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england_n worth_a year_n yield_v 28 3 7.0276 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28382 The English improver improved, or, The svrvey of hvsbandry svrveyed discovering the improueableness of all lands some to be under a double and treble, others under a five or six fould, and many under a tenn fould, yea, some under a twenty fould improvement / by Walter Blith ... ; all clearely demonstrated from principles of reason, ingenuity, and late but most real experiences and held forth at an inconsiderable charge to the profits accrewing thereby, under six peeces of improvement ... Blith, Walter, fl. 1649. 1653 (1653) Wing B3196; ESTC R16683 227,789 311

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they_o be_v and_o the_o sharp_a and_o curious_o keep_v the_o better_a will_v they_o rid_v off_o work_v by_o far_o and_o the_o more_o easy_a and_o delightful_a to_o the_o workman_n and_o not_o fur_n and_o clog_v with_o earth_n which_o make_v the_o work_n go_v off_o very_o heavy_o the_o three_o piece_n of_o improvement_n show_v how_o to_o enclose_v without_o offence_n and_o prevent_v depopulation_n that_o be_v most_o common_a attendant_n and_o appertinent_a to_o enclosure_n and_o how_o to_o make_v several_a all_o arable_a common_a field_n land_n and_o also_o all_o common_a heath_n moor_n forest_n waste_v to_o every_o particular_a interest_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n great_a advantage_n chap._n xi_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n treat_v of_o improve_n land_n by_o pasture_n reprove_v depopulation_n prove_v excellent_a advantage_n by_o enclosure_n and_o take_v away_o the_o usual_a scandal_n lay_v upon_o it_o this_o piece_n of_o improvement_n will_v be_v the_o better_o carry_v on_o if_o we_o can_v but_o prevent_v two_o great_a rock_n man_n be_v apt_a to_o dash_v upon_o and_o keep_v the_o medium_fw-la betwixt_o both_o the_o one_o be_v so_o extreme_a for_o pasture_v and_o graze_v extreme_a as_o he_o will_v destroy_v tillage_n and_o raise_v of_o corn_n so_o he_o may_v convert_v all_o to_o sheep_n wool_n and_o cattle_n though_o the_o contrary_n be_v of_o incomparable_a more_o advantage_n credit_n and_o glory_n the_o other_o all_o for_o tillage_n and_o plough_v that_o he_o will_v toil_n all_o his_o day_n himself_o and_o family_n for_o nothing_o extreme_a in_o and_o upon_o his_o common_a arable_a field_n land_n up_o early_o and_o down_o late_o drudge_n and_o moyl_n and_o wear_v out_o himself_o and_o family_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v cast_v how_o he_o may_v improve_v his_o land_n by_o impasture_v and_o enclose_v of_o it_o whereby_o he_o may_v raise_v more_o profit_n in_o sheep_n wool_n cattle_n and_o far_o more_o corn_n also_o if_o he_o please_v upon_o every_o acre_n for_o 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natural_o sandy_a and_o gravelly_a that_o it_o never_o before_o will_v bear_v any_o thing_n but_o ry_o or_o oat_n yet_o by_o one_o good_a lime_v it_o will_v be_v reduce_v to_o bear_v as_o good_a lammas_n or_o red_a straw_n wheat_n with_o barley_n and_o pease_n as_o your_o strong_a clay_n land_n 3._o be_v it_o of_o so_o hot_a a_o nature_n than_o it_o will_v have_v the_o best_a operation_n upon_o your_o cold_a &_o wette_v spew_v land_n upon_o which_o it_o have_v none_o and_o all_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a as_o i_o remember_v acre_n about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o quarter_n of_o lime_n will_v very_o well_o lime_n a_o acre_n you_o may_v also_o over-lime_n it_o as_o well_o as_o under-lime_n it_o also_o a_o mixture_n of_o lime_n manure_n and_o soil_n together_o be_v very_o excellent_a especial_o for_o a_o few_o crop_n and_o so_o lie_v down_o to_o graze_v i_o conceive_v be_v best_a but_o by_o any_o mean_n till_o not_o long_o for_o i_o say_v it_o be_v possible_a the_o land_n may_v 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dry_a again_o and_o do_v not_o congeal_v and_o conglutinate_v like_a to_o tough_a clay_n but_o dissolve_v fear_v not_o the_o operation_n adventure_v the_o experiment_n of_o it_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v answerable_a to_o thy_o hope_n and_o now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v thou_o a_o true_a relation_n of_o one_o experiment_n of_o my_o own_o because_o i_o speak_v but_o little_a but_o my_o own_o experience_n experiment_n upon_o a_o hard_o enclose_v wood-land_n farm_n i_o rent_v have_v some_o land_n also_o in_o common_a among_o the_o rest_n i_o have_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o little_a short_a land_n or_o butt_n lay_v all_o together_o in_o the_o common_a field_n all_o which_o say_v land_n be_v so_o gravelly_a of_o nature_n that_o there_o be_v but_o about_o two_o inch_n thickness_n of_o earth_n before_o you_o come_v to_o as_o perfect_a gravel_n as_o any_o highway_n yea_o so_o exceed_v herein_o that_o in_o many_o place_n turn_v to_o sinder_v like_o that_o the_o smith_n cast_v 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best_a upon_o my_o mud_a land_n the_o next_o and_o upon_o my_o marled_a land_n reasonable_a good_a not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o aforesaid_a sort_n yield_v because_o marle_n yield_v not_o forth_o his_o utmost_a strength_n the_o first_o year_n and_o upon_o that_o i_o lay_v nothing_o i_o reap_v nothing_o not_o so_o much_o as_o straw_n although_o i_o give_v it_o the_o same_o seed_n and_o the_o same_o tillage_n as_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n whereby_o you_o may_v perceive_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v bad_a enough_o indeed_o when_o it_o will_v bear_v no_o corn_n at_o all_o for_o very_o little_a land_n in_o england_n that_o be_v old_a and_o resty_a and_o in_o good_a tillage_n but_o will_v bear_v some_o either_o oat_n or_o tare_n the_o next_o year_n i_o sow_a barley_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o these_o land_n experiment_n and_o upon_o my_o marled_a land_n be_v most_o gallant_a corn_n and_o so_o be_v my_o mud_a land_n my_o mucked_a land_n be_v the_o worst_a by_o far_a the_o 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all_o the_o land_n to_o this_o day_n her_o in_o observe_v how_o it_o sadden_v land_n exceed_o this_o be_v rye_n land_n most_o natural_o but_o it_o turn_v to_o wheat_n barley_n and_o pease_n and_o as_o it_o be_v thus_o excellent_a for_o corn_n so_o it_o be_v also_o very_o fruitful_a and_o enrich_v to_o grass-land_n provide_v you_o take_v heed_n of_o extreme_n which_o most_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o run_v into_o which_o be_v not_o to_o till_o it_o forth_o of_o heart_n for_o to_o till_o it_o forth_o of_o heart_n be_v just_a as_o if_o you_o work_v a_o ox_n off_o his_o leg_n a_o horse_n off_o his_o stomach_n or_o a_o man_n off_o his_o strength_n reprove_v
