resist_v the_o violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o their_o monarch_n than_o the_o english_a or_o other_o nation_n yet_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o inquire_v whether_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o oppression_n do_v not_o reign_v as_o much_o under_o those_o government_n however_o sensible_a the_o prince_n may_v be_v of_o their_o subject_n loyalty_n and_o obedience_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o shall_v free_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o judgement_n or_o that_o of_o any_o indifferent_a person_n which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o civil_a government_n viz_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o each_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n shall_v be_v sometime_o resist_v than_o that_o the_o people_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o this_o irresistible_a power_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v beggar_n and_o slave_n whenever_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o and_o i_o appeal_v to_o your_o own_o conscience_n if_o the_o suppose_a belief_n of_o the_o passive_a obedience_n of_o some_o of_o our_o church_n be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o great_a encouragement_n which_o the_o king_n and_o the_o jesuited_a fâ—ction_n have_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o popish_a religion_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o dispense_n power_n ecclesiastical_a commissioner_n and_o force_v of_o a_o stand_a army_n from_o which_o unavoidable_a mischief_n nothing_o under_o god_n but_o this_o wonderful_a revolution_n can_v have_v rescue_v we_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o become_v any_o honest_a man_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o it_o and_o join_v with_o his_o highness_n the_o prince_n of_o oriâ—â—ge_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n now_o miracle_n be_v cease_v which_o god_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v by_o the_o course_n of_o his_o providence_n for_o our_o deliverance_n m._n i_o
supreme_a power_n and_o his_o minister_n or_o officer_n as_o powers_z subordinate_a to_o he_o and_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v submit_v to_o and_o obey_v as_o much_o as_o himself_o and_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o st._n peter_n to_o have_v conclude_v this_o exhortation_n with_o fear_n god_n and_o honour_n the_o king_n if_o he_o have_v allow_v it_o lawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o resist_v he_o since_o certain_o no_o man_n can_v honour_v he_o who_o he_o resist_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o doctrine_n everlasting_o true_a appear_v by_o the_o time_n in_o which_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n write_v these_o epistle_n which_o be_v either_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o claudius_n or_o nero_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o worse_a man_n or_o more_o cruel_a tyrant_n in_o all_o the_o catalogue_n of_o emperor_n since_o the_o former_a commit_v many_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a thing_n by_o his_o freedman_n and_o officer_n and_o also_o banish_v the_o jew_n and_o christian_n together_o with_o they_o from_o rome_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o notorious_a for_o his_o cruelty_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o christian_n that_o his_o name_n pass_v into_o a_o proverb_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v the_o high_a power_n to_o who_o the_o apostle_n command_v they_o to_o be_v subject_a from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v your_o error_n in_o interpret_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o signify_v just_a and_o lawful_a authority_n whereas_o it_o plain_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n the_o man_n vest_v with_o this_o authority_n howsoever_o tyrannical_o they_o abuse_v it_o f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o pretty_a long_a reply_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o patient_o because_o i_o confess_v that_o on_o this_o depend_v the_o whole_a controversy_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v beg_v that_o you_o will_v hear_v i_o with_o the_o like_a patience_n because_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o grant_v to_o be_v of_o that_o weight_n as_o to_o require_v a_o large_a as_o well_o as_o a_o considerable_a reply_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o consider_v the_o last_o part_n of_o your_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o i_o can_v soon_o dispatch_v it_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o most_o tyrannical_a governor_n without_o any_o resistance_n because_o claudius_n or_o nero_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v cruel_a tyrant_n then_o govern_v the_o empire_n and_o persecute_v the_o christian_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v it_o very_o doubtful_a whether_o st._n paul_n write_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n or_o nero._n the_o learned_a mounseur_fw-fr capel_n in_o his_o discourse_n which_o he_o have_v write_v on_o purpose_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o write_n of_o this_o epistle_n prove_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v write_v during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n but_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v it_o write_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n do_v all_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n when_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n be_v under_o the_o ministry_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n and_o when_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v most_o just_a and_o moderate_a and_o divers_a year_n before_o ever_o nero_n burn_v the_o city_n or_o persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o do_v so_o many_o extravagant_a cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n as_o force_v the_o senate_n to_o declare_v he_o the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n he_o never_o persecute_v the_o christian_n at_o all_o as_o i_o know_v of_o m._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o claudius_n persecute_v the_o christian_n when_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o jew_n he_o banish_v they_o from_o rome_n as_o appear_v by_o act_n the_o eighteen_o when_o aquila_n and_o priscilla_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v italy_n and_o come_v into_o greece_n because_o of_o that_o edict_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v this_o very_a claudius_n to_o who_o st._n peter_n if_o not_o st._n paul_n do_v require_v all_o man_n to_o be_v subject_a without_o any_o resistance_n f._n i_o think_v this_o difficulty_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o claudius_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n banish_v the_o jew_n from_o rome_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o banish_v the_o christian_n from_o thence_o as_o we_o know_v of_o any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o be_v jew_n by_o nation_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o aquila_n be_v a_o jew_n by_o birth_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v rome_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o neither_o suetonius_n nor_o any_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o likewise_o banish_v the_o christian_n though_o i_o know_v indeed_o there_o be_v some_o learned_a man_n that_o will_v interpret_v this_o passage_n in_o the_o former_a author_n in_o his_o life_n of_o claudius_n judaeos_fw-la tumultuantes_fw-la impulsante_n cresto_n româ_fw-la expulit_fw-la to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o christian_n be_v expel_v rome_n as_o instigate_v by_o christ_n their_o prophet_n to_o sedition_n but_o though_o i_o own_o that_o our_o saviour_n be_v sometime_o call_v chrestus_n by_o the_o pagan_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o chrestus_n here_o mention_v can_v be_v understand_v our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v very_o evident_a for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o improbable_a for_o suetonius_n to_o have_v make_v christ_n who_o be_v dead_a above_o thirty_o year_n before_o to_o have_v excite_v the_o jew_n to_o sedition_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o his_o annal_n with_o much_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o not_o our_o saviour_n but_o some_o seditious_a jew_n call_v crestus_n who_o head_v this_o sedition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o jew_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o persecution_n for_o religion_n than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v for_o the_o parliament_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o reign_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o popish_a plot_n to_o have_v banish_v all_o the_o papist_n out_o of_o england_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o constant_a machination_n to_o overturn_v the_o government_n and_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n but_o suppose_v this_o edict_n to_o have_v banish_v the_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o jew_n it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o for_o it_o be_v no_o persecution_n for_o religion_n and_o beside_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o claudius_n it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a edict_n and_o we_o find_v the_o jew_n to_o have_v live_v quiet_o at_o rome_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o acts._n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n government_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o insupportable_a tyranny_n that_o there_o be_v no_o prince_n that_o do_v take_v more_o care_n to_o do_v impartial_a justice_n according_a to_o that_o small_a capacity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o than_o himself_o and_o though_o i_o yield_v that_o by_o his_o proconsul_n precedent_n and_o freeman_n there_o be_v many_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n commit_v in_o the_o province_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o against_o some_o private_a man_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o destroy_n and_o enslave_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n who_o during_o his_o reign_n general_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n with_o as_o great_a freedom_n as_o under_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o for_o nero_n all_o ecclesiastical_a historian_n agree_v that_o if_o this_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v write_v in_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o his_o nonage_n under_o the_o administration_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n during_o which_o time_n all_o the_o historian_n agree_v that_o the_o empire_n be_v never_o better_o govern_v and_o as_o for_o the_o wickedness_n and_o violence_n that_o nero_n commit_v afterward_o when_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n murder_v his_o mother_n his_o wife_n and_o most_o of_o his_o best_a and_o most_o intimate_a friend_n and_o set_v the_o city_n on_o fire_n st._n paul_n be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o that_o sure_o he_o will_v not_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o he_o that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o minister_n to_o they_o that_o be_v to_o
whole_a people_n or_o nation_n together_o with_o the_o religion_n establish_v shall_v be_v thus_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v rather_o than_o that_o such_o resistance_n shall_v be_v make_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o express_a against_o your_o interpretation_n or_o more_o plain_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o patient_a suffer_v without_o resistance_n of_o the_o cruel_a and_o most_o intolerable_a tyranny_n than_o these_o word_n i_o last_v read_v the_o far_a and_o far_o any_o earthly_a prince_n do_v swerve_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o heavenly_a government_n the_o great_a plague_n be_v be_v of_o god_n wrath_n and_o punishment_n by_o god_n justice_n unto_o the_o country_n and_o people_n over_o who_o god_n for_o their_o sin_n have_v place_v such_o a_o prince_n and_o governor_n and_o by_o what_o there_o follow_v you_o will_v see_v that_o though_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v so_o great_a a_o plague_n to_o they_o yet_o they_o can_v without_o sin_n judge_v such_o a_o prince_n or_o rebel_n against_o he_o but_o must_v patient_o wait_v god_n leisure_n to_o remove_v he_o f._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strict_a passage_n of_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a book_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o express_o reach_v the_o case_n here_o put_v or_o if_o it_o have_v do_v i_o think_v myself_o or_o any_o body_n else_o oblige_v because_o of_o one_o or_o two_o unwary_a passage_n in_o this_o homily_n which_o perhaps_o neither_o the_o parliament_n nor_o convocation_n close_o consider_v the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o or_o so_o much_o as_o know_v they_o be_v there_o thing_n of_o this_o kind_n usual_o pass_v such_o great_a assembly_n by_o the_o lump_n as_o rely_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o lead_a bishop_n or_o clergy_n man_n without_o consider_v the_o book_n of_o homily_n strict_o or_o read_v over_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o the_o parliament_n may_v very_o well_o declare_v that_o they_o contain_v sound_a doctrine_n and_o nothing_o contrary_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n without_o assert_v the_o literal_a truth_n of_o every_o particular_a passage_n in_o they_o much_o less_o that_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v therein_o be_v to_o believe_v upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v suppose_v that_o all_o resistance_n whatsoever_o though_o in_o the_o most_o necessary_a case_n of_o self-defence_n which_o i_o have_v now_o puâ—_n be_v absolute_o unlawful_a and_o rebellious_a or_o that_o the_o father_n of_o our_o church_n ever_o intend_v to_o lay_v so_o hard_a a_o yoke_n upon_o the_o neck_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o father_n be_v ever_o able_a to_o bear_v much_o less_o that_o there_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o from_o this_o nation_n defend_v those_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n and_o which_o as_o it_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n so_o it_o do_v the_o subject_n likewise_o from_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n for_o if_o the_o scripture_n themselves_o be_v never_o intend_v to_o alter_v civil_a constitution_n much_o less_o certain_o can_v either_o our_o canon_n or_o homily_n do_v it_o and_o therefore_o to_o deal_v free_o with_o you_o if_o the_o canon_n and_o homily_n have_v be_v nâ—ver_o so_o express_v on_o your_o side_n yet_o as_o long_o as_o no_o such_o consequence_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o value_n what_o they_o say_v unless_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o church_n of_o england_n to_o be_v infallible_a and_o for_o this_o i_o have_v the_o sixeenth_n and_o twenty_o article_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1562._o to_o bear_v i_o out_o the_o former_a of_o which_o concern_v the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n for_o salvation_n run_v thus_o the_o holy_a scripture_n contain_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o read_v therein_o nor_o may_v be_v prove_v thereby_o be_v not_o to_o be_v require_v of_o any_o man_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v believe_v as_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n or_o be_v think_v necessary_a or_o requisite_a to_o salvation_n therefore_o if_o i_o have_v plain_o prove_v by_o sufficient_a authority_n that_o your_o doctrine_n of_o passive-obeâ—ience_a and_o non_n resistance_n be_v not_o express_o find_v in_o scripture_n nor_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n may_v be_v rational_o deduce_v from_o thence_o they_o can_v be_v require_v of_o any_o man_n to_o be_v believe_v or_o practise_v as_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n and_o therefore_o if_o either_o this_o church_n or_o any_o other_o impose_v such_o a_o burden_n upon_o i_o i_o be_o not_o oblige_v to_o bear_v it_o and_o this_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o article_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n express_o assert_n in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o church_n to_o ordain_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o god_n word_n write_v etc._n etc._n after_o which_o it_o follow_v thus_o so_o beside_o the_o same_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o enforce_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v believe_v for_o necessity_n of_o salvation_n where_o note_v that_o beside_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o or_o may_v be_v prove_v thereby_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o if_o the_o whole_a church_n itself_o can_v do_v this_o certain_o no_o particular_a church_n can_v m._n methinks_v sir_n it_o be_v a_o great_a presumption_n in_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n to_o make_v yourselves_o the_o sole_a interpreter_n of_o those_o place_n of_o scripture_n which_o so_o express_o forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o then_o when_o you_o have_v wrest_v the_o scripture_n to_o your_o own_o mind_n to_o cry_v out_o that_o you_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v these_o christian_a doctrine_n because_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v contrary_a to_o man_n humane_a reason_n and_o the_o too_o great_a love_n they_o have_v to_o their_o own_o concern_v which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o way_n of_o reason_v which_o the_o socinian_o and_o arian_n make_v use_n of_o against_o our_o saviour_n god_n head_n because_o their_o narrow_a understanding_n can_v comprehend_v it_o but_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o out_o of_o the_o best_a writer_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n both_o in_o this_o and_o other_o protestant_a church_n who_o interpret_v these_o place_n of_o scripture_n against_o all_o resistance_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o our_o honest_a homily_n have_v do_v but_o i_o find_v it_o grow_v late_a and_o i_o have_v not_o time_n now_o to_o show_v you_o they_o or_o if_o i_o have_v do_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v be_v much_o edify_v by_o they_o since_o you_o make_v so_o slight_a of_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o homily_n f._n you_o be_v very_o much_o in_o the_o right_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v you_o shall_v put_v yourself_o to_o that_o trouble_n for_o the_o papist_n themselves_z will_v not_o own_o any_o thing_n for_o a_o doctrine_n of_o their_o church_n which_o be_v not_o express_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n or_o the_o catechism_n compose_v according_a to_o its_o decree_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o be_v conclude_v by_o the_o sermon_n or_o theological_a treatise_n of_o any_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o their_o own_o church_n as_o to_o any_o thing_n or_o matter_n in_o debate_n between_o we_o and_o i_o think_v i_o that_o be_o a_o protestant_n may_v certain_o claim_v alike_o christian_a liberty_n especial_o since_o i_o be_o very_o sensible_a upon_o what_o account_n too_o many_o man_n have_v carry_v these_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n to_o so_o great_a a_o height_n as_o they_o have_v do_v of_o late_a year_n but_o since_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o so_o many_o learned_a writer_n both_o of_o this_o and_o other_o protestant_a church_n have_v be_v of_o your_o mind_n so_o i_o can_v also_o if_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o cap_n quotation_n with_o you_o produce_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o place_n out_o of_o luther_n calvin_n zuinglius_fw-la and_o other_o first_o reformer_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o writer_n at_o home_n who_o have_v in_o many_o place_n of_o their_o work_n allow_v resistance_n for_o self-defence_n in_o case_n of_o intolerable_a violence_n and_o oppression_n to_o be_v lawful_a and_o of_o these_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o large_a catalogue_n whenever_o you_o please_v to_o command_v i_o but_o since_o they_o will_v convince_v you_o as_o little_a as_o i_o suppose_v your_o writer_n will_v do_v i_o i_o shall_v forbear_v mention_v they_o any_o further_a m._n i_o value_v not_o much_o what_o luther_n calvin_n or_o any_o other_o violent_a man_n of_o that_o sort_n may_v out_o of_o passion_n
voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o parliament_n already_o make_v which_o be_v a_o prerogative_n often_o exercise_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o then_o consist_v of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a by_z and_o by_z and_o i_o confess_v we_o be_v much_o in_o the_o dark_a because_o our_o ancient_a parliament-roll_n be_v almost_o all_o lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o statute_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o we_o have_v almost_o nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o but_o such_o copy_n or_o remain_n as_o be_v preserve_v by_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n in_o those_o and_o succeed_v time_n whilst_o they_o be_v still_o in_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v at_o present_v bold_o affirm_v that_o if_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o statute_n of_o ireland_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o some_o former_a statute_n not_o now_o in_o be_v it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o chief_a justiciar_n of_o ireland_n command_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o coparcener_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o ireland_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n which_o may_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o some_o article_n in_o that_o statute_n and_o this_o for_o its_o great_a authority_n exemplify_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o so_o send_v to_o all_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n and_o often_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n yet_o without_o alter_v that_o statute_n in_o some_o point_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o acon_n burnel_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o rash_o do_v to_o conclude_v that_o though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o original_a act_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o that_o time_n that_o therefore_o such_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o in_o his_o privy_a council_n so_o that_o i_o must_v still_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o the_o great_a selden_n in_o this_o point_n who_o in_o his_o marâ—_n clausum_fw-la tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n no_o answer_n be_v give_v either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o any_o parliamentary_a bill_n before_o that_o bill_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o commons_o have_v past_o both_o house_n as_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o parliamentary_a affair_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o signify_v very_o little_a in_o what_o form_n the_o law_n be_v express_a whether_o in_o the_o king_n name_n only_o as_o give_v the_o last_o assent_n thereto_o or_o else_o as_o his_o concession_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o common_n petition_n as_o long_o as_o you_o grant_v that_o their_o assent_n be_v necessary_a for_o sure_a whosoever_o petition_n another_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o can_v impose_v upon_o he_o without_o his_o request_n must_v give_v his_o consent_n to_o the_o do_v it_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o it_o can_v be_v do_v whether_o the_o petitioner_n will_v or_o not_o and_o this_o by_o the_o way_n will_v serve_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o though_o you_o insist_v much_o upon_o it_o be_v scarce_o worth_n it_o viz._n the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o petition_v of_o right_n which_o be_v indeed_o no_o grant_n or_o concession_n of_o any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o people_n but_o only_o a_o declaration_n of_o several_a ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o have_v be_v very_o much_o break_v and_o infringe_v of_o late_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n answer_n be_v very_o proper_a soit_fw-fr droict_n faict_v comme_fw-fr est_fw-fr desire_n the_o next_o mistake_v you_o fall_v into_o proceed_v from_o your_o confound_v the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_a council_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o king_n be_v special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n make_v this_o a_o four_o estate_n by_o who_o as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o law_n be_v often_o make_v whereas_o indeed_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v true_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v often_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n or_o record_n of_o the_o king_n council_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o his_o privy_a council_n but_o of_o a_o special_a council_n with_o who_o our_o king_n be_v former_o sit_v during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o before_o who_o and_o to_o who_o we_o find_v by_o divers_a record_n that_o both_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v often_o petition_n as_o you_o yourself_o do_v true_o affirm_v but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n but_o another_o quite_o different_a from_o it_o and_o to_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o fleâ—a_n refer_v in_o his_o second_o book_n cap._n 2._o habet_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o concilio_n svo_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comit._n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n justice_n itinerant_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o such_o of_o the_o dignify_v clergy_n as_o it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o call_v which_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o that_o the_o late_a never_o include_v all_o the_o judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a â—ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticâ—â—_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ—_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o king_n knute_n who_o after_o he_o be_v make_v king_n partly_o by_o conquest_n and_o partly_o by_o election_n yet_o alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o florence_n of_o worcester_n tell_v we_o that_o anno_fw-la 1017_o being_n the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 619._o he_o divide_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o four_o part_n and_o also_o foedus_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la parcus_fw-la cessâ—runt_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o commons_o be_v put_v distinct_a by_o this_o author_n from_o the_o great_a lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n here_o call_v principes_fw-la and_o this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o abbot_n bromton_n in_o his_o history_n parliamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la 908._o and_o also_o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o briadricesworth_n since_o call_v st._n edmundsbâ—ry_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâ—marum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n fidelium_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o once_o for_o all_o that_o by_o this_o word_n be_v not_o here_o mean_v or_o any_o where_o else_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v the_o ordinary_a or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o but_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o king_n thanes_z and_o be_v afterward_o the_o same_o