pay more insensibly and directly as Customs Excise Chimny-Money c. viz. in London they pay 2 d. per Mensem per Pound Rent that is 2 s. per Annum or 1 10 of the whole It must come to pass that the same Persons must from Christmas 1665. pay â…“ of their whole Estates if the War with Holland continue two years longerâ— at the value of the last years Expence provided His Majesty be kept out of Debt 2. But if the Publick Charge were laid proportionably no Man need pay above 1 10 of his whole Effects even in case the Tax should rise to 250 000 l. per Mensem which God forbid 3. That is to say according to the present ways some pay four times as much more as they ought or needed which disproportion is the true and proper Grievance of Taxes and which must be felt when the Tax happens to be great and extraordinary Whereas by meer Method and Proportion the same may be corrected as aforesaid and withal just Accounts might be kept of the People with the respective Increases and Decreases of them their Wealth and Foreign Trade CHAP. I. Containing several Computations of the Wealth of the Kingdom 1. THERE are of Men Women and Children in England and Wales about six Millions whose Expence at 6 l. 13 s. 4 d. per Annum or near 4½ d. per Diem for Food Housing Cloaths and all other necessaries amount to 40 Millions per Annum 2. There are in England and Wales of Acres of Land worth 6 l. 1 s. 8 d. per Acre and 18 years purchase 24 Millions that is which yields 8 Millions per Annum Rent and which are worth 144 Millions to be sold. 3. There be 28000 Houses within the Liberties of the City of London worth 15 l. per Annum and twelve years purchase viz. which yield 420,000 l. per Annum and are worth 5,040000 l. There are without the Liberties but within the Bills of â—ortality ¼ more in number perhaps not of greater value viz. 5,040000 l. 4. There is in all England and VVales near ten times as many Chimneys as within the Liberties of London as appears by the Returns Whereof those within the Bills are â…“ of the whole 5. 'T is probable that the Housing of all the Cities and Market-Towns are double in number to those of all London though of no more worth 6. 'T is also probable that the Housing without the Cities and Towns are more in number than those within London excepted but of no more value 7. So as the Housing of England may be estimated worth 30 millions and that if their values be estimated by Chimneys those of London are worth 12 d. per Chimney those in the Suburbs 10 d. other Cities and Market-Towns 6 d. and those without both about 4 d. 8. The Shipping of England c. is about 500 000 Tuns which at 6 d. per Tun including their Ordnance Apparel c. is worth three millions 9. The Stock of Cattel on the aforementioned 24 millions of Land and the Waste thereunto belonging is worth ¼ of the said Land viz. 36 millions comprehending Horses Oxen Sheep Swine Deer Fisheries Parks and Warrens 10. The Coined Gold and Silver of the Kingdom is scarce worth six millions 11. The Wares Merchandizes and Utensils of Plate and Furnitures may be estimated at 31 millions to make the Ships and Money 40. and the whole 250 millions 12. The most uncertain part of this Estimate seems to be rating personal Estates at above 30 Millions which I make probable thus 1 First it is not unlikely that what is contained in all the Shops Warehouses Cellars Barns and Graineries together with Household Furniture Cloaths Ornaments c. should be less worth than Housing it self that contains them 2 If the value of all the Cattel viz. 36 millions were added to the 31 personal Estates making 67 together both will not make up 1¾ years Provision for the whole Nation whose Expence we estimated at 40 millions per annum and poorer than so we hope it is not 3. I find by the particular estimate of the values of all the Plate Lead Iron Copper and Tin and of all the Timber Planks and Woods and of all Silks Linnen and Callicoes of all Clothes Stuffs and Leathers of all Grains and Salts and of all Wines Oyles and other Liquids of all Grocery and Spicery and Drugs of Jewels and Hangings Beds and other Ornaments too troublesome to particularize that this general Account may stand 4. The City of London being commonly esteemed and rated at the 15 th part of the whole which we reckon at 250 Millions that is 16 â…” I think the sum may be well made up by reckoning 5 â…™ Millions for the Housing