therefore_o they_o be_v of_o the_o english_a nobility_n for_o service_n prefer_v before_o the_o english_a yet_o of_o late_a here_o they_o have_v use_v themselves_o to_o dwell_v in_o city_n to_o learn_v occupation_n to_o trade_v as_o merchant_n to_o go_v to_o plough_v and_o to_o do_v any_o manner_n of_o business_n good_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a nay_o in_o this_o thing_n they_o excel_v they_o that_o there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o poor_a among_o they_o but_o for_o a_o while_n will_v set_v his_o son_n to_o school_n to_o learn_v to_o write_v and_o read_v and_o those_o who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v apt_a they_o send_v to_o the_o university_n &_o cause_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n here_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o which_o in_o this_o kingdom_n do_v profess_v the_o civil_a or_o canon_n law_n be_v welshmen_n bear_v you_o shall_v find_v also_o very_a 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to_o be_v mona_n if_o the_o name_n which_o yet_o it_o retain_v if_o the_o city_n caernaruon_n which_o be_v over_o against_o it_o upon_o the_o main_a do_v take_v his_o denomination_n from_o hence_o and_o be_v call_v aruon_n for_o ar-mon_a if_o that_o same_o very_a short_a cut_v over_o of_o which_o the_o roman_a writer_n do_v speak_v if_o the_o nesse_n or_o promontory_n pen-mon_a that_o be_v as_o the_o word_n signify_v the_o head_n of_o mon_n if_o the_o huge_a body_n of_o tree_n and_o root_n cover_v over_o with_o sand_n which_o daily_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o tirmon_a if_o the_o firre-tree_n of_o marvellous_a length_n which_o in_o squal_o ground_n be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o island_n do_v not_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v ancient_o call_v mona_n which_o now_o we_o call_v anglesey_n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v more_o than_o that_o i_o have_v read_v this_o in_o the_o 14._o book_n of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n his_o annal_n excisique_fw-la luci_fw-la saevis_fw-la superstitionibus_fw-la sacri_fw-la etc._n etc._n felling_n the_o wood_n consecrate_v to_o superstitious_a service_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o leland_n in_o another_o place_n have_v these_o verse_n of_o this_o island_n insula_fw-la romanis_n mona_n non_fw-la incognita_fw-la bellis_fw-la quondam_a terra_fw-la ferax_fw-la nemorum_fw-la nunc_fw-la indiga_fw-la siluae_fw-la sed_fw-la venetis_fw-la tantum_fw-la cereali_fw-la munere_fw-la praestans_fw-la mater_fw-la ut_fw-la à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la cambrorum_fw-la jure_fw-la vocetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n tyr-môn_a in_o former_a time_n thus_o witness_v writer_n old_a be_v full_a of_o stately_a wood_n but_o now_o li'th_v bleak_a and_o cold_a the_o soil_n be_v pass_o good_a of_o corn_n it_o yeeld'th_v such_o store_n that_o welshmen_n nurse_n it_o be_v call_v as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o etc._n etc._n cambriae_fw-la typus_fw-la auctore_fw-la humfre_n do_v lhvydo_o denbigiense_n cambrobritano_n aliquod_fw-la regionum_fw-la huius_fw-la tractus_fw-la synonyma_fw-la prout_fw-la latinè_n britannicè_fw-la &_o anglicè_fw-la etiemnum_fw-la appellanture_v cambria_n l._n cambrÿ_n b._n wales_n a._n venedotia_n l._n gwÿnedhia_n b._n north-wales_n a._n demetia_n l._n dÿfet_fw-fr b._n westwales_n a._n ceretica_n l._n ceredigion_n b._n cardigan_n a._n povisia_n l._n powijs_fw-la b._n dehenbart_n b._n sutwales_n a._n ireland_n ireland_n which_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n call_v hibernia_n other_o iverma_n and_o jerna_n the_o irish_a themselves_n call_v eryn_n from_o hence_o stranger_n take_v it_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o english_a which_o pronounce_v e_fw-la the_o second_o vowel_n with_o the_o same_o sound_n that_o other_o nation_n do_v sound_a i_o the_o three_o vowel_n have_v make_v as_o it_o seem_v irynlandt_n compound_v as_o be_v apparent_a of_o the_o irish_a erin_n and_o the_o saxon_a or_o dutch_a landt_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v for_o more_o commodity_n of_o speech_n and_o roundness_n of_o pronunciation_n into_o irland_n from_o whence_o the_o latin_n frame_v irlandia_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n which_o seat_v themselves_o in_o this_o island_n come_v hither_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o britain_n or_o england_n not_o from_o spain_n as_o some_o most_o absurd_o have_v write_v for_o the_o abridgement_n of_o strabo_n do_v flat_o call_v these_o islander_n britain_n be_v and_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o irin_n be_v a_o part_n of_o britain_n wherefore_o it_o be_v just_o of_o all_o old_a writer_n call_v insula_fw-la britannia_fw-la one_o of_o the_o british_a isle_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 400._o in_o the_o day_n of_o honorius_n and_o arcadius_n the_o emperor_n at_o what_o time_n the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v the_o scot_n a_o second_o nation_n enter_v ireland_n and_o plant_v themselves_o as_o orosius_n write_v in_o the_o north_n part_n whereupon_o it_o be_v
call_v s._n johns-toun_a be_v the_o only_a town_n in_o scotland_n that_o be_v wall_v about_o of_o the_o wood_n caledon_n whereof_o ptolemey_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n have_v record_v there_o be_v scarce_o any_o mention_n to_o be_v find_v only_o about_o the_o town_n of_o sterling_n there_o remain_v some_o show_n of_o the_o name_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n now_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o island_n that_o lie_v round_o about_o the_o same_o and_o do_v belong_v unto_o that_o crown_n the_o hebrides_n common_o call_v the_o west-iles_a both_o for_o bigness_n and_o number_n do_v excel_v the_o rest_n hector_n boëthus_n say_v that_o they_o be_v in_o number_n 43._o but_o here_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o i_o will_v of_o man_n as_o one_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n but_o be_v under_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v 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sea_n and_o of_o rot_a wood_n and_o not_o to_o grow_v upon_o tree_n as_o the_o common_a sort_n believe_v and_o have_v publish_v in_o their_o writing_n for_o if_o you_o shall_v cast_v say_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n into_o that_o sea_n in_o continuance_n of_o time_n first_o worm_n do_v breed_v within_o the_o wood_n which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o become_v to_o have_v head_n foot_n &_o wing_n at_o the_o last_o be_v fledge_a and_o grow_v to_o their_o full_a growth_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n they_o attempt_v to_o fly_v and_o do_v sometime_o swim_v and_o sometime_o use_v their_o wing_n as_o other_o sea-foule_a do_v beyond_o the_o hebrides_n be_v the_o orchades_n or_o the_o orkeney_n isle_n of_o which_o the_o best_a be_v pomona_n famous_a for_o the_o bishops-sea_n a_o goodly_a church_n and_o two_o strong_a castle_n one_o of_o these_o john_n mayor_n call_v zealand_n which_o be_v 50._o mile_n in_o length_n in_o these_o grow_v no_o manner_n of_o tree_n nor_o any_o wheat_n and_o yet_o otherwise_o of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o grain_n they_o be_v very_o fertile_a it_o breed_v no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a beast_n in_o scotland_n they_o buy_v the_o