so_o much_o by_o the_o acre_n of_o many_o more_o year_n growth_n as_o this_o at_o the_o eleven_o year_n and_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o design_n thou_o must_v take_v in_o two_o or_o three_o more_o particular_n one_o be_v a_o strict_a observation_n of_o the_o season_n in_o plant_v and_o then_o second_o your_o demeanour_n towards_o it_o after_o plant_v first_o the_o season_n be_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o leaf_n be_v fall_v the_o early_o the_o better_o fail_v not_o to_o be_v well_o prepare_v of_o material_n to_o begin_v with_o november_n and_o so_o thou_o may_v continue_v three_o month_n complete_a until_o the_o end_n of_o january_n and_o possible_o some_o part_n of_o february_n but_o it_o be_v somewhat_o hazardous_a and_o may_v exceed_o fail_v thy_o expectation_n and_o for_o the_o moon_n increase_v or_o decline_a matter_n it_o not_o at_o all_o nor_o any_o season_n wet_a or_o dry_a frost_n or_o snow_n so_o thy_o labourer_n can_v but_o work_v 6._o and_o be_v sure_a that_o what_o set_v be_v gather_v one_o day_n may_v be_v s●t_o the_o next_o if_o possible_o or_o next_o after_o and_o shall_v thou_o be_v occasion_v by_o any_o hindrance_n to_o keep_v thy_o set_n long_o unset_a be_v thou_o sure_a thou_o get_v their_o root_n into_o the_o ground_n well_o cover_v with_o good_a mould_n until●_n thou_o can_v set_v they_o and_o be_v not_o draw_v away_o to_o the_o contrary_a by_o any_o workman_n persuasion_n whatsoever_o for_o though_o the_o lie_v out_o of_o mould_n of_o unset_a do_v not_o kill_v they_o yet_o will_v it_o so_o backen_v they_o that_o thou_o may_v lose_v a_o full_a half_a year_n growth_n in_o they_o second_o thy_o ground_n thus_o plant_v thou_o must_v be_v careful_a in_o the_o weed_n of_o it_o necessary_a for_o i_o know_v no_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o so_o great_a advance_n than_o this_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o ground_n clean_o from_o weed_n and_o as_o mellow_v and_o open_a as_o possible_o which_o will_v cause_v the_o root_n to_o shoot_v exceed_o and_o the_o 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may_v expect_v a_o wonderful_a issue_n it_o be_v very_o common_a in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n that_o the_o willow_n rise_v to_o gallant_a hurdle-wood_n &_o in_o five_o or_o six_o year_n to_o abundance_n of_o firewood_n and_o small_a pole_n for_o hops_n and_o other_o use_v one_o acre_n of_o new_a plant_v willow_n upon_o some_o land_n not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n may_v in_o seven_o year_n be_v worth_a near_o about_o five_o pound_n in_o some_o part_v a_o acre_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o nation_n more_o and_o i_o very_o believe_v be_v all_o the_o bog-land_n in_o england_n thus_o plant_v and_o husbandr_v well_o after_o these_o direction_n may_v raise_v woood_a enough_o to_o maintain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o fire_v and_o for_o other_o sort_n of_o wood_n the_o well_o order_v &_o nourish_v it_o although_o in_o land_n so_o bad_a will_v produce_v a_o wonderful_a profit_n far_o more_o than_o i_o will_v speak_v of_o and_o i_o suppose_v worth_a he_o 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any_o wood_n where_o i_o ever_o yet_o come_v and_o as_o unlikely_a also_o to_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v yet_o speak_v unto_o which_o be_v no_o more_o but_o this_o at_o every_o fall_v where_o thy_o wood_n grow_v thin_a take_v a_o good_a straight_a pole_n or_o sampler_n grow_v of_o ash_n or_o willow_n at_o the_o usual_a growth_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o plash_n it_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o cut_v it_o whole_o off_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o it_o and_o put_v the_o over_o end_n of_o the_o pole_n after_o the_o head_n cut_v off_o a_o little_a into_o the_o ground_n which_o thou_o may_v do_v by_o bend_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n like_o a_o bow_n and_o so_o thrust_v it_o in_o and_o so_o fasten_v it_o down_o once_o or_o twice_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o and_o upward_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o hook_n or_o two_o and_o out_o thence_o where_o any_o branch_n will_v put_v forth_o stand_v will_v 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plain_o show_v 2._o that_o the_o rush_n can_v grow_v the_o water_n be_v take_v from_o the_o root_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o moystness_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n for_o then_o every_o rain_n shall_v increase_v the_o rush_n but_o it_o be_v that_o which_o lie_v at_o the_o root_n which_o drain_v away_o at_o bottom_n leave_v it_o naked_a and_o barren_a of_o relief_n fatten_v but_o suppose_v it_o shall_v breed_v some_o few_o and_o the_o mareblab_n too_o which_o be_v a_o sign_n thy_o land_n begin_v to_o f●tten_v then_o take_v thy_o whole_a stream_n or_o a_o good_a considerable_a stream_n and_o bring_v upon_o that_o place_n and_o overflow_v it_o as_o it_o afore_o direct_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o chapter_n in_o december_n and_o january_n if_o it_o take_v they_o not_o away_o i_o will_v do_v it_o for_o thou_o float_v land_n will_v as_o certain_o destroy_v the_o rush_n the_o flagg_n and_o mareblab_v be_v well_o drayn_v again_o as_o work_v the_o least_o improvement_n and_o 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make_v be_v also_o obvious_a and_o i●_n the_o view_n of_o they_o thou_o shall_v see_v more_o advantage_n make_v than_o be_v he●●_n affirm_v 2._o and_o second_o to_o confirm_v thy_o objection_n i_o say_v we_o have_v some_o mountebanck_n abroad_o that_o have_v hold_v out_o specious_a pretence_n of_o wonder_n projection_n as_o many_o engineer_n have_v do_v in_o draw_v water_n or_o drayn_v lead-mine_n tin_n or_o colemine_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n have_v project_v engine_n with_o double_a treble_a and_o fourfold_a motion_n reprieve_v conceive_v and_o affirm_v every_o work_n or_o motion_n will_v multiply_v the_o ease_n in_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o not_o consider_v that_o certain_o it_o must_v multiply_v the_o weight_n and_o burden_n thereof_o and_o also_o put_v such_o a_o impossibility_n unto_o tackle_n gear_n and_o wheel_n for_o hold_v that_o all_o will_v fly_v in_o sunder_o at_o the_o very_a first_o motion_n and_o continual_o one_o thing_n or_o other_o out_o of_o order_n and_o 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they_o be_v only_o to_o give_v a_o moderate_a ease_n and_o speed_n to_o so_o toilsome_a and_o costly_a lobour_n 3._o i_o answer_v three_o that_o many_o have_v make_v some_o experiment_n but_o those_o i_o conceive_v have_v neither_o be_v full_a experiment_n in_o all_o particular_n nor_o regular_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a direction_n here_o give_v and_o so_o may_v as_o well_o spoil_v all_o as_o he_o that_o take_v all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o ingredient_n in_o a_o medicine_n and_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o disease_n prescribe_v but_o either_o he_o miss_v in_o the_o composition_n or_o else_o in_o the_o application_n or_o else_o if_o he_o be_v right_a in_o all_o he_o may_v fail_v for_o want_v of_o patience_n to_o wait_v the_o issue_n but_o cast_v all_o away_o as_o worth_n nothing_o and_o clap_v in_o with_o another_o receipt_n and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o give_v no_o positive_a resolution_n what_o the_o effect_n thereof_o may_v be_v therefore_o i_o say_v as_o before_o i_o have_v say_v trace_v i_o along_o in_o all_o particular_n and_o fail_v in_o none_o of_o they_o and_o if_o the_o issue_n fail_v challenge_v the_o author_n as_o a_o deceiver_n 4._o and_o that_o i_o may_v answer_v the_o full_a charge_n i_o say_v take_v my_o counsel_n for_o the_o several_a tool_n propose_v and_o i_o question_v not_o that_o in_o most_o ordinary_a work_n the_o charge_n shall_v not_o be_v any_o proportion_n to_o the_o profit_n but_o say_v a_o acre_n of_o land_n shall_v cost_v thou_o forty_o shilling_n the_o fit_v and_o prepare_v of_o it_o as_o possible_o some_o may_v it_o may_v lie_v so_o irregular_o