with_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n s_o charter_n but_o i_o shall_v plain_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n signify_v only_o the_o king_n s_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mirite_n who_o we_o find_v to_o be_v witness_n after_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v in_o a_o common_a or_o large_a acceptation_n signify_v all_o such_o subject_n as_o owe_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o legal_a signification_n as_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v take_v it_o signify_v only_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o well_o show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n himself_o distinguish_v between_o these_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n fideles_fw-la in_o these_o word_n interâ—um_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la â—dem_fw-la qui_fw-la vasalli_n qui_fw-la fâ—udo_fw-la accâ—pto_fw-la in_o patron_n fide_fw-la &_o cliâ—ntela_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la suamci_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la but_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n for_o then_o all_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o all_o the_o man_n in_o england_n above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n must_v have_v be_v there_o in_o person_n which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o pretty_a large_a assembly_n and_o such_o a_o multitude_n as_o no_o one_o place_n can_v have_v contain_v they_o f._n if_o what_o dr._n b._n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o norman_a history_n pag._n 157._o as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n pag._n 20._o be_v true_a 156._o that_o fendal_n tenor_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n then_o certain_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la must_v have_v be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o must_v have_v extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n in_o the_o folk_n mote_n or_o county_n court_n as_o they_o do_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o aught_o to_o do_v so_o still_o if_o require_v and_o therefore_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la can_v be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n i_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v f._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o perplex_v very_o plain_a and_o evident_a proof_n for_o as_o to_o the_o queen_n be_v often_o present_a at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o elder_a time_n and_o that_o in_o france_n as_o well_o as_o here_o as_o any_o man_n that_o will_v but_o peruse_v the_o charter_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 106._o of_o the_o second_o race_n as_o they_o be_v in_o father_n mabilion_n de_fw-fr rediplomatica_fw-la may_v easy_o satisfy_v themselves_o and_o as_o for_o the_o abbess_n who_o we_o find_v sometime_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o conquest_n they_o may_v also_o according_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n have_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o right_n of_o their_o monastery_n and_o of_o those_o great_a possession_n they_o hold_v or_o else_o they_o may_v have_v be_v often_o represent_v by_o their_o oecomi_n or_o steward_n who_o transact_v all_o business_n for_o they_o and_o your_o own_o civil_a law_n do_v always_o suppose_v that_o what_o any_o person_n perform_v by_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o abbess_n and_o prioresses_n do_v together_o with_o the_o other_o spiritual_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la join_v to_o grant_v scrutage_n upon_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v this_o discourse_n but_o since_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_n by_o a_o long_a prescription_n i_o shall_v now_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o that_o not_o until_o the_o time_n you_o suppose_v m._n since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o impose_v this_o task_n upon_o i_o i_o shall_v willing_o submit_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o pray_v let_v we_o see_v how_o far_o we_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o think_v you_o will_v grant_v that_o till_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o edward_n i._o reign_n there_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n make_v in_o our_o record_n or_o historian_n of_o any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o either_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n much_o less_o the_o word_n commons_o mention_v by_o they_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v for_o if_o we_o peruse_v ingulph_n or_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o ancient_a historian_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o son_n time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o age_n we_o can_v find_v none_o mention_v beside_o the_o bishop_n but_o principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la or_o optimates_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o else_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n under_o the_o title_n of_o optimates_fw-la or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o matt._n paris_n and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n who_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o more_o particular_a title_n of_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o baronagium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o else_o by_o the_o more_o general_a of_o nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v the_o whole_a university_n community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n thereof_o as_o for_o most_o of_o these_o word_n i_o have_v give_v you_o my_o sense_n of_o they_o already_o in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o may_v be_v other_o person_n sometime_o mention_v after_o the_o baron_n as_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n very_o plain_o prove_v by_o those_o authority_n he_o produce_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o that_o by_o all_o the_o word_n beforementioned_a which_o be_v use_v in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n can_v only_o be_v understand_v either_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o baronage_n or_o nobility_n of_o those_o time_n and_o who_o vote_n do_v then_o conclude_v all_o their_o subfeudotary_n or_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n do_v represent_v all_o degree_n of_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la g._n or_o else_o plebâ—_n or_o valgus_n or_o else_o under_o these_o title_n as_o yet_o more_o general_o express_v by_o regnum_fw-la and_o sacerdotium_fw-la i._n e._n the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la or_o vulgus_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o in_o those_o day_n in_o our_o historian_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o parliamentary_a affair_n than_o the_o lay-earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o other_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o the_o vulgar_a or_o common_a people_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n have_v then_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v with_o dr._n b._n first_o that_o the_o commons_o represent_v by_o knight_n introduct_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o introduce_v nor_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o second_o that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o frequent_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v have_v not_o any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o have_v any_o communication_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o two_o proposition_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a evidence_n draw_v from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n the_o law_n and_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n as_o also_o from_o those_o parliament_n roll_n record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v yet_o leave_v we_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a bold_a challenge_n and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o i_o grant_v you_o will_v carry_v the_o day_n and_o i_o shall_v then_o willing_o submit_v to_o your_o opinion_n but_o since_o i_o find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o argument_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o word_n by_o which_o i_o confess_v the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n be_v general_o express_v in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n show_v you_o to_o avoid_v all_o unnecessary_a dispute_n about_o word_n that_o by_o every_o one_o of_o these_o expression_n you_o have_v mention_v the_o commons_o may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v as_o well_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o before_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v the_o word_n in_o the_o same_o order_n as_o you_o have_v recite_v they_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la which_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v signify_v before_o the_o conquest_n no_o more_o than_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n and_o that_o it_o mean_v no_o more_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a authority_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o word_n be_v most_o common_o use_v by_o eadmerus_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o understand_v there_o be_v then_o never_o a_o prince_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o duke_n in_o england_n but_o what_o be_v understand_v by_o this_o expression_n in_o aftertime_n we_o must_v appeal_v to_o historian_n mat._n of_o westminster_n in_o his_o flores_n histor._n anno_fw-la dom._n 1280._o 409._o be_v the_o seven_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o 15_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o thus_o reckon_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o that_o parliament_n rex_fw-la pontifices_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la anglicani_n convenerunt_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o in_o rot._n claus._n 7._o edward_n 1_o it_o be_v call_v a_o parliament_n and_o at_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n be_v enact_v and_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o i_o shall_v prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o those_o time_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n
and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n call_v some_o of_o they_o milites_fw-la yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o our_o opinion_n for_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o the_o great_a milites_fw-la be_v often_o style_v baron_n and_o the_o baron_n milites_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o earl_n and_o the_o four_o baron_n here_o mention_v choose_a or_o send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o represent_v they_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n but_o be_v only_o pitch_v upon_o by_o a_o body_n of_o military_a man_n or_o baron_n at_o a_o tornament_n intend_v to_o have_v be_v hold_v at_o dunstable_n which_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o king_n and_o these_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o warn_v mr._n martin_n the_o pope_n clerk_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n matt._n paris_n give_v we_o of_o this_o business_n in_o the_o paragraph_n immediate_o follow_v so_o that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o wit_n the_o baron_n or_o the_o universitas_fw-la armatorum_fw-la who_o be_v meet_v to_o hold_v the_o tournament_n and_o these_o the_o king_n there_o call_v his_o baron_n and_o after_o this_o in_o the_o 30_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o their_o grievance_n the_o king_n call_v as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d parliamentum_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la 696._o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la anglicani_n totalem_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la londini_fw-la viz._n prelatorum_fw-la tam_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o priorum_fw-la quam_fw-la epiâ—coporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o baronium_n ut_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la regni_fw-la jam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d efficatiter_fw-la prout_fw-la exegit_fw-la urgens_fw-la necessitas_fw-la contrectarent_fw-la 106._o in_o this_o very_a parliament_n the_o king_n confer_v with_o the_o bishop_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o themselves_o about_o this_o business_n of_o the_o pope_n not_o keep_v his_o promise_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v then_o any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n he_o will_v have_v also_o confer_v with_o they_o about_o the_o same_o matter_n the_o result_n of_o all_o these_o conference_n be_v that_o yet_o for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o apostolic_a see_v they_o shall_v again_o supplicate_v the_o pope_n by_o letter_n to_o remove_v their_o intolerable_a grievance_n and_o insupportable_a yoke_n and_o this_o they_o do_v in_o separate_a conference_n the_o bishop_n write_v by_o themselves_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n by_o themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o most_o certain_o will_v likewise_o have_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n do_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o these_o commissioner_n send_v by_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n be_v all_o of_o they_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n among_o they_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o person_n that_o send_v they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o lord_n too_o for_o if_o those_o commissioner_n be_v all_o peer_n who_o represent_v your_o barones_n minores_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v be_v no_o lord_n at_o all_o and_o why_o may_v not_o those_o lord_n as_o well_o represent_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o they_o do_v these_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v needs_o then_o comprehend_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o since_o the_o word_n barones_n &_o milites_fw-la alone_a and_o sufficient_o express_v all_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o your_o parliament_n without_o add_v &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a for_o the_o great_a lord_n in_o those_o day_n to_o write_v letter_n in_o their_o own_o name_n as_o also_o for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o two_o other_o instance_n of_o a_o like_a nature_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edw._n i._n and_o edw._n iii_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o message_n or_o letter_n because_o they_o do_v not_o write_v by_o themselves_o much_o less_o be_v it_o so_o because_o it_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v by_o matt._n paris_n that_o the_o king_n consult_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o this_o author_n write_v very_o concise_o comprehend_v all_o the_o lay_v estate_n under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o else_o magnate_v alone_o so_o likewise_o matt_n of_o westminster_n when_o he_o mention_n divers_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i_o and_o edw._n two_o express_v they_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o though_o this_o author_n often_o mention_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o then_o there_o and_o for_o this_o pray_v take_v these_o example_n our_o of_o matt._n westminster_n when_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1300._o the_o 28_o of_o edw._n i._n he_o tell_v we_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n where_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n demand_v a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o they_o further_o ask_v that_o the_o deforestation_n make_v by_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v confirm_v and_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o thereupon_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v proclaim_v before_o all_o the_o people_n in_o every_o country_n where_o you_o see_v that_o the_o complain_v be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n must_v have_v proceed_v from_o all_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v there_o no_o more_o mention_v than_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v then_o as_o barones_n majores_fw-la constituent_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n so_o also_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n 2928._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1301._o the_o 30_o edw._n i._n tell_v we_o of_o a_o parliament_n this_o king_n hold_v at_o stamford_n where_o meet_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o with_o great_a courage_n persist_v until_o they_o have_v get_v the_o charter_n of_o forest_n full_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o where_o note_n that_o though_o by_o way_n of_o excellency_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n be_v here_o only_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n now_o if_o these_o late_a historian_n pass_v by_o the_o commons_o though_o then_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n without_o any_o one_o express_v mention_n why_o may_v not_o matt._n paris_n do_v so_o too_o but_o that_o he_o do_v do_v so_o appear_v very_o plain_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 30_o hen._n ii_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n be_v still_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o remove_v the_o intolerable_a grievance_n above_o mention_v that_o to_o the_o pope_n be_v tecit_v at_o large_a by_o matt._n paris_n cleopatra_n though_o that_o to_o the_o cardinal_n be_v omit_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o time_n extant_a in_o sir_n john_n cottons_n library_n of_o both_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n at_o lion_n a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universitatibâ—â—_n bâ—â—â—nagii_fw-la anglia_fw-it now_o who_o these_o be_v the_o subsequent_a letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o matt._n poris_n will_v inform_v we_o which_o begin_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d silij_fw-la svi_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubia_n 700._o etc._n etc._n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n there_o name_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o commons_o be_v not_o particular_o recite_v but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_n word_n barones_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnate_v ac_fw-la nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la marishabitatores_fw-la necnon_fw-la &_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la salutem_fw-la and_o pray_v note_n that_o matt._n paris_n have_v before_o call_v this_o a_o parliament_n 698._o convenientibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o word_n take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o the_o nobiles_fw-la portuum_fw-la maris_fw-la habitatores_fw-la do_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinqâ—â—_fw-fr port_n
word_n clâ—rus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâ—a_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o 〈◊〉_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenâ—â—_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nâ—â—tandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ—_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quâ—â—_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aâ—â—liis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ—_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ—_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundâ—â—_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuâ—rint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ—_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iâ—â—and_n unless_o iâ—_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thâ—â—_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ—_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ—_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ—_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ—_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ—_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ—_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muâ—â—_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tâ—â—_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v râ—â—quired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
matth._n paris_n sufficient_o show_v this_o grant_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la often_o include_v not_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n too_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la for_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o tax_v their_o villani_n any_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a wrest_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o those_o who_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n who_o you_o suppose_v be_v either_o their_o bondman_n or_o else_o their_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n it_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o whoever_o hear_v that_o villain_n or_o bondman_n who_o have_v no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n ever_o pay_v tax_n and_o if_o you_o suppose_v that_o these_o villani_n be_v only_o the_o rustic_a tenant_n in_o socage_n by_o villain_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o the_o military_a or_o feudatory_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o tenant_n in_o free_a socage_n by_o certain_a rent_n be_v exempt_a from_o both_o these_o tax_n since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o these_o writ_n neither_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o villani_n as_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v for_o if_o these_o villani_n be_v mere_a rustic_n pray_v tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o put_v they_o check_v by_o jowl_n with_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v by_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o your_o record_n give_v pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la if_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o mention_v have_v not_o represent_v they_o which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v say_v with_o any_o sense_n have_v they_o be_v only_o so_o many_o freeman_n or_o master_n over_o their_o slave_n where_o as_o it_o here_o appear_v every_o one_o of_o these_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n here_o mention_v have_v a_o equal_a independent_a power_n to_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o not_o one_o for_o another_o or_o else_o this_o word_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o where_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n as_o equal_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o recite_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v husbandman_n or_o mere_a villager_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n pof_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o which_o sense_n sir_n henry_n spellman_n allow_v in_o his_o glossary_n villanus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n villa_n habitas_fw-la ut_fw-la vrbanus_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la etc._n etc._n villa_n autem_fw-la propria_fw-la â—â—â—at_fw-la viculum_fw-la rusticanum_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o â—e_n more_fw-it gallici_fw-la idiomatis_fw-la eraducitur_fw-la ad_fw-la insignia_fw-la oppidu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ipsas_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v never_o here_o mean_a mere_a villager_n nor_o can_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la hominesâ—e_o â—e_z only_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o record_n will_v have_v conclude_v thus_o &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v of_o the_o 10_o of_o hen._n 3._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o suffex_n and_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o other_o record_n which_o respect_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o these_o very_a record_n themselves_o of_o the_o 16_o and_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o which_o you_o and_o i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o in_o both_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v to_o assess_n and_o collect_v the_o aid_n in_o every_o county_n and_o who_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o writ_n do_v cause_n to_o be_v elect_v four_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o lawful_a man_n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la of_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n there_o mention_v and_o then_o the_o villani_n will_v signify_v in_o these_o writ_n not_o villain_n or_o mere_a rustic_n who_o be_v not_o then_o reckon_v inter_fw-la lâ—galea_n homines_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a you_o have_v bring_v some_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la give_v tax_n for_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n yet_o that_o be_v only_a where_o the_o tax_n be_v raise_v upon_o knight_n fee_n alone_o and_o not_o upon_o all_o the_o â—ands_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n much_o less_o upon_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o either_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_a mention_v in_o these_o record_n must_v mean_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n who_o by_o their_o representative_n give_v these_o tax_n of_o a_o 40th_o or_o 30_o paâ—t_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o such_o of_o their_o tenant_n who_o hold_v estate_n of_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n or_o have_v estate_n in_o stock_n money_n or_o other_o chattel_n nor_o otherwise_o can_v these_o tax_n ever_o have_v be_v general_a not_o charge_v upon_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o remark_n upon_o your_o observation_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o be_v that_o whereas_o you_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o king_n summons_n be_v direct_v to_o none_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o all_o present_a at_o those_o parliament_n for_o you_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o that_o title_n so_o that_o if_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o under_a tenant_n also_o by_o military_a service_n as_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la p._n 25._o as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n p._n 51._o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o your_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o will_v never_o make_v out_o that_o none_o but_o they_o and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a under_o that_o title_n to_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o to_o grant_v aid_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o he_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o allow_v to_o conclude_v unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o land_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o aid_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o personal_a estate_n that_o all_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n be_v alike_o free_a and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n m._n but_o pray_v make_v out_o if_o you_o can_v by_o some_o more_o evident_a proof_n that_o any_o other_o beside_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v admit_v into_o our_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n john_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v still_o extant_a on_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n m._n 2._o dorso_fw-la begin_v thus_o have_v est_fw-la convenâ—io_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filii_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescalli_n exerciâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ricâ—_n comiâ—em_fw-la dâ—_n clare_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n &_o allos_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liboros_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la angliâ—e_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a this_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o which_o be_v assemble_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n with_o all_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a and_o all_o the_o freeman_n or_o considerable_a freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o as_o mr._n selden_n word_n it_o in_o his_o title_n