barrel_v butter_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v abundance_n of_o barley_n whereof_o they_o make_v a_o most_o strong_a kind_n of_o drink_n and_o be_v very_o great_a drinker_n yet_o as_o boëthus_n say_v you_o shall_v never_o see_v a_o drunkenman_n or_o mad_a man_n one_o distraught_a or_o a_o natural_a fool_n among_o they_o the_o same_o author_n affirm_v the_o like_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o scetland_n but_o this_o be_v no_o wonder_n among_o they_o that_o drink_v nought_o but_o water_n all_o the_o wealth_n and_o commodity_n of_o these_o scetland-man_n consist_v in_o stockfish_n and_o hide_v of_o beast_n in_o the_o hebrides_n they_o use_v the_o irish_a tongue_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o orkeney_n they_o speak_v the_o gottish_a language_n m._n jordanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o denmark_n say_v that_o the_o orchades_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n yet_o we_o know_v they_o to_o belong_v to_o scotland_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o dukedom_n but_o see_v what_o we_o have_v write_v of_o this_o in_o the_o discourse_n to_o the_o map_n of_o denmark_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o island_n adjoin_v thou_o may_v read_v more_o at_o large_a in_o hector_n boëthus_n john_n maior_n and_o john_n lisley_n scottishman_n which_o have_v write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o their_o country_n scotiae_fw-la tabula_n miliaria_fw-la scotica_n cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la of_o england_n the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o east_n abut_a upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n be_v of_o the_o angle_n a_o people_n of_o the_o saxon_n which_o seat_a themselves_o there_o in_o their_o language_n call_v anglia_fw-it or_o england_n that_o be_v the_o angel_n land_n the_o west_n 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that_o be_v not_o besmer_v with_o bitumen_n to_o these_o both_o my_o arabian_n do_v subscribe_v of_o galen_n the_o prince_n of_o physician_n it_o be_v call_v lacus_n sodomaeus_n the_o lake_n of_o sodom_n for_o he_o nubiensis_n do_v stand_v who_o never_o name_v it_o bahri_n a_o sea_n but_o bahira_n a_o lake_n or_o stand_a pool_n yet_o contrariwise_o isaac_n term_v it_o bahri_n not_o bahira_n and_o by_o this_o name_n it_o be_v general_o know_v to_o all_o the_o european_n solinus_n call_v it_o tristem_fw-la sinum_fw-la the_o sad-bay_n like_v as_o the_o gulf_n of_o milinde_a be_v of_o some_o name_v asperum_n mare_n the_o rough_a or_o boisterous_a sea_n like_v as_o isaac_n my_o author_n call_v this_o same_o lake_n tzahhib_n the_o churlish_a and_o dangerous_a sea_n josephus_n in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o jew_n say_v that_o this_o place_n where_o now_o be_v the_o dead-sea_n be_v before_o name_v the_o vale_n of_o bitumen_n pit_n strabo_n otherwise_o a_o most_o excellent_a geographer_n and_o curious_a searcher_n out_o of_o the_o truth_n in_o these_o discourse_n false_o confound_v this_o lake_n as_o i_o touch_v before_o with_o the_o sirbon_n lake_n why_o the_o arabian_a shall_v call_v it_o zengie_n and_o sawke_n i_o know_v not_o this_o we_o have_v here_o add_v partly_o out_o of_o the_o geographical_a treasury_n of_o ortelius_n for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o reader_n lest_o the_o diversity_n of_o name_n may_v make_v he_o mistake_v the_o thing_n have_v thus_o finish_v the_o map_n of_o holy_a write_v it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n begin_v and_o go_v on_o forward_o with_o those_o of_o profane_a history_n a_o draught_n and_o shadow_n of_o the_o ancient_a geography_n thou_o have_v gentle_a and_o courteous_a reader_n in_o this_o map_n a_o draught_n a_o plot_n or_o pattern_n i_o may_v call_v it_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n but_o according_a to_o the_o description_n &_o rude_a 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the_o english_a navigation_n compose_v with_o great_a industry_n diligence_n and_o charge_n by_o my_o singular_a good_a friend_n master_n richard_n hacluyt_n by_o he_o england_n still_o shall_v live_v and_o the_o name_n of_o brave_a englishman_n shall_v never_o die_v the_o other_o country_n which_o as_o yet_o do_v lie_v obscure_v within_o the_o freeze_a zone_n and_o under_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v leave_v for_o succeed_v age_n to_o find_v out_o peradventure_o ancient_a writer_n that_o live_v many_o hundred_o year_n since_o have_v name_v some_o country_n or_o some_o one_o place_n or_o other_o out_o of_o this_o our_o continent_n but_o they_o have_v not_o write_v ought_v of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o same_o as_o be_v indeed_o altogether_o unknowen_a unto_o they_o in_o
thou_o to_o m._n camden_n britannia_n where_o this_o argument_n be_v handle_v at_o large_a and_o most_o learned_o only_o in_o defence_n of_o gaulfridus_fw-la lest_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o i_o have_v all_o this_o while_n speak_v against_o his_o person_n i_o conclude_v with_o this_o sa_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n of_o our_o time_n cardanus_n ait_fw-la say_v he_o illius_fw-la aetatis_fw-la scriptores_fw-la tantopere_fw-la mendacio_fw-la &_o fabulis_fw-la fuisse_fw-la delectatos_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o contentionem_fw-la venerint_fw-la quis_fw-la plura_fw-la confingeret_fw-la cardane_n say_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n between_o four_o hundred_o and_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o be_v so_o much_o delight_v with_o fable_n and_o lie_v that_o they_o strive_v who_o shall_v lie_v fast_o and_o win_v the_o whetstone_n it_o be_v you_o see_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o time_n and_o age_n wherein_o he_o live_v not_o of_o the_o man_n the_o learned_a orator_n 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the_o tract_n of_o the_o decay_a wall_n of_o it_o which_o be_v two_o mile_n about_o do_v testify_v that_o it_o be_v sometime_o a_o very_a great_a city_n many_o antiquity_n and_o ancient_a monument_n do_v plain_o show_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a reckon_n now_o it_o be_v nothing_o so_o populous_a and_o well_o inhabit_v k_o from_o the_o severne_n i_o understand_v it_o which_o at_o every_o flood_n entertein_v the_o salt_n water_n a_o great_a way_n up_o into_o the_o country_n l_o warham_n be_v a_o sea_n town_n in_o dorsetshire_n strong_o fortify_v by_o nature_n upon_o the_o south_n and_o north_n with_o two_o river_n ware_n and_o trent_n this_o now_o they_o call_v piddle_v and_o with_o the_o main_a sea_n upon_o the_o east_n only_o upon_o the_o wew_o it_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o assailaunt_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o time_n past_o defend_v with_o a_o fair_a wall_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a well_o inhabit_v and_o 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with_o merchant_n and_o have_v many_o goodly_a tall_a ship_n belong_v to_o it_o king_n john_n grant_v they_o certain_a privilege_n and_o every_o year_n to_o choose_v a_o mayor_n for_o their_o supreme_a magistrrate_n and_o governor_n in_o civil_a cause_n under_o the_o king_n o_o thus_o our_o seaman_n call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n the_o arabian_a term_v it_o ______o tarfi'lgarbi_n mina'lgiezira_fw-la the_o western_a bind_v of_o the_o island_n master_n camden_n in_o his_o