as aforesaid and 1 ½ for the Shipping half the Shipping of the Nation belonging to London and about the double of the value of the Housing for what is contained in them The which upon considering many several Houses I find not unreasonable Lastly supposing that in the Houses within the Liberties of London worth 5 Millions there be 10 Millions worth of Goods I conceive that to allow about as much more viz. 21 Millions to all the rest of the Houses in the Kingdom which are ten times as many as aforesaid will not overcharge them 13. Now if the Land worth 144 Millions yield 8 Millions per annum the other Estate converted into the like Species must yield 5 8 9 more but because Money and other personal Estates yield more per annum than Land that is doubles it self under 17 years purchase at 6 l. per centum then instead of 5 8 9 suppose it to yield 7 making the whole Annual Proceed 15. CHAP. II. Of the Value of the PEOPLE NOW if the Annual proceed of the Stock or Wealth of the Nation yields but 15 millions and the expence be 40. Then the labour of the People must furnish the other 25 which may be done if but half of them viz. 3 millions earned but 8 l. 6 s. 8 d. per annum which is done at 7 d. per diem abating the 52 Sundays and half as many other days for accidents as Holy days sickness recreations c. 2. If â…™ of these 3 millions earned but 2 d. per diem another â…™ 4 d. another â…™ 8 d. per diem another 10 d. and another 12 d. The medium will be this 7 d. per diem 3. Whereas the Stock of the Kingdom yielding but 15 Millions of proceed is worth 250 Millions then the People who yield 25 are worth 416 â…” Millions For although the Individiums of Mankind be reckoned at about 8 years purchase the Species of them is worth as many as Land being in its nature as perpetual for ought we know 4. If 6 Millions of People be worth 417 millions of pounds Sterling then each head is worth 69 l. or each of the 3 millions of Workers is worth 138 l. which is 7 years purchase at about 12 d. per
30 in England Wherefore 25,000 l. would afford 150 l. per Ann. of each of 150 Ministers and 2500 l. to the Bishop The value of the Church Lands and appropriate Tythes is per Ann. above the Kings Rent due out of them If 100 Ministers can serve all Ireland they must have Precincts of neer 13 14 Miles square and consequently they must be Itinerants and as Lecturers on week-days and other honest ordained Men must be Priests If 150 nay if 250 Ministers would serve all Ireland then 10 per Ann. will supply their Mortality And consequently a Nursery of 100 will send forth 10 yearly of 10 years standing Perhaps the Nursery need not be above half so large Concerning the Late Rebellion THE number of the People being now Anno 1672 about 1100,000 and Anno 1652. about 850 M. because I conceive that 80 M. of them have in 20 years encreased by Generation 70 M. by return of banished and expelled English as also by the access of new ones 80 M. of New Scots and 20 M. of returned Irish being all 250 M. Now if it could be known what number of people were in Ireland Ann. 1641. then the difference between the said number and 850 adding unto it the encrease by Generation in 11 years will shew the destruction of people made by the Wars viz. by the Sword Plague and Famine occasioned thereby I find by comparing superfluous and spare Oxen Sheep Butter and Beef that there was exported above ⅓ more Ann. 1664. than in 1641. which shews there were ⅓ more of people viz. 1466,000 Out of which Sum take what were left Ann. 1652. there will remain 616,000 destroyed by the Rebellion Whereas the present proportion of the British is as 3 to 11 But before the Wars the proportion was less viz. as 2 to 11. and then it follows that the number of British slain in 11 years was 112 thousand Souls of which I guess ⅔ to have perished by War Plague and Famine So as it follows that 37,000 were massacred in the first year of Tumults So as those who think 154,000 were so destroyed ought to review the grounds of their Opinion It follows also that about 504 M. of the Irish perished and were wasted by the Sword Plague Famine Hardship and Banishment between the 23 of October 1641. and the same day 1652. Wherefore those who say That not ⅙ of them remained at the end of the Wars must also review their opinions there being by this Computation near ⅔ of them which Opinion I also submit There were transported