it_o be_v then_o as_o possible_a in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n time_n the_o same_o may_v be_v make_v worth_n forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la yea_o more_o many_o other_o acre_n thou_o may_v work_v to_o as_o good_a a_o advantage_n for_o twenty_o shilling_n some_o for_o ten_o shilling_n some_o for_o five_o shilling_n and_o some_o less_o i_o can_v give_v the_o particular_a experiment_n for_o they_o all_o be_v it_o more_o necessary_a than_o brevity_n which_o i_o so_o much_o affect_v and_o resolve_v object_n and_o for_o prejudice_v other_o land_n answ._n as_o many_o strong_o object_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o if_o one_o hive_n of_o bee_n shall_v prosper_v more_o in_o one_o garden_n than_o twenty_o will_v the_o contrary_a experience_n constant_o manifest_v object_n and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o improvement_n answ._n and_o for_o improve_n so_o little_a as_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o labour_n that_o be_v as_o frivolous_a also_o many_o score_n thousand_o of_o acre_n in_o england_n be_v under_o this_o capacity_n and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o fold_n improvement_n yea_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o hundred_o of_o acre_n together_o may_v be_v wonderful_o advance_v this_o way_n to_o a_o proportionable_a advantage_n and_o with_o less_o charge_n proportionable_o than_o a_o few_o there_o be_v also_o much_o boggy_a and_o miry_a land_n that_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o advancement_n and_o such_o capacity_n as_o some_o may_v lie_v under_o may_v be_v improve_v twenty_o fold_n or_o more_o and_o as_o for_o coarse_a fen_n and_o marsh_n land_n upon_o both_o fresh_a and_o salt_n water_n land_n there_o have_v be_v such_o gallant_a notable_a achievement_n by_o many_o accurate_a and_o ingenious_a spirit_n honour_v to_o who_o the_o nation_n owe_v high_a acknowledgement_n and_o who_o work_n and_o experimenut_n i_o do_v admire_v and_o honour_n to_o who_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v a_o pupil_n yet_o notwithstanding_o their_o discovery_n and_o their_o work_n cut_v forth_o throughout_o the_o nation_n and_o leave_v to_o idle_a practitioner_n and_o slothful_a impatient_a slubberer_n who_o have_v not_o only_o do_v it_o by_o the_o half_n but_o stifle_v many_o a_o gallant_a plot_a opportunity_n of_o a_o far_o great_a advance_n than_o it_o have_v produce_v and_o so_o possible_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n 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he_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o hospitality_n of_o which_o he_o be_v to_o be_v a_o lover_n 8._o &_o far_o better_a able_a to_o give_v than_o to_o receive_v and_o to_o administer_v to_o other_o than_o to_o be_v administer_v unto_o by_o way_n of_o charity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o great_a depopulation_n in_o the_o nation_n that_o have_v devour_v poor_a &_o tenant_n reprove_v overthrow_n corning_n and_o good_a husbandry_n and_o in_o some_o part_n minister_n and_o all_o and_o yet_o persist_v by_o keep_v their_o land_n from_o tillage_n when_o it_o want_v it_o when_o country_n the_o landlord_n profit_n the_o market_n the_o labourer_n poor_a and_o land_n itself_o and_o all_o call_v for_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o grand_a oppression_n as_o also_o for_o other_o place_n where_o no_o maintenance_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o minister_n of_o but_o the_o people_n starve_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n and_o where_o those_o great_a impropriation_n be_v that_o devour_v all_o the_o profit_n and_o have_v all_o to_o a_o short-coat_n vicarage_n how_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v mend_v be_v infinite_o beyond_o my_o sphere_n how_o minister_n shall_v be_v raise_v maintenance_n and_o all_o interest_n preserve_v i_o know_v not_o only_o i_o shall_v pray_v the_o wise_a god_n to_o direct_v our_o high_a counsel_n in_o regulate_v these_o distraction_n for_o it_o be_v far_o beyond_o my_o shallow_a capacity_n how_o to_o advise_v and_o for_o the_o freeholder_n farmer_n or_o tenant_n freeholder_n i_o question_v not_o the_o freeholders_n offence_n for_o he_o have_v his_o proportion_n i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v double_v and_o more_o to_o his_o advantage_n and_o for_o the_o tenant_n let_v he_o also_o share_v in_o some_o advancement_n either_o let_v he_o enjoy_v it_o at_o a_o easy_a rate_n that_o look_v whatsoever_o bargain_n he_o have_v in_o common_a by_o the_o year_n he_o may_v have_v a_o better_a upon_o the_o enclosure_n or_o else_o let_v he_o take_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n or_o year_n that_o as_o he_o enjoy_v the_o worst_a upon_o the_o first_o enclosure_n so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o best_a also_o have_v a_o good_a t●rm_n of_o time_n therein_o and_o then_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o wrangle_v neither_o for_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o need_v neither_o moyl_n nor_o cark_n as_o he_o do_v before_o but_o manage_v his_o business_n with_o more_o ease_n sweet_a content_n and_o advance_v of_o profit_n and_o for_o the_o landlord_n or_o lord_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o bespeak_v his_o favour_n landlord_n or_o approbation_n for_o he_o will_v believe_v i_o without_o demonstration_n that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o visible_a and_o considerable_a advance_v fall_v upon_o he_o only_o crave_v his_o patience_n that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v offend_v that_o i_o seem_v and_o but_o seem_v so_o to_o do_v to_o project_v to_o give_v away_o his_o right_n as_o to_o the_o poor_a which_o in_o common_a be_v their_o own_o whether_o by_o right_a custom_n for_o i_o speak_v of_o no_o other_o in_o this_o place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v right_a of_o common_a and_o so_o they_o may_v require_v so_o much_o by_o law_n but_o to_o encourage_v they_o and_o to_o remove_v offence_n and_o scandal_n i_o advise_v it_o and_o when_o all_o these_o particular_n concern_v in_o their_o several_a right_n be_v satisfy_v we_o shall_v do_v well_o and_o yet_o the_o great_a block_n and_o prejudice_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v remove_v which_o be_v the_o destruction_n of_o corn_n and_o tillage_n which_o i_o promise_v to_o clear_v which_o follow_v here_o first_o i_o endeavour_v before_o enclosure_n that_o either_o by_o engagement_n so_o firm_a and_o sure_o make_v food_n by_o all_o party_n concern_v in_o it_o as_o they_o may_v fall_v under_o law_n to_o be_v recover_v or_o else_o by_o a_o particular_a state_n law_n enact_v to_o this_o end_n so_o to_o engage_v all_o man_n in_o this_o new_a enclosure_n to_o allot_v or_o cast_v out_o one_o three_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o at_o least_o of_o all_o their_o land_n constant_o for_o tillage_n or_o what_o more_o at_o any_o time_n they_o please_v one_o three_o part_n for_o meadow_n common_a and_o another_o three_o part_n for_o pasture_n or_o feed_v land_n which_o three_o part_n for_o tillage_n if_o my_o conception_n fail_v not_o first_o with_o the_o help_n of_o all_o that_o soil_n that_o the_o hay_n of_o the_o other_o three_o part_n will_v raise_v in_o maintain_v all_o the_o cattle_n in_o winter_n that_o they_o pasture_v in_o summer_n upon_o the_o other_o three_o part_n which_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v