scotland_n that_o i_o may_v note_v this_o by_o the_o way_n affirm_v that_o taurus_n in_o welsh_a do_v signify_v the_o end_n or_o limb_n of_o any_o thing_n here_o in_o arabic_a thou_o see_v it_o signify_v the_o same_o and_o in_o english_a we_o call_v if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v the_o brim_n of_o a_o hat_n the_o tarfe_n p_o salisbury_n or_o rather_o sarisbury_n a_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a city_n within_o the_o county_n of_o wilt_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_a at_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o river_n auone_fw-it and_o 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be_v about_o five_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o sixteen_o mile_n over_o every_o mile_n contain_v one_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o geographical_a pase_n therefore_o it_o contain_v in_o compass_n well_o near_o threescore_o and_o twelve_o italian_a mile_n for_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o full_a sixteen_o mile_n over_o that_o which_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o wood_n here_o it_o be_v very_o true_a for_o tacitus_n report_v that_o the_o wood_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o destroy_v by_o the_o roman_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o the_o body_n of_o which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o cover_v with_o earth_n and_o hide_v within_o the_o ground_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o country_n people_n find_v in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o i_o will_v and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v wood_n here_o within_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a by_o our_o history_n of_o the_o barrenness_n of_o this_o island_n i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o to_o say_v see_v that_o he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o write_v that_o which_o all_o man_n do_v know_v to_o be_v most_o false_a for_o such_o be_v the_o fertility_n of_o this_o island_n that_o our_o people_n use_v to_o say_v proverbial_o that_o anglesey_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o wales_n mon_n mam_n gymry_n moreover_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o their_o proportion_n and_o state_n of_o our_o country_n be_v very_o wealthy_a and_o withal_o stout_a and_o valiant_a as_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o english_a historiographer_n for_o the_o english_a man_n have_v oft_o time_n assault_v this_o island_n by_o sea_n and_o labour_v to_o get_v the_o possession_n thereof_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o they_o have_v be_v always_o there_o slay_v or_o put_v to_o the_o worst_a this_o hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n and_o arundel_n there_o slay_v can_v testify_v to_o be_v true_a this_o also_o henry_n the_o natural_a son_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o with_o many_o noble_a man_n with_o he_o there_o slay_v can_v well_o testify_v how_o true_a this_o be_v i_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o this_o i_o find_v that_o two_o hugh_n of_o the_o norman_a blood_n the_o one_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n do_v enter_v this_o island_n great_o vex_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o retain_v they_o in_o due_a obedience_n do_v build_v the_o castle_n at_o aber_n lhienioc_n and_o of_o these_o two_o hugh_z earl_n of_o chester_n be_v indeed_o there_o slay_v but_o how_o not_o in_o the_o entrance_n or_o assault_v of_o the_o i_o will_v but_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o after_o he_o have_v get_v quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o same_o yet_o not_o by_o the_o welsh_a man_n but_o by_o the_o norweighians_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o magnus_n their_o general_n land_v here_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o people_n rob_v the_o country_n and_o depart_v with_o great_a spoil_n of_o that_o henry_n i_o find_v not_o one_o word_n in_o other_o what_o shall_v i_o say_v more_o polydore_n virgil_n mona_n distant_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n twenty_o five_o mile_n no_o whit_n big_a than_o this_o but_o much_o more_o barren_a and_o such_o as_o breed_v a_o weak_a kind_n of_o man_n descend_v from_o the_o irish_a even_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o polydore_n himself_o do_v now_o renounce_v the_o title_n of_o mona_n but_o what_o other_o man_n also_o do_v think_v of_o this_o matter_n let_v we_o hear_v in_o few_o word_n ptolemey_n the_o prince_n of_o geographer_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o ireland_n place_v four_o island_n monarina_n or_o as_o other_o copy_n do_v read_v monaida_n mona_n adros_n and_o lymnos_n the_o two_o latter_a be_v very_o well_o know_v unto_o we_o at_o this_o day_n for_o that_o indeed_o they_o do_v still_o retain_v those_o ancient_a name_n adros_n of_o our_o country_n man_n be_v call_v ynys_n ador_n that_o be_v as_o the_o word_n do_v signify_v the_o island_n of_o bird_n lymnos_n they_o now_o call_v enlli_n which_o the_o english_a man_n call_v bardesey_n that_o be_v as_o he_o will_v fain_o interpret_v it_o insula_fw-la bardorum_fw-la the_o bard_n island_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o our_o saxon_n do_v ever_o understand_v what_o the_o briton_n bardi_n mean_v yet_o of_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o learned_a m._n camden_n in_o his_o britannia_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n of_o the_o other_o two_o then_o the_o one_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v our_o mona_n the_o other_o polydore_v mona_n monaria_n be_v by_o ptolemey_n place_v much_o far_a northward_o than_o mona_n and_o mona_n he_o make_v to_o lie_v somewhat_o more_o easterly_a than_o monaria_n for_o this_o monaria_n i_o mean_v or_o monaoeda_n as_o ptolemeye_n copy_n vulgar_o have_v it_o lieth_z as_o he_o write_v from_o the_o canary_n eastward_o 17_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n but_o up_o so_o high_a into_o the_o north_n that_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizont_n 61_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n when_o as_o the_o other_o to_o wit_n mona_n lie_v from_o the_o canary_n but_o 15_o degree_n and_o from_o the_o north_n but_o 57_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n polydore_v mona_n lean_v both_o more_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o east_n than_o we_o do_v therefore_o it_o be_v ptolemeys_n monaria_n that_o he_o speak_v of_o not_o ptolemey_n mona_n and_o this_o our_o mona_n shall_v still_o retain_v that_o ancient_a name_n of_o mona_n which_o ptolemey_n give_v unto_o it_o in_o his_o time_n this_o we_o have_v collect_v out_o of_o foreign_a history_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o our_o own_o writer_n who_o i_o think_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o name_n of_o place_n in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o language_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v believe_v than_o a_o italian_a a_o mere_a stranger_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o beyond_o the_o sea_n far_o from_o this_o our_o country_n but_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v the_o better_o be_v understand_v some_o few_o line_n be_v here_o by_o the_o way_n to_o be_v insert_v all_o man_n do_v know_v and_o confess_v this_o to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o