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
make_v use_n of_o into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o divers_a quotation_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_a the_o time_n you_o prefix_v viz._n the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_a william_n and_o shall_v descend_v down_o in_o order_n of_o time_n as_o low_o as_o your_o drs._n 18_o of_o edward_n 1_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o the_o authority_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o almost_o all_o our_o court_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o nay_o of_o several_a whole_a parliament_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n of_o sâ—tting_v there_o by_o prescription_n 3._o from_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o our_o neighbour_a kingdom_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o gothick_n model_n the_o commons_o have_v always_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n their_o representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n m._n i_o much_o doubt_v that_o but_o pray_v begin_v with_o your_o ancient_a historian_n for_o as_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o though_o i_o have_v look_v they_o over_o very_o wary_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o they_o concern_v the_o particular_a constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o our_o great_a or_o common_a council_n but_o the_o magnate_v optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la comites_fw-la and_o barones_n all_o which_o though_o you_o have_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n show_v i_o from_o some_o authority_n that_o they_o may_v take_v in_o other_o though_o not_o nobâ—â—_n by_o birth_n yet_o since_o these_o word_n have_v be_v most_o common_o take_v in_o another_o sense_n it_o need_v some_o better_a proof_n than_o to_o say_v in_o general_a that_o mere_a commoner_n be_v there_o because_o those_o general_a word_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la which_o i_o confess_v be_v often_o mention_v to_o be_v present_a at_o those_o assembly_n the_o learned_a dr._n in_o several_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n have_v plain_o prove_v populus_fw-la that_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la sometime_o signify_v the_o bishop_n and_o sometime_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n so_o populus_fw-la do_v also_o neither_o great_a nor_o little_a people_n but_o only_o the_o laity_n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v use_v and_o restrain_v signify_v the_o lay_n plebs_fw-la or_o the_o lay_n magnate_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o plebs_fw-la i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o signify_v the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o such_o as_o be_v inferior_a to_o baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o nobleman_n the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v from_o that_o passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o mr._n p._n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o great_a council_n which_o make_v henry_n the_o first_o king_n 55._o because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o mat._n paris_n that_o congregato_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it etc._n etc._n by_o which_o word_n populus_fw-la he_o will_v understand_v the_o commons_o alone_o distinct_a from_o the_o great_a lord_n 28._o but_o the_o dr._n very_o plain_o shewâ—_n he_o the_o falseness_n of_o this_o interpretation_n from_o the_o same_o author_n within_o three_o line_n of_o the_o place_n himself_o have_v cite_v where_o the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n which_o be_v but_o just_a before_o call_v populus_fw-la be_v present_o after_o call_v magnate_n ad_fw-la haec_fw-la clero_fw-la respondente_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la not_o one_o word_n in_o this_o place_n of_o any_o populus_fw-la but_o the_o great_a or_o nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v be_v the_o people_n or_o layman_n here_o mention_v and_o this_o same_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v by_o eadmerus_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o this_o king_n call_v primate_fw-la regni_fw-la uâ—riusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o as_o florence_n of_o worcester_n word_n it_o 1102_o the_o order_n of_o man_n assemble_v in_o this_o very_a council_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la the_o which_o the_o dr._n also_o prove_v from_o several_a like_o passage_n in_o eadmerus_n in_o all_o which_o as_o also_o in_o all_o other_o author_n the_o dr._n have_v there_o cite_v this_o populus_fw-la be_v explain_v to_o be_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o 32._o that_o be_v all_o the_o great_a as_o well_o as_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o though_o i_o confess_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v you_o bring_v very_o good_a proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v more_o comprehensive_a among_o the_o roman_n yet_o though_o the_o roman_a populus_fw-la comprehend_v all_o the_o people_n as_o well_o nobility_n as_o plebeian_n and_o that_o in_o scotland_n it_o take_v in_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o royal_a burrough_n which_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o this_o word_n must_v needs_o signify_v so_o in_o this_o kingdom_n too_o since_o in_o all_o country_n not_o all_o the_o people_n but_o only_o the_o govern_n part_n of_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o populus_fw-la in_o all_o history_n public_a act_n and_o law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n thus_o in_o denmark_n former_o and_o still_o in_o poland_n the_o populus_fw-la consist_v sole_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o plebeian_n at_o all_o f._n i_o hope_v we_o have_v do_v wrangle_v about_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o plain_o that_o by_o this_o word_n use_v in_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v not_o only_o mean_v the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o another_o large_a and_o more_o comprehensive_a body_n and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v still_o restrain_v by_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o the_o magnate_v primate_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la all_o which_o word_n do_v in_o their_o genuine_a signification_n signify_v great_a or_o nobleman_n and_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o different_a acceptation_n yet_o that_o it_o lie_v upon_o i_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o my_o sense_n to_o this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o prove_a part_n ought_v to_o lie_v whole_o of_o your_o side_n for_o since_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v be_v for_o above_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n constituent_a member_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n and_o that_o they_o also_o claim_v to_o be_v so_o by_o right_a of_o prescription_n it_o lie_v still_o upon_o your_o door_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o to_o show_v at_o what_o time_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v which_o if_o you_o have_v not_o be_v able_a hitherto_o to_o perform_v so_o as_o to_o give_v i_o any_o tolerable_a satisfaction_n you_o can_v blame_v i_o if_o i_o still_o keep_v my_o own_o opinion_n and_o believe_v they_o as_o ancient_a as_o kingly_a government_n itself_o in_o this_o our_o island_n but_o since_o i_o grant_v these_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v of_o a_o general_a and_o equivocal_a signification_n their_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n be_v best_a to_o be_v understand_v from_o the_o subject_a matter_n that_o be_v treat_v of_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o first_o from_o the_o nature_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o government_n that_o they_o must_v signify_v many_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z and_o then_o i_o shall_v confirm_v my_o interpretation_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o ancient_a historian_n as_o live_v either_o in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o time_n i_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v first_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o great_a analogy_n there_o be_v between_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o the_o populus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o clerus_fw-la take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o our_o common_a council_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o populus_fw-la must_v do_v so_o too_o now_o that_o this_o word_n clerus_fw-la when_o use_v by_o itself_o do_v not_o original_o signify_v either_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n alone_o or_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n alone_o as_o your_o dr._n assert_n be_v evident_a because_o clerus_fw-la be_v a_o general_a word_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o clergy_n of_o whatsoever_o sort_n or_o degree_n now_o that_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o superior_a as_o
assemble_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n &c_n &c_n the_o pope_n legate_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o beside_o these_o cum_fw-la innumera_fw-la cloi_n &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n show_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o those_o constitution_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o ecclesiastical_a there_o make_v and_o publish_v they_o be_v propose_v with_o a_o placet_fw-la vobis_fw-la and_o the_o answer_n to_o they_o be_v plaecet_fw-la placet_fw-la placet_fw-la thrice_o repeat_v which_o be_v very_o like_o the_o form_n still_o observe_v in_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n give_v their_o consent_n to_o all_o matter_n propose_v in_o their_o house_n by_o say_v content_a so_o likewise_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1127._o be_v the_o 27_o of_o this_o king_n mention_n such_o another_o general_n council_n or_o great_a synod_n 35._o wherein_o william_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o after_o the_o recital_n of_o all_o the_o superior_a clergy_n as_o before_o he_o thus_o proceed_v confluxere_fw-la quoque_fw-la illue_n i._n e._n to_o westminster_n magnae_fw-la multitudines_fw-la clericorum_fw-la &_o laicorum_fw-la tam_fw-la divitum_fw-la quam_fw-la mediocrium_fw-la &_o sactus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la inaestimabilis_fw-la sedit_fw-la etiam_fw-la tribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la acta_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la saecularibus_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quaedam_fw-la quidem_fw-la determinata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la dilata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la vero_fw-la propter_fw-la nimium_fw-la aestuantis_fw-la turbae_fw-la tumultum_fw-la ab_fw-la audientia_fw-la judicantium_fw-la proâ—â—igata_fw-la and_o though_o the_o author_n give_v we_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n only_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o he_o that_o civil_a matter_n be_v also_o transact_v in_o this_o very_a council_n which_o consist_v as_o well_o of_o the_o superior_a as_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v all_o express_v under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o divitum_fw-la &_o mediocrium_fw-la and_o resemble_v the_o phrase_n of_o the_o majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o the_o des_fw-fr greindres_n &_o des_fw-fr meindres_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o gloucester_n which_o word_n be_v debate_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v also_o several_a council_n hold_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o his_o three_o year_n in_o which_o be_v grant_v a_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o this_o king_n 1139._o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sulcardus_n chartalary_n abovementioned_a wherein_o after_o the_o general_a word_n of_o habito_fw-la universali_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la consilio_fw-la and_o a_o mention_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n who_o preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n it_o follow_v thus_o â—ffuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la comites_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o barones_n quamplurimi_a &_o innumera_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la his_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la &_o religioso_fw-la favore_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la authoritati_fw-la nostrae_fw-la paginae_fw-la &_o privilegio_fw-la praebuâ—rent_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n under_o a._n d._n 1139._o be_v the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 622._o when_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a council_n then_o hold_v at_o london_n he_o express_v it_o in_o these_o term_n concilio_n adunato_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n and_o then_o explain_v of_o what_o member_n these_o do_v consist_v viz_o episcoporum_fw-la atque_fw-la abbatum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la &_o clericorum_fw-la plebisque_fw-la infinitae_fw-la multitudinis_fw-la now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n from_o these_o passage_n in_o all_o these_o ancient_a charter_n and_o historian_n that_o beside_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o as_o the_o ely_n chronicle_n word_n it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o clerk_n and_o commons_o now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o can_v be_v mean_v here_o by_o all_o these_o put_v distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o high_a order_n but_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o the_o dean_n archdeacon_n and_o procurator_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o cathedral_n church_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n of_o the_o whole_a diocese_n and_o who_o can_v be_v mean_v by_o this_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n or_o plebis_fw-la which_o natural_o signify_v the_o common_a people_n distinct_a from_o the_o high_a nobility_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manner_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o high_a nobility_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o who_o come_v not_o only_o as_o idle_a spectator_n since_o the_o charter_n i_o last_o cite_v express_o mention_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o also_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n stephens_n m._n and_o may_v i_o not_o with_o as_o good_a reason_n ask_v you_o why_o these_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la may_v not_o in_o the_o historical_a barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n serve_v only_o to_o express_v not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n or_o mere_a common_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la beneath_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o two_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o that_o first_o from_o the_o great_a analogy_n there_o be_v then_o between_o the_o member_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a laiety_n or_o commons_o the_o former_a of_o which_o even_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n except_o those_o few_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n already_o mention_v hold_v only_o in_o frank_n alimoign_n and_o not_o by_o any_o military_a tenure_n at_o all_o now_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o also_o consist_v of_o all_o other_o order_n of_o man_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la neither_o and_o by_o who_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o rabble_n though_o freemen_n of_o freeholders_n of_o small_a estate_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o i_o suppose_v represent_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o inferior_a tenant_n whether_o copy-holders_n or_o for_o term_n of_o year_n as_o also_o the_o representative_n of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n town_n in_o england_n now_o these_o might_n together_o with_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n as_o may_v very_o well_o deserve_v the_o title_n with_o a_o easy_a hyperbole_n of_o infinita_fw-la or_o innumera_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o our_o ancient_a historian_n express_v it_o whereas_o your_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o in_o these_o first_o time_n after_o this_o conquest_n amount_v to_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n not_o be_v by_o his_o own_o confession_n 171._o above_o 700_o person_n beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o make_v above_o 100_o more_o which_o can_v never_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o infinite_a and_o innumerable_a multitude_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v that_o neither_o your_o notion_n nor_o your_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o do_v any_o way_n satisfy_v i_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n your_o argument_n from_o the_o analogy_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o you_o say_v make_v up_o this_o assembly_n do_v not_o hold_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o may_v be_v in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v the_o convocation_n and_o be_v then_o call_v the_o synod_n all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n nay_o procurator_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n too_o if_o you_o please_v yet_o be_v not_o these_o who_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o a_o distinct_a assembly_n from_o it_o which_o treat_v only_o of_o spiritual_a matter_n and_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v ecclesiastical_a canon_n as_o the_o two_o house_n of_o convocation_n do_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o meddle_v not_o at_o all_o in_o matter_n of_o a_o mere_a civil_a or_o temporal_a concern_v any_o more_o than_o the_o lay_v council_n can_v meddle_v with_o spiritual_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v evident_a beyond_o dispute_n that_o this_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n be_v often_o assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n when_o the_o common_a
i._o it_o signify_v only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la till_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o that_o king_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v prepossession_n and_o prejudice_n have_v so_o much_o overrun_v you_o as_o to_o hinder_v you_o from_o close_v with_o the_o truth_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o author_n can_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v without_o dispute_n comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o parliament_n under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o proâ—eres_fw-la and_o magnate_v and_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o next_o passage_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n why_o may_v not_o other_o writer_n do_v so_o too_o in_o other_o parliament_n as_o for_o your_o next_o exception_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a cavil_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o summons_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o king_n edward_n relic_n be_v to_o a_o parliament_n by_o the_o word_n that_o follow_v nobiles_fw-la ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertractare_fw-la and_o why_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v not_o be_v as_o well_o elect_v by_o their_o respective_a city_n and_o burrough_n this_o year_n as_o well_o as_o the_o last_o as_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n which_o the_o dr._n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o register_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a argument_n to_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o you_o objection_n against_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o 54_o the_o henry_n 3_o d_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o unreasonable_a since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n alter_v not_o only_a when_o writer_n shift_v their_o phrase_n but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n be_v all_o perish_v and_o to_o deny_v the_o commons_o be_v there_o only_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v altogether_o as_o unjust_a as_o for_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o turn_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o actual_a and_o long_a possession_n of_o a_o estate_n mere_o because_o his_o write_n and_o evidence_n by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o roguery_n of_o his_o servant_n have_v happen_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o burn_v but_o full_o to_o convince_v you_o if_o possible_a that_o dr._n bradyes_n opinion_n of_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v again_o summon_v from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a authority_n both_o of_o historian_n and_o record_n and_o to_o come_v to_o plain_a proof_n pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o i._o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o rebellion_n of_o lewellyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n dorso_fw-la that_o he_o have_v de_fw-la consilio_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la resolve_v god_n willing_a to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o welsh_a rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v resolve_v upon_o at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o year_n before_o and_o now_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n a_o war_n which_o that_o valiant_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n effectual_o conclude_v by_o the_o total_a subdue_a of_o wales_n and_o kill_v of_o lewellyn_n who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o london_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o war_n knighton_n as_o well_o as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la be_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n wherein_o lewellyn_n be_v condemn_v now_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o ciâ—es_n be_v elect_v or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o burgess_n choose_v for_o the_o burrough_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n there_o be_v indeed_o magnate_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o they_o may_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n well_o then_o since_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o direct_a and_o evident_a proof_n such_o as_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o dr._n b._n will_v i_o hope_v deny_v pray_v take_v this_o which_o mr._n petyt_n have_v not_o long_o since_o communicate_v to_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v late_o discover_v in_o rotulo_n walliae_fw-la in_o a_o bye_n roll_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n as_o i_o know_v of_o before_o ibid._n it_o be_v a_o formal_a writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o long_a keeper_n of_o these_o record_n and_o sure_a aught_o to_o have_v peruse_v they_o as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o reign_n yet_o have_v either_o wilful_o or_o careless_o pass_v by_o this_o so_o memorable_a a_o record_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v convince_v you_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v over_o positive_a in_o a_o opinion_n because_o it_o can_v not_o present_o be_v confute_v and_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n will_v appear_v as_o well_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n reign_v have_v not_o those_o record_n be_v lose_v and_o destroy_v which_o consider_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o those_o that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v yet_o leâ—t_v we_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v tell_v i_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o yet_o thought_n can_v be_v