as_o many_o more_o and_o also_o second_o by_o that_o advantage_n there_o will_v be_v sometime_o plough_v on_o pasture_n and_o rest_v another_o whereby_o fresh_a land_n and_o reitey_n for_o some_o year_n will_v bear_v more_o corn_n without_o manure_n than_o it_o do_v before_o with_o it_o and_o indeed_o also_o after_o some_o year_n of_o rest_v may_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o plough_v and_o possible_o may_v advance_v the_o land_n by_o it_o as_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o will_v all_o our_o wood-land_n coarse_a land_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v either_o subject_n to_o the_o moss_n or_o rush_v or_o ant-hill_n whatever_o it_o will_v do_v to_o better_a three_o well_o know_v that_o without_o question_n one_o acre_n of_o well_o manure_v and_o husbandryed_a land_n will_v yield_v more_o fruit_n than_o two_o or_o three_o otherwise_o a_o principle_n undeniable_a four_o consider_v the_o vast_a advantage_n there_o will_v be_v by_o husbandr_v a_o little_a well_o i_o say_v it_o be_v clear_v some_o one_o acre_n manure_v plough_v and_o hus●andred_v in_o season_n and_o unto_o that_o height_n of_o richness_n the_o land_n and_o seed_n sow_v do_v require_v may_v and_o do_v usual_o bear_v as_o much_o corn_n as_o two_o or_o three_o ill_a husbandr_v as_o aforesaid_a then_o balance_v the_o business_n and_o weigh_v but_o the_o advantage_n one_o acre_n bear_v the_o fruit_n of_o three_o three_o the_o two_o acre_n be_v preserve_v to_o graze_v the_o seed_n and_o all_o other_o charge_n of_o two_o acre_n be_v preserve_v to_o help_v the_o market_n the_o husbandry_n and_o plough_v and_o sow_v of_o two_o acre_n be_v also_o save_v oh_o consider_v it_o and_o neither_o be_v such_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n nor_o of_o yourselves_o and_o commonwealth_n so_o great_a abuser_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o good_a husbandry_n so_o great_a traducer_n when_o man_n have_v their_o land_n enclose_v and_o at_o their_o own_o command_n i_o fear_v not_o but_o most_o man_n will_v covet_v to_o husbandry_n every_o acre_n so_o well_o as_o it_o may_v yield_v forth_o the_o utmost_a fruit_n it_o be_v possible_o able_a to_o produce_v have_v the_o rest_n at_o their_o own_o command_n also_o to_o employ_v to_o another_o advantage_n which_o do_v half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n thus_o manage_v will_v yield_v more_o than_o all_o that_o now_o be_v under_o tillage_n this_o poor_a piece_n by_o the_o by_o observe_v and_o practise_v will_v make_v good_a the_o improvement_n promise_v consider_v it_o well_o and_o be_v convince_v or_o reply_v five_o if_o you_o consider_v that_o all_o your_o common_a field_n be_v never_o under_o tillage_n neither_o as_o great_a part_n s●ades_n and_o hade_n way_n and_o a_o great_a part_n meadow_n and_o much_o and_o many_o balk_n between_o each_o land_n and_o many_o high_a way_n and_o some_o commune_v of_o pasture_n and_o leaye_n leave_v for_o keep_v beast_n or_o sheep_n upon_o all_o which_o will_v contain_v one_o three_o part_n as_o i_o conceive_v if_o not_o near_o half_a in_o some_o place_n not_o under_o tillage_n but_o waste_a land_n certain_o i_o conclude_v there_o may_v be_v as_o much_o corn_n go_v by_o ingenuity_n upon_o this_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o ground_n and_o much_o more_o be_v enclose_v than_o upon_o it_o all_o in_o common_a and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o destruction_n of_o tillage_n upon_o all_o the●e_n waste_v and_o graze_v part_n which_o ever_o lie_v to_o grass_n and_o no_o tillage_n be_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o i_o must_v clear_o conceive_v be_v one_o three_o p●rt_n upon_o all_o enclosure_n allot_v out_o or_o covenant_v to_o be_v keep_v constant_o in_o tillage_n though_o i_o advise_v not_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o three_o part_n always_o in_o tillage_n but_o sometime_o one_o part_n and_o sometime_o another_o all_o make_v up_o one_o just_a three_o part_n will_v raise_v as_o much_o corn_n as_o all_o do_v in_o common_a and_o last_o enclosure_n can_v destroy_v tillage_n the_o staff_n of_o the_o country_n because_o it_o ever_o yield_v most_o profit_n nor_o will_v nor_o need_v all_o be_v convert_v to_o pasturage_v cain_n and_o abel_n be_v bear_v and_o plant_v together_o and_o ordain_v to_o live_v together_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o danger_n of_o one_o destroy_v the_o other_o tillage_n be_v likely_a to_o destroy_v pasturage_n because_o cain_n slay_v abel_n
but_o without_o a_o fear_n the_o ploughman_n and_o the_o shepherd_n may_v do_v best_a together_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n chap._n xiii_o show_v the_o excellency_n of_o tillage_n and_o the_o great_a profit_n thereof_o and_o the_o great_a advance_n be_v make_v out_o of_o several_a enclose_v country_n beyond_o champain_n as_o also_o the_o great_a improvement_n of_o heath_n moor_n and_o forest_n which_o will_v dismiss_v those_o needless_a fear_n of_o overthrow_v tillage_n now_o tillage_n yield_v the_o great_a profit_n to_o landlord_n or_o occupier_n profit_n study_v especial_o the_o good_a husband_n to_o convert_v thy_o land_n to_o the_o best_a profit_n and_o that_o be_v hold_v and_o maintain_v by_o all_o man_n to_o be_v by_o tillage_n else_o why_o do_v man_n give_v double_a rent_n to_o till_o and_o plough_v above_o what_o they_o do_v to_o graze_v and_o if_o thou_o be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v consider_v but_o the_o wood-land_n who_o before_o enclosure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v relieve_v by_o the_o fieldon_n with_o corn_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o now_o be_v grow_v as_o gallant_a corn_n country_n as_o be_v in_o england_n as_o the_o western_a part_n of_o warwickshire_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o worcestershire_n staffordshire_n shropshire_n darbyshire_n yorkshire_n and_o all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o all_o the_o chalk_n country_n both_o south_n and_o westward_o also_o consider_v the_o chiltern_n country_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o be_v it_o all_o enclose_v man_n will_v plough_v little_a or_o no_o whit_n less_o than_o now_o they_o do_v because_o nothing_o else_o nor_o no_o way_n else_o will_v yield_v the_o like_o advance_v consider_v hartfordshirex_n esse_fw-la kent_n surry_n sussex_n berkshire_n hampshire_n wiltshire_n somersetshire_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n all_z which_o not_o only_o raise_v corn_n for_o themselves_o but_o to_o supply_v that_o great_a city_n that_o spend_v as_o much_o as_o all_o those_o country_n and_o far_o more_o and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o england_n set_v at_o great_a rate_n or_o make_v great_a advantage_n by_o graze_v and_o yet_o the_o great_a part_n thereof_o upon_o tillage_n and_o corning_n and_o what_o country_n not_o almost_o though_o enclose_v yield_v the_o great_a profit_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o corn_n produce_v but_o if_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v be_v not_o enough_o i_o have_v enough_o i_o be_o sure_o before_o i_o have_v do_v as_o for_o your_o heathe_n moor_n and_o forrest_n land_n i_o shall_v only_o speak_v thus_o much_o that_o vast_a and_o incredulous_a be_v their_o capacity_n of_o improvement_n in_o general_a refer_v the_o particular_a way_n of_o improvement_n of_o every_o sort_n and_o differ_v nature_a land_n as_o they_o fall_v in_o the_o four_o