of them into Spain Flanders France 34,000 Soldiers and of Boys Women Priests c. no less than 6000 more where not half are returned 40,000 If Ireland had continued in peace for the said 11 years then the 1466 M. had increased by Generation in that time to 73 M. more making in all 1539 which were by the said Wars brought Anno 1652 to 850 viz. 689 M. for whose Blood some body should answer both to God and the King M. 689 Anno 1650. there were before the great Plague above one Million of People viz. 2½ more than in London Anno 1665. But in that year there died in London by account 97,000 people but really were 110 M. Wherefore if the Plague was no hotter in Ireland than in England there must have died in Ireland 275 M. But 1300 dying in a Week in Dublin the Plague of London was but ⅔ as hot Wherefore there died in Ireland M. 450 So as substracting 412 M. 500 dying of the Plague and 37 Massacred English it follows that 167 M. died in 11 years by the Sword and Famine and other Hardships Which I think not incredible for supposing ½ the Number viz. 87 M. died in 11 years of Famine and Cold Transportation to Spain and Barbadoes c. it is not hard to believe that the other 87 M. perished by the Sword when the British had Armies of near 40 M. Men and the Irish of near double sometimes on Foot Ann. 1653. Debentures were freely and openly sold for 4 s. and 5 s. per l. And 20 s. of Debenture one place with another did purchase two Acres of Land at which rate all the Land of Ireland if it were 8 Millions of profitable Acres might have been had for a Million of Money which Ann. 1641. was worth above 8 Millions M. 1. The Cattel and Stock which Ann. 1641. was worth above 4 Millions reckoning one Beef of 20 s. value or the Equivalent in other Stock to two Acres but Ann. 1652. the people of Dublin fetch'd Meat from Wales there being none here and the whole Cattel of Ireland not worth l. 500,000 Corn was then at 50 s. per Barrel which is now and 1641. under 12. The Houses of Ireland Ann. 1641. was worth 2½ Millions but Ann. 1652. not worth ⅓ of the same l. 500,000 The value of people Men Women and Children in England some have computed to be 70 l. per Head one with another But if you value the people who have been destroyed in Ireland as Slaves and Negroes are usually rated viz. at about 15 l. one with another Men being sold for 25 l. and Children 5 l. each the value of the people lost will be about 10,355,000 The Forces kept on Foot by all Parties for the said 11 years were at least 80,000 Horse and Foot for even Ann. 1652. the English were 35,000 and 34,000 Irish transported the Charge whereof Train of Artillery and General Officers included cannot be less than 15 l. per Head per Ann. which for 11 years comes to 13 Millions and 200 M. l. 13,200,000 The superlucration above expressed of all which adult Men among which were no Women nor Children cannot be reckoned at less than 5 l. per Head or ⅓ of the last mentioned Sum viz. M. 4,400,000 Wherefore the effects of the Rebellion were these in pecuniary value viz. By loss of people 10,335,000 By loss of their superlucration of Soldiers 4,400,000 By the superlucration of the people lost at 10 l. per Head for the whole 11 years deducting 80 M. Soldiers 6,000,000 By impairing of the worth of Lands 11,000,000 Of the Stock 3,500,000 Of the Housing 2,000,000  37,255,000 And the 20 years Rent of all the Lands forfeited by reason of the said Rebellion viz. since the year 1652 to 1673. hath not fully defray'd the Charge of the English Army in Ireland for the said time nor doth the said Rents at this day do the same with ½ as much more or above 100 M. l. per An. more And the Adventurers after 10 years being out of their Principal Money which now ought to be double by its Interest they sold their Adventures for under 10 s. per l. Ann. 1652. in open and free Market The Number of Landed Irish-Papists or Freeholders before the Wars was about 3000 whereof as appears by 800 Judgments of the Court of Claims which fate Ann. 1663. upon the Innocence and Effects of the Irish
