so_o trade_v for_o on_o borrow_a money_n be_v but_o the_o ouâ—â—ballance_n of_o our_o exportation_n to_o our_o importation_n the_o kingdom_n get_v by_o this_o borrow_v so_o much_o as_o whatsoever_o the_o merchant_n gain_n be_v above_o his_o use._n but_o if_o we_o borrow_v only_o for_o our_o own_o expense_n we_o grow_v double_o poor_a by_o pay_v money_n for_o the_o commodity_n we_o consume_v and_o use_v for_o that_o money_n though_o the_o merchant_n get_v all_o this_o while_n by_o make_v return_v great_a than_o his_o use._n and_o therefore_o borrow_v of_o foreigner_n in_o itself_o make_v not_o the_o kingdom_n rich_a or_o poor_a for_o it_o may_v do_v either_o but_o spend_v more_o than_o our_o fruit_n or_o manufacture_n will_v pay_v for_o bring_v in_o poverty_n and_o poverty_n borrow_v for_o money_n as_o necessary_a to_o trade_n may_v be_v double_o consider_v first_o as_o in_o his_o hand_n that_o pay_v the_o labourer_n and_o land-holder_n for_o here_o its_o motion_n terminate_v and_o through_o who_o hand_n soever_o it_o pass_v between_o these_o he_o be_v but_o a_o broker_n and_o if_o this_o man_n want_v money_n as_o for_o example_n the_o clothier_n the_o manufacture_n be_v not_o make_v and_o so_o the_o trade_n stop_v and_o be_v lose_v or_o second_o money_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consumer_n under_o which_o name_n i_o here_o reckon_v the_o merchant_n who_o buy_v the_o commodity_n when_o make_v to_o export_v and_o if_o he_o want_v money_n the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n when_o make_v be_v lessen_v and_o so_o the_o kingdom_n lose_v in_o the_o price_n if_o therefore_o use_v he_o lessenedâ—_n and_o you_o can_v tie_v foreigner_n to_o your_o term_n than_o the_o ill_a effect_n fall_v only_o upon_o your_o own_o landholders_n and_o artisan_n if_o foreigner_n can_v be_v force_v by_o your_o law_n to_o lend_v you_o money_n only_o at_o your_o own_o rate_n or_o not_o lend_v at_o all_o be_v it_o not_o more_o likely_a they_o will_v rather_o take_v it_o home_o and_o think_v it_o safe_o in_o their_o own_o country_n at_o four_o per_fw-la câ—nt_fw-la than_o abroad_o nor_o can_v their_o overplus_n of_o money_n bring_v they_o to_o lend_v to_o you_o on_o your_o term_n for_o when_o your_o merchant_n want_v of_o money_n shall_v have_v sink_v the_o price_n of_o your_o market_n a_o dutchman_n will_v find_v it_o more_o gain_n to_o buy_v your_o commodity_n himself_o than_o lend_v his_o money_n at_o four_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o trade_n with_o nor_o will_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n hinder_v their_o come_n by_o make_v they_o come_v empty_a since_o even_o al-already_a there_o be_v those_o who_o think_v that_o many_o who_o go_v for_o english_a merchant_n be_v but_o dutch_a factor_n and_o trade_n for_o other_o in_o their_o own_o name_n the_o kingdom_n therefore_o will_v lose_v by_o it_o if_o it_o make_v foreigner_n withdraw_v any_o of_o their_o money_n as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o hinder_v any_o of_o your_o people_n from_o lend_v they_o where_o trade_n have_v need_n of_o it_o in_o a_o treatise_n write_v on_o purpose_n for_o the_o bring_n down_o of_o interest_n i_o find_v this_o argument_n of_o foreigner_n call_v away_o their_o money_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o our_o trade_n thus_o answer_v that_o the_o money_n of_o foreigner_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o land_n by_o read_v 〈◊〉_d bullion_n but_o by_o good_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o when_o it_o be_v pay_v must_v be_v return_v by_o good_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o there_o will_v not_o be_v the_o less_o money_n in_o the_o land_n i_o can_v not_o but_o wonder_v to_o see_v a_o man_n who_o undertake_v to_o write_v of_o money_n and_o interest_n talk_v so_o direct_o beside_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o business_n of_o trade_n foreigner_n money_n he_o say_v be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o land_n by_o ready_a coin_n or_o bullion_n but_o by_o good_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n how_o then_o do_v we_o come_v by_o pullion_n or_o money_n for_o gold_n grow_v not_o that_o i_o know_v in_o our_o country_n and_o silver_n so_o little_a that_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o silver_n we_o have_v now_o in_o england_n be_v not_o draw_v out_o of_o any_o mine_n in_o this_o island_n if_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o moneyed_a man_n in_o holland_n who_o put_v out_o his_o money_n at_o interest_n here_o do_v not_o send_v it_o over_o in_o pullion_n or_o specie_fw-la hither_o that_o may_v be_v true_a or_o false_a but_o either_o way_n help_v not_o that_o author_n purpose_n for_o if_o he_o pay_v his_o money_n to_o a_o merchant_n his_o neighbour_n and_o take_v his_o pill_n