you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v solve_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n k._n john_n be_v no_o more_o compel_v to_o agree_v to_o this_o clause_n than_o he_o be_v to_o the_o charter_n themselves_o and_o if_o those_o be_v lawful_a and_o reasonable_a so_o be_v this_o resistance_n too_o since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n lest_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v go_v from_o his_o own_o act_n and_o break_v through_o all_o he_o have_v do_v so_o that_o if_o the_o end_n be_v lawful_a the_o mean_n to_o preserve_v it_o must_v be_v so_o too_o or_o else_o those_o charter_n will_v have_v signify_v nothing_o any_o long_a than_o the_o king_n please_v as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n that_o this_o resistance_n be_v still_o to_o be_v save_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o this_o do_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o baron_n after_o make_v war_n against_o his_o person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o be_v not_o their_o fault_n but_o the_o king_n be_v if_o they_o can_v not_o perform_v this_o agreement_n since_o the_o king_n by_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n by_o his_o open_a and_o notorious_a breach_n and_o recall_v of_o these_o charter_n call_v in_o stranger_n to_o his_o assistance_n and_o declare_v he_o will_v no_o long_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n have_v make_v it_o absolute_o unpracticable_a to_o preserve_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o any_o long_o so_o that_o they_o never_o cast_v off_o their_o duty_n as_o subject_n till_o he_o have_v cast_v off_o his_o duty_n as_o a_o king_n and_o then_o what_o be_v there_o else_o leave_v to_o be_v do_v but_o to_o provide_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n by_o call_v in_o a_o foreign_a prince_n to_o their_o assistance_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v they_o to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o those_o troop_n of_o stranger_n the_o king_n have_v invite_v over_o and_o though_o many_o of_o they_o with_o their_o captain_n hugh_n de_fw-fr boves_fw-la have_v be_v cast_v away_o and_o drown_v in_o a_o tempest_n at_o sea_n yet_o more_o be_v daily_o expect_v so_o that_o if_o tyrant_n shall_v suffer_v nothing_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o own_o charter_n and_o oath_n they_o will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o their_o violation_n than_o the_o observe_n of_o they_o â—or_a by_o the_o make_v they_o they_o for_o the_o present_a quiet_a the_o mind_n of_o their_o discontent_a subject_n and_o when_o they_o please_v may_v break_v they_o all_o again_o when_o they_o have_v get_v power_n if_o no_o body_n must_v presume_v to_o resist_v they_o or_o not_o think_v they_o as_o much_o king_n when_o they_o destroy_v and_o oppress_v their_o people_n as_o when_o they_o protect_v and_o preserve_v they_o by_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o pray_v what_o have_v you_o to_o say_v against_o that_o general_a resistance_n that_o be_v make_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o frequent_a and_o notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o have_v so_o often_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v and_o for_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v such_o great_a benevolence_n and_o subsidy_n from_o the_o nation_n m._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o question_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o your_o argument_n that_o when_o ever_o subject_n shall_v think_v themselves_o injure_v and_o oppress_v by_o their_o sovereign_n that_o then_o they_o may_v cast_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o remedy_n they_o desire_v since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v they_o both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o their_o own_o cause_n which_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o unreasonable_a between_o private_a man_n much_o more_o between_o king_n and_o subject_n but_o pass_v by_o this_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v tell_v you_o my_o opinion_n of_o this_o resistance_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n his_o adherent_n that_o it_o be_v downright_a rebellion_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o dethrone_v the_o king_n and_o make_v he_o a_o mere_a cypher_n and_o to_o devolve_v the_o whole_a government_n upon_o themselves_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o oxford_n provision_n recite_v by_o so_o many_o author_n of_o that_o age_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v and_o consequent_o those_o violent_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o be_v obtain_v by_o lewis_n the_o nine_o king_n of_o france_n who_o in_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o estate_n upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a difference_n between_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o his_o baron_n declare_v these_o oxford_n provision_n null_n and_o void_a so_o far_o be_v this_o good_a and_o pious_a king_n from_o countenance_v any_o rebellion_n or_o resistance_n as_o you_o term_v it_o of_o subject_n against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n f._n for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v then_o at_o all_o condemn_v this_o defence_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v before_o make_v of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o though_o he_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o former_a power_n by_o avoid_v the_o oxford_n provision_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o this_o be_v do_v 992._o as_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o he_o express_o except_v the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n vniversâ—li_n seil_fw-fr angliae_fw-la concessae_fw-la and_o from_o which_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la in_o nullo_n intendibat_fw-la penâ—tus_fw-la derogare_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o intend_v to_o derogate_v from_o they_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o justice_n condemn_v the_o only_a mean_n the_o baron_n have_v to_o maintain_v they_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o fresh_a promise_n and_o oath_n of_o this_o fickle_a inconstant_a king_n all_o break_a and_o lay_v aside_o so_o that_o you_o may_v as_o well_o or_o better_o allege_v the_o pope_n shameful_a absolution_n of_o this_o king_n from_o this_o oath_n he_o have_v make_v to_o observe_v the_o great_a charter_n as_o a_o argument_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o long_o bind_v by_o they_o nor_o the_o baron_n oblige_v to_o defend_v they_o as_o this_o sentence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o render_v the_o resistance_n the_o baron_n have_v make_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o king_n henry_n himself_o do_v afterward_o allow_v this_o resistance_n for_o good_a and_o lawful_a pray_v see_v the_o agreement_n which_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v in_o full_a parliament_n 5._o in_o the_o 49th_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n whereby_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n and_o ordinance_n which_o have_v be_v before_o agree_v upon_o at_o london_n in_o the_o 48th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o then_o follow_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o record_n which_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v print_v in_o his_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a because_o it_o be_v very_o old_a and_o obscure_a it_o be_v thus_o and_o if_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n viz._n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o ordinance_n aforesaid_a or_o shall_v grieve_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o their_o party_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o thing_n aforesaid_a that_o then_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o membrane_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la nostri_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o doctor_n brady_n think_v fit_a to_o conceal_v and_o not_o publish_v with_o the_o former_a record_n because_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o at_o all_o suit_n with_o his_o notion_n in_o this_o place_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o so_o solemn_a a_o agreement_n upon_o the_o record_n will_v have_v be_v very_o considerable_a have_v it_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v be_v free_a dein_fw-ge and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n whereas_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o power_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n who_o call_v that_o famous_a parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v 143._o and_o therefore_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o deliver_v at_o this_o time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n his_o father_n out_o of_o their_o power_n and_o be_v only_o take_v out_o of_o dover_n castle_n and_o make_v a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o guard_n as_o his_o father_n be_v until_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n from_o his_o keeper_n at_o hereford_n castle_n so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o value_n this_o agreement_n because_o make_v by_o duress_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v express_v that_o it_o be_v de_fw-la unanimi_fw-la coâ—sensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la etc._n etc._n edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o by_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n have_v discharge_v himself_o of_o all_o royal_a power_n and_o confirm_v this_o agreement_n whereby_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 161_o with_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n in_o which_o he_o pardon_v the_o say_a earl_n and_o all_o his_o company_n and_o also_o all_o the_o londoner_n all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n quit_v and_o discharge_v the_o earl_n and_o his_o company_n so_o do_v the_o say_a earl_n hereby_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o company_n remit_v to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o king_n any_o thing_n do_v since_o that_o moment_n that_o be_v that_o civil_a war_n in_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o evesham_n so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n that_o the_o pardon_n be_v make_v mutual_a not_o only_o for_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o but_o also_o for_o those_o that_o have_v take_v the_o king_n part_n but_o i_o shall_v come_v now_o to_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o where_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n assert_v more_o than_o once_o not_o only_o by_o private_a man_n but_o by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n command_n or_o permission_n at_o least_o in_o the_o 29_o of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o earl_n 436._o baron_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o in_o vindication_n of_o the_o king_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n to_o which_o you_o will_v find_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la permittimus_fw-la nec_fw-la permittemus_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la debemus_fw-la praemissa_fw-la tam_fw-la insolita_fw-la indebita_fw-la &_o praejudicialia_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la inaudita_fw-la praelibatum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la vellet_fw-la facere_fw-la modo_fw-la quolibit_fw-la attemptare_fw-la which_o restraint_n of_o the_o king_n will_n must_v certain_o mean_v some_o what_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a remonstrance_n or_o declaration_n against_o it_o since_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n king_n make_v nothing_o of_o mere_a verbal_a declaration_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n they_o think_v belong_v to_o their_o prerogative_n though_o the_o parliament_n declare_v against_o it_o and_o to_o let_v you_o far_o see_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o believe_v and_o practise_v all_o over_o europe_n you_o will_v find_v almost_o the_o same_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno_fw-la 1203._o which_o fall_v about_o the_o 30_o of_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o be_v send_v to_o the_o same_o pope_n boniface_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o manifold_a usurpation_n upon_o the_o church_n of_o france_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o that_o kingdom_n 954._o whereby_o it_o not_o only_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n baron_n etc._n etc._n &_o communitates_fw-la villarum_fw-la but_o they_o also_o there_o declare_v expressius_fw-la viva_fw-la voce_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la praesatus_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la quod_fw-la absit_fw-la toleraâ—â—_n uâ—l_v dissimulate_v veilet_fw-la ipsi_fw-la scil_n episcopi_fw-la &_o barones_n &c._n &c._n nullotâ—nus_fw-la sustinerent_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o temporal_a estate_n but_o the_o very_a clergy_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v the_o king_n to_o act_v thus_o no_o not_o if_o he_o will_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n do_v actual_o put_v this_o doctrine_n in_o execution_n some_o few_o year_n before_o
his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n have_v provide_v and_o ordain_v &c._n &c._n as_o follow_v that_o no_o great_a man_n nor_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n dignity_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o say_a king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o with_o the_o queen_n in_o aid_n of_o they_o to_o pursue_v their_o say_a enemy_n and_o in_o which_o pursuit_n the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o ward_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v impeach_v molest_v or_o grieve_v in_o person_n or_o in_o good_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o pursuit_n and_o take_v in_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n nor_o for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o any_o other_o person_n not_o take_v their_o good_n nor_o for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n perpetrate_v or_o commit_v in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n arrival_n until_o the_o day_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o say_v king_n this_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v so_o full_a a_o justification_n of_o the_o necessity_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v then_o make_v against_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o his_o wicked_a councillor_n the_o spencer_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n and_o though_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o follow_v the_o like_a arbitrary_a course_n yet_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o grandson_n be_v a_o wilful_a hot_a head_a young_a prince_n fall_v into_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n and_o find_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a resistance_n from_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n for_o when_o he_o have_v high_o misgoverned_n the_o realm_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n alexander_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o ely_z with_o thomas_z duke_z of_o gloucester_z the_o king_n uncle_n richard_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o nine_o or_o ten_o other_o lord_n and_o bishop_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o king_n be_v new_o of_o age_n refuse_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n but_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o to_o try_v what_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v and_o also_o to_o hinder_v the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n from_o have_v any_o access_n to_o he_o but_o see_v what_o follow_v these_o violent_a and_o arbitrary_a course_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o very_a time_n and_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o king_n reign_n than_o any_o other_o historian_n 2697._o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o earl_n now_o mention_v sound_v they_o can_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o precede_a parliament_n through_o the_o hindrance_n of_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n nich._n brembar_v and_o robert_n tresillian_n chief_a justice_n and_o other_o who_o have_v seduce_v the_o king_n and_o make_v he_o alienate_v himself_o from_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o lord_n aforesaid_a with_o a_o great_a guard_n of_o knight_n esquire_n and_o archer_n come_v up_o towards_o london_n and_o quarter_v in_o the_o village_n adjacent_a and_o then_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o lord_n lovat_n the_o lord_n cobham_n the_o lord_n eures_fw-mi with_o other_o go_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o the_o duke_n 2700._o and_o earl_n and_o demand_v all_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a to_o be_v banish_v as_o seducer_n and_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n than_o swear_v upon_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o say_a archbishop_n not_o to_o desist_v till_o they_o have_v obtain_v what_o they_o come_v for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o meeting_n be_v that_o the_o king_n not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v they_o be_v force_v immediate_o to_o call_v that_o remarkable_a parliament_n of_o the_o 11_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o which_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n be_v attaint_v and_o tresillian_n and_o divers_a other_o judge_n sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v at_o tyburn_n upon_o the_o impeachment_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n for_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o article_n the_o king_n have_v not_o long_o before_o propose_v to_o they_o at_o nottingham_n i_o shall_v omit_v the_o resistance_n which_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n make_v after_o his_o arrival_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o the_o north_n of_o england_n against_o the_o arbitrary_a government_n of_o this_o king_n be_v then_o in_o ireland_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v but_o because_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o far_a than_o perhaps_o it_o need_v to_o have_v be_v and_o end_v in_o the_o deposition_n of_o this_o king_n only_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o there_o be_v the_o same_o act_n of_o indemnity_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n pass_v for_o all_o those_o that_o have_v come_v over_o with_o that_o king_n and_o have_v assist_v he_o against_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o his_o evil_a councillor_n as_o be_v pass_v before_o in_o primo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v not_o also_o insist_v upon_o the_o resistance_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o evil_a government_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o minion_n the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n because_o you_o may_v say_v that_o this_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n as_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o will_v i_o instance_n in_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n during_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o since_o it_o be_v dispute_v to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v in_o the_o fault_n and_o begin_v this_o civil_a war_n whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o parliament_n only_o thus_o much_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o king_n in_o none_o of_o his_o declaration_n ever_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o people_n have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v he_o in_o case_n he_o have_v make_v war_n upon_o they_o or_o have_v introduce_v arbitrary_a government_n and_o express_o own_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o one_o of_o the_o parliament_n message_n that_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o restrain_v tyranny_n but_o deny_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o still_o assert_v that_o he_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o just_a right_n and_o prerogative_n to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o they_o go_v about_o to_o take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n m._n i_o have_v with_o the_o great_a patience_n hearken_v to_o your_o history_n of_o resistance_n in_o all_o the_o king_n reign_v you_o have_v mention_v because_o i_o can_v desire_v any_o better_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o unlawfulness_n of_o such_o resistance_n than_o those_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o indemnity_n you_o can_v but_o confess_v have_v
downright_a treason_n to_o resist_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o last_o difficulty_n will_v be_v easy_o answer_v viz._n by_o what_o authority_n or_o commission_n the_o people_n may_v make_v this_o general_a resistance_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o commission_n grant_v to_o person_n uncapable_a by_o law_n to_o take_v they_o or_o for_o illegal_a purpose_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v issue_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n will_v and_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o void_a in_o law_n and_o consequent_o the_o person_n not_o to_o be_v commission_v at_o all_o and_o so_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o king_n legal_a officer_n all_o over_o england_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v but_o if_o once_o the_o king_n shall_v countenance_v and_o abett_n such_o robber_n by_o his_o own_o personal_a presence_n this_o resistance_n may_v then_o be_v make_v and_o justify_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n not_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n against_o his_o person_n but_o by_o another_o high_a and_o precedent_a right_n viz._n the_o right_n of_o self-defence_n and_o the_o common-safety_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o the_o people_n must_v have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o else_o all_o monarchy_n will_v be_v alike_o and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o between_o absolute_a and_o limit_a kingdom_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o other_o kingdom_n but_o this_o much_o i_o firm_o believe_v that_o our_o king_n be_v absolute_a monarch_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v limit_v themselves_o by_o law_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o administration_n of_o these_o grand_a essential_o of_o government_n the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o raise_v of_o money_n so_o that_o since_o the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o government_n be_v still_o in_o themselves_o as_o god_n vicegerent_n here_o on_o earth_n and_o not_o as_o the_o people_n deputy_n i_o can_v but_o still_o understand_v this_o oath_n in_o the_o strict_a literal_a sense_n in_o which_o i_o be_o confident_a this_o parliament_n mean_v it_o and_o therefore_o since_o they_o have_v express_o declare_v the_o law_n to_o be_v so_o i_o will_v not_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o know_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o the_o king_n person_n be_v not_o only_o unaccountable_a but_o irresistible_a too_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v you_o that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a for_o this_o nation_n or_o any_o other_o of_o a_o like_a constitution_n to_o suffer_v the_o worst_a that_o may_v happen_v from_o the_o ill_a government_n nay_o tyranny_n of_o our_o king_n than_o to_o involve_v themselves_o in_o blood_n and_o confusion_n by_o rebellion_n and_o civil_a war_n as_o often_o as_o the_o people_n shall_v judge_v though_o never_o so_o false_o that_o their_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n be_v forcible_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o express_o prove_v at_o our_o 5_o meeting_n and_o that_o from_o undoubted_a testimony_n from_o our_o ancient_a history_n and_o writer_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o also_o from_o the_o whole_a constant_a tenor_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o limit_v by_o their_o own_o concession_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o administration_n of_o their_o sovereign_a power_n but_o from_o the_o first_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a legislative_a power_n i_o care_v not_o what_o some_o divine_n have_v write_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o law_n question_n the_o supreme_a authority_n alone_o ought_v to_o decide_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n in_o this_o case_n what_o the_o scripture_n say_v nor_o yet_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o former_a have_v not_o and_o the_o latter_a can_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o legal_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o where_o the_o supreme_a power_n reside_v and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o this_o parliament_n never_o so_o much_o to_o bar_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v thing_n absolute_o inconsistent_a and_o contradictory_n in_o themselves_o as_o they_o must_v have_v do_v have_v they_o make_v the_o person_n of_o all_o officer_n however_o commission_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_o irresistible_a and_o much_o more_o if_o they_o have_v induce_v the_o king_n presence_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n for_o they_o to_o commit_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o yet_o have_v suppose_v they_o have_v thereby_o alter_v nothing_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n though_o they_o have_v render_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o limited_a a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n which_o as_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v it_o be_v in_o their_o will_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o grant_v if_o they_o will_v and_o therefore_o as_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n so_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o to_o be_v any_o law_n at_o all_o in_o the_o sense_n you_o will_v put_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o unwary_a declaration_n of_o a_o parliament_n of_o very_o young_a man_n not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n be_v come_v in_o who_o through_o the_o great_a abhorrence_n they_o have_v of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n raise_v by_o the_o parliament_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n be_v draw_v in_o before_o they_o be_v aware_a to_o be_v a_o little_a too_o free_a in_o their_o expression_n not_o consider_v the_o consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v but_o when_o this_o fond_a fit_a be_v over_o and_o that_o a_o stand_a army_n have_v be_v raise_v in_o england_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o dutch_a war_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o declaration_n of_o indulgence_n make_v some_o approach_n to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o will_v in_o that_o very_a parliament_n in_o 1675._o have_v impose_v this_o very_a oath_n or_o test_n not_o only_o upon_o those_o who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o before_o but_o upon_o all_o peer_n and_o parliament_n man_n before_o ever_o they_o sit_v in_o the_o two_o house_n as_o also_o upon_o all_o officer_n in_o church_n and_o state_n to_o the_o very_a justice_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o disguise_n be_v now_o see_v through_o it_o make_v divers_a of_o the_o peer_n even_o those_o of_o great_a loyalty_n and_o wisdom_n stiff_o to_o oppose_v the_o lay_v this_o test_n upon_o all_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o it_o be_v then_o the_o design_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o court-party_n to_o have_v do_v which_o vigorous_a opposition_n though_o in_o the_o small_a number_n yet_o meet_v with_o such_o good_a success_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v not_o then_o carry_v it_o and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v afterward_o so_o much_o open_v that_o the_o king_n dare_v never_o offer_v this_o test_n any_o more_o to_o either_o of_o the_o two_o house_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v but_o consider_v this_o matter_n of_o fact_n how_o this_o test_n be_v first_o obtain_v and_o how_o afterward_o when_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o set_v up_o arbitrary_a power_n be_v also_o as_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o they_o and_o their_o be_v sensible_a that_o the_o parliament_n have_v go_v too_o far_o already_o in_o do_v what_o they_o have_v do_v i_o think_v none_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n in_o your_o sense_n except_o those_o clergyman_n who_o will_v allow_v none_o to_o be_v of_o their_o church_n but_o those_o who_o be_v for_o this_o passive_a obedience_n according_a to_o their_o prejudicate_a notion_n of_o loyalty_n or_o else_o some_o few_o mercenary_a lawyer_n who_o in_o hope_n of_o preferment_n which_o they_o can_v never_o otherwise_o obtain_v will_v interpret_v this_o oath_n in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v make_v we_o all_o papist_n and_o slave_n too_o whenever_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o now_o which_o of_o these_o extreme_n be_v worst_a that_o the_o people_n shall_v judge_v for_o themselves_o though_o perhaps_o erroneous_o when_o the_o king_n or_o those_o act_n by_o his_o illegal_a commission_n shall_v violent_o assault_v they_o in_o their_o religion_n life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n that_o thereupon_o they_o make_v resistance_n with_o one_o consent_n when_o they_o find_v themselves_o bring_v to_o this_o