briton_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o english_a or_o saxon_n do_v possess_v this_o whole_a island_n until_o such_o time_n as_o be_v by_o they_o conquer_v and_o subdue_v they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o same_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o possession_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o western_a part_n only_o and_o they_o be_v thus_o seat_v be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n be_v they_o dwell_v as_o for_o example_n those_o which_o possess_v cambria_n be_v name_v cambri_n those_o which_o inhabit_v cornovia_n be_v know_v and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o cornovij_fw-la yet_o the_o english_a man_n do_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o name_n the_o french_a and_o italian_n welsh_a call_v they_o all_o general_o welshman_n add_v for_o difference_n sake_n the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o those_o history_n which_o yet_o be_v extant_a write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o those_o our_o brits_n be_v in_o they_o call_v walae_n and_o the_o cornovij_fw-la cornwalae_fw-la not_o as_o the_o unlearned_a do_v think_v cornugalliae_n neither_o can_v i_o with_o silence_n overpasse_v that_o shameless_a impudency_n of_o polydore_n who_o brag_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o find_v this_o out_o and_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o writing_n when_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o he_o steal_v this_o etymology_n and_o reason_n why_o this_o our_o country_n be_v call_v wales_n out_o of_o sylvester_n giraldus_n but_o that_o i_o may_v return_v unto_o that_o where_o i_o leave_v the_o welshman_n be_v thus_o coop_v up_o into_o a_o corner_n do_v notwithstanding_o retain_v the_o ancient_a british_a tongue_n so_o that_o the_o country_n city_n river_n land_n and_o people_n of_o britain_n be_v by_o the_o welshman_n call_v by_o those_o name_n whereby_o they_o be_v know_v and_o call_v at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o possess_v the_o whole_a for_o our_o country_n people_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v bear_v and_o bring_v up_o far_o within_o the_o land_n do_v not_o know_v what_o the_o name_n of_o a_o english_a man_n do_v mean_a but_o all_o the_o english_a they_o do_v general_o term_v saisson_n that_o be_v saxon_n for_o they_o have_v no_o x_o england_n they_o call_v by_o the_o ancient_a name_n lhoëger_n wales_n cambri_n cornwall_n corniw_n scotland_n alban_n ireland_n yuerdhon_n and_o indeed_o some_o old_a writer_n do_v write_v the_o name_n of_o this_o island_n not_o hibernia_n but_o juernia_n as_o m._n camden_n show_v at_o large_a in_o his_o britannia_n so_o also_o we_o do_v still_o call_v all_o the_o city_n of_o england_n by_o those_o name_n
theatrum_n orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la geographi_fw-la regii_fw-la the_o theatre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n set_v forth_o by_o that_o excellent_a geographer_n abraham_n ortelius_n london_n print_v by_o john_n norton_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n in_o hebrew_n greek_a and_o latin_a 1606._o honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr the_o sway_n by_o sea_n &_o land_n great_a james_n do_v bear_v his_o birth_n his_o blood_n these_o kingdom_n figure_n here_o but_o be_v his_o several_a virtue_n to_o be_v crown_v a_o world_n past_o thou_o ortelius_n must_v be_v find_v to_o the_o most_o high_a most_o mighty_a and_o most_o happy_a prince_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n john_n norton_n his_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o faithful_a servant_n consecrate_v these_o immortal_a labour_n of_o abraham_n or_o telius_n translate_v into_o english_a abrahami_n ortelii_n qvem_fw-la vrbs_fw-la vrbium_fw-la antverpia_n edidit_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la philippus_n geographum_n habvit_n monumentum_n hic_fw-la vides_fw-la brevis_fw-la terra_fw-la eum_fw-la capit_fw-la qvi_fw-fr ipse_fw-la orbem_fw-la terrarum_fw-la cepit_fw-la stilo_fw-it et_fw-fr tabulis_n illustravit_fw-la sed_fw-la mente_fw-la contempsit_fw-la qva_fw-la caelum_fw-la et_fw-la alta_fw-la suspexit_fw-la constans_n adversum_fw-la spes_fw-la aut_fw-la metus_n amicitiae_fw-la cvitor_n candore_fw-la fide_fw-la officiis_n qvietis_fw-la cultor_n sine_fw-la light_n uxore_fw-la prole_fw-la vitam_fw-la habvit_fw-la qvale_fw-mi alius_fw-la votum_fw-la vt_fw-la nunc_fw-la qvoqve_fw-la aeterna_fw-la ei_o qvies_n sit_v votis_n fave_v lector_fw-la obiit_fw-la four_o kal_n julii_fw-la anno_fw-la md._n xciix_fw-la vixit_fw-la ann._n lxxi_o menss_n ii_o dies._fw-la jixx_n colii_fw-la ex_fw-la sorore_fw-la nepotes_fw-la b.m._n poss_n contemno_fw-la et_fw-la ornoment_fw-it manv_n α_n χ_n Ï_n ω_n the_o life_n of_o abraham_n ortell_n cosmographer_n to_o philip_n the_o second_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n write_v first_o in_o latin_a by_o francis_n sweert_n of_o antwerp_n his_o familiar_a and_o love_a friend_n and_o now_o translate_v into_o english_a by_o w._n b_o as_o great_a a_o lover_n of_o his_o learning_n and_o virtue_n the_o stock_n of_o the_o ortel_n flourish_v not_o long_o since_o and_o live_v in_o good_a state_n and_o credit_n at_o auspurg_n in_o bayern_n augustam_fw-la vindelicorum_fw-la the_o latin_n call_v it_o from_o that_o family_n come_v william_n ortell_n who_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1460_o leave_v his_o native_a country_n and_o seat_v himself_o in_o antwerp_n at_o that_o time_n one_o of_o the_o famous_a mart-towne_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o do_v many_o notable_a thing_n worthy_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n among_o which_o that_o be_v most_o memorable_a that_o of_o his_o own_o proper_a cost_n and_o charge_n he_o cause_v a_o 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close_o down_o by_o their_o bare_a skin_n only_o sheathe_v in_o a_o straight_a piece_n of_o leather_n pomponius_n mela_n write_v that_o they_o use_v to_o adorn_v the_o pommel_n of_o their_o sword_n with_o the_o tooth_n of_o certain_a sea_n fish_n they_o know_v not_o what_o a_o brigandine_n jack_n or_o head-piece_n mean_v these_o piece_n of_o armour_n they_o never_o use_v account_v they_o to_o be_v but_o a_o trouble_n and_o hindrance_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v over_o any_o bog_n or_o fen_n for_o they_o use_v to_o swim_v run_v through_o or_o to_o wade_v up_o to_o the_o twist_n over_o those_o fen_n and_o marsh_n and_o many_o time_n be_v barelegged_n they_o spare_v neither_o thick_a nor_o thin_a yet_o afterward_o we_o learn_v out_o of_o dion_n by_o the_o oration_n of_o bunduica_n their_o queen_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o arm_v themselves_o for_o defence_n with_o helmet_n habergion_n and_o greau_n when_o they_o give_v the_o onset_n upon_o their_o enemy_n the_o same_o 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which_o he_o write_v of_o the_o face_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n call_v it_o ogugia_n but_o why_o we_o know_v not_o yet_o read_v he_o if_o you_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n you_o shall_v hear_v many_o a_o old_a wife_n tale_n the_o latter_a writer_n as_o s._n isidore_n and_o the_o reverend_a beda_n our_o countryman_n call_v it_o scotia_n of_o the_o scot_n which_o seat_v themselves_o in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o this_o i_o