for_o it_o here_o in_o england_n he_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o if_o he_o have_v send_v over_o that_o money_n since_o he_o do_v but_o make_v that_o merchant_n 〈◊〉_d in_o england_n the_o money_n which_o â—e_n have_v due_a to_o he_o there_o and_o otherwise_o will_v carry_v away_o 〈◊〉_d say_v our_o author_n 〈…〉_z i_o must_v not_o be_v pay_v and_o export_v in_o ready_a money_n so_o say_v our_o law_n indeed_o but_o that_o be_v a_o law_n to_o hedge_v in_o the_o cookoe_n and_o serve_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o if_o we_o export_v not_o good_n for_o which_o our_o merchant_n have_v money_n due_a to_o they_o in_o holland_n how_o can_v it_o be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o for_o goods_n 100_o l._n worth_n of_o good_n can_v no_o where_o pay_n 200_o l._n in_o money_n this_o be_v that_o which_o i_o find_v many_o man_n deceive_v themselves_o with_o in_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o make_v it_o a_o little_a plain_o let_v we_o suppose_v england_n people_v as_o it_o be_v now_o and_o its_o woollen_a manufacture_n in_o the_o same_o state_n and_o perfection_n that_o it_o be_v at_o present_a and_o that_o we_o have_v no_o money_n at_o all_o trade_n with_o this_o our_o woollen_a manufacture_n for_o the_o value_n of_o 200000_o l._n yearly_a to_o spain_n where_o there_o actual_o be_v a_o million_o in_o money_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o we_o bring_v back_o from_o spain_n yearly_a in_o oil_n wine_n and_o fruit_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o l._n and_o continue_v to_o do_v this_o ten_o year_n together_o it_o be_v plain_a we_o have_v have_v for_o our_o two_o million_o value_n in_o woollen_a manufacture_n carry_v thither_o one_o million_o return_v in_o wine_n oil_n and_o fruit_n but_o what_o be_v become_v of_o â—_o other_o million_o will_v the_o merchant_n be_v content_a to_o lose_v it_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a they_o will_v not_o nor_o have_v trade_v on_o if_o they_o have_v not_o every_o year_n return_v make_v answer_v their_o exportation_n how_o then_o be_v the_o return_v make_v in_o money_n it_o be_v evident_a for_o the_o spaniard_n have_v in_o such_o a_o trade_n no_o debt_n nor_o the_o possibility_n of_o any_o debt_n in_o england_n can_v pay_v one_o farthing_n of_o that_o other_o million_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o have_v no_o commodity_n that_o we_o will_v take_v off_o above_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la they_o can_v pay_v we_o in_o commodity_n from_o whence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la wherein_o we_o overbalance_n they_o in_o trade_n must_v be_v pay_v we_o in_o money_n and_o so_o at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n their_o million_o of_o money_n though_o their_o law_n make_v it_o death_n to_o export_v it_o will_v be_v all_o bring_v into_o englâ—nd_n as_o in_o truth_n by_o this_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o money_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o england_n out_o of_o spain_n let_v we_o suppose_v ourselves_o now_o possess_v of_o this_o million_o of_o money_n and_o export_v yearly_a out_o of_o england_n to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o worldâ—_n consumable_a commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o million_o but_o import_v yearly_o in_o commodity_n which_o we_o consume_v among_o we_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 1100000_o l._n if_o such_o a_o tâ—â—de_n as_o this_o be_v manage_v among_o we_o and_o continue_v ten_o yâ—â—â—s_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o million_o of_o money_n will_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o year_n be_v inevitable_o all_o go_v from_o we_o to_o they_o by_o the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o come_v to_o we_o that_o be_v by_o their_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n for_o we_o import_v every_o year_n 100000_o l._n worth_n of_o commodity_n more_o than_o we_o export_v and_o there_o be_v no_o foreigner_n that_o will_v give_v we_o 100000_o l._n every_o year_n for_o nothing_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a that_o 100000_o l._n of_o our_o money_n must_v go_v out_o every_o year_n to_o pay_v for_o that_o overplus_n which_o our_o commodity_n do_v not_o pay_v for_o and_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a