and_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o if_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o answer_v positive_o to_o those_o question_n propose_v to_o they_o i_o know_v no_o other_o penalty_n they_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o more_o than_o be_v put_v out_o of_o commission_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o punishment_n but_o rather_o a_o ease_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o defend_v those_o evil_a minister_n that_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o this_o method_n of_o distrust_v and_o disoblige_v his_o best_a protestant_a subject_n i_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o put_v they_o out_o and_o put_v in_o either_o papist_n or_o fanatic_n in_o their_o stead_n yet_o all_o that_o own_o themselves_o of_o that_o communion_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v of_o more_o loyal_a principle_n than_o to_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v do_v upon_o pretence_n of_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n declaration_n against_o these_o abuse_n f._n i_o see_v though_o you_o can_v direct_o justify_v the_o examine_n of_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n about_o take_v away_o the_o penal_a law_n and_o test_n and_o turn_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v yet_o you_o strive_v to_o mitigate_v it_o as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v by_o make_v it_o part_v of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o put_v in_o and_o out_o what_o judge_n justices_z and_o other_o officer_n he_o please_v well_o grant_v this_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o sure_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o closit_n of_o judge_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v and_o put_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v sure_o a_o strange_a abuse_n of_o that_o prerogative_n and_o the_o excuse_v you_o make_v that_o the_o person_n examine_v have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v whether_o they_o will_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n or_o not_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o as_o well_o those_o who_o give_v doubtful_a answer_n or_o refuse_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n at_o all_o be_v as_o much_o turn_v out_o as_o they_o who_o positive_o deny_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n demand_n so_o that_o no_o answer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o satisfactory_a but_o such_o as_o seem_v to_o give_v up_o all_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o vote_n in_o parliament_n none_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o king_n direction_n but_o such_o as_o will_v engage_v before_o hand_n to_o repeal_v the_o test_n and_o penal_a law_n and_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o thus_o examine_v all_o these_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n you_o now_o mention_v and_o by_o turn_v those_o out_o that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o hinder_v the_o free_a election_n of_o member_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o give_v their_o vote_n when_o they_o come_v thither_o and_o the_o king_n may_v as_o well_o another_o time_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o member_n choose_v but_o such_o as_o will_v agree_v to_o take_v away_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concidendo_fw-la or_o any_o branch_n of_o magna_n chartâ—_n which_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o have_v repeal_v and_o as_o this_o strike_v at_o the_o very_a fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n viz_o the_o free_a election_n of_o parliament_n man_n so_o it_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o ii_o that_o he_o have_v cause_v the_o sheriff_n to_o return_v who_o he_o please_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o but_o what_o say_v you_o to_o the_o king_n late_o call_v in_o almost_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o city_n town_n and_o corporation_n in_o england_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a or_o fanatic_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n into_o the_o room_n of_o those_o that_o be_v turn_v out_o only_o to_o influence_n election_n and_o to_o procure_v what_o person_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v return_v for_o parliament_n man_n be_v not_o this_o a_o grand_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o to_o take_v away_o the_o legal_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o these_o corporation_n for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o procure_v the_o king_n such_o parliament_n man_n as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v this_o soon_o and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o defend_v the_o legality_n of_o it_o much_o less_o the_o design_n for_o which_o it_o be_v do_v since_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o destroy_v or_o at_o least_o to_o humble_v the_o church_n of_o england_n yet_o since_o iâ—_n be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n and_o no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v former_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n late_o in_o arm_n can_v defend_v their_o rise_n upon_o that_o ground_n unless_o they_o will_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n justify_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o plot_n and_o rebellion_n intend_v in_o the_o same_o reign_n and_o in_o which_o so_o many_o of_o the_o whig_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v deep_o engage_v f._n to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o vindication_n of_o this_o great_a violation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n tell_v you_o that_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v into_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n whether_o a_o corporation_n can_v forfeit_v its_o charter_n for_o misdemeanour_n or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o concern_v myself_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o or_o without_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n since_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o none_o of_o the_o judge_n be_v permit_v to_o sit_v there_o nor_o any_o new_a one_o put_v in_o but_o such_o as_o will_v blind_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o court_n will_v have_v do_v and_o therefore_o i_o value_v nor_o any_o thing_n they_o do_v nor_o think_v it_o one_o â—ot_n the_o more_o legal_a for_o their_o judgement_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o excuse_n that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o king_n charles_n reign_n and_o therefore_o may_v as_o well_o be_v do_v now_o without_o any_o rise_n against_o it_o for_o though_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o take_n away_o of_o the_o charter_n from_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o other_o city_n and_o corporation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n one_o of_o the_o most_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a act_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n yet_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n which_o make_v it_o unlawful_a for_o the_o nation_n to_o rise_v then_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v so_o now_o as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o most_o of_o those_o charter_n be_v either_o willing_o surrender_v by_o the_o member_n of_o those_o corporation_n or_o else_o be_v declare_v forfeit_v by_o due_a trial_n and_o judgement_n of_o law_n whereas_o it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o in_o this_o king_n time_n when_o notwithstanding_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a in_o england_n have_v but_o a_o few_o year_n before_o take_v out_o new_a charter_n to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o expense_n they_o be_v now_o summon_v anew_o to_o surrender_v these_o again_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o king_n pleasure_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o all_o the_o corporation_n of_o england_n can_v have_v forfeit_v their_o charter_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o they_o be_v plain_o tell_v that_o the_o king_n must_v and_o will_v have_v they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o stand_v out_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o all_o the_o city_n and_o corporation_n of_o england_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v patient_o to_o this_o violation_n since_o they_o find_v by_o experience_n the_o judge_n be_v ready_a to_o give_v judgement_n against_o they_o right_a or_o wrong_n and_o beside_o this_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o maxim_n that_o no_o resistance_n whatever_o be_v to_o be_v make_v till_o matter_n become_v desperate_a and_o all_o other_o mean_n be_v become_v absolute_o ineffectual_a which_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o as_o long_o as_o king_n charles_n live_v who_o beside_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o his_o humour_n which_o seldom_o persist_v long_o either_o in_o well_o or_o evil_a do_v especial_o if_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o it_o be_v well_o lay_v
&_o legitimi_fw-la barones_n who_o as_o ordericus_n tell_v we_o come_v in_o with_o his_o father_n and_o settle_a themselves_o here_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o ordericus_n vitalisâ—â—ncerning_v â—â—ncerning_z the_o english_a assist_v king_n william_n rufus_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n 50._o by_o use_v the_o common_a bait_n of_o liberty_n viz._n promise_v that_o he_o will_v alleviate_v the_o rigid_a law_n of_o his_o father_n and_o give_v free_a liberty_n of_o hunt_v in_o his_o forest_n it_o be_v true_a he_o thereupon_o raise_v a_o indifferent_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o english_a who_o as_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o be_v no_o better_a than_o mercenary_a or_o stipendiary_a souldiâ—â—â—_n and_o who_o have_v either_o no_o estate_n or_o else_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o before_o so_o that_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o any_o fortune_n who_o thus_o assist_v william_n rufus_n f._n as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v against_o the_o citation_n of_o the_o name_n out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n be_v not_o material_a since_o if_o english_a name_n be_v then_o common_a to_o the_o norman_n and_o they_o than_o the_o norman_a name_n may_v be_v as_o well_o common_a to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o many_o of_o those_o in_o england_n who_o by_o their_o name_n we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v norman_n may_v be_v native_a englishman_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o urge_v against_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o downright_a wrest_n of_o the_o word_n francis_n and_o anglis_fw-la since_o no_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o your_o dr._n and_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n for_o that_o the_o word_n franci_n or_o franâ—igenae_n do_v signify_v such_o frenchman_n who_o hold_v barony_n in_o england_n be_v grant_v on_o all_o hand_n but_o how_o angli_fw-la must_v also_o signify_v frenchmen_n seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o i_o for_o how_o can_v these_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n be_v term_v englishman_n only_o because_o they_o hold_v estate_n here_o and_o not_o in_o normandy_n for_o if_o the_o have_v such_o and_o such_o estate_n in_o england_n will_v have_v turn_v frenchmen_n into_o englishman_n there_o need_v no_o such_o distinction_n to_o have_v be_v make_v between_o french_a and_o english_a baron_n in_o these_o charter_n since_o according_a to_o your_o doctor_n notion_n the_o french_a baron_n can_v be_v no_o other_o way_n mention_v here_o but_o as_o they_o have_v estate_n here_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v only_o write_v to_o in_o that_o capacity_n since_o as_o mere_a frenchman_n they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v here_o so_o that_o if_o this_o epithet_n be_v so_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n they_o will_v have_v be_v style_v english_a baron_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nor_o be_v your_o other_o evasion_n more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o by_o the_o angli_fw-la may_v be_v mean_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o i._o such_o norman_a or_o french_a baron_n who_o because_o they_o be_v bear_v in_o england_n may_v therefore_o be_v call_v english_a for_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o in_o so_o small_a a_o time_n as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o i._o to_o that_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o i._o which_o be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o 30_o year_n so_o many_o of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n be_v dead_a as_o shall_v make_v it_o necessary_a to_o use_v this_o distinction_n of_o french_a and_o english_a baron_n since_o by_o their_o tenor_n they_o be_v both_o alike_a english_a and_o thus_o to_o make_v angli_fw-la signify_v norman_n be_v to_o confound_v and_o make_v all_o word_n though_o never_o so_o plain_a uncertain_a and_o equivocal_a but_o that_o a_o residue_n of_o the_o english_a and_o as_o for_o what_o ordericus_n say_v of_o the_o old_a norman_a baron_n it_o will_v have_v signify_v if_o you_o can_v have_v prove_v he_o have_v call_v they_o englishman_n as_o he_o do_v not_o but_o if_o you_o carry_v it_o further_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o empress_n maud_n and_o king_n stephen_n when_o all_o the_o old_a race_n of_o norman_n be_v certain_o dead_a then_o there_o be_v much_o less_o need_n of_o this_o distinction_n when_o all_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o england_n be_v english_a alike_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n french_a can_v only_o extend_v to_o those_o few_o baron_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o normandy_n have_v estate_n here_o but_o since_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o for_o the_o first_o four_o or_o five_o year_n of_o king_n william_n the_o i._o reign_n there_o be_v both_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n till_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n root_v they_o out_o there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a argument_n against_o your_o pretend_a right_n of_o conquest_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a king_n william_n can_v never_o pretend_v to_o take_v away_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n he_o be_v swear_v to_o restrain_v all_o rapine_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o that_o he_o will_v behave_v himself_o modest_o towards_o his_o subject_n and_o treat_v both_o the_o english_a and_o french_a with_o equal_a right_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o english_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n it_o be_v either_o because_o they_o deserve_v it_o by_o rebel_a against_o he_o &_o then_o it_o be_v just_o do_v or_o else_o it_o be_v do_v without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o oppress_v and_o root_v out_o the_o english_a proprietor_n and_o if_o so_o such_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o claim_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o also_o to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n can_v no_o more_o give_v he_o any_o such_o right_a to_o rob_v or_o spoil_v man_n of_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n than_o it_o can_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o rob_v the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n money_n and_o jewel_n which_o he_o find_v in_o they_o even_o to_o the_o very_a chalaw_n and_o shrine_n as_o matthew_n paris_n and_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o likewise_o according_a as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o he_o begin_v to_o show_v himself_o a_o conqueror_n or_o rather_o a_o tyrant_n in_o the_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a without_o any_o just_a cause_n but_o however_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n do_v not_o make_v so_o great_a a_o tyrant_n of_o your_o conqueror_n as_o the_o doctor_n for_o william_n of_o poictou_n express_o tell_v we_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n 208._o concern_v his_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n that_o nulli_fw-la tamen_fw-la gallo_n datum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la anglo_n cviquam_fw-la injustè_fw-fr fuerit_fw-la ablatum_fw-la and_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n speak_v of_o his_o deal_n with_o the_o english_a it_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n say_v express_o 506._o neminem_fw-la nisi_fw-la quèm_fw-la non_fw-la damnare_fw-la iniquum_fw-la foret_fw-la damnavit_fw-la and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o shurnborn_a in_o norfolk_n 184._o that_o edwin_n of_o sharborn_n and_o several_a other_o that_o be_v eject_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n go_v to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o never_o either_o before_o or_o in_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v against_o he_o the_o say_a king_n either_o by_o their_o advice_n or_o any_o other_o aid_n but_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o and_o quiet_o and_o this_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v out_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o king_n please_v to_o appoint_v whereupon_o the_o say_a king_n order_v a_o inquisition_n to_o be_v make_v throughout_o all_o england_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no_o which_o be_v plain_o prove_v therefore_o he_o present_o command_v that_o all_o those_o who_o so_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a as_o these_o have_v do_v shall_v be_v repossess_v of_o all_o their_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n as_o full_o ample_o and_o quiet_o as_o ever_o they_o have_v or_o hold_v they_o before_o this_o conquest_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a a_o authority_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v to_o evade_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n i_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o second_o there_o be_v many_o english_a gentleman_n leave_v of_o considerable_a estate_n which_o you_o and_o your_o doctor_n will_v â—ain_o make_v
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ—_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o king_n william_n after_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n liberal_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a which_o may_v he_o only_o of_o such_o as_o fight_v against_o he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o as_o for_o that_o little_a which_o be_v leave_v they_o which_o he_o say_v be_v put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o this_o expression_n than_o that_o new_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n which_o king_n william_n impose_v upon_o they_o as_o this_o author_n in_o the_o very_a next_o leaf_n speak_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n sub_fw-la servitute_fw-la statuit_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o therefore_o you_o seem_v to_o contradict_v yourself_o when_o contrary_n to_o your_o own_o author_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n you_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o story_n because_o that_o in_o doomsday_n book_n the_o name_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharnborn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr albeni_n be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o manor_n which_o be_v not_o material_a since_o this_o william_n may_v obtain_v a_o share_n therein_o after_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v 103._o and_o as_o for_o sharnborn_a himself_o his_o not_o be_v there_o mention_v be_v no_o argument_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n within_o that_o manor_n or_o the_o other_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o narrative_a since_o oftentimes_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n though_o all_o the_o proprietor_n under_o they_o be_v not_o particular_o name_v but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o discourse_v any_o long_o with_o you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o english_a owner_n i_o have_v give_v you_o my_o opinion_n and_o the_o reason_n against_o it_o and_o if_o you_o be_v not_o of_o my_o mind_n i_o can_v help_v it_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o your_o next_o head_n and_o show_v i_o by_o sufficient_a authority_n that_o king_n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n alter_v all_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o alter_v all_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v in_o quite_o new_a one_o yet_o that_o he_o do_v so_o in_o great_a part_n and_o that_o by_o his_o sole_a authority_n i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v by_o sufficient_a testimony_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o of_o eadmer_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n a_o companion_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n who_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v in_o england_n those_o usage_n and_o law_n 32._o which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n through_o the_o whole_a nation_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o reluctancy_n and_o disobedience_n to_o they_o know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o they_o be_v raise_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n he_o order_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v recount_v in_o what_o thing_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n and_o because_o also_o any_o one_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v guess_v what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_o from_o which_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o k._n william_n do_v not_o only_a design_n to_o alter_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o do_v also_o actual_o do_v it_o since_o to_o that_o end_n he_o make_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n in_o all_o court_n such_o as_o he_o can_v whole_o confide_v in_o now_o that_o k._n william_n govern_v the_o nation_n as_o conqueror_n and_o do_v so_o live_v and_o repute_v himself_o so_o to_o be_v and_o as_o such_o bring_v in_o and_o impose_v new_a law_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o these_o particular_n first_o the_o justiciaries_n or_o chief_n justice_n the_o chancellor_n the_o lawyer_n the_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o under_o judge_n earls_z sheriff_n bailiff_n hundre_v duty_n be_v all_o norman_n from_o his_o first_o come_v until_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o as_o i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o by_o particular_a instance_n and_o undeniable_a reason_n be_v not_o the_o catalogue_n too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o insert_v if_o therefore_o the_o justiciaries_n chancellor_n earl_n sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n such_o as_o hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n be_v norman_n if_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n be_v also_o norman_n the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n in_o their_o several_a court_n must_n of_o necessity_n have_v be_v in_o that_o language_n and_o the_o law_n also_o i_o mean_v the_o norman_a law_n otherwise_o they_o have_v say_v and_o do_v they_o know_v not_o what_o and_o judged_n they_o know_v not_o how_o especial_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o military_a man_n as_o earls_z sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n that_o understand_v not_o the_o english_a tongue_n or_o law_n or_o when_o the_o chief_n justiciary_a himself_n be_v a_o military_a man_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v and_o understand_v only_o the_o norman_a language_n and_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v believe_v these_o man_n will_v give_v themselves_o the_o trouble_n of_o learning_n and_o understand_v the_o english_a law_n and_o language_n second_o though_o we_o have_v many_o law_n and_o custom_n from_o the_o northern_a people_n and_o north_n part_n of_o germany_n from_o whence_o both_o saxon_n and_o norman_n come_v yet_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o bulk_n and_o main_n of_o our_o law_n be_v bring_v hither_o from_o normandy_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o we_o receive_v the_o tenor_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v our_o estate_n in_o every_o respect_n from_o whence_o also_o have_v we_o receive_v the_o custom_n incident_a to_o those_o estate_n and_o likewise_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o being_n most_o of_o they_o feudal_n and_o enjoy_v under_o several_a military_a condition_n and_o service_n so_o that_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o thence_o we_o must_v receive_v the_o law_n also_o by_o which_o these_o tenor_n and_o the_o custom_n incident_a to_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o by_o which_o every_o man_n right_a in_o such_o estate_n be_v secure_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o from_o normandy_n and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o receive_v most_o if_o not_o all_o