Papists or at least five of six days in each or â— part of the whole year 13. The expence of the whole people of Ireland is about four Millions per Ann. the â…“ part whereof being 80,000 l. and the Quarter of Annual House-Rent being about 6â—,000 l. together with 450 â—00 l. more being the value of half a years Rent Tythes and Quit-Rent do make 59â—,000 l. as that sum of Money which will compleatly and plentifully drive the Trade of this Kingdom 14. The value of the Commodities exported out of Ireland and the Fraight of the Shipping imployed in the Trade of this Nation together with the fishing of Herrings is about Five Hundred Thousand pounds per Annum 15. The value of the Estates in Ireland of such persons as do usually live in England the Interest of Debts of Ireland due and payable to England the pay of the Forces of Ireland now in England the Expence and Pensions of Agents and Solliâ—itors commonly residing in England about Irish Affairs the Expence of English and Iriâ—h Youth now upon their Education beyond the Seas and lastly the supposed Profit of the two great Farms now on Foot do altogether make up near 2â—0,0â—0 l. per Ann. as a Debt payablâ— to England out of Ireland 16. The value of the Cattel viz. live Oxen and Sheep carried out of Ireland into England was never more than 140,000 l. per Annum the Fraight Hides Tallow and Wooll of the said live Cattel were worth about 60,000 l. of the said 140,000 l. And the value of the Goods imported out of England into Ireland when the Cattel-Trade was free was between Treble and Quadruple to the neat value of the Ox and Sheâ—ps Fleâ—h transported from hence into England 17. The Customs of Exported and Imported Goods between England and Ireland abstracted from the Excise thereof was in the freest Trade about 32,000 l. per Ann. Inferences from the Premisses 1. BY comparing the Extent of the Territory with the number of people it appears that Ireland is much underpeopled for as much as there are above 1â— Acres of good Land to every Head in Ireland whereas in England and France there are but four and in Holland scarce one 2. That if there be 250 000 spareâ—â—ands capable of Labour who can earn 4 or five l. per Ann. one with another it follows that the people of Ireland well employed may earn one Million per Ann. more than they do now which is more than the years Rent of the whole Country 3. If an House with Stone-Walls and a Chimney well covered and half an Aâ—re of Land well ditched about may be made for 4 or 5 l. or thereabouts then â…“ of the spare hands of Ireland can in one years time build and fit up 160,000 such Houses and Gardens instead of the like number of the wretched Cabbins above-mentioned And that in a time when a Foreign-Trade is most dead and obstructed and when Money is most scarce in the Land 4. The other third part of the said spare hands within the same year besides the making of Bridges Harbors Rivers High-ways c. more fit for Trade are able to plant as many Fruit and Timber-Trees and also Quick-set Hedges as being grown up would distinguish the Bounds of Lands beautifie the Countrey shade and shelter Cattel furnish Wood Fuel Timber and fruit in a better manner than ever was yet known in Ireland or England And all this in a time when Trade is dead and Money most scarce 5. If the Gardens belonging to the Cabbins above mentioned be planted with Hemp and Flax according to the present Statute there would grow 120,000 l. worth of the said Commodities the Manufactures whereof as also of the Wooll and Hides now exported would by the labour of the spare hands above-mentioned amount to above One Million per Annum more than at present 6. The multitude and proportion of Alehouses above-mentioned is a sign of want of Employment in those that buy no less than those that sell the Drink 7. There being but 800 Thousand Papists in Ireland and little above 2,000 Priests It is manifest that 500 Priests may in a competent manner Officiate for the said number of People and Parishes And that two Popish Bishops if any at all be necessary may as well Govern the said 500 Priests and two Thousand Parishes as the 26 Bishops of England do Govern near Ten Thousand Parishes 8. If the Protestants according to the present practice and understanding of the Law do work one tenth part of the Year more than the Papists And that there be be 750 Thousand working People in Ireland whereof about 600 Thousand Papists It follows that the Popish Religion takes off 60 Thousand workers which at about 4 l. per Annum each is about 250 Thousand Pounds per Annum of it self besides the Maintenance of 25 Hundred superfluous Churchmen which at 20 l. per Annum each comes to fifty thousand pounds per Annum more 9. The