pass_v in_o trade_n be_v true_o one_o consist_v in_o proportion_n you_o alter_v this_o as_o you_o do_v all_o other_o proportion_n whether_o you_o increase_v one_o or_o lessen_v the_o other_o in_o all_o other_o commodity_n the_o owner_n when_o they_o design_v they_o for_o traffic_n endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v to_o have_v they_o vent_v and_o go_v i._n e._n remove_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n by_o consumption_n exportation_n or_o lay_v up_o which_o vent_n be_v sometime_o slow_a and_o sometime_o quick_a but_o money_n never_o lie_v upon_o people_n hand_n or_o want_v vent_n for_o any_o one_o may_v part_v with_o it_o in_o exchange_n when_o he_o please_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o public_a and_o almost_o every_o body_n be_v to_o keep_v it_o from_o vent_v or_o consume_v i._n e._n exportation_n or_o hoard_v up_o which_o be_v its_o proper_a consumption_n the_o vent_n of_o money_n therefore_o be_v always_o sufficient_a or_o more_o than_o enough_o its_o quantity_n alone_o be_v enough_o to_o regulate_v and_o determine_v its_o value_n without_o consider_v any_o proportion_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o vent_n as_o in_o other_o commodity_n 10._o therefore_o lessen_v of_o use_n not_o bring_v one_o penny_n of_o money_n more_o into_o the_o trade_n or_o exchange_n of_o any_o country_n but_o rather_o draw_v it_o away_o from_o trade_n and_o so_o make_v it_o less_o do_v not_o at_o all_o sink_v its_o value_n and_o make_v it_o buy_v less_o of_o any_o commodity_n but_o rather_o more_o 11._o that_o which_o raise_v the_o natural_a interest_n of_o money_n be_v the_o same_o that_o raise_v the_o rent_n of_o land_n i._n e._n its_o aptness_n to_o bring_v in_o yearly_a to_o he_o that_o manage_n it_o a_o great_a overplus_n of_o income_n above_o his_o rent_n as_o a_o reward_n to_o his_o labour_n that_o which_o cause_v this_o in_o land_n be_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o its_o product_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o same_o vent_n of_o that_o particular_a fruit_n or_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o product_n in_o proportion_n to_o a_o great_a vent_n of_o that_o single_a commodity_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v increase_v of_o profit_n to_o the_o borrower_n of_o money_n be_v the_o less_o quantity_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o trade_n or_o to_o the_o vent_n of_o all_o commodity_n take_v together_o &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la 12._o the_o natural_a value_n of_o money_n as_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o yield_v such_o a_o yearly_a income_n by_o interest_n depend_v on_o the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o the_o then_o pass_v money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n the_o general_a vent_n of_o all_o the_o commodity_n but_o the_o natural_a value_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_v for_o any_o one_o commodity_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o trade_n money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n design_v for_o that_o commodity_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o single_a commodity_n and_o its_o vent_n for_o though_o any_o single_a man_n necessity_n and_o want_n either_o of_o money_n or_o any_o species_n of_o commodity_n be_v know_v may_v make_v he_o pay_v dear_a for_o money_n or_o that_o commodity_n yet_o this_o be_v but_o a_o particular_a case_n that_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n alter_v this_o constant_a and_o general_a rule_n 13._o that_o suppose_v wheat_n a_o stand_a measure_n that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v constant_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o its_o vent_n we_o shall_v find_v money_n to_o run_v the_o same_o variety_n of_o change_n in_o its_o value_n as_o all_o other_o commodity_n do_v now_o that_o wheat_n in_o england_n do_v come_v near_o to_o a_o stand_a measure_n be_v evident_a by_o compare_v wheat_n with_o other_o commodity_n money_n and_o the_o yearly_a income_n of_o land_n in_o hen._n 7._o time_n and_o now_o for_o suppose_v 1_o hen._n 7._o n._n let_v 100_o acre_n of_o land_n to_o a._n for_o 6_o d._n per_fw-la an._n per_fw-la acre_n rack-rentâ—_a and_o to_o b._n another_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n oâ—_n the_o same_o soil_n and_o yearly_a worth_n with_o the_o former_a for_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n per_fw-la acreâ—_n rack-rent_a a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n about_o that_o time_n be_v probable_o sell_v for_o about_o 6_o d._n it_o be_v then_o a_o equal_a rent_n if_o therefore_o these_o lease_n be_v for_o year_n yet_o to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o that_o pay_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la acre_n will_v pay_v now_o 50_o s._n per_fw-la an._n and_o he_o that_o pay_v a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n per_fw-la acre_n will_v pay_v about_o 25_o l._n per_fw-la an._n which_o will_v be_v neâ—r_n about_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o landâ—_n be_v it_o to_o be_v let_v now_o the_o reason_n where_o