our_o ancient_a tenor_n and_o manner_n of_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v our_o land_n and_o estate_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v our_o ancient_a tenor_n with_o they_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v now_o put_v it_o yet_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n chancellor_n chief_a justice_n and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o norman_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o first_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n it_o doâ—s_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o these_o man_n must_v have_v make_v a_o change_n in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o our_o law_n though_o in_o matter_n of_o form_n of_o plead_v or_o judicial_a proceed_n they_o may_v have_v introduce_v great_a alteration_n for_o as_o to_o the_o civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n concern_v the_o descent_n and_o conveyance_n of_o estate_n 2._o they_o continue_v the_o same_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o land_n in_o free_a soccage_n and_o gavel-kind_n to_o all_o the_o son_n alike_o so_o likewise_o there_o be_v estate_n in_o tail_n and_o fee_n simple_a as_o now_o and_o there_o be_v also_o the_o like_a custom_n of_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n burrough_n english_a etc._n etc._n as_o there_o be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a passage_n out_o of_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n so_o likewise_o for_o conveyance_n of_o estate_n those_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v bookland_n be_v convey_v by_o deed_n with_o livery_n and_o seisin_n either_o with_o or_o without_o warranty_n as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o that_o which_o be_v call_v folâ—land_n hold_v by_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v only_o by_o livery_n and_o seisin_n without_o any_o write_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o seal_v of_o deed_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o norman_n yet_o that_o be_v a_o alteration_n only_o in_o matter_n of_o forn_n and_o as_o for_o good_n and_o money_n they_o be_v bequeathable_a by_o a_o man_n last_o will_n as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n and_o if_o you_o can_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o peruse_v a_o manuscript_n treatise_n of_o sir_n roger_n owen_n upon_o this_o subject_n you_o will_v find_v it_o there_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o livery_n of_o seisin_n licenses_fw-la or_o fine_n for_o alienation_n daughter_n to_o inherit_v trial_n by_o juries_n abjuration_n utlary_n coroner_n dispose_v of_o land_n by_o will_n escheat_n gaol_n writ_n wreck_n warranties_n felon_n good_n and_o many_o other_o part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v here_o in_o be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n this_o be_v so_o as_o to_o the_o common_a law_n let_v we_o see_v what_o alteration_n there_o be_v in_o the_o criminal_a or_o crown_n part_n of_o the_o law_n first_o as_o to_o treason_n and_o wilful_a murder_n they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o well_o as_o after_o as_o be_v also_o robery_n and_o burglary_n in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o as_o for_o lesser_a offence_n such_o as_o battery_n maim_n robbery_n and_o other_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n they_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a as_o well_o before_o the_o conquest_n as_o after_o but_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o englisherie_n which_o be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v find_v murder_v it_o shall_v be_v presume_v he_o be_v a_o alien_a or_o frenchman_n and_o the_o town_n thereupon_o where_o the_o body_n be_v find_v be_v to_o be_v fine_v unless_a englisherie_n be_v prove_v i._n e._n that_o the_o person_n be_v a_o englishman_n this_o custom_n though_o it_o last_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o it_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v on_o purpose_n though_o it_o may_v seem_v a_o badge_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n yet_o be_v it_o indeed_o a_o law_n introduce_v by_o king_n knute_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o dane_n who_o be_v often_o find_v kill_v and_o none_o can_v tell_v by_o who_o he_o obtain_v this_o law_n to_o be_v make_v to_o prevent_v it_o as_o you_o will_v see_v at_o large_a in_o bracton_n and_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n but_o as_o for_o trial_n of_o all_o offence_n it_o be_v either_o by_o juries_n fire_n or_o water_n ordinal_n by_o dewel_n or_o battle_n or_o else_o by_o witness_n or_o compurgator_n upon_o oath_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o king_n william_n entrance_n so_o that_o i_o can_v find_v nothing_o material_a as_o to_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o law_n either_o in_o matter_n criminal_a or_o civil_a from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v easy_o answer_v how_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n may_v be_v norman_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n continue_v english_a still_o for_o first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o k._n william_n reign_n he_o make_v no_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o judge_n and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o that_o time_n those_o who_o he_o be_v afterward_o please_v to_o employ_v in_o the_o room_n of_o such_o as_o either_o die_v or_o be_v turn_v out_o may_v very_o well_o come_v to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o far_o as_o they_o dister_v from_o those_o of_o normandy_n which_o be_v not_o in_o many_o particular_n since_o as_o yourself_o very_o well_o observe_v the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n be_v both_o northern_a people_n have_v many_o of_o the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n common_a to_o both_o and_o the_o same_o person_n may_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n time_n have_v very_o well_o learned_a english_a enough_o to_o have_v under_o stand_v the_o evidence_n that_o the_o witness_n give_v before_o they_o without_o any_o interpreter_n but_o say_v you_o all_o the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n be_v in_o french_a and_o therefore_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n must_v be_v frenchmen_n which_o be_v likewise_o a_o false_a consequence_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o why_o may_v not_o the_o english_a lawyer_n have_v learn_v french_a enough_o to_o plead_v in_o three_o or_o four_o year_n time_n which_o must_v necessary_o be_v require_v before_o so_o great_a a_o alteration_n can_v be_v make_v or_o lawyer_n enough_o he_o bring_v out_o of_o normandy_n and_o sufficient_o instruct_v in_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n can_v be_v fit_v for_o their_o employment_n again_o suppose_v all_o plead_n and_o other_o proceed_n to_o have_v be_v in_o french_a it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o this_o practice_n can_v have_v obtain_v in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o england_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n where_o the_o judge_n as_o you_o say_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n frenchman_n or_o norman_n proem_n yet_o this_o can_v only_o have_v some_o effect_n either_o in_o that_o great_a court_n or_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o the_o king_n often_o sit_v in_o person_n together_o with_o his_o chief_a justiciary_a and_o other_o justice_n or_o else_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n which_o follow_v the_o king_n court_n till_o it_o be_v ordain_v otherwise_o by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o else_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n where_o in_o those_o day_n only_a matter_n concern_v the_o king_n debt_n land_n and_o revenue_n be_v chief_o hear_v and_o dispatch_v but_o as_o for_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n it_o be_v not_o then_o use_v as_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n nor_o long_o after_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o iv_o five_o and_o vi_o when_o it_o arise_v by_o degree_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n origines_fw-la juridiciales_n so_o that_o grant_v all_o the_o proceed_n in_o these_o supreme_a court_n to_o have_v be_v in_o french_a because_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o sit_v there_o with_o the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v either_o norman_n or_o frenchman_n yet_o be_v this_o of_o no_o great_a importance_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o suit_n and_o cause_n which_o be_v first_o begin_v and_o try_v in_o the_o inferior_a court_n in_o the_o country_n before_o ever_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v up_o to_o london_n by_o writ_n of_o error_n or_o appeal_v which_o can_v only_o be_v in_o cause_n of_o great_a moment_n or_o between_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o now_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o what_o say_v i_o say_v be_v true_a we_o will_v survey_v all_o the_o inferior_a â—_z of_o that_o time_n begin_v with_o the_o low_a and_o go_v up_o to_o the_o high_a of_o they_o the_o first_o court_n we_o find_v of_o this_o kind_n
english_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o this_o cause_n it_o will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o all_o other_o county_n all_o over_o england_n last_o that_o these_o gentleman_n be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n which_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a if_o they_o have_v be_v alter_v as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n many_o englishman_n may_v have_v estate_n leave_v they_o which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v away_o till_o some_o year_n after_o and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n place_n this_o trial_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n about_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n william_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o it_o happen_v before_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o earl_n eadwin_n morcar_n and_o siward_n together_o with_o egelwin_n bishop_n of_o durham_n as_o also_o many_o thousand_o of_o clerk_n and_o laic_n not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o severity_n of_o k._n william_n flee_v into_o woody_n and_o desert_n place_n and_o from_o thence_o get_v into_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n where_o they_o fortify_v themselves_o and_o whither_o k._n william_n follow_v they_o and_o take_v the_o island_n make_v they_o submit_v to_o mercy_n and_o then_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o k._n put_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n in_o prison_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n some_o of_o they_o he_o kill_v some_o he_o put_v to_o ransom_n and_o other_o he_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n so_o that_o i_o reckon_v from_o this_o time_n the_o king_n take_v away_o most_o of_o the_o englishman_n estate_n as_o not_o trust_v they_o any_o more_o f._n if_o this_o have_v all_o happen_v as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o prove_v what_o you_o have_v maintain_v for_o if_o those_o englishmem_n who_o have_v not_o be_v engage_v with_o harold_n or_o else_o have_v be_v pardon_v for_o it_o still_o hold_v their_o estate_n and_o as_o you_o say_v they_o forfeit_v they_o afterward_o for_o rebellion_n than_o it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n do_v not_o proceed_v against_o the_o english_a as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o if_o he_o have_v he_o will_v have_v take_v away_o their_o estate_n jure_fw-la belli_fw-la which_o since_o as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v he_o do_v not_o whatever_o estate_n he_o take_v away_o afterward_o be_v either_o for_o treason_n commit_v by_o the_o english_a or_o else_o wrongful_o if_o the_o former_a he_o do_v it_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n if_o wrongful_o then_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o as_o such_o can_v obtain_v no_o just_a right_n against_o the_o english_a nation_n by_o his_o unjust_a proceed_n but_o indeed_o after_o all_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o your_o account_n concern_v this_o matter_n for_o as_o to_o the_o great_a trial_n you_o now_o mention_v it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n nor_o can_v happen_v soon_o than_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o of_o his_o reign_n for_o archbishop_n stigand_n be_v not_o depose_v till_o the_o year_n 1070._o which_o be_v the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n william_n and_o in_o the_o next_o year_n be_v 1071._o the_o annal_n of_o mailros_n as_o also_o the_o chronicle_n of_o thomas_n wiks_n place_n archbishop_n lanfranc_n consecration_n and_o fetch_v of_o his_o pall_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v until_o the_o year_n after_o this_o rebellion_n at_o the_o soon_o when_o lanfranc_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o bishopric_n that_o this_o suit_n be_v commence_v by_o he_o against_o earl_n odo_n and_o therefore_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n have_v still_o estate_n let_v they_o after_o this_o rebellion_n and_o that_o they_o continue_v to_o have_v so_o some_o year_n after_o this_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o k._n william_n which_o mr._n atwood_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o janus_n aâ—glorum_fw-la p._n etc._n etc._n concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v also_o transcribe_v and_o allow_v by_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o it_o and_o i_o desire_v you_o particular_o to_o consider_v that_o write_v of_o k._n william_n direct_v to_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n roger_n e._n of_o morton_n and_o jeoffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n command_v they_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v all_o those_o shire_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o plea_n have_v concern_v the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n go_v last_o into_o normandy_n the_o rest_n be_v most_o material_a to_o the_o cause_n in_o hand_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la â—tiam_fw-la since_o the_o baronibus_fw-la mâ—is_fw-la qui_fw-la competenter_fw-la adesse_fw-la potâ—â—unt_fw-la &_o praedicto_fw-la placito_fw-la intersuerunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la terâ—â—s_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tenent_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o â—num_fw-la congragatis_fw-la eligantur_fw-la plures_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la angliâ—_n quisciunt_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la terrae_fw-la jacebant_fw-la praefatae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la inde_fw-la dixerint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jurando_fw-la testentur_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o gather_v that_o this_o trial_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o like_a maâ—ner_n and_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o englishman_n who_o try_v the_o cause_n between_o earl_n odâ—_n and_o arch_a bishop_n lanfranc_n that_o be_v they_o be_v english_a gentleman_n of_o sufficient_a estate_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v now._n let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o time_n when_o this_o happen_v since_o the_o writ_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o when_o it_o be_v only_o that_o it_o refer_v to_o a_o plea_n hold_v concern_v the_o church_n of_o ely_n before_o the_o queen_n last_o go_v into_o normandy_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n here_o mention_v can_v not_o happen_v till_o after_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o k._n william_n reign_n which_o i_o prove_v thus_o this_o queen_n do_v not_o come_v over_o into_o england_n till_o the_o year_n 1068._o when_o the_o king_n return_v with_o his_o queen_n out_o of_o normandy_n after_o his_o coronation_n at_o which_o she_o be_v not_o present_a after_o which_o k._n william_n go_v not_o into_o normandy_n till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o go_v over_o and_o take_v man_n and_o then_o whether_o he_o carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o be_v uncertain_a but_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n tell_v we_o he_o go_v over_o again_o the_o next_o year_n and_o then_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o which_o may_v be_v the_o first_o time_n she_o return_v into_o normandy_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o same_o annal_n that_o the_o king_n go_v over_o the_o year_n after_o and_o stay_v but_o a_o little_a while_n return_v into_o normandy_n to_o fight_v against_o his_o rebellious_a son_n prince_n robert_n where_o stay_v not_o long_o he_o return_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v drive_v his_o son_n out_o of_o normandy_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v he_o go_v over_o again_o till_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v the_o year_n 1080._o and_o then_o i_o suppose_v since_o he_o stay_v there_o for_o some_o time_n he_o carry_v the_o queen_n with_o he_o and_o to_o this_o last_o go_v over_o i_o suppose_v this_o writ_n we_o have_v cite_v refer_v for_o though_o the_o queen_n go_v over_o again_o after_o this_o yet_o she_o return_v no_o more_o because_o she_o die_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o year_n 1083._o as_o jogulph_n who_o be_v then_o alive_a relate_v the_o use_n i_o make_v of_o these_o particular_n be_v this_o that_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o suppose_v the_o english_a to_o have_v lose_v all_o their_o estate_n we_o here_o find_v a_o great_a jury_n of_o englishman_n summon_v out_o of_o several_a shire_n in_o england_n to_o try_v this_o great_a cause_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n have_v be_v unjust_o disseise_v of_o so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v after_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o this_o king_n the_o english_a still_o continue_v to_o keep_v their_o estate_n and_o to_o serve_v upon_o juries_n and_o consequent_o the_o plead_n before_o they_o as_o well_o as_o their_o verdict_n must_v have_v be_v in_o english_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n any_o far_a yet_o this_o much_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o all_o the_o plead_n and_o proceed_n at_o wâ—stminster_n as_o also_o the_o old_a law_n book_n be_v all_o in_o french_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n britton_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o of_o latter_a day_n as_o littleton_n tenor_n and_o other_o and_o so_o be_v
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâ—lstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ—_n bell_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n do_v very_o much_o abridge_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n whole_o take_v away_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o lâ—giâ—sh_a nobility_n clergy_n and_o commons_o and_o do_v also_o make_v many_o and_o great_a alteration_n not_o only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n but_o also_o in_o the_o very_a 〈◊〉_d of_o our_o law_n both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o make_v more_o â—â—â—erations_n of_o thâ—_n kind_n it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o aâ—_n eâ—dmerus_n tell_v we_o he_o order_v all_o divine_a and_o secular_a thing_n accord_v to_o his_o pleasure_n f._n that_o i_o may_v the_o better_a answer_n what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v partly_o grant_v and_o partly_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v allege_v and_o also_o further_o prove_v that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o as_o you_o have_v lay_v they_o yet_o will_v they_o not_o prove_v your_o conclusion_n that_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n can_v create_v any_o right_n by_o conquest_n either_o to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o head_n viz._n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n as_o to_o office_n and_o dignity_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v relate_v that_o sâ—arce_o any_o englishman_n be_v when_o they_o write_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o abbot_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o latter_a end_n and_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o as_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n i_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o more_o than_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o egelric_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v successor_n put_v in_o their_o room_n in_o their_o life_n time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aâ—â—eling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o â—led_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o estate_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o king_n manner_n of_o dispose_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o preferment_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a till_o earl_n waltheo_n be_v convict_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plot_n with_o ralph_n de_fw-fr waher_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o other_o lord_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o expel_v k._n william_n and_o from_o that_o time_n be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o grant_v he_o change_v his_o whole_a course_n of_o government_n and_o put_v no_o more_o englishman_n into_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n though_o w._n malmesbury_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o king_n severity_n in_o these_o word_n ind_n prâ—positum_fw-la regis_fw-la fortassis_fw-la meritò_fw-la excusatur_fw-la siâ—aliquando_fw-la durior_fw-la in_o anglos_n â—uâ—rit_n quod_fw-la penâ—_n nullum_fw-la eorum_fw-la fidelem_fw-la invenerit_fw-la though_o with_o this_o author_n good_a leave_n the_o k._n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o conspiracy_n by_o his_o own_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o oath_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o either_o this_o k._n be_v move_v by_o just_a provocation_n thus_o to_o debar_v all_o englishman_n from_o be_v prefer_v to_o dignity_n or_o office_n or_o he_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a and_o that_o he_o have_v just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o any_o other_o foreign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o if_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o justice_n but_o also_o to_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n one_o clause_n of_o which_o as_o malmesbury_n show_v we_o in_o his_o de_fw-la gestis_fw-la 271._o pontificum_fw-la be_v quod_fw-la se_fw-la modeste_fw-la erga_fw-la subditos_fw-la ageret_fw-la &_o aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la anglos_n &_o francos_fw-la tractaret_fw-la so_o that_o this_o king_n arbitrary_a and_o violent_a proceed_n after_o he_o have_v â—or_a some_o time_n govern_v as_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o they_o may_v prove_v he_o a_o tyrant_n yet_o they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v he_o a_o conqueror_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o in_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o can_v only_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o the_o time_n after_o the_o great_a conspiracy_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v for_o before_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v many_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n still_o leave_v who_o must_v have_v be_v member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n i_o have_v mention_v against_o the_o king_n take_v the_o taillage_n or_o tax_n without_o their_o consent_n be_v make_v after_o that_o time_n but_o let_v it_o be_v make_v when_o it_o will_v you_o shall_v never_o persuade_v i_o it_o be_v enact_v without_o any_o englishmen_n being_n present_a till_o yâ—u_n can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a tenant_n in_o câ—pite_fw-la towards_o the_o end_n of_o 〈◊〉_d reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n that_o represent_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o can_v give_v a_o better_a answer_n to_o those_o argument_n i_o have_v give_v you_o to_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o especial_o that_o remarkable_a clause_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o king_n charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o mention_n divers_a principal_a person_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o that_o famous_a synod_n or_o great_a council_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v i_o come_v now_o to_o your_o next_o head_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v this_o king_n abridgement_n of_o english_a privilege_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n to_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o as_o you_o say_v be_v then_o whole_o in_o the_o king_n admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o urge_v it_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o king_n absolute_a conquest_n over_o the_o english_a for_o if_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o lose_v its_o ancient_a right_n it_o be_v only_o his_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a that_o he_o bereave_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o law_n since_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o neither_o the_o k._n of_o france_n nor_o the_o d._n of_o normandy_n can_v at_o that_o time_n make_v any_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o your_o conqueror_n can_v not_o do_v it_o neither_o for_o if_o the_o norman_n
during_o his_o confinement_n there_o send_v a_o lady_n i_o can_v name_v on_o a_o message_n to_o two_o reverend_a prelate_n of_o our_o church_n together_o with_o a_o emerald_n ring_n from_o his_o finger_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o her_o commission_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o sad_a condition_n the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o he_o himself_o be_v in_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o likely_a for_o he_o to_o get_v out_o of_o it_o as_o by_o grant_v his_o subject_n and_o particular_o the_o church_n of_o england_n such_o security_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n as_o they_o can_v in_o reason_n demand_v therefore_o he_o whole_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o bishop_n to_o make_v to_o the_o peer_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v then_o to_o meet_v sudden_o whatever_o proposal_n they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a on_o his_o behalf_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o church_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o grant_v and_o ratify_v they_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v be_v require_v f._n this_o be_v indeed_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o hear_v before_o and_o can_v scarce_o believe_v but_o do_v the_o lady_n go_v and_o deliver_v her_o message_n and_o pray_v what_o answer_n do_v those_o bishop_n give_v to_o this_o fair_a proposal_n m._n yes_o the_o lady_n do_v deliver_v her_o message_n and_o these_o bishop_n answer_v both_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n that_o they_o have_v a_o real_a duty_n and_o affection_n for_o his_o majesty_n and_o a_o great_a desire_n to_o serve_v he_o but_o that_o consider_v the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o his_o present_a aversion_n to_o any_o agreement_n with_o his_o majesty_n they_o very_o much_o fear_v that_o the_o peer_n will_v not_o venture_v to_o give_v the_o prince_n any_o such_o advice_n or_o to_o interpose_v with_o he_o on_o his_o majesty_n behalf_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v very_o mean_o and_o cowardly_o do_v of_o they_o who_o consider_v their_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o king_n and_o also_o those_o particular_a obligation_n they_o owe_v he_o as_o their_o benefactor_n and_o who_o have_v be_v the_o great_a mean_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v to_o those_o dignity_n in_o his_o brother_n reign_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o this_o message_n have_v receive_v its_o intend_a effect_n what_o great_a demonstration_n his_o majesty_n can_v have_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o world_n that_o he_o real_o intend_v to_o set_v all_o thing_n right_o again_o have_v he_o be_v permit_v to_o do_v it_o f._n i_o will_v not_o far_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o relation_n though_o perhaps_o i_o may_v have_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o it_o since_o you_o say_v you_o have_v it_o from_o a_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o who_o be_v privy_a to_o this_o transaction_n nor_o yet_o will_v i_o be_v so_o inquisitive_a as_o to_o know_v the_o name_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o of_o the_o lady_n since_o you_o make_v it_o a_o secret_a but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v still_o very_a much_o question_n whether_o the_o king_n do_v ever_o real_o design_n to_o do_v what_o he_o then_o offer_v and_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o shame_n upon_o their_o lordship_n to_o serve_v his_o present_a occasion_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v divide_v the_o bishop_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n from_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n interest_n and_o so_o by_o make_v they_o offer_v such_o proposal_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o may_v make_v they_o declare_v against_o his_o proceed_n which_o will_v have_v create_v great_a division_n and_o heartburning_n between_o those_o of_o the_o high_a church_n of_o england_n party_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o thereby_o have_v involve_v we_o again_o in_o fresh_a disturbance_n of_o which_o no_o doubt_n the_o king_n and_o the_o popish_a faction_n be_v like_a to_o receive_v the_o great_a advantage_n for_o you_o know_v the_o old_a say_n divide_v &_o impera_fw-la but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o just_a ground_n for_o my_o opinion_n let_v we_o examine_v every_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n first_o if_o the_o king_n have_v mean_v real_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o he_o will_v have_v trust_v a_o business_n of_o that_o high_a moment_n to_o a_o woman_n when_o he_o have_v then_o the_o lord_n of_o alesbury_n and_o arron_n beside_o other_o protestant_a gentleman_n then_o wait_v on_o he_o and_o they_o be_v much_o fit_a to_o be_v trust_v than_o this_o lady_n let_v she_o be_v who_o she_o will_v or_o can_v any_o one_o believe_v if_o the_o king_n have_v mean_v real_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v send_v his_o proposal_n in_o write_v since_o he_o very_o well_o know_v from_o the_o prince_n declaration_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n petition_n and_o address_n to_o he_o what_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o particular_a require_v at_o his_o hand_n but_o that_o he_o must_v send_v a_o loose_a and_o uncertain_a message_n which_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o disow_v whenever_o he_o please_v by_o say_v the_o foolish_a woman_n mistake_v his_o meaning_n and_o she_o also_o may_v be_v so_o much_o his_o creature_n as_o to_o take_v the_o fault_n whole_o upon_o herself_o whenever_o it_o shall_v serve_v the_o king_n turn_v so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o wise_o and_o honest_o do_v of_o those_o reverend_a prelet_n to_o refuse_v meddle_v in_o such_o a_o ticklish_a affair_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o his_o not_o make_v any_o such_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n himself_o or_o the_o lord_n about_o he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v privy_a to_o it_o but_o rather_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o and_o without_o give_v he_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o his_o particular_a concern_v as_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o last_o i_o desire_v you_o far_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n may_v not_o hereafter_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v power_n have_v make_v void_a whatever_o agreement_n or_o concession_n he_o shall_v have_v then_o grant_v either_o to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n or_o to_o the_o nation_n by_o plead_v afterward_o that_o they_o be_v obtain_v by_o decree_n whilst_o he_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v which_o i_o before_o omit_v which_o be_v to_o make_v some_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o mischief_n that_o the_o mob_n have_v do_v upon_o house_n forest_n and_o praks_n since_o his_o majesty_n first_o departure_n and_o therefore_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o much_o mischief_n and_o spoil_n have_v be_v commit_v yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o most_o arbitrary_a king_n since_o the_o conquest_n to_o this_o day_n as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o affirm_v for_o i_o believe_v you_o forget_v the_o thirty_o parish_n church_n and_o town_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o son_n ruâ—us_o destroy_v when_o they_o enlarge_v new_a forest_n and_o therein_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n like_o true_a despotic_a tyrant_n you_o likewise_o forget_v the_o miserable_a spoil_n and_o waste_v which_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o iii_o make_v upon_o the_o house_n castle_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o gentry_n of_o england_n who_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la beside_o other_o tyrannical_a action_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n commit_v by_o king_n edward_n and_o richard_n the_o ii_o too_o long_o here_o to_o relate_v but_o if_o these_o mischief_n be_v do_v you_o speak_v of_o who_o have_v we_o to_o thank_v for_o it_o but_o the_o king_n who_o steal_v away_o on_o the_o sudden_a without_o leave_v any_o order_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o person_n in_o commission_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a doubt_v whether_o their_o commission_n be_v noâ—_n at_o a_o end_n by_o the_o king_n desert_v the_o government_n as_o he_o do_v beside_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o common_a people_n be_v so_o enrage_v against_o the_o popish_a faction_n for_o so_o many_o insolent_a action_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o king_n james_n reign_n and_o so_o many_o apparent_a breach_n and_o contempt_n of_o all_o the_o law_n make_v against_o they_o that_o you_o can_v wonder_v if_o when_o they_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o irish_a and_o of_o king_n james_n army_n they_o keep_v