will_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 310._o from_o whence_o within_o a_o very_a few_o year_n after_o be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o pict_n they_o come_v into_o britain_n and_o indeed_o paulus_n orosius_n beda_n and_o egeinhardus_fw-la author_n of_o good_a credit_n write_v that_o it_o be_v inhabit_v of_o the_o scot_n it_o be_v in_o length_n from_o south_n to_o north_n 400._o mile_n in_o breadth_n scarce_o 200._o the_o soil_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o tacitus_n affirm_v be_v not_o much_o unlike_o that_o of_o england_n it_o 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and_o wholesome_a that_o their_o herd_n and_o cattle_n do_v fill_v themselves_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o pasture_n they_o will_v feed_v while_o they_o burst_v solinus_n affirm_v the_o same_o but_o in_o few_o word_n furthermore_o he_o call_v it_o a_o inhuman_a and_o uncivil_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rude_a and_o harsh_a manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o pomponius_n mela_n term_v the_o people_n a_o disorder_a and_o unmannerly_a nation_n less_o acquaint_v with_o any_o sort_n of_o virtue_n than_o any_o other_o people_n whatsoever_o yet_o they_o may_v in_o some_o respect_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lover_n of_o virtue_n in_o regard_n that_o they_o be_v very_o religious_a and_o devout_a strabo_n say_v that_o they_o be_v more_o rustical_a and_o uncivil_a than_o the_o
the_o main_a land_n be_v a_o monastery_n erect_v by_o s_n columba_n where_o diverse_a of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n have_v be_v bury_v beside_o the_o bishop_n sea_n in_o the_o village_n sodore_v in_o who_o diocese_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v and_o therefore_o be_v of_o it_o call_v insulae_n sodorenses_n all_o the_o other_o beside_o hirth_n be_v of_o small_a account_n as_o be_v nothing_o but_o rock_n stone_n and_o craggy_a knoll_n in_o which_o you_o shall_v scarce_o all_o the_o year_n long_o find_v a_o green_a turf_n the_o people_n in_o manner_n behaviour_n apparel_n and_o language_n do_v much_o resemble_v the_o irish_a as_o those_o in_o the_o orkney_n do_v the_o goth_n and_o norweyans_n more_o of_o these_o see_v in_o solinus_n and_o m._n camden_n britannia_n to_o who_o we_o be_v behold_v for_o this_o the_o i_o will_v of_o man_n which_o pliny_n call_v monabia_n orosius_n and_o bede_n menavia_n gildas_n eubonia_fw-la the_o welsh_a menaw_n they_o themselves_o maning_n caesar_n mona_n and_o ptolemey_n monoëda_n that_o be_v as_o who_o say_v moneitha_a mon_n the_o father_n for_o a_o distinction_n from_o anglesey_n which_o be_v also_o call_v mon_n be_v midway_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o caesar_n in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o gyraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la report_n yet_o the_o people_n be_v more_o like_a in_o language_n and_o manner_n unto_o the_o irish_a man_n it_o be_v in_o length_n from_o south_n to_o north_n about_o 30._o mile_n in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v 15._o &_o in_o other_o place_n where_o it_o be_v narrow_a not_o above_o 7_o or_o 8_o mile_n over_o in_o bedaes_n time_n it_o have_v but_o 300._o family_n or_o household_n now_o it_o contain_v 17._o parish_n very_o populous_a and_o well_o inhabit_v it_o bear_v great_a plenty_n of_o hemp_n and_o flax._n the_o soil_n be_v reasonable_o fertile_a either_o for_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o therefore_o it_o yearly_o yield_v both_o great_a plenty_n of_o barley_n wheat_n and_o rye_n but_o especial_o of_o oat_n whereof_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v their_o bread_n &_o maintain_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n and_o many_o flock_n of_o sheep_n but_o that_o aswell_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o be_v less_o than_o they_o be_v in_o england_n they_o burn_v seacole_n instead_o of_o wood_n of_o which_o they_o have_v none_o or_o very_o little_a upon_o the_o south_n coast_n lie_v a_o small_a isle_n which_o they_o call_v the_o calf_n of_o man_n where_o there_o be_v such_o wonderful_a plenty_n of_o sea_n fowl_n which_o they_o call_v puffin_n and_o of_o those_o goose_n which_o we_o call_v bernacle_n clake_n or_o soland_n goose_n as_o none_o which_o have_v not_o see_v they_o will_v easy_o believe_v thus_o far_o of_o mona_n describe_v by_o caesar_n the_o other_o mona_n which_o tacitus_n and_o dion_n do_v speak_v of_o now_o follow_v that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v anglesey_n that_o be_v the_o english_a i_o will_v tacitus_n and_o dion_n as_o i_o say_v call_v mona_n the_o welshman_n mon_n tirmon_a &_o inis_fw-la dowyl_n that_o be_v the_o dark_a isle_n the_o saxon_n monege_v a_o very_a goodly_a and_o fruitful_a island_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o paullinus_n suetonius_n and_o julius_n agricola_n about_o 46._o year_n after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v very_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n as_o dion_n say_v yea_o so_o near_o that_o from_o the_o main_a by_o swim_v over_o the_o flatte_n and_o shallow_a place_n julius_n agricola_n as_o tacitus_n witness_v convey_v in_o thither_o both_o horseman_n and_o footman_n to_o suppress_v certain_a rebel_n that_o hold_v it_o against_o the_o roman_n but_o of_o this_o island_n there_o be_v in_o this_o our_o theatre_n a_o whole_a discourse_n write_v by_o humphrey_n lloyd_n a_o learned_a gentleman_n &_o painful_a student_n in_o the_o british_a story_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n also_o lie_v berdsey_n that_o be_v the_o bird_n isle_n call_v of_o the_o britan_n enhly_a of_o ptolemey_n edry_n of_o pliny_n andros_n or_o adros_n a_o plain_a and_o champion_n country_n towards_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o east_n very_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a then_o gresholme_n and_o stocholme_n excellent_a pastorage_n pass_v pleasant_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sweet_a smell_n of_o the_o wild_a time_n which_o here_o grow_v every_o where_n in_o great_a abundance_n next_o to_o these_o be_v scalmey_n as_o fertile_a as_o any_o call_v of_o pliny_n silimnus_n of_o ptolemey_n limi_fw-la and_o in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o martyr_n lemeneia_n insula_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n lie_v the_o holmes_n or_o as_o the_o welshman_n call_v they_o the_o echni_n flatholme_n and_o steepholme_n reoric_n in_o welch_n item_n barrey_n siley_n caldey_n and_o londey_n small_a land_n but_o very_o fertile_a thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n off_o west_n from_o the_o cape_n of_o cornwall_n which_o the_o seaman_n common_o call_v the_o land_n end_n lie_v the_o sorling_n or_o the_o silly_a call_v by_o sulpitius_n severus_n sillinae_fw-la of_o antonine_n sigdeles_fw-la of_o solinus_n silurae_n or_o silurum_fw-la insulae_fw-la the_o grecian_n of_o their_o situation_n name_v they_o hesperide_n the_o west_n isle_n and_o of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n of_o tin_n cassiteros_n which_o they_o yield_v cassiterides_n the_o stannery_n but_o why_o festus_n auianus_fw-la shall_v name_v they_o ostrimnides_n i_o know_v not_o they_o be_v in_o all_o 145._o beside_o craggy_a rock_n which_o be_v innumerable_a there_o be_v 10._o of_o they_o which_o also_o eustathius_n do_v testify_v s._n mary_n annoth_n agnes_n samson_n silly_n brefer_v rusco_n or_o