of_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v ten_o time_n aâ—_n much_o silver_n now_o in_o the_o world_n the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_a have_v make_v the_o plenty_n as_o there_o be_v then_o it_o be_v 9_o 1â—_n less_o worth_a now_o than_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v it_o will_v exchange_v for_o 9_o 1â—_n less_o of_o any_o commodity_n now_o which_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o its_o vent_n as_o it_o do_v 200_o year_n since_o which_o of_o all_o other_o commoditiesâ—_n wheat_n be_v likely_a to_o do_v for_o in_o england_n and_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wheat_n be_v thâ—_n constant_a and_o most_o general_a food_n not_o alter_v with_o the_o fashion_n not_o grow_v by_o chance_n but_o as_o the_o farmer_n sow_n more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o proportion_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v guess_v to_o the_o consumption_n abstract_v the_o overplus_a of_o the_o precedent_a year_n in_o their_o provision_n for_o the_o next_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la it_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o that_o it_o keep_v the_o near_a proportion_n to_o its_o consumption_n which_o be_v more_o study_v and_o design_v in_o this_o than_o other_o commodity_n of_o any_o thing_n if_o you_o take_v it_o for_o 7_o or_o 20_o year_n together_o though_o perhaps_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o one_o year_n cause_v by_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o season_n may_v very_o much_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o immediate_o precedent_n or_o the_o follow_v wheat_n therefore_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o constant_a general_a food_n of_o any_o other_o country_n be_v the_o fit_a measure_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o alter_a value_n of_o thing_n in_o any_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o wheat_n here_o rice_n in_o turkey_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o fit_a thing_n to_o reserve_v a_o rent_n in_o which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v constant_o the_o same_o for_o all_o future_a age_n but_o money_n be_v the_o best_a measure_n of_o the_o alter_a value_n of_o thing_n in_o a_o few_o year_n because_o its_o vent_n be_v the_o same_o and_o its_o quantity_n alter_v slow_o but_o wheat_n or_o any_o other_o grain_n can_v serve_v instead_o of_o mony_n because_o of_o its_o bulkiness_n and_o too_o quick_a change_n of_o its_o quantity_n for_o have_v i_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v i_o 100_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n next_o year_n it_o may_v be_v ¾_n loss_n or_o gain_n to_o i_o too_o great_a a_o inequality_n and_o uncertainty_n to_o be_v venture_v in_o trade_n beside_o the_o different_a goodness_n of_o several_a parcel_n of_o wheat_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 14._o that_o suppose_v any_o island_n separate_v from_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n if_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o whatever_o else_o so_o it_o be_v last_v be_v their_o money_n if_o they_o have_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o it_o and_o can_v get_v no_o more_o that_o will_v be_v a_o steady_a stand_a measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n 15._o that_o if_o in_o any_o country_n they_o use_v for_o money_n any_o last_a material_a whereof_o there_o be_v not_o any_o more_o to_o be_v get_v and_o so_o can_v be_v increase_v or_o be_v of_o no_o other_o use_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n do_v not_o value_v it_o and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v diminish_v this_o also_o will_v be_v a_o steady_a stand_a measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o other_o commodity_n 16._o that_o in_o a_o country_n where_o they_o have_v such_o a_o stand_a measure_n any_o quantity_n of_o that_o money_n if_o it_o be_v but_o so_o much_o that_o every_o body_n may_v have_v some_o will_v serve_v to_o drive_v any_o proportion_n of_o trade_n whether_o more_a or_o less_o there_o be_v counter_n enough_o to_o reckon_v by_o and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pledge_n be_v still_o sufficient_a as_o constant_o increase_n with_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o commodity_n but_o these_o three_o last_o be_v build_v on_o supposition_n that_o be_v