or_o six_o piece_n of_o improvement_n to_o avoid_v prolixity_n because_o the_o very_a same_o ingredient_n composition_n and_o direction_n be_v suitable_o and_o natural_o appliable_a to_o these_o land_n as_o to_o those_o to_o which_o they_o be_v prescribe_v therefore_o i_o only_o say_v that_o all_o interest_n in_o these_o commons_o to_o or_o right_n of_o common_a pasture_n upon_o any_o of_o these_o land_n may_v without_o prejudice_n to_o any_o particular_a interest_n be_v advantage_v and_o much_o improvement_n make_v to_o the_o public_a i_o speak_v not_o to_o inright_a the_o usurper_n of_o right_n wrongful_o maintain_v or_o oppressor_n of_o any_o other_o man_n right_n i_o desire_v that_o right_o may_v only_o run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n first_o in_o general_a by_o the_o same_o method_n of_o enclose_v hold_v forth_o in_o this_o three_o general_a piece_n of_o improvement_n touch_v common_a field-land_n if_o thereto_o before_o enclosure_n you_o do_v but_o add_v the_o method_n or_o drought_n of_o first_o cast_v out_o your_o land_n advance_n and_o plot_v they_o into_o such_o plot_n and_o form_n so_o that_o where_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o capacity_n of_o bring_v thy_o land_n under_o any_o good_a stream_n or_o land-flood_n be_v sure_a to_o cast_v it_o for_o meadow_v have_v draw_v one_o master_n level_n float_v course_n throughout_o they_o whole_a plot_n of_o enclosure_n which_o may_v also_o serve_v as_o thy_o first_o division_n and_o to_o carry_v thy_o water_n along_o also_o to_o flow_v thy_o meadow_a thou_o shall_v make_v all_o under_o it_o fit_a that_o thou_o may_v not_o lose_v that_o opportunity_n now_o at_o first_o which_o after_o division_n make_v can_v be_v have_v of_o so_o great_a a_o improvement_n at_o so_o small_a a_o rate_n now_o at_o thy_o first_o contrivance_n thou_o may_v cast_v it_o under_o and_o then_o cast_v out_o all_o thy_o laud_n accorto_fw-la the_o most_o suitableness_n of_o they_o all_o to_o such_o improvement_n they_o lie_v under_o and_o then_o to_o the_o conveniency_n of_o each_o man_n right_a and_o interest_n and_o the_o great_a advancement_n upon_o these_o enclosure_n will_v be_v two_o the_o first_o give_v all_o ingenuous_a man_n a_o capacity_n to_o blow_n enclosure_n and_o till_o what_o they_o please_v thereof_o which_o will_v raise_v a_o double_a or_o treble_a advantage_n as_o to_o graze_v and_o a_o tenfold_o great_a advance_v as_o to_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o to_o some_o be_v worth_a nothing_o at_o all_o because_o of_o their_o remoteness_n to_o other_o but_o little_a because_o of_o some_o great_a oppressor_n near_o and_o neat_o seat_v upon_o the_o commons_o that_o drive_v other_o from_o it_o and_o to_o none_o what_o it_o may_v be_v as_o by_o right_a when_o he_o may_v use_v all_o his_o part_n purse_n and_o experience_n of_o husbandry_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n by_o improve_n it_o and_o it_o be_v and_o never_o be_v otherwise_o see_v that_o man_n will_v ever_o join_v together_o in_o one_o body_n to_o use_v their_o utmost_a to_o improve_v any_o of_o these_o land_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n for_o though_o common_a of_o pasture_n be_v man_n own_o inheritance_n and_o every_o man_n not_o know_v his_o lot_n common_a or_o portion_n how_o rare_o will_v they_o ever_o join_v or_o agree_v therein_o although_o they_o be_v all_o persuade_v of_o a_o probable_a great_a advancement_n yet_o one_o say_v i_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o great_a a_o advantage_n by_o it_o as_o my_o neighbour_n and_o another_o he_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v good_a for_o present_v but_o it_o will_v not_o last_v and_o a_o another_o say_v he_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o charge_n though_o he_o have_v as_o much_o land_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o so_o great_a a_o improvement_n and_o another_o say_v i_o can_v be_v well_o content_a to_o help_v on_o any_o public_a work_n if_o other_o will_v but_o for_o i_o to_o bestow_v cost_n and_o improve_v my_o land_n or_o commons_o for_o other_o that_o will_v bestow_v none_o to_o eat_v and_o bite_v up_o my_o cost_n much_o discourage_v he_o and_o indeed_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n for_o his_o backwardness_n and_o a_o thousand_o excuse_n and_o cavil_n there_o must_v be_v which_o though_o a_o wise_a man_n may_v easy_o answer_v yet_o never_o convince_v their_o judgement_n for_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o since_o their_o day_n and_o their_o forefather_n be_v as_o wise_a as_o they_o and_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v let_v it_o alone_o and_o ●_z take_v the_o present_a profit_n it_o yield_v and_o there_o be_v a_o end_n of_o their_o improvement_n and_o here_o i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o precedent_n which_o though_o it_o may_v as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o have_v come_v in_o more_o seasonable_o in_o the_o discourse_n about_o common_a field_n land_n yet_o here_o it_o be_v very_o natural_a also_o both_o as_o to_o the_o end_n i_o bring_v it_o for_o and_o for_o the_o discover_v a_o capacity_n of_o a_o vast_a improvement_n both_o upon_o itself_o and_o upon_o all_o other_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n there_o be_v many_o hundred_o if_o not_o thousand_o of_o acre_n of_o land_n near_o dunstable_n improvement_n in_o a_o valley_n under_o puddle_n or_o chalk-hill_n just_a under_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n a_o eminent_a place_n know_v well_o to_o most_o which_o i_o believe_v run_v both_o way_n far_o but_o on_o both_o side_n the_o rode-way_n to_o coventry_n and_o westchester_n the_o land_n lie_v with_o a_o little_a brook_n or_o stream_n run_v through_o it_o all_o which_o land_n if_o you_o observe_v they_o above_o half_a the_o year_n lie_v full_a of_o water_n if_o not_o under_o water_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v worth_a about_o five_o shilling_n a_o acre_n i_o be_o sure_a abundance_n of_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a three_o shilling_n and_o some_o not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n which_o if_o my_o judgement_n fail_v not_o may_v easy_o be_v drain_v and_o lay_v so_o sound_a and_o wholesome_a which_o be_v but_o that_o do_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o but_o according_a to_o the_o second_o piece_n of_o