triscraw_n s._n helen_n s._n martin_n and_o arthur_n with_o minanwitham_n and_o minuisisand_n great_a and_o more_o famous_a than_o the_o rest_n for_o their_o rich_a vein_n of_o tin_n from_o whence_o as_o pliny_n say_v medacritus_fw-la first_fw-mi bring_v lead_v or_o 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sound_a for_o mercury_n have_v give_v he_o the_o herb_n moly_n so_o the_o god_n do_v call_v it_o a_o sure_a antidote_n and_o preservative_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o enchantment_n and_o witchcraft_n and_o sail_v along_o by_o the_o sirenum_fw-la insulae_fw-la the_o mirmaides_n island_n he_o build_v the_o temple_n of_o minerva_n fanum_n minerva_fw-la in_o campania_n in_o italy_n as_o strabo_n write_v in_o this_o tract_n also_o videlicet_fw-la in_o lucania_n as_o the_o same_o author_n record_v he_o build_v the_o chapel_n of_o draco_n sacellum_fw-la draconis_fw-la one_o of_o his_o companion_n in_o that_o his_o voyage_n from_o thence_o he_o sail_v along_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o at_o length_n land_v at_o tenessa_n a_o city_n of_o the_o bruttij_fw-la isacius_n upon_o lycophronfals_o write_v that_o he_o land_v in_o england_n mistake_v britannos_fw-la for_o bruttios_n or_o ignorant_o confound_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o pausanias_n have_v 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scutulae_fw-la vel_fw-la bipennt_n to_o aswingle_v stock_n or_o sword_n which_o those_o use_n that_o dress_v hemp_n and_o flax_n to_o a_o twall_n or_o twibill_n a_o kind_n of_o warlike_a weapon_n use_v in_o fight_n by_o some_o nation_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v triangular_a triquetra_fw-la they_o call_v it_o but_o of_o unequal_a side_n which_o kind_n of_o figure_n the_o geometer_n call_v scalenum_n may_v also_o aswell_o as_o sicilia_n be_v name_v trinacria_n for_o from_o taruisium_n a_o promontory_n or_o forland_n in_o scotland_n now_o call_v howburne_n all_o along_o by_o the_o shore_n unto_o belerium_n the_o cape_n of_o cornwall_n be_v 812._o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o cantium_n the_o forland_n of_o kent_n be_v 320_o mile_n from_o thence_o again_o to_o howburne_n in_o scotland_n 704_o mile_n so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n the_o circuit_n and_o compass_n of_o britain_n be_v 1836_o mile_n which_o come_v much_o short_a of_o that_o account_n of_o pliny_n and_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o that_o of_o caesar_n e_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n which_o seat_v themselves_o here_o present_o after_o the_o universal_a flood_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n come_v hither_o from_o france_n as_o necrenesse_n of_o place_n likeness_n of_o manner_n government_n custom_n name_n and_o language_n do_v very_o demonstrative_o prove_v and_o evince_v and_o thereupon_o they_o call_v themselves_o cumro_n as_o come_v from_o gomer_n the_o son_n of_o japheth_n call_v of_o historiographer_n cimber_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v the_o celiae_n or_o ancient_a gaul_n the_o inhabitant_n not_o only_o of_o france_n but_o general_o of_o all_o the_o northwest_o part_n of_o europe_n what_o think_v you_o then_o of_o that_o story_n of_o brute_n mary_n i_o think_v he_o want_v honesty_n that_o first_o invent_v that_o fable_n and_o he_o wit_n that_o believe_v it_o but_o john_n wheathamsted_n sometime_o abbot_n of_o s._n alban_n a_o grave_a learned_a man_n and_o of_o good_a
judgement_n shall_v speak_v for_o i_o totus_fw-la iste_fw-la processus_fw-la say_v he_o de_fw-fr bruto_fw-la poëticus_fw-la est_fw-la potius_fw-la quà m_fw-la historicus_fw-la opinatiwsque_fw-la magis_fw-la propter_fw-la varias_fw-la causas_fw-la quà m_fw-la realis_fw-la that_o whole_a discourse_n of_o brute_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v as_o a_o fable_n and_o fiction_n forge_v in_o poet_n brain_n than_o a_o true_a history_n do_v and_o act_v indeed_o item_n william_n of_o newbury_n a_o writer_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o one_o that_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o this_o geffrey_n of_o munmouth_n do_v accuse_v he_o to_o his_o face_n of_o forgery_n and_o challenge_v he_o for_o the_o same_o for_o first_o for_o the_o name_n of_o briton_n they_o never_o know_v what_o it_o mean_v until_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v then_o as_o harsh_a unto_o these_o cumbri_n as_o the_o name_n of_o welshman_n be_v to_o they_o at_o this_o day_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a 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menavia_n and_o of_o other_o mania_n here_o i_o will_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o this_o one_o testimony_n which_o may_v indeed_o worthy_o stand_v for_o many_o to_o wit_n this_o of_o sylvester_n girald_n a_o welsh_a man_n bear_v a_o man_n no_o less_o famous_a for_o his_o learning_n than_o for_o his_o noble_a birth_n for_o he_o be_v descend_v from_o that_o noble_a house_n of_o the_o girald_n to_o who_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v behold_v for_o that_o foot_n which_o they_o have_v in_o ireland_n moreover_o he_o be_v great_o belove_v of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n and_o be_v afterward_o secretary_n to_o king_n john_n his_o son_n who_o name_n also_o be_v very_o famous_a and_o oft_o mention_v in_o the_o pope_n decretal_n for_o be_v but_o bishop_n of_o s._n david_n in_o wales_n he_o do_v notwithstanding_o contend_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n about_o the_o prerogative_n &_o primacy_n this_o man_n i_o say_v in_o that_o his_o book_n which_o 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the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o they_o be_v sever_v from_o england_n be_v but_o very_o narrow_a and_o not_o far_o over_o the_o three_o which_o be_v call_v man_n lie_v mid_a way_n between_o ulster_n a_o province_n of_o ireland_n and_o gallawey_n of_o scotland_n mona_n or_o mon_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o wheat_n which_o it_o yield_v ordinary_o every_o year_n be_v call_v the_o mother_n of_o wales_n and_o a_o little_a beneath_o the_o same_o author_n write_v thus_o of_o this_o island_n hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o arundel_n with_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n enter_v this_o island_n by_o force_n do_v shut_v dog_n all_o night_n in_o the_o church_n of_o fefridanke_n which_o the_o next_o morning_n be_v find_v all_o stark_a mad_a and_o he_o himself_o afterward_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o orkeney_n isle_n come_v thither_o as_o pirate_n and_o sea-robber_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o magnus_n their_o captain_n be_v shoot_v 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the_o son_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o the_o uncle_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o beget_v of_o the_o honourable_a lady_n nesta_n daughter_n of_o reese_n theodore_n son_n bear_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o south-wales_n i_o mean_v in_o the_o skirt_n of_o it_o next_o unto_o demetia_n or_o west-wales_n and_o the_o brother_n of_o steven_n brother_n to_o henry_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n but_o not_o by_o the_o father_n a_o man_n that_o first_o in_o our_o day_n break_v the_o way_n for_o other_o not_o long_o after_o this_o attempt_v the_o entrance_n and_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n