keep_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o they_o which_o there_o lie_v dead_a for_o though_o gamester_n money_n shift_v master_n often_o than_o any_o and_o be_v tumble_v up_o and_o down_o with_o every_o cast_n of_o a_o die_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o public_a lie_v perfect_o still_o and_o no_o more_o of_o it_o come_v into_o trade_n than_o they_o spend_v in_o late_v or_o wear_v here_o too_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o much_o manufacture_n deserve_v to_o be_v encourage_v since_o that_o part_n of_o trade_n though_o the_o most_o considerable_a be_v drive_v with_o the_o least_o money_n especial_o if_o the_o workmanship_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o the_o material_n for_o to_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v drive_v by_o labour_n and_o handicraft_n man_n one_o two_o and_o fifty_o part_n of_o the_o yearly_a money_n pay_v they_o will_v be_v sufficient_a but_o to_o a_o trade_n of_o commodity_n of_o our_o bare_a native_a growth_n much_o great_a proportion_n of_o money_n be_v require_v perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v wonder_v why_o have_v give_v some_o estimate_n how_o wide_a i_o know_v not_o of_o the_o money_n necessary_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o landholder_n labourer_n and_o brâ—ker_n to_o carry_v on_o trade_n i_o have_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o consumer_n who_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v so_o few_o consumer_n who_o be_v not_o either_o labourer_n broker_n or_o landholders_n for_o those_o who_o immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o landholder_n as_o his_o child_n and_o servant_n come_v in_o under_o that_o title_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o rent_n of_o his_o land_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o make_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n in_o the_o account_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v see_v what_o injury_n the_o lower_a of_o interest_n be_v like_a to_o do_v we_o by_o hinder_v trade_n when_o it_o shall_v either_o make_v the_o foreigner_n call_v home_o his_o money_n or_o your_o own_o people_n backward_o to_o lend_v the_o reward_v not_o be_v judge_v proportionable_a to_o the_o risk_a there_o be_v another_o seem_a consequence_n of_o the_o reduce_n of_o money_n to_o a_o low_a price_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n have_v such_o a_o appearance_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o that_o i_o have_v know_v it_o impose_v upon_o very_o able_a man_n and_o i_o guess_n have_v no_o small_a influence_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o promote_a this_o alteration_n aâ—d_v that_o be_v that_o the_o lower_a of_o interest_n will_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n in_o proportion_n for_o money_n be_v the_o counterbalance_n to_o all_o other_o thing_n purchasable_a by_o it_o and_o lie_v at_o it_o be_v in_o the_o opposite_a scale_n of_o commerce_n it_o look_v like_o a_o natural_a consequence_n that_o as_o much_o as_o you_o take_v off_o from_o the_o value_n of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d much_o you_o add_v to_o the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v exchange_v for_o it_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o price_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o addition_n to_o its_o value_n in_o respect_n of_o money_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o lessen_v the_o value_n of_o money_n for_o example_n shall_v the_o value_n of_o gold_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o of_o silver_n 100_o guineas_n will_v purchase_v little_a more_o corn_n wool_n or_o land_n than_o 100_o shilling_n and_o so_o the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v bring_v low_a say_v they_o the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n will_v rise_v and_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n from_o 6_o to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n be_v take_v away_o so_o much_o of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n and_o so_o consequent_o the_o lessen_v its_o value_n the_o mistake_n of_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o reason_v will_v be_v easy_o discover_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o any_o thing_n purchasable_a by_o it_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ready_a money_n we_o have_v in_o comparison_n with_o the_o quantity_n of_o that_o thing_n and_o its_o vent_n which_o vent_n depend_v upon_o its_o necessity_n or_o usefulness_n as_o convenience_n of_o life_n or_o opinion_n guide_v by_o fancy_n or_o fashion_n shall_v determine_v or_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o price_n of_o any_o commodity_n rise_v or_o fall_v by_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o number_n of_o buyer_n and_o seller_n â—_z whereby_o the_o vent_n come_v to_o be_v increase_v or_o decrease_v as_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n we_o have_v be_v design_v to_o be_v lay_v out_o by_o several_a people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rather_o in_o one_o thing_n than_o