appear_v by_o the_o natural_a growth_n of_o it_o in_o all_o country_n but_o for_o artificial_a plant_n i_o shall_v advise_v to_o a_o middle_n mix_v land_n wood_n yea_o though_o it_o be_v but_o barren_a it_o thrive_v excellent_o upon_o as_o barren_a land_n as_o any_o be_v in_o england_n the_o cold_a stiff_a clay_n be_v worst_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n your_o open_a loose_a land_n be_v best_a for_o any_o wood_n or_o fruit_n and_o the_o oak_n take_v not_o pleasure_n in_o your_o rich_a soil_n of_o all_o but_o i_o question_v not_o the_o well_o prosper_v of_o it_o there_o two_o &_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o so_o little_a of_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o your_o rich_a land_n may_v be_v because_o the_o land_n may_v or_o be_v put_v to_o a_o more_o profitable_a use_n for_o this_o i_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o in_o many_o part_n where_o land_n be_v rich_a and_o dear_a or_o lie_v near_o great_a town_n and_o let_v at_o great_a prize_n the_o wood_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o stifle_v and_o spoil_v by_o wood-stealer_n the_o land_n may_v turn_v to_o great_a profit_n yet_o however_o where_o land_n be_v good_a i_o shall_v advise_v to_o some_o wood_n though_o plant_v here_o &_o there_o a_o tree_n in_o hedg-row_n &_o where_o they_o may_v not_o prejudice_v the_o grass_n or_o shade_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v be_v not_o only_o a_o improvement_n in_o good_a measure_n of_o the_o land_n by_o add_v to_o the_o incom_a the_o fruit_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o grass_n but_o a_o honour_n &_o delight_n unto_o yourself_o and_o posterity_n the_o oak-mast_n make_v fat_a fast_a flesh_n and_o long_o last_a bacon_n and_o will_v feed_v dear_a sheep_n and_o poultry_n exceed_v well_o and_o profitable_o i_o have_v read_v of_o one_o oak_n in_o westphalia_n thickness_n from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o near_a bough_n one_o hundred_o &_o thirty_o foot_n and_o twelve_o foot_n thick_a and_o of_o another_o ten_o yard_n thick_a which_o may_v possible_o be_v but_o i_o be_o sure_a profit_n and_o honour_v sufficient_a will_v attend_v a_o ingenious_a plantation_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood._n this_o be_v most_o renown_a for_o ship_n or_o any_o the_o strong_a and_o most_o endure_a work_n or_o building_n or_o for_o the_o most_o curious_a wainscot_n or_o indeed_o for_o any_o use_n whatever_o i_o shall_v be_v brief_a in_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o that_o much_o that_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o plant_n of_o this_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o bark_n be_v of_o as_o great_a worth_n as_o of_o need_n and_o use_v the_o beech_n be_v also_o a_o mast-tree_n fruit_n and_o very_o useful_a and_o profitable_a both_o in_o the_o body_n branch_n and_o fruit_n thereof_o the_o body_n be_v very_o good_a timber_n for_o the_o joiner_n use_n and_o for_o the_o husbandman_n for_o axol-tree_n and_o for_o much_o building_n and_o the_o bough_n for_o fire_v and_o the_o fruit_n for_o feed_v hog_n and_o deer_n and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o for_o poultry_n or_o sheep_n but_o it_o make_v meat_n sweet_a and_o delicate_a light_n of_o digestion_n but_o not_o so_o long_o last_v as_o pea_n or_o acorn_n it_o delight_v most_o in_o your_o warm_a land_n it_o grow_v well_o upon_o gravelly_a land_n and_o land_n very_o stony_a and_o in_o the_o chiltern_n country_n and_o sandy_a ground_n and_o balk_v not_o the_o barren_a land_n like_v well_o and_o better_a the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n than_o the_o plain_a the_o bark_n thereof_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o float_n of_o fishing-net_n and_o pantofel_n for_o winter_n and_o if_o you_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o bark_n they_o die_v this_o wood_n grow_v somewhat_o quick_a than_o the_o oak_n and_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o some_o country_n than_o to_o other_o especial_o your_o wood-land_n part_n the_o elm_n grow_v easy_o describe_v it_o be_v all_o heart_n if_o it_o be_v fall_v in_o his_o season_n which_o be_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v full_o and_o clear_o down_o in_o the_o root_n betwixt_o november_n and_o february_n it_o take_v great_a delight_n in_o ditch-bank_n and_o dry_a place_n they_o will_v grow_v thick_a of_o any_o wood_n whatever_o and_o prosper_v and_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o most_o advantageous_a plant_v they_o be_v in_o hedg-row_n or_o in_o little_a plumb_n of_o themselves_o as_o for_o the_o elm-seed_n i_o can_v say_v but_o little_a because_o i_o never_o make_v experience_n thereof_o only_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o male_a and_o a_o female_a of_o the_o elm_n and_o that_o the_o male_a elm_n bear_v seeed_o and_o not_o the_o female_a which_o if_o it_o do_v than_o the_o seed_n when_o it_o be_v ripe_a may_v be_v sow_v as_o other_o seed_n be_v upon_o a_o bed_n by_o themselves_o and_o fine_a mould_n sift_v and_o cast_v upon_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a they_o as_o other_o seed_n must_v be_v water_v and_o so_o sow_v in_o little_a row_n that_o a_o little_a trench_n be_v betwixt_o row_n and_o row_n that_o they_o may_v not_o root_v one_o into_o and_o upon_o another_o but_o so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v take_v up_o again_o with_o more_o ease_n to_o remove_v and_o transplant_v where_o you_o please_v you_o may_v get_v set_v of_o the_o very_a root_n which_o sprout_v forth_o of_o it_o and_o set_v they_o and_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o very_o many_o affirm_v that_o any_o elm_n or_o a_o very_a chip_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v firm_a &_o proud_a will_v grow_v unto_o a_o set._n but_o this_o i_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n of_o credit_n as_o a_o speedy_a &_o unfailing_a to_o raise_v elm-sets_a or_o plant_n elm-plant_n which_o be_v dig_v round_o about_o a_o well-grown_a elm_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o from_o the_o body_n unto_o many_o or_o most_o of_o the_o master-root_n and_o cleanse_v away_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o cut_v the_o root_n almost_o quite_o through_o with_o a_o axe_n and_o so_o serve_v most_o of_o the_o root_n and_o if_o you_o cut_v some_o full_a through_o you_o may_v and_o forth_o of_o both_o those_o end_n of_o the_o root_n you_o cut_v or_o 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the_o great_a height_n and_o length_n of_o any_o wood_n in_o england_n the_o ash_n be_v also_o a_o gallaut_n quick-thriving_a wood_n ash._n but_o it_o take_v not_o so_o much_o pleasure_n in_o a_o hard_a barren_a mountainous_a land_n as_o the_o oak_n or_o beech_n do_v it_o will_v grow_v in_o good_a land_n and_o in_o land_n of_o any_o nature_n or_o temperature_n almost_o what_o be_v ever_o it_o will_v thrive_v reasonable_a well_o upon_o a_o boggy_a ground_n so_o the_o same_o be_v deep_o trench_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o lay_v dry_a and_o sound_a it_o delight_v itself_o in_o dry_a sound_a land_n and_o will_v grow_v very_o fast_o if_o it_o like_v the_o land_n fast_a than_o any_o
for_o make_v leap_v &_o instrument_n to_o catch_v fish_n in_o the_o osier_n be_v quick_a of_o grow_v &_o very_o profitable_a in_o its_o use_n you_o may_v plant_v they_o where_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o for_o that_o they_o have_v but_o time_n now_o &_o then_o to_o lie_v dry_a they_o will_v prosper_v no_o less_o there_o than_o elsewhere_o you_o may_v maintain_v some_o stander_n here_o and_o there_o of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n groat_n to_o make_v big_a splent_n or_o supporter_n for_o your_o great_a work_n the_o lime_n tree_n be_v also_o new_o discover_v as_o useful_a in_o our_o english_a plantation_n tree_n but_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v of_o great_a credit_n among_o our_o gentry_n it_o thrive_v exceed_o well_o upon_o middling_a land_n make_v a_o fine_a flourish_a tree_n and_o be_v head_v and_o set_v in_o walk_n in_o roe_n make_v a_o very_a gallant_a shady_a walk_n they_o begin_v to_o be_v much_o plant_v about_o london_n surrey_n kent_z essex_n etc._n etc._n it_o carry_v a_o very_a fair_a smooth_a leaf_n somewhat_o like_o the_o beech_n tree_n and_o as_o for_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_v they_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o leave_v each_o man_n to_o his_o own_o experience_n &_o trial_n till_o i_o have_v further_o