since_o according_a to_o your_o doctrine_n the_o bare_a endeavour_v it_o will_v be_v nothing_o and_o after_o he_o have_v once_o bring_v it_o to_o pass_v it_o will_v be_v then_o too_o late_o to_o retrieve_v it_o but_o that_o the_o king_n do_v real_o endeavour_v thus_o to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n appear_v not_o only_o by_o his_o closeting_n and_o threaten_a member_n to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n if_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o his_o will_n in_o take_v off_o the_o penal_a law_n about_o religion_n whereby_o all_o freedom_n of_o vote_v will_v have_v be_v quite_o take_v away_o but_o when_o the_o king_n see_v this_o will_v not_o do_v he_o then_o fall_v a_o new_a model_n of_o corporation_n and_o by_o bring_v quo_n warranto_n against_o their_o charter_n to_o get_v it_o into_o his_o own_o power_n to_o nominate_v or_o approve_v of_o all_o mayor_n alderman_n and_o common_a council_n man_n who_o in_o those_o corporation_n have_v the_o sole_a election_n of_o parliament_n man_n he_o will_v thereby_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o they_o also_o in_o his_o power_n your_o next_o exception_n be_v against_o their_o declare_v he_o to_o have_v break_v the_o original_a contract_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n for_o that_o you_o be_v not_o yet_o persuade_v there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n because_o we_o can_v show_v it_o you_o in_o any_o common_a law_n or_o statute_n book_n write_v in_o express_a word_n as_o for_o the_o statute_n law_n i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o express_a contract_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o statute_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o contract_n by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o that_o our_o fundamental_a law_n be_v not_o all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o writing_n be_v no_o wonder_n since_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n of_o our_o common_a law_n that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v write_v but_o it_o be_v write_v because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n when_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o breast_n and_o head_n of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n without_o any_o write_n at_o all_o and_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o if_o the_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v a_o fundamental_a constitution_n it_o be_v notwithstanding_o no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o write_n as_o i_o know_v of_o but_o the_o contrary_n assert_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n but_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o original_a contract_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o such_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n as_o i_o think_v can_v be_v deny_v for_o as_o that_o statute_n of_o king_n james._n i._n set_v forth_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yourself_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v there_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n that_o be_v law_n that_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n there_o must_v have_v be_v also_o a_o implicit_a fundamental_a covenant_n or_o contract_n on_o the_o king_n part_n that_o he_o will_v maintain_v they_o without_o any_o violation_n and_o this_o be_v that_o we_o mean_v by_o a_o original_a contract_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o most_o foolish_a and_o unreasonable_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o require_v every_o king_n to_o swear_v before_o he_o be_v crown_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o this_o be_v ancient_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o renewal_a of_o this_o original_a contract_n appear_v by_o all_o our_o ancient_a historian_n who_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ed._n i._n never_o give_v the_o next_o heir_n the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o of_o duke_n of_o normandy_n till_o he_o be_v actual_o crown_v and_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o for_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v consult_v all_o our_o ancient_a histoâ—ians_n since_o your_o conquest_n begin_v with_o inguâ—â—_n and_o eadmerus_n end_v with_o thom._n walsingham_n but_o as_o for_o your_o exception_n against_o his_o violate_v of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o you_o can_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v such_o thing_n and_o if_o so_o sure_o a_o king_n may_v violate_v they_o if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o your_o excuse_n for_o the_o king_n breach_n of_o they_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v together_o in_o any_o one_o place_n but_o be_v to_o be_v pick_v up_o here_o and_o there_o from_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n make_v nothing_o against_o the_o validity_n or_o the_o possibility_n of_o his_o know_v they_o for_o as_o before_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o write_v by_o those_o statute_n which_o only_o declare_v and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a common_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n they_o exist_v as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o head_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n so_o when_o divers_a king_n of_o england_n by_o their_o tyrannical_a and_o illegal_a practice_n have_v make_v divers_a violation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n there_o then_o grow_v a_o necessity_n of_o new_a grant_n and_o confirm_v those_o liberty_n and_o consequent_o of_o reduce_v they_o into_o write_v which_o there_o be_v not_o before_o and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o iii_o ed._n the_o i._o and_o divers_a other_o of_o their_o successor_n be_v make_v either_o for_o their_o explanation_n or_o ratification_n according_a as_o occasion_v require_v and_o as_o several_a prince_n have_v more_o or_o less_o violate_v these_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n for_o before_o they_o have_v so_o do_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o parliament_n make_v or_o declare_v any_o law_n about_o it_o but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v the_o article_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n against_o edward_n and_o richard_n the_o ii_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v the_o law_n altogether_o that_o will_v make_v a_o prince_n to_o be_v declare_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n but_o that_o king_n james_n have_v before_o his_o desertion_n endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_a religion_n the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n appear_v by_o those_o several_a article_n the_o convention_n have_v give_v we_o in_o their_o late_a declaration_n which_o they_o present_v to_o king_n william_n upon_o their_o declare_v he_o and_o his_o princess_n k._n and_o queen_n of_o england_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o since_o it_o be_v common_o to_o be_v have_v you_o know_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o recital_n of_o divers_a thing_n the_o violation_n of_o which_o have_v be_v always_o count_v in_o all_o king_n reign_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o last_o clause_n save_o one_o you_o except_v against_o viz._n that_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n now_o your_o main_a argument_n against_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n desertion_n of_o the_o government_n be_v only_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n or_o of_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o royal_a dignity_n can_v not_o by_o his_o go_v away_o be_v say_v to_o abdicate_v or_o renounce_v the_o crown_n since_o he_o go_v away_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o return_v and_o repossess_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v to_o which_o before_o i_o make_v any_o answer_n i_o must_v free_o own_v that_o be_v this_o the_o case_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o i_o think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a dispute_n in_o it_o since_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n who_o be_v thus_o force_v to_o fly_v for_o fear_n of_o his_o life_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o injustice_n put_v upon_o he_o but_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o when_o king_n james_n i._o go_v away_o he_o have_v then_o a_o army_n about_o he_o be_v free_a and_o in_o his_o own_o palace_n and_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o actual_a treaty_n with_o the_o prince_n nor_o have_v london_n nor_o any_o considerable_a strong_a place_n in_o england_n then_o surrender_v itself_o to_o the_o prince_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o necessity_n for_o his_o departure_n but_o what_o he_o have_v bring_v upon_o himself_o by_o his_o refuse_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n burn_v the_o writ_n and_o send_v away_o the_o queen_n and_o child_n together_o with_o the_o main_a instrument_n of_o government_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n this_o must_v certain_o be_v look_v upon_o
grant_v that_o hoveden_n as_o you_o cite_v he_o relate_v that_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o richard_n the_o i._o by_o the_o title_n of_o king_n yet_o be_v it_o very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o only_o by_o a_o prolepsis_n or_o perhaps_o a_o slip_n of_o the_o pen_n in_o this_o author_n since_o he_o write_v this_o history_n long_o aâ—ter_a king_n richard_n death_n and_o therefore_o without_o we_o have_v the_o very_a word_n of_o this_o oath_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o thence_o and_o i_o think_v we_o may_v as_o well_o credit_v the_o chronicle_n of_o abbot_n brompton_n who_o likewise_o live_v about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o recite_v all_o this_o affair_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n with_o those_o in_o hoveden_n but_o there_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o run_v exact_o in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o in_o this_o author_n but_o thus_o quod_fw-la unusquesque_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la juraret_fw-la quod_fw-la sidem_fw-la portaret_fw-la domino_fw-la richardo_n domino_fw-la angliae_fw-la filio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la etc._n etc._n ficut_fw-la legio_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la mortales_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o oath_n be_v not_o make_v to_o king_n richard_n as_o king_n but_o only_o as_o lord_n of_o england_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o two_o title_n not_o only_o in_o name_n but_o in_o substance_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o empress_n maud_n still_n her self_o domina_fw-la and_o not_o regina_fw-la anglorum_fw-la though_o she_o have_v homage_n render_v and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o she_o not_o only_o in_o her_o father_n life_n time_n but_o also_o after_o her_o come_n over_o again_o into_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n by_o all_o that_o own_a her_o title_n and_o that_o hoveden_n himself_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o this_o appear_v by_o that_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 793._o and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_z be_v send_v over_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n make_v all_o the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o city_n as_o burrough_n with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o freeholders_n jurare_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o pacem_fw-la johanni_n normanorum_n duci_fw-la filio_fw-la henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la silij_fw-la matildis_n imperatricis_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o oath_n be_v take_v to_o he_o only_o as_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o not_o as_o king_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o you_o be_v mistake_v to_o say_v that_o hoveden_n mention_n the_o like_a oath_n to_o be_v take_v to_o duke_n john_n as_o it_o be_v before_o to_o king_n richard_n but_o i_o come_v now_o to_o answer_v your_o last_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacancy_n or_o inter-regnum_a in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v because_o that_o our_o chronicle_n and_o table_n of_o succession_n do_v still_o begin_v the_o reign_v of_o each_o king_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o decease_n of_o his_o predecessor_n without_o any_o vacancy_n or_o inter-regnum_fw-la between_o they_o to_o which_o i_o reply_v that_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a chronicle_n or_o historian_n reckon_v thus_o as_o i_o know_v of_o but_o rather_o acknowledge_v a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n to_o have_v be_v between_o each_o succession_n and_o as_o for_o the_o table_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o our_o king_n when_o you_o can_v show_v i_o one_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n from_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n begin_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o successive_a and_o not_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v so_o since_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mix_v partly_o elective_a and_o partly_o hereditary_a our_o king_n might_n to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o title_n still_o reckon_v their_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n immediate_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o predecessor_n though_o there_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o some_o day_n and_o week_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o as_o i_o have_v now_o prove_v and_o shall_v prove_v far_o by_o and_o by_o which_o be_v but_o small_a fraction_n of_o time_n be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o whole_a account_n which_o may_v be_v notwithstanding_o very_o agreeable_a to_o law_n for_o both_o my_o lord_n dyer_n and_o anderson_n in_o their_o report_n do_v agree_v that_o the_o king_n who_o be_v heir_n or_o successor_n may_v write_v and_o begin_v his_o reign_n the_o same_o day_n that_o his_o progenitor_n or_o predecessor_n die_v m._n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o dispute_v this_o point_n with_o you_o any_o long_o since_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o usurpation_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o most_o of_o those_o first_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o prove_v any_o settle_a rule_n of_o succession_n to_o have_v be_v then_o observe_v in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o only_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d_o be_v a_o usurper_n for_o the_o first_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n yet_o for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o which_o be_v near_o thirty_o more_o he_o be_v a_o true_a and_o lawful_a prince_n for_o elinor_n his_o cousin_n be_v dead_a in_o prison_n without_o issue_n and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o of_o that_o line_n leave_v her_o right_n whole_o devolve_v upon_o king_n henry_n and_o he_o and_o his_o child_n be_v to_o be_v from_o henceforth_o reckon_v to_o have_v a_o true_a hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n without_o any_o competitor_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o will_v plain_o appear_v from_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n a_o copy_n of_o which_o i_o have_v by_o i_o where_o though_o he_o bequeath_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o jewel_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n to_o charitable_a use_n yet_o for_o this_o kingdom_n and_o other_o territory_n in_o france_n and_o ireland_n he_o make_v no_o bequest_n of_o they_o at_o all_o either_o to_o prince_n edward_n his_o elder_a or_o to_o edmund_n his_o young_a son_n though_o his_o father_n king_n john_n have_v bequeath_v the_o kingdom_n to_o he_o by_o his_o will_n as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v and_o what_o can_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o but_o that_o there_o be_v now_o no_o title_n leave_v to_o contest_v with_o his_o son_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o prince_n edward_n be_v absent_a in_o the_o holy_a land_n when_o his_o father_n die_v yet_o a_o great_a council_n be_v call_v in_o his_o name_n at_o london_n he_o be_v there_o only_o recognize_v and_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v their_o natural_a liege_n lord_n and_o lawful_a successor_n to_o his_o father_n throne_n 49._o pray_v read_v the_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o walsingham_n life_n of_o this_o king_n edwardum_fw-la absentem_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la leigium_fw-la recognoverunt_fw-la paternique_fw-la successorem_fw-la honoris_fw-la ordinaverunt_fw-la we_o meet_v not_o here_o with_o any_o thing_n like_o election_n which_o no_o doubt_n we_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o do_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o thing_n practise_v so_o likewise_o upon_o this_o king_n death_n his_o son_n king_n edward_n the_o 2_o d._n by_o the_o like_a right_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n and_o though_o this_o prince_n by_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v too_o much_o guide_v by_o his_o minion_n fall_v at_o length_n into_o such_o arbitrary_a and_o irregular_a course_n as_o procure_v he_o the_o hatred_n and_o ill_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o by_o the_o disloyal_a and_o ambitious_a practice_n of_o his_o lascivious_a queen_n he_o be_v make_v prisoner_n a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o his_o name_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o depose_v he_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o right_n and_o though_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n have_v hitherto_o join_v with_o his_o mother_n against_o his_o father_n yet_o be_v he_o herein_o so_o far_o to_o be_v commend_v that_o though_o the_o crown_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n yet_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o swear_v that_o without_o his_o father_n consent_n he_o will_v never_o accept_v it_o whereupon_o divers_a messenger_n or_o delegate_n be_v dispatch_v from_o the_o parliament_n to_o the_o king_n than_o prisoner_n at_o kenelworth_n castle_n who_o tell_v he_o what_o have_v be_v do_v and_o conclude_v of_o at_o london_n require_v he_o to_o resign_v his_o crown_n and_o
one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v in_o relation_n to_o somewhat_o i_o promise_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o last_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o late_a revolution_n be_v different_a from_o the_o last_o civil_a war_n and_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o which_o though_o i_o have_v finish_v and_o think_v to_o have_v insert_v into_o this_o discovese_n yet_o since_o it_o prove_v rather_o too_o long_o without_o it_o and_o that_o the_o bookseller_n urge_v for_o its_o speedy_a publication_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o omit_v it_o since_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o relate_v to_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v various_o state_v by_o those_o who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v you_o the_o head_n of_o those_o inquiry_n i_o have_v make_v and_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o satisfy_v yourself_o in_o these_o point_n follow_v first_o if_o after_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o have_v not_o only_o pass_v all_o bill_n for_o redress_v those_o grievance_n the_o nation_n lie_v under_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o 1640._o but_o have_v also_o pass_v the_o bill_n to_o make_v it_o not_o to_o be_v prorogue_v or_o dissolve_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n i_o say_v whether_o there_o be_v then_o any_o such_o violation_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o fundamental_a law_n which_o shall_v require_v the_o parliament_n and_o nation_n put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n against_o the_o king_n arbitrary_a power_n second_o whether_o the_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n of_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n which_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o the_o king_n have_v do_v still_o trouble_v many_o man_n mind_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o the_o two_o house_n to_o demand_v the_o put_v the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o his_o own_o power_n into_o such_o hand_n as_o they_o shall_v nominate_v and_o appoint_v three_o whether_o upon_o his_o refusal_n of_o their_o address_n for_o the_o militia_n their_o go_v about_o to_o take_v it_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n by_o force_n and_o particular_o their_o shut_v he_o out_o of_o hull_n be_v not_o a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o king_n when_o he_o be_v as_o yet_o unâ—armed_v and_o have_v give_v out_o no_o commission_n to_o raise_v man_n or_o arms._n four_o when_o the_o war_n be_v begin_v whether_o the_o king_n do_v not_o in_o all_o his_o message_n to_o and_o treaty_n with_o the_o parliament_n propose_v and_o seem_v to_o desire_v peace_n upon_o equal_a and_o reasonable_a term_n five_o whether_o the_o two_o house_n do_v not_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o those_o reasonable_a proposal_n still_o insist_v upon_o high_a term_n as_o their_o victory_n and_o success_n over_o the_o king_n increase_v six_o when_o the_o king_n be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o scot_n whether_o the_o parliament_n and_o army_n do_v not_o keep_v he_o as_o good_a as_o a_o close_a prisoner_n and_o vote_v no_o more_o address_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o mere_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o pass_v whatever_o bill_n they_o bring_v to_o he_o seven_o when_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v by_o necessity_n to_o grant_v they_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n almost_o whatever_o they_o demand_v whether_o he_o be_v not_o hurry_v away_o from_o thence_o by_o cromwell_n army_n and_o for_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o who_o have_v voted_n the_o king_n concession_n satisfactory_a exclude_v the_o house_n by_o force_n till_o the_o far_o less_o party_n have_v reverse_v all_o that_o the_o rest_n have_v do_v and_o then_o vote_v the_o king_n shall_v he_o call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o parliament_n and_o for_o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n eight_o whether_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o they_o do_v not_o appoint_v judge_n to_o try_v the_o king_n who_o upon_o his_o refusal_n to_o own_o their_o authority_n condemn_v he_o to_o death_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o own_o palace_n nine_o whether_o this_o fag_n end_n of_o a_o parliament_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n both_o in_o church_n and_o state_n destroy_v both_o monarchy_n and_o episcopacy_n and_o vote_v the_o house_n of_o peer_n useless_a and_o dangerous_a and_o set_v up_o a_o democratical_a commonwealth_n or_o rather_o a_o oligarcy_n in_o their_o stead_n consist_v of_o about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o man_n whole_o govern_v and_o awe_v by_o cromwell_n and_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n now_o let_v any_o man_n but_o impartial_o consider_v all_o these_o transaction_n with_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o read_v what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o three_o last_o dialogue_n and_o then_o let_v he_o tell_v meingenuous_o whether_o he_o think_v this_o revolution_n have_v be_v begin_v upon_o the_o like_a ground_n and_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o same_o violent_a course_n or_o have_v end_v with_o the_o same_o direful_a effect_n as_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o propose_v on_o this_o subject_a but_o only_o to_o wish_v that_o these_o discourse_n write_v with_o a_o real_a design_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o peace_n of_o my_o country_n may_v be_v read_v with_o the_o like_a affection_n with_o which_o they_o be_v write_v and_o may_v real_o promote_v that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v but_o if_o not_o that_o they_o may_v at_o least_o serve_v as_o a_o impartial_a history_n to_o posterity_n of_o those_o principle_n and_o opinion_n on_o which_o this_o late_a great_a revolution_n have_v be_v bring_v about_o in_o england_n and_o also_o those_o on_o which_o it_o have_v be_v so_o violent_o oppose_v by_o the_o dissent_v party_n the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n sir_n i_o hope_v i_o do_v not_o interrupt_v you_o by_o come_v too_o soon_o for_o the_o truth_n be_v since_o i_o intend_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o last_o dispute_v i_o shall_v ever_o have_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o subject_a i_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o have_v it_o dispatch_v as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v that_o when_o i_o have_v once_o discharge_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o old_a friend_n and_o acquaintance_n my_o mind_n may_v be_v at_o rest_n which_o side_n soever_o you_o take_v m._n dear_a sir_n i_o thank_v you_o and_o though_o i_o intend_v to_o go_v abroad_o this_o evening_n upon_o a_o appointment_n yet_o i_o will_v not_o put_v it_o off_o that_o i_o may_v enjoy_v your_o better_a conversation_n therefore_o pray_v begin_v where_o you_o leave_v off_o and_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o i_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n f._n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o you_o may_v not_o safe_o do_v it_o since_o our_o best_a common_a lawyer_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n for_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o three_o institute_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o treason_n 7._o the_o 25_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o iii_o d_o give_v it_o for_o law_n that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o king_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o king_n regnant_n in_o possession_n although_o he_o be_v rex_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr jure_fw-la yet_o be_v he_o signior_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr within_o the_o purview_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o other_o that_o have_v right_o and_o be_v out_o of_o possession_n be_v not_o within_o this_o act_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o levy_v war_n against_o he_o or_o to_o conspire_v his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v king_n it_o can_v only_o be_v so_o because_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n be_v then_o due_a to_o he_o for_o that_o all_o man_n have_v either_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o else_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v it_o m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n neither_o in_o point_n of_o law_n or_o reason_n for_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o persuade_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o king_n james_n be_v king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la so_o long_o must_v the_o obligation_n of_o my_o former_a oath_n last_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o owe_v allegiance_n to_o two_o king_n at_o once_o as_o it_o be_v to_o serve_v two_o master_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o suppose_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n depend_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o common_o receive_v sense_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o vii_o the_o which_o he_o quote_v in_o the_o margin_n may_v be_v