who_o worthy_a commendation_n the_o prophicall_a history_n do_v at_o large_a set_v forth_o henry_n be_v too_o venturous_a and_o not_o be_v second_v in_o time_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o a_o pike_n but_o robert_n distrust_v his_o own_o strength_n and_o doubt_v whether_o he_o shall_v be_v aid_v or_o not_o flee_v and_o be_v sore_o wound_v very_o hardly_o recover_v the_o ship_n this_o island_n outward_o appear_v as_o if_o it_o be_v barren_a rough_a and_o overgrowen_v like_v as_o the_o country_n of_o pebidion_n near_o menavia_n do_v although_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o fertile_a of_o many_o thing_n in_o diverse_a place_n thus_o far_o gyraldus_n what_o can_v ever_o be_v speak_v or_o write_v more_o plain_o and_o evident_o of_o the_o name_n situation_n fertility_n and_o valorous_a inhabitant_n of_o mona_n as_o also_o of_o the_o situation_n and_o name_n of_o that_o other_o island_n the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o description_n of_o wales_n thus_o speak_v of_o this_o island_n in_o north-wales_n between_o mona_n and_o snowdon_n hill_n be_v bangor_n the_o bishop_n sea_n as_o of_o all_o wales_n the_o south_n part_n about_o cardigan_n shire_n cereticam_fw-la regionem_fw-la he_o call_v it_o but_o especial_o every_o where_n in_o west-wales_n demetia_n
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be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v transport_v any_o whither_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o norway_n be_v very_o calm_a and_o temperate_a the_o sea_n freeze_v not_o the_o snow_n continue_v not_o long_a svecia_n sweden_n or_o swedland_n be_v a_o kingdom_n rich_a of_o silver_n copper_n lead_z iron_z corn_n and_o cattle_n wonderful_a plenty_n of_o fish_n be_v here_o take_v both_o in_o river_n lake_n and_o creek_n aswell_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n here_o be_v many_o dear_a and_o wild_a beast_n stockholme_n be_v the_o king_n seat_n and_o chief_a mart_n town_n a_o city_n fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n by_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o ingenious_a architect_n it_o stand_v in_o a_o fen_n like_o venice_n and_o thereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n for_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o water_n it_o be_v build_v upon_o pile_n which_o they_o call_v stock_n gothia_n gotland_n that_o be_v the_o good_a land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n in_o it_o be_v the_o port_n and_o mart_n town_n calmar_n a_o great_a city_n here_o be_v a_o goodly_a castle_n which_o for_o ingenious_a architecture_n or_o fortification_n as_o also_o for_o large_a compass_n and_o content_n be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o milan_n in_o italy_n near_o tinguallen_v be_v mine_n of_o excellent_a iron_n thus_o far_o ziegler_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o british_a isle_n we_o will_v speak_v nothing_o in_o this_o place_n see_v that_o we_o entreat_v of_o they_o at_o their_o proper_a and_o several_a map_n in_o this_o chart_n there_o be_v describe_v also_o island_n a_o island_n as_o famous_a as_o any_o other_o for_o strange_a miracle_n and_o secret_a work_n of_o nature_n item_n groenland_n another_o island_n know_v to_o very_a few_o here_o also_o be_v friesland_n a_o three_o island_n altogether_o unknowen_a to_o ancient_a writer_n neither_o be_v it_o once_o name_v of_o the_o latter_a geographer_n or_o hydrographer_n only_a nicolao_n zeno_n a_o venetian_a who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1380._o toss_v with_o many_o continual_a bitter_a storm_n in_o this_o sea_n at_o last_o rent_n and_o weather-beaten_a arrive_v in_o this_o i_o will_v this_o author_n affirm_v that_o this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o to_o be_v great_a than_o ireland_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o i_o will_v itself_o last_o that_o the_o country_n people_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v by_o fish_v for_o in_o the_o haven_n of_o this_o town_n they_o catch_v such_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n that_o from_o thence_o they_o lade_v whole_a ship_n and_o transport_v they_o into_o other_o island_n near_o adjoin_v the_o sea_n next_o to_o this_o island_n upon_o the_o west_n full_a of_o shelf_n and_o rock_n as_o he_o write_v be_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v mare_n icarium_n icarus_n sea_n and_o a_o island_n in_o it_o he_o say_v be_v name_v icaria_n of_o groenland_n he_o write_v that_o the_o winter_n here_o be_v 9_o month_n long_o and_o all_o that_o time_n it_o never_o rain_v nor_o the_o snow_n which_o fall_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n ever_o dissolve_v until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o same_o but_o that_o be_v most_o wonderful_a which_o he_o tell_v of_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n predicant_o dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o s._n thomas_n in_o this_o island_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o it_o a_o mountain_n which_o like_v unto_o aetna_n in_o sicilia_n do_v at_o certain_a season_n burn_v and_o cast_v out_o huge_a flake_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o fountain_n of_o hot_a or_o scald_a water_n wherewith_o not_o only_o all_o the_o chamber_n of_o this_o monastery_n be_v warm_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o stone_n and_o hothouse_n but_o also_o all_o kind_n of_o meat_n and_o bread_n be_v sodden_a and_o dress_v and_o with_o no_o other_o fire_n all_o the_o monastery_n be_v build_v of_o a_o kind_n of_o hollow_a light_a stone_n which_o the_o flame_n of_o that_o burn_a mountain_n do_v cast_v forth_o for_o these_o burn_a stone_n be_v by_o nature_n somewhat_o fat_a and_o oily_a be_v solid_a and_o firm_a but_o be_v quench_v with_o this_o water_n they_o become_v dry_a full_a of_o hole_n and_o light_n and_o the_o water_n wherewith_o they_o be_v quench_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o clammy_a kind_n of_o stuff_n like_o bitumen_n wherewith_o these_o stone_n be_v lay_v in_o steed_n of_o mortar_n when_o they_o be_v to_o use_v they_o in_o building_n and_o thus_o they_o make_v a_o sure_a work_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o all_o weather_n their_o orchyeard_n also_o and_o garden_n water_v with_o this_o water_n be_v always_o green_a and_o do_v flourish_v almost_o all_o the_o year_n long_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o flower_n kind_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n this_o priory_n stand_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n and_o have_v a_o reasonable_a capacious_a and_o large_a haven_n into_o which_o the_o forename_a fountain_n empty_v his_o water_n do_v make_v it_o so_o warm_a that_o it_o never_o freeze_v in_o the_o hard_a and_o egere_a froa_v that_o ever_o be_v know_v whereupon_o here_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o fish_n which_o do_v flock_n hither_o from_o more_o cold_a place_n that_o not_o only_o these_o monk_n but_o also_o the_o neighbour_n round_o about_o be_v furnish_v from_o hence_o with_o provision_n of_o victual_n these_o thing_n among_o many_o other_o zenus_fw-la have_v write_v of_o these_o land_n who_o be_v make_v by_o zichimnus_n king_n of_o certain_a land_n here_o about_o high_a admiral_n of_o his_o navy_n discover_v all_o these_o northern_a coast_n the_o isle_n friesland_n now_o again_o in_o these_o our_o day_n be_v descry_v by_o the_o englishman_n and_o be_v by_o they_o call_v by_o a_o new_a name_n west_n