Sheriffs of Ireland at 100 l. per Annum the High Constables at 20 l. per Annum and the Petty Constables at 10 l. per Annum each being all English Protestants with some other incident Charges for the Administration of Justice may be fallarated and defrayed for thirty thousand Pounds per Annum consistent with His Majesty's present Revenue Forces c. which said Sallaries may also be lessened by Uniting some of the smaller Countie's Baronies and Parishes according to the proportion of People Inhabiting within them 10. If there be not 350 â—housand Pounds Coyned Money in Ireland And if 590 Thousand Pounds or near double what there now is be requisite to drive the Trade thereof then it follows that there is not enough in Ireland to drive the Trade of the Nation 11. If the Lands of Ireland and Housing in Corporations be worth above 10 Millions to be now sold and if less than One Million of stock will drive all the Trade afore-mentioned that Ireland is capable off reckoning but two returns per Annum It is certain that the lesser part of the said Ten Millions worth of real Estate being well contrived into a Bank of Credit will with the Cash yet remaining abundantly answer all the ends of Domestick Improvements and Foreign Traffick whatsoever 12. If the whole substance of Ireland be worth 16 Millions as above said If the customs between England and Ireland were neverworth above thirty two thousand Pounds per Annum Iâ— the Titles of Estates in Ireland be more hazardous and expensive for that England and Ireland be not under one Legislative Power If Ireland till now hath been a continual Charge to England If the reducing the late Rebellion did cost England three times more in men and money than the substance of the whole Countrey when reduced is worth If it be just that men of English Bâ—rth and Estates living in Ireland should be represented in the Legislative Power and that the Irish should not be judged by those
who they pretend do usurp their Estates It then seems just and convenient That both Kingdoms should be United and Governed by one Legislative Power Nor is it hard to shew how this may be made practicable nor to satisfy repair or silence those who are Interested or Affected to the contrary 13. In the mean time it is wonderful that men born in England who have Lands granted to them by the King for service done in Ireland to the Crown of England when they have occasion to reside or negotiate in England should by their Country-men Kindred and Friends there be debarred to bring with them out of Ireland food whereupon to live nor suffered to carry money out of Ireland nor to bring such Commodities as they fetch from America directly home but round about by England with extream hazard and loss and be forced to trade only with Strangers and become unacquainted with their own Country especially when England gaineth more than it loseth by a free Commerce as exporting hither three times as much as it receiveth from hence In so much as 95 l. in England was worth about 100 l. of the like Money in Ireland in the freest time of Trade 14. It is conceived that about â…“ d of the Imported Manufactures might be made in Ireland and â…“ d of the remainder might be more conveniently had from Foreign parts than out of England and consequently that it is scarce necessary at all for Ireland to receive any goods of England and not convenient to receive above th part from hence of the whole which it needeth to Import the value whereof is under 100 Thousand Pounds per Annum The application of the Premisses in order to remedy the defects and impediments of the Trade of Ireland 1. Forasmuch as the consideration of Raising Money hath already and so lately been before your Lordships therefore without giving this Board any further trouble concerning the same We humbly offer in order to the regulation of the several species thereof That whereas Weighty Plate pieces together with Ducatoons which estimate to be three quarters of the Money now currant in Ireland do already pass at proportionable Rates and for that all other species of Silver Money are neither rated proportionably to the said weighty pieces nor to one another That Whole Half and Quarter Cobbs of Sterling Silver if light may pass at 5 s. 7 d. per Ounce but that the other Species of courser Silver as the Perrues c. may pass as Commodity or at 5 s. per Ounce until there shall be conveniency