also_o to_o those_o of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n for_o a_o usurper_n not_o only_o to_o seize_v the_o throne_n by_o force_n but_o if_o he_o can_v once_o get_v himself_o solemn_o crown_v and_o then_o recognise_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o call_n which_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o to_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o obsequious_a to_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o usurper_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v i_o in_o henry_n the_o ivth_o henry_n the_o vith_o and_o richard_n the_o iiid_n the_o consequence_n will_v then_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a nation_n will_v not_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o will_v be_v also_o oblige_v by_o this_o act_n to_o descend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o usurpation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o it_o will_v also_o indemnify_v they_o for_o so_o do_v which_o will_v be_v to_o establish_v iniquity_n by_o a_o law_n and_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o settle_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n which_o i_o affirm_v god_n himself_o be_v not_o able_a to_o alter_v without_o depart_v from_o those_o great_a attribute_n of_o immutability_n and_o justice_n so_o essential_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n f._n it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reply_v to_o these_o argument_n since_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o such_o false_a principle_n as_o be_v already_o answer_v as_o first_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o it_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o that_o consequent_o none_o but_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a by_o inheritance_n can_v require_v our_o allegiance_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o where_o you_o can_v find_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n know_v in_o england_n till_o between_o four_o and_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o succeed_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o three_o without_o any_o bequest_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o testament_n and_o before_o any_o election_n or_o coronation_n since_o he_o be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n but_o suppose_v it_o now_o to_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n 57_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o monarchy_n shall_v continue_v always_o in_o such_o a_o family_n for_o that_o may_v sail_v or_o may_v be_v change_v by_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n as_o have_v often_o be_v and_o the_o constitution_n continue_v so_o that_o the_o most_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o when_o any_o particular_a family_n by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n and_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o right_a the_o crown_n ought_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n but_o suppose_v it_o do_v not_o must_v we_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o no_o other_o person_n though_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n pray_v sir_n show_v i_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o its_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o we_o must_v pay_v our_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o king_n not_o to_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v not_o and_o to_o think_v to_o confute_v this_o by_o pretend_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v to_o take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o fright_v at_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n which_o you_o suppose_v must_v follow_v if_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o shall_v be_v law_n viz._n that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o rebel_n and_o usurper_n who_o can_v get_v himself_o crown_v and_o then_o own_a to_o be_v king_n by_o a_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o calling_n to_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n and_o that_o cromwell_n if_o he_o can_v have_v get_v himself_o once_o crown_v and_o recognise_v may_v have_v be_v defend_v in_o his_o unjust_a usurpation_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o admit_v this_o to_o have_v be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o at_o this_o coronation_n he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n ancient_o take_v by_o our_o king_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v summon_v to_o recognize_v his_o title_n have_v consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a lord_n and_o commons_o consist_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n which_o never_o be_v observe_v in_o any_o of_o those_o mock-parliament_n which_o cromwell_n call_v have_v all_o these_o condition_n be_v observe_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a a_o king_n within_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o as_o he_o himself_o ever_o be_v before_o he_o marry_v with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v not_o till_o near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o upon_o every_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o the_o first_o prince_n of_o that_o family_n can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o yet_o we_o find_v such_o prince_n to_o this_o day_n take_v for_o lawful_a king_n thus_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v each_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n according_a to_o our_o constitution_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o lineal_a descent_n and_o though_o you_o may_v say_v that_o as_o to_o william_n i._o he_o have_v a_o good_a right_n by_o conquest_n that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v real_o no_o conqueror_n and_o if_o the_o english_a saxon_a monarchy_n be_v hereditary_a before_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n suppose_v he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o usurper_n upon_o edgar_n athling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n and_o as_o for_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o henry_n the_o viith_o though_o they_o both_o pretend_v a_o feign_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o heir_n by_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a act_n of_o recognition_n i_o have_v cite_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o that_o title_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o subsequent_a act_n whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o himself_o and_o his_o four_o son_n successive_o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v only_o draw_v in_o general_a term_n declare_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o breach_n make_v upon_o this_o statute_n as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o yet_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o since_o the_o crown_n be_v certain_o settle_v upon_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o only_o lineal_o descend_v from_o they_o but_o who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o right_a heir_n unto_o they_o since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n have_v declare_v they_o to_o be_v so_o but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o speech_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n must_v needs_o be_v void_a because_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
in_o law_n since_o we_o find_v by_o the_o whole_a course_n both_o of_o law_n and_o history_n that_o the_o statute_n make_v by_o king_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la be_v as_o true_o and_o as_o much_o law_n as_o those_o make_v by_o your_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o attainder_n for_o treason_n commit_v against_o they_o have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v declare_v void_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v reverse_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n than_o by_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o from_o divers_a instance_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n nor_o be_v your_o exception_n against_o the_o present_a parliament_n not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n write_v of_o any_o force_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o great_a council_n that_o assemble_v to_o recognize_v and_o ordain_v edward_n the_o first_o to_o be_v king_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o holy-land_n as_o also_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o edward_n and_o richard_n the_o second_o by_o which_o they_o be_v depose_v and_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o henry_n the_o four_o declare_v to_o be_v their_o successor_n that_o those_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v by_o those_o prince_n who_o they_o so_o recognise_v and_o therefore_o though_o they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o former_a king_n yet_o their_o authority_n determine_v as_o to_o be_v the_o parliament_n of_o that_o king_n that_o call_v they_o upon_o his_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n and_o therefore_o must_v owe_v their_o sit_v long_o whole_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o they_o have_v already_o declare_v king_n who_o presence_n and_o authority_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o sufficient_a to_o give_v they_o power_n to_o sit_v and_o make_v law_n with_o the_o succeed_a king_n though_o they_o be_v never_o summon_v by_o he_o to_o these_o parliament_n i_o may_v add_v that_o of_o the_o first_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o which_o call_v home_o the_o king_n and_o after_o his_o return_n make_v several_a statute_n both_o public_a and_o private_a which_o stand_v good_a to_o this_o day_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v you_o have_v no_o reason_n either_o from_o law_n or_o history_n to_o maintain_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n or_o that_o none_o can_v be_v declare_v king_n or_o queen_n but_o in_o a_o parliament_n summon_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o that_o prince_n who_o title_n they_o be_v to_o recognize_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v as_o you_o lay_v they_o as_o to_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n you_o mention_v but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o as_o for_o those_o parliament_n call_v in_o the_o name_n of_o edward_n or_o richard_n the_o second_o there_o be_v no_o procedent_fw-la to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o because_o they_o serve_v only_o to_o depose_v their_o lawful_a king_n and_o to_o set_v up_o those_o who_o have_v no_o right_n at_o least_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v and_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o any_o coersive_a power_n in_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n over_o the_o king_n be_v express_o renounce_v and_o declare_v against_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o but_o as_o for_o the_o convention_n which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o that_o king_n i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o my_o judgement_n of_o it_o that_o though_o they_o may_v lawful_o meet_v to_o vote_n the_o return_n of_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o to_o recognize_v his_o title_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o for_o all_o that_o a_o lawful_a parliament_n as_o to_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n or_o make_v of_o law_n and_o therefore_o what_o ever_o they_o do_v to_o both_o these_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o i_o now_o mention_v but_o indeed_o i_o can_v but_o admire_v as_o this_o mongrel_n hodge_fw-mi podge_fw-mi course_n of_o succession_n which_o you_o now_o suppose_v to_o take_v place_n in_o england_n for_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o the_o crown_n be_v hereditary_a and_o have_v be_v always_o claim_v as_o such_o for_o near_o 500_o year_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o when_o ever_o a_o usurper_n and_o a_o parliament_n shall_v agree_v together_o he_o to_o take_v the_o crown_n by_o force_n and_o they_o to_o recognize_v his_o title_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o please_v to_o call_v they_o he_o must_v then_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n and_o the_o just_a and_o rightful_a title_n of_o the_o true_a king_n or_o lawful_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v so_o far_o destroy_v as_o that_o allegiance_n must_v be_v due_a to_o this_o usurper_n though_o perhaps_o he_o obtain_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o most_o horrid_a villainy_n in_o the_o world_n as_o the_o depose_n and_o murder_v of_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n as_o henry_n the_o ivth_o do_v and_o which_o will_v also_o have_v be_v the_o case_n of_o oliver_n cromwell_n have_v he_o ever_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n so_o that_o be_v to_o set_v on_o foot_n at_o once_o two_o contrary_a legal_a right_n a_o legal_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o descent_n of_o blood_n without_o a_o right_a to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n belong_v to_o a_o king_n and_o a_o legal_a right_n to_o wear_v the_o crown_n and_o exercise_v the_o authority_n belong_v to_o it_o without_o any_o antecedent_n legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n itself_o which_o will_v indeed_o render_v the_o legal_a authority_n in_o england_n to_o be_v like_o the_o right_a that_o man_n have_v to_o those_o creature_n that_o be_v ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la which_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o can_v get_v they_o into_o his_o power_n for_o as_o to_o the_o consent_n or_o recognition_n of_o parliament_n i_o look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o mere_a â—auble_n since_o yourself_o can_v show_v i_o any_o usurper_n since_o the_o conquest_n though_o never_o so_o wicked_a and_o notorious_a who_o ever_o fail_v to_o have_v his_o title_n so_o recognize_v and_o confirm_v by_o parliament_n as_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v which_o methinks_v be_v a_o high_a derogation_n from_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o true_a hereditary_a monarchy_n such_o as_o we_o either_o be_v or_o at_o least_o ought_v to_o be_v f._n i_o shall_v reply_v but_o this_o once_o upon_o this_o head_n since_o i_o see_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o new_o say_v upon_o it_o and_o therefore_o you_o yourself_o be_v forâ—ed_v to_o repeat_v what_o you_o have_v already_o â—urged_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v only_o you_o strive_v to_o support_v it_o by_o fresh_a authority_n therefore_o as_o to_o the_o parliament_n which_o depose_a king_n edward_n and_o richard_n the_o second_o i_o can_v blame_v you_o for_o deny_v they_o to_o be_v lawful_a precedent_n because_o they_o make_v direct_o against_o your_o opinion_n but_o you_o say_v nothing_o to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o not_o only_o ordain_v he_o shall_v be_v king_n but_o also_o appoint_v all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v to_o govern_v it_o in_o his_o absence_n but_o you_o may_v deny_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o four_o as_o much_o as_o you_o please_v in_o a_o chamber_n but_o if_o you_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a at_o westminster-hall_n against_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o make_v whilst_o edward_n or_o richard_n the_o second_o be_v live_v you_o will_v soon_o be_v overrule_v and_o tell_v that_o those_o law_n have_v still_o continue_v in_o force_n and_o unrepeal_v and_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o private_a man_n to_o question_v those_o act_n that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o receive_v for_o law_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n that_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v only_o confirm_v 〈…〉_z cantela_fw-mi and_o that_o they_o have_v be_v good_a without_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o all_o their_o private_a act_n though_o never_o confirm_v in_o the_o follow_a parliament_n be_v still_o in_o force_n but_o if_o the_o solemn_a recognition_n of_o a_o king_n title_n by_o parliament_n be_v such_o a_o bauble_n and_o so_o easy_o obtain_v as_o you_o suppose_v i_o may_v say_v the_o same_o of_o that_o act_n which_o recognized_a king_n james_n the_o fir_v title_n that_o it_o be_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o flattery_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v you_o reply_v that_o they_o may_v do_v this_o because_o he_o
power_n under_o other_o title_n such_o as_o the_o rump_n parliament_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o oliver_n cromwell_n under_o that_o of_o a_o protector_n who_o though_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o protect_v the_o people_n after_o a_o sort_n in_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o true_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n which_o they_o high_o violate_v and_o in_o some_o point_n quite_o destroy_v and_o that_o they_o also_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o protection_n without_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o lawful_a representative_n of_o the_o nation_n assemble_v in_o a_o full_a and_o lawful_a parliament_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v they_o to_o have_v give_v the_o people_n such_o a_o true_a and_o legal_a protection_n as_o the_o law_n require_v to_o constitute_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a allegiance_n or_o can_v make_v they_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o so_o that_o this_o statute_n and_o that_o of_o the_o 11_o henry_n the_o seven_o must_v be_v our_o rule_n in_o this_o case_n but_o i_o can_v but_o smile_v at_o the_o expedient_a you_o have_v find_v out_o to_o hinder_v the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n from_o be_v ruin_v if_o they_o do_v not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n which_o be_v by_o a_o general_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o it_o and_o this_o you_o suppose_v if_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o will_v hinder_v they_o from_o suffer_v any_o thing_n by_o this_o their_o refusal_n and_o you_o think_v they_o be_v also_o strong_a enough_o to_o oppose_v it_o because_o the_o king_n have_v only_o a_o small_a army_n of_o foreigner_n which_o he_o still_o maintain_v here_o and_o this_o you_o think_v may_v lawful_o be_v do_v because_o their_o majesty_n do_v not_o claim_v by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o convention_n and_o therefore_o that_o this_o case_n do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o that_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o flanders_n and_o holstein_n in_o which_o argument_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o of_o your_o supposition_n be_v false_a for_o though_o the_o nation_n be_v not_o conquer_a yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o privaâ—â—_n subject_n be_v under_o as_o great_a a_o restraint_n by_o this_o legal_a change_n of_o the_o government_n as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o conqueror_n for_o to_o resist_v will_v be_v equal_o fatal_a to_o they_o in_o both_o case_n and_o there_o be_v no_o visible_a power_n nor_o authority_n that_o can_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o present_a power_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v stand_v army_n of_o foreigner_n be_v but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n since_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o keep_v we_o in_o subjection_n by_o force_n but_o only_o to_o hinder_v any_o sudden_a insurrection_n of_o those_o of_o your_o party_n yet_o beside_o all_o this_o god_n be_v thank_v their_o majesty_n have_v the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o nation_n on_o their_o side_n who_o be_v sufficient_o able_a to_o destroy_v all_o those_o that_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o make_v those_o vigorous_a effort_n you_o so_o much_o desire_v so_o that_o you_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o plead_v but_o that_o which_o i_o hope_v never_o to_o see_v that_o we_o be_v not_o under_o a_o force_n because_o we_o still_o entire_o enjoy_v our_o religion_n liberty_n and_o property_n and_o though_o the_o king_n out_o of_o his_o great_a goodness_n and_o modesty_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o insist_v upon_o his_o title_n by_o conquest_n over_o king_n james_n and_o his_o adherent_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o he_o may_v as_o just_o claim_v by_o conquest_n as_o his_o namesake_n william_n the_o first_o since_o he_o come_v not_o over_o to_o conquer_v the_o nation_n but_o to_o vindicate_v his_o former_a right_n and_o after_o his_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n can_v have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n till_o he_o have_v be_v solemn_o elect_v and_o recognise_v for_o king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n use_v at_o that_o time_n and_o why_o the_o nation_n may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o for_o their_o deliverer_n from_o king_n iame'_v arbitrary_a power_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n but_o if_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v have_v be_v as_o pevish_a and_o discontent_a as_o those_o of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v not_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n as_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n because_o he_o do_v not_o claim_v by_o conquest_n it_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o grateful_a and_o reasonable_a as_o if_o a_o woman_n have_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o honest_a gentleman_n be_v rescue_v from_o be_v ravish_v and_o he_o afterward_o fall_v in_o love_n with_o she_o himself_o shall_v court_v she_o to_o marry_v she_o she_o shall_v refuse_v he_o because_o he_o have_v not_o ravish_v she_o when_o he_o may_v or_o at_o least_o have_v force_v she_o to_o marry_v he_o whither_o she_o will_v or_o no_o apply_v this_o comparison_n to_o the_o case_n in_o dispute_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o hold_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o maintain_v that_o the_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o flanders_n and_o holstein_n be_v still_o good_a as_o to_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n who_o have_v no_o notion_n how_o allegiance_n can_v be_v transfer_v unless_o by_o perfect_a force_n and_o conquest_n since_o if_o you_o please_v to_o desire_v it_o i_o will_v undertake_v the_o government_n shall_v seize_v upon_o your_o estate_n and_o imprison_v your_o person_n till_o you_o do_v take_v the_o oath_n as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o denmark_n do_v those_o that_o refuse_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o they_o m._n i_o have_v hear_v you_o a_o great_a while_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o i_o wish_v i_o can_v say_v i_o be_v full_o satisfy_v with_o your_o reason_n however_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a i_o will_v not_o dispute_v this_o point_n any_o far_a but_o will_v take_v time_n to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v but_o only_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o thus_o much_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o prince_n can_v find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o secure_v themselves_o of_o their_o subject_n fidelity_n beside_o this_o test_n of_o a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o snare_n to_o many_o pious_a and_o conscientious_a man_n whereas_o those_o of_o none_o or_o at_o least_o of_o very_o loose_a principle_n will_v swallow_v any_o oath_n that_o can_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v so_o many_o of_o those_o who_o i_o know_v be_v in_o their_o heart_n of_o my_o principle_n prevail_v upon_o to_o take_v it_o not_o out_o of_o conscience_n but_o mere_a worldly_a interest_n and_o advantage_n and_o who_o i_o be_o satisfy_v will_v never_o serve_v this_o government_n the_o more_o hearty_o or_o sincere_o for_o have_v take_v it_o and_o therefore_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o begin_v very_o much_o to_o incline_v to_o grotius_n opinion_n that_o promissory_n oath_n be_v absolute_o unlawful_a yet_o consider_v the_o several_a change_n and_o turn_v of_o government_n which_o we_o have_v see_v in_o england_n for_o above_o forty_o year_n last_o pass_v i_o be_o so_o far_o for_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o my_o country_n as_o to_o think_v every_o true_a english_a man_n oblige_v so_o far_o to_o obey_v the_o power_n in_o be_v as_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o offender_n and_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n but_o sure_o methinks_v this_o might_n verywell_a be_v do_v without_o the_o impose_v any_o oath_n at_o all_o either_o upon_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n and_o much_o less_o upon_o ordinary_a subject_n since_o if_o they_o be_v persuade_v in_o their_o conscience_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o act_v under_o this_o present_a government_n let_v they_o do_v it_o if_o they_o will_v but_o a_o for_o the_o common_a people_n i_o confess_v they_o be_v so_o stupid_a that_o they_o have_v seldom_o any_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o lawfulness_n of_o any_o government_n or_o prince_n title_n than_o the_o ease_n or_o advantage_n they_o find_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o better_o for_o