experiment_v they_o and_o shall_v say_v that_o they_o be_v most_o probable_o exceed_v profitable_a and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o other_o wood_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_v may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v apply_v to_o this_o so_o i_o have_v do_v for_o present_a discourse_n which_o particular_n if_o thou_o have_v serious_o peruse_v although_o thou_o have_v pass_v many_o thing_n offensive_a possible_o which_o have_v be_v the_o author_n desire_v just_o to_o administer_v and_o if_o any_o thing_n unjust_o have_v offend_v he_o be_v very_o sorry_a and_o hope_n and_o very_o believe_v it_o either_o arise_v from_o want_n of_o a_o clear_a representation_n of_o his_o 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thy_o ear_n and_o what_o i_o have_v also_o see_v as_o other_o man_n i_o have_v represent_v they_o in_o truth_n as_o near_o as_o my_o ability_n be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o they_o or_o i_o able_a to_o receive_v their_o information_n therefore_o i_o have_v acquaint_v thou_o where_o thou_o may_v discover_v truth_n in_o all_o and_o if_o i_o have_v take_v any_o thing_n up_o by_o bare_a information_n it_o may_v fail_v in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o i_o hope_v and_o do_v in_o good_a measure_n know_v it_o do_v not_o nor_o shall_v not_o fail_v in_o the_o substance_n thereof_o and_o if_o i_o shall_v here_o but_o make_v good_a or_o clear_o hold_v out_o a_o double_a improvement_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a acceptance_n to_o i_o it_o have_v beeen_n worthy_a respect_n and_o imition_n when_o i_o can_v but_o advance_v any_o land_n good_a one_o half_a or_o three_o part_n by_o any_o information_n but_o if_o i_o have_v make_v out_o clear_o to_o the_o nation_n the_o several_a opportunity_n of_o such_o vast_a improvement_n that_o there_o be_v such_o land_n and_o such_o capacity_n to_o advance_v they_o as_o i_o have_v hold_v forth_o in_o my_o title_n page_n &_o have_v also_o as_o true_o show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v do_v already_o and_o may_v be_v do_v for_o future_a with_o the_o several_a way_n rule_n dnd_o mean_n for_o their_o accomplishment_n &_o that_o also_o at_o so_o rational_a easy_a and_o familiar_a cost_n and_o charge_n and_o principal_o and_o chief_o by_o the_o poor_a man_n labour_n who_o cry_v for_o it_o and_o must_v have_v it_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v accomt_v or_o at_o least_o not_o scandalize_v as_o a_o projector_n but_o as_o a_o poor_a and_o faithful_a servant_n to_o his_o generation_n farewell_o the_o second_o part_n of_o england_n improvement_n now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o my_o discourse_n according_a to_o my_o promse_n and_o shall_v therein_o endeavour_v the_o most_o clear_a and_o can_v do_v discovery_n of_o six_o more_o piece_n of_o improvement_n all_o of_o they_o the_o most_o advantageous_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o under_o all_o capacity_n have_v yet_o ever_o be_v discover_v some_o whereof_o and_o very_o many_o i_o yet_o never_o read_v one_o word_n of_o nor_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v out_o or_o hear_v have_v yet_o ever_o be_v publish_v unless_o you_o please_v to_o take_v that_o for_o a_o discovery_n which_o be_v by_o a_o subintelligitur_fw-la as_o i_o conceive_v mr._n speed_v that_o superlative_a improver_n and_o some_o such_o other_o to_o who_o can_v they_o make_v good_a but_o one_o quarter_n of_o what_o they_o affirm_v they_o neither_o can_v want_v money_n clothes_n nor_o scholar_n i_o know_v some_o of_o the_o succeed_a particular_n be_v the_o deep_a mystery_n he_o will_v impart_v for_o composition_n &_o how_o he_o come_v by_o many_o of_o they_o too_o but_o that_o they_o be_v many_o of_o they_o of_o his_o own_o experience_n or_o to_o that_o advance_v he_o speak_v of_o i_o affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o much_o fear_v the_o news_n he_o tell_v we_o too_o good_a to_o be_v true_a the_o man_n i_o know_v and_o have_v converse_v with_o he_o and_o have_v know_v he_o some_o late_a year_n and_o while_o his_o book_n be_v private_a and_o convey_v into_o noble_a and_o gentleman_n hand_n particular_o by_o himself_o and_o his_o own_o agent_n i_o can_v bear_v it_o and_o suffer_v wise_a than_o myself_o to_o be_v fool_v because_o i_o be_v not_o wise_a enough_o as_o to_o beware_v of_o he_o but_o now_o they_o come_v to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o stationer_n shop_n and_o spread_v abroad_o the_o country_n to_o deceive_v and_o beguile_v the_o nation_n i_o can_v forbear_v he_o tell_v we_o his_o discovery_n be_v amethodical_o distribute_v and_o so_o they_o be_v just_a as_o if_o you_o shall_v put_v a_o man_n to_o his_o choic_a whether_o if_o a_o man_n will_v give_v another_o as_o willing_o two_o hundred_o pound_n as_o one_o and_o will_v give_v he_o the_o two_o hundred_o pound_n first_o too_o whether_o he_o will_v choose_v the_o one_o hundred_o pound_n so_o after_o he_o have_v first_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o certainty_n to_o raise_v two_o thousond_a pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la with_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o pound_n stock_n which_o i_o wonder_v who_o will_v refuse_v and_o close_o with_o another_o of_o his_o offer_n which_o be_v with_o five_o hundred_o pound_n stock_n to_o raise_v a_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o of_o the_o two_o be_v more_o probable_a yet_o less_o desirable_a than_o the_o former_a but_o both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v effect_v with_o money_n yet_o methinks_v i_o can_v hearken_v to_o his_o four_o particular_a which_o be_v to_o discover_v a_o way_n without_o charge_n whereby_o a_o industrious_a man_n of_o a_o reasonable_a capacity_n and_o
the_o flaunders_n husbandry_n but_o shall_v affirm_v that_o one_o acre_n after_o the_o corn_n be_v cut_v the_o very_a next_o year_n if_o it_o be_v well_o husbandryed_a and_o kind_a thick_a claver_fw-la may_v be_v worth_a twenty_o mark_n or_o twelve_o pound_n and_o so_o downward_o as_o it_o degenerate_v weak_a less_o worth_a in_o brabant_n they_o speak_v of_o keep_v four_o cow_n winter_n and_o summer_n some_o cut_n and_o lay_v up_o for_o fodder_n other_o cut_v and_o eat_v green_a but_o i_o have_v credible_o hear_v of_o some_o in_o england_n that_o upon_o about_o one_o acre_n have_v keep_v four_o coach_n horse_n and_o more_o all_o summer_n long_o but_o if_o it_o keep_v but_o two_o cow_n it_o be_v advantage_n enough_o upon_o such_o land_n as_o never_o keep_v one_o but_o i_o conceive_v best_a for_o we_o until_o we_o be_v come_v into_o a_o stock_n of_o seed_n to_o mow_v the_o first_o crop_n in_o the_o midst_n or_o end_n of_o may_n and_o lay_v that_o up_o for_o hay_n although_o it_o will_v go_v very_o near_o together_o yet_o if_o it_o grow_v not_o too_o strong_a it_o will_v be_v exceed_o good_a and_o rich_a and_o feed_v any_o thing_n and_o reserve_v the_o next_o for_o seed_n and_o if_o we_o can_v bring_v it_o up_o to_o perfect_a seed_n and_o it_o will_v but_o yield_v four_o bushel_n upon_o a_o acre_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o more_o than_o i_o speak_v of_o by_o far_o every_o bushel_n be_v wooth_a three_o or_o four_o pound_n a_o bushel_n and_o then_o the_o after_o math_n or_o eadish_n that_o year_n may_v put_v up_o three_o middling_a runt_n upon_o a_o acre_n and_o feed_v they_o up_o all_o which_o lay_v together_o will_v make_v up_o a_o improvement_n sufficient_a