england_n in_o old_a writer_n there_o be_v but_o few_o record_v leave_v of_o these_o land_n among_o the_o new_a writer_n olaus_n magnus_n gothus_n episcopus_fw-la vpsaliensis_fw-la albertus_n crantzius_n saxo_n grammaticus_n jacobus_n zieglerus_fw-la sigismundus_n ab_fw-la herberstein_n in_o his_o commentary_n of_o moscovia_n have_v describe_v these_o country_n and_o nicolas_n wimman_n have_v set_v forth_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n see_v also_o a_o little_a discourse_n of_o antony_n and_o nicolas_n zenis_n two_o brethren_n of_o the_o island_n situate_v under_o the_o north_n pole_n together_o with_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o peter_n quirinus_n write_v by_o himself_o and_o christopher_n fioravante_n as_o also_o by_o nicholas_n mighel_n in_o the_o italian_a tongue_n there_o be_v also_o a_o discourse_n of_o these_o northern_a part_n write_v by_o sebastian_n cabato_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1557._o first_o sail_v into_o these_o quarter_n but_o above_o all_o the_o history_n of_o saxony_n late_o write_v and_o set_v out_o by_o david_n chytraeus_n be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v septentrionalium_fw-la regionum_fw-la descrip_n island_n i_o do_v find_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n late_o set_v forth_o and_o imprint_v under_o the_o name_n of_o m._n adam_n that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o island_n come_v unto_o adelbert_n bishop_n of_o breme_n earnest_o entreat_v he_o to_o appoint_v they_o some_o learned_a divine_n that_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o plant_n christianity_n among_o they_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v any_o mention_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o any_o other_o more_o ancient_a writer_n than_o he_o although_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o sigebertus_n gemblacensis_fw-la have_v leave_v record_n that_o great_a king_n arthur_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 470._o subdue_v this_o island_n and_o reduce_v the_o people_n to_o his_o obedience_n this_o i_o take_v as_o a_o fable_n not_o for_o any_o true_a history_n for_o i_o do_v certain_o know_v that_o this_o be_v never_o write_v by_o sigebert_n but_o shuffle_v in_o as_o many_o thing_n else_o by_o some_o other_o for_o a_o very_a fair_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o my_o own_o as_o also_o another_o in_o parchment_n of_o my_o friend_n have_v it_o not_o now_o this_o adelbert_n die_v about_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n incarnation_n 1070._o and_o that_o the_o name_n thule_n oft_o speak_v of_o almost_o by_o all_o old_a writer_n aswell_o poet_n and_o historian_n as_o geographer_n do_v not_o pertain_v to_o this_o island_n against_o the_o opinion_n well_o near_o of_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o our_o time_n but_o rather_o to_o scone_n scandia_n peninsula_n a_o neck-land_n of_o norway_n not_o only_o the_o authority_n of_o procopius_n a_o grave_a discreet_a writer_n but_o also_o for_o that_o a_o note_n and_o remnant_n of_o that_o name_n yet_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n in_o scone_n in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o orkeney_n isle_n namely_o in_o a_o place_n of_o norway_n where_o the_o famous_a mart_n of_o the_o belgae_n be_v seat_v for_o among_o other_o shire_n of_o norway_n there_o be_v one_o in_o this_o place_n which_o they_o call_v tilemercke_n that_o be_v the_o march_z or_o shire_n of_o tule_z the_o island_n also_o over_o against_o this_o shore_n which_o vulgar_o be_v call_v hetland_n and_o shetland_n the_o seaman_n as_o i_o understand_v out_o of_o england_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o my_o good_a friend_n m._n w._n camden_n be_v common_o call_v thylinsel_n whereby_o i_o conceive_v that_o this_o island_n take_v the_o name_n from_o the_o next_o main_a land_n opposite_a unto_o it_o for_o what_o else_o be_v thilensel_n but_o the_o island_n of_o thile_n this_o opinion_n of_o i_o not_o only_a pomponius_n mela_n do_v confirm_v who_o write_v that_o thule_n be_v opposite_a to_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o belgae_n he_o direct_o say_v i_o say_v belgarum_n not_o britannorum_fw-la littori_fw-la the_o 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that_o island_n be_v not_o the_o same_o that_o thule_n be_v and_o the_o same_o procopius_n say_v that_o it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o thirteen_o nation_n and_o govern_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o to_o be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o britain_n so_o that_o not_o without_o good_a cause_n stephanus_n give_v it_o the_o title_n of_o great_a when_o as_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o island_n be_v much_o less_o than_o britain_n the_o same_o procopius_n affirm_v that_o the_o scritifinni_n a_o kind_n of_o people_n so_o call_v do_v inhabit_v thule_n these_o diaconus_fw-la name_v strictofinni_n and_o speak_v of_o they_o in_o scandia_n as_o do_v also_o jornandes_n in_o his_o history_n notwithstanding_o he_o corrupt_o call_v they_o that_o i_o may_v note_v this_o by_o the_o way_n crefennae_fw-la thus_o gentle_a reader_n thou_o see_v that_o which_o they_o name_v scandia_n or_o scone_n he_o call_v thule_n and_o the_o same_o nation_n to_o this_o day_n dwell_v in_o the_o same_o scandia_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n no_o whit_n corrupt_v for_o they_o be_v call_v vulgar_o scrickefinner_n and_o do_v dwell_v in_o scandia_n and_o not_o in_o island_n in_o thule_n procopius_n write_v that_o there_o be_v huge_a great_a wood_n in_o island_n all_o the_o world_n know_v there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o and_o so_o isacius_n upon_o lycophron_n say_v true_o when_o he_o affirm_v that_o thule_n be_v upon_o the_o east_n of_o britain_n not_o upon_o the_o north_n as_o be_v island_n contrary_n to_o that_o which_o strabo_n a_o most_o worthy_a and_o diligent_a geographer_n by_o the_o sound_a judgement_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a say_v of_o it_o but_o from_o the_o relation_n as_o there_o he_o add_v of_o pytheas_n a_o shameful_a lie_a historiographer_n who_o custom_n be_v as_o diodorus_n siculus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n write_v to_o counterfeit_a and_o coin_n fable_v so_o cunning_o that_o ordinary_o they_o pass_v for_o true_a story_n this_o be_v that_o thule_n which_o tacitus_n report_v when_o the_o 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who_o first_o find_v it_o or_o inhabit_v the_o same_o this_o island_n be_v a_o hundred_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n as_o common_o most_o writer_n do_v hold_v but_o the_o foresay_a arngrimus_fw-la jonas_n say_v it_o be_v 144._o mile_n long_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v not_o inhabit_v but_o be_v waist_n and_o mountainous_a especial_o towards_o the_o north_n part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o bitter_a blast_n of_o the_o south_n wind_n which_o will_v not_o suffer_v as_o olaus_n teach_v so_o much_o as_o any_o low_a shrub_n or_o bush_n once_o to_o put_v forth_o his_o head_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1260._o at_o what_o time_n first_o the_o same_o arngrime_n affirm_v they_o do_v their_o homage_n to_o that_o crown_n whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n every_o year_n send_v thither_o a_o lieutenant_n by_o