for new Coyning thereof into smaller Money 2. That forthwith Application may be made unto England to restore the Trade from the Plantations and between the two Kingdoms and particularly that of Cattel as heretofore and in the mean time to discover and hinder by all means possible the carrying of Bullion out of Ireland into England to the end that those in England who are to receive Moneys from hence may be necessitated to be very earnest in the said Negotiation 3. That Endeavours be used in England for the Union of the Kingdoms under one Legislative Power proportionably as was heretofore and successively done in the case of Wales 4. For reducing Interest from Ten to Five or Six per Centum for disposing moneyed men to be rather Merchants than Usurers rather to trade than purchase and to prevent the bad and uncertain payments which Gentlemen are forced to make unto Tradesmen whose Stock and Credit is thereby soon buried in debts not to be received without long and expensivâ— Suits and that a Bank of Land be forthwith contrived and countenanced 5. That the Act of State which mitigates and compounds for the Costoms of some Foreign goods purposely made high to hinder their Importation and to encourage the Manufacture of them here be taken into consideration at least before it be renewed 6. That the Lord Lieutenant and Council as also the Nobilit Courts of Justice and Officers of the Army and other Gentlemen in and about Dublin may by their engagement and example discountenance the use of some certain Foreign Commodities to be pitched upon by your Lordships And that Gentlemen and Freeholders in the Country at their Assizes and other Country meetings and that the Inhabitants of all Corporations who live in Houses of above two Chimneys in each may afterwards do the same 7. That there be a Corporation for the Navigation of this Kingdom and that other Societies of men may be instituted who shall undertake and give security to carry on the several Trades and Manufactures of Ireland and to see that all goods Exported to Foreign Markets may be faithfully wrought and packt Which Societies may direct themselves by the many several proposals and reports formerly and of late made by the Council of Trade and which they are now again ready to enlarge and accommodate to the said several proposals respectively and more particularly to the Manufactures of Woollen Linnen and Leather 8. That the Corporations of Ireland may be obliged to engage no Manufactures but according to their Primitive Instructions which was to carry on such great works as exceeded the strength of single Persons and particularly that they may cause some such like proportions of Yarn Linnen and Woollen as also of Worsted to be Spun as Mr. Hawkins hath Propounded 9. That the Pattents which hinder the working of Mines may be considered 10. That the Justices of Peace may be admonished to protect the Industrious and not suffer their Labours to be interrupted by vexatious and frivolous Indictments 11. That the Inhabitants of the wretched Cabbins in Ireland may be encouraged to reform them and also compelled thereunto as an easy and Indulgent Committing for the Penalty of Nine-Pence per Sunday payable by the Statute and likewise to make Gardens as the Statute for Hemp and Flax requires And that other the wholesome Laws against Idlers Vagabonds c may be applied to the prevention of Beggary and Thievery Whereunto the orderly disposing of the said Cabbins into Townships would also conduce 12. That the People be dissuaded from the observations of superfluous Holy-Days 13. That the exorbitant Number of Popish-Priests and Fryars may be reduced to a bare competency as also the Number of Ale-houses 14. That the Constable Sheriff and Bailiffs may also be English Protestants though upon Salary From all which and from the settlement of Estates it is to be hoped that men seeing more advantage to live in Ireland than elsewhere may be invited to remove themselves hither and so supply the want of People the greatest and most fundamental defect of this Kingdom CAROLUS Secundus Dei Gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae Hiberniae Rex Fidei Defensor c. Omnibus ad quos praesentes literae pervenerint salutem Cum praedilectus perquam fidelis consanguineus Consiliarius noster Jacobus Dux Ormondiae in râ—gno nostro Hiberniae qui plurima egregia servitia serenissimo patri