clover_v and_o yet_o this_o propety_n it_o have_v also_o that_o after_o the_o three_o or_o four_o first_o year_n of_o clover_v it_o will_v so_o frame_v the_o earth_n that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o fit_a to_o corn_n again_o which_o will_v be_v a_o very_a great_a advantage_n first_o to_o corn_n your_o land_n which_o usual_a yield_v a_o far_o better_a profit_n than_o graze_v and_o sometime_o a_o double_a profit_n and_o sometime_o more_o near_o a_o treble_a profit_n and_o then_o to_o clover_n it_o again_o which_o will_v afford_v a_o treble_a fourfold_a yea_o 10_o or_o 12_o fold_n advance_v if_o not_o more_o and_o so_o if_o you_o consider_v one_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o claver_fw-la and_o husbandry_n thereof_o may_v stand_v you_o the_o first_o year_n in_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n the_o three_o other_o year_n not_o above_o ten_o shilling_n the_o land_n be_v worth_n no_o more_o which_o may_v produce_v you_o yearly_o easy_o five_o six_o or_o eight_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la per_fw-la acre_n nay_o some_o will_v affirm_v ten_o or_o twelve_o pound_n or_o more_o then_o most_o of_o my_o improvement_n promise_v be_v make_v good_a as_o in_o my_o frontspiece_n be_v he_o will_v forth_o under_v this_o first_o piece_n of_o improvement_n chap._n xxvii_o speak_v of_o the_o usage_n of_o st._n foin_n and_o la-lucern_a i_o proceed_v to_o the_o discover_v of_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o st._n foin_v a_o french_a grass_n of_o which_o i_o mnst_a use_n plain_a deal_n and_o not_o put_v my_o reader_n upon_o improbable_a experiment_n as_o be_v my_o chief_a aim_n and_o as_o in_o some_o part_n of_o my_o former_a discourse_n i_o promise_v to_o bring_v down_o to_o our_o practice_n some_o outlandish_a experiment_n which_o be_v hint_v at_o and_o discover_v unto_o mr._n hartlib_n by_o letter_n to_o be_v a_o great_a deficiency_n to_o we_o in_o our_o improvement_n the_o non-practice_n thereof_o so_o i_o must_v and_o will_v hold_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o i_o can_v make_v proof_n of_o to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o myself_o have_v not_o make_v a_o full_a experiment_n thereof_o only_o i_o have_v sow_v of_o it_o this_o year_n shall_v give_v the_o relation_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o husbandry_n thereof_o and_o the_o fruit_n you_o may_v rational_o expect_v and_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v sow_v and_o so_o leave_v it_o and_o you_o to_o your_o own_o experience_n and_o god_n blessing_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o the_o description_n of_o it_o as_o a_o herbalist_n because_o as_o in_o this_o so_o in_o no_o other_o be_v it_o my_o design_n to_o search_v out_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o herb_n or_o plant_n in_o itself_o but_o as_o it_o be_v most_o profitable_a or_o useful_a for_o my_o main_a design_n the_o improvement_n of_o land_n st._n eoyn_n be_v a_o french_a grass_n much_o sow_v there_o foyn_n upon_o their_o barren_a dry_a hasky_a land_n and_o sometime_o in_o our_o garden_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o be_v much_o sow_v call_v the_o french_a honysuckel_n it_o be_v of_o one_o excellent_a property_n yield_v abundance_n of_o milk_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n may_v be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o many_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n it_o grow_v best_a as_o it_o be_v say_v upon_o the_o barren_a land_n hilly_a and_o mountainous_a which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v upon_o this_o score_n because_o it_o be_v render_v to_o be_v worth_a but_o nine_o or_o ten_o shilling_n a_o acre_n which_o some_o will_v not_o think_v worth_a experiment_n but_o if_o so_o and_o it_o will_v grow_v upon_o our_o worst_a land_n i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v thousand_o thousand_o of_o acre_n in_o england_n not_o worth_a one_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o if_o that_o be_v sow_v upon_o such_o land_n it_o will_v with_o one_o sow_v advance_v it_o to_o that_o worth_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o divers_a year_n it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a our_o imitation_n and_o practice_n it_o will_v raise_v betwixt_o a_o load_n and_o a_o half_a and_o two_o load_n of_o a_o acre_n beside_o it_o be_v render_v to_o have_v another_o excellent_a quality_n which_o be_v not_o to_o barrennize_v land_n but_o to_o better_a or_o fatten_v it_o and_o after_o seven_o year_n grow_v it_o so_o root_v large_a and_o many_o somewhat_o like_o liquorish_a that_o the_o plough_v up_o of_o they_o be_v a_o very_a good_a soil_n and_o much_o fatten_v the_o land_n for_o corn_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o soard_v land_n the_o first_o year_n a_o great_a advantage_n it_o have_v be_v sow_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n as_o in_o cobham_n park_n in_o kent_n etc._n etc._n where_o it_o thrive_v very_o well_o upon_o chalky_a dry_a bank_n the_o seed_n be_v first_o to_o be_v have_v out_o of_o france_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o about_o three_o penny_n or_o a_o groat_n a_o pound_n but_o here_o it_o be_v sell_v very_o dear_a at_o nine_o penny_n ten_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n a_o pound_n this_o yrar_n it_o be_v most_o like_a a_o parsnip_n seed_n only_o a_o little_a brown_a in_o colour_n and_o somewhat_o round_a and_o full_a make_v like_o a_o oyster_n it_o be_v very_a light_n and_o so_o many_o pound_n go_v to_o a_o strike_v and_o it_o must_v be_v sow_v far_o more_o in_o quantity_n than_o you_o do_v the_o claver_fw-la seed_n because_o it_o be_v so_o great_a a_o seed_n for_o ever_o the_o small_a the_o seed_n the_o further_a it_o go_v i_o conceive_v for_o every_o pound_n of_o claver_fw-la you_o sow_v you_o have_v need_n sow_v two_o of_o this_o if_o not_o more_o but_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o own_o experience_n you_o will_v easy_o find_v a_o fit_a proportion_n upon_o the_o first_o trial_n but_o the_o thick_a the_o close_o it_o grow_v and_o stock_n the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o destroy_v other_o seed_n or_o weed_n the_o manner_n of_o sow_v it_o may_v be_v with_o oat_n or_o barley_n &_o so_o much_o as_o grow_v up_o with_o the_o barley_n may_v be_v cut_v with_o it_o it_o and_o then_o preserve_v or_o else_o if_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a it_o may_v be_v moe_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n and_o then_o preserve_v it_o for_o mow_v for_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n after_o for_o by_o that_o time_n it_o will_v have_v lose_v the_o spirit_n of_o it_o and_o be_v overcome_v by_o our_o english_a grass_n and_o then_o be_v fit_a to_o plough_v for_o corn_n again_o but_o if_o man_n will_v be_v at_o charge_n the_o best_a way_n commend_v to_o i_o be_v this_o to_o prepare_v your_o land_n and_o make_v they_o fine_a as_o when_o you_o sow_v barley_n and_o then_o plough_v in_o these_o seed_n as_o the_o great_a gardener_n do_v their_o pease_n yet_o not_o altogether_o at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n but_o yet_o let_v they_o make_v their_o range_n near_o a_o foot_n distance_n one_o betwixt_o another_o and_o the_o grass_n will_v flourish_v like_o pease_n especial_o if_o they_o draw_v the_o plough_n throng_v they_o once_o or_o twice_o that_o summer_n to_o destroy_v all_o the_o weed_n but_o whereas_o