another_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o change_n of_o fashion_n this_o rule_n hold_v universal_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v bate_v now_o and_o then_o a_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n which_o never_o amount_v to_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n of_o trade_n as_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o account_n worthy_a to_o be_v think_v a_o exception_n to_o this_o rule_n i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o the_o consumable_a commodity_n subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o and_o show_v that_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o depend_v only_o on_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o those_o thing_n and_o not_o on_o what_o interest_n shall_v be_v by_o necessity_n law_n or_o contract_n at_o that_o time_n lay_v on_o the_o borrow_n of_o money_n and_o then_o afterward_o i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o same_o hold_v in_o land_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o confirm_v by_o daily_a experience_n than_o that_o man_n give_v any_o portion_n of_o money_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a rather_o than_o go_v without_o it_o and_o in_o such_o thing_n the_o scarcity_n of_o they_o alone_o make_v their_o price_n as_o for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v 1_o â—_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o half_o a_o crown_n now_o in_o england_n be_v worth_a a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n but_o shall_v there_o be_v next_o year_n a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o wheat_n in_o england_n and_o a_o proportionable_a want_n of_o all_o other_o food_n five_o ounce_n of_o siver_z will_v perhaps_o in_o exchange_n purchase_v but_o one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n so_o that_o money_n will_v be_v then_o 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a in_o respect_n oâ—_n food_n though_o at_o the_o same_o value_v it_o be_v before_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n that_o keep_v their_o former_a proportion_n in_o their_o quantity_n and_o consumption_n by_o the_o like_a proportion_n of_o increase_n and_o decrease_v do_v the_o value_n of_o thing_n more_o or_o less_o convenient_a rise_n and_o fall_v in_o respect_n of_o money_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o thing_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o life_n must_v be_v have_v at_o any_o rate_n but_o thing_n convenient_a will_v be_v have_v only_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o preference_n with_o other_o conveniency_n and_o therefore_o in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o commodity_n the_o value_n rise_v only_o as_o its_o quantity_n be_v less_o and_o vent_v great_a which_o depend_v upon_o its_o be_v prefer_v to_o other_o thing_n in_o its_o consumption_n for_o suppose_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o be_v a_o gâ—â—at_a scarcity_n of_o whâ—â—t_n and_o other_o grain_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oâ—â—s_n man_n no_o question_n will_v give_v far_o more_o for_o wheat_n than_o oat_n as_o be_v the_o healthy_a pleasant_a and_o more_o convenient_a food_n but_o since_o oat_n will_v serve_v to_o supply_v that_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o sustain_a life_n man_n will_v not_o rob_v themselves_o of_o all_o other_o conveniency_n of_o life_n by_o pay_v all_o their_o money_n for_o wheat_n when_o oat_n that_o be_v cheap_a though_o with_o some_o inconvenience_n will_v supply_v that_o defect_n it_o may_v then_o so_o happen_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o the_o year_n before_o will_v buy_v one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n will_v this_o year_n buy_v but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o bushel_n half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o the_o year_n before_o will_v have_v buy_v three_o bushel_n of_o oat_n will_v this_o year_n still_o buy_v one_o bushel_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n that_o will_v the_o year_n before_o have_v buy_v 15_o pound_n of_o lead_n will_v still_o buy_v the_o same_o quantity_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n silver_n in_o respect_n of_o wheat_n be_v 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o oat_n â…”_n less_o worth_a and_o in_o respect_n of_o lead_n as_o much_o worth_n as_o before_o the_o fall_n therefore_o or_o rise_v of_o interest_n make_v
not_o like_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o mankind_n since_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n have_v bring_v all_o part_n acquaint_v with_o one_o another_o and_o introduce_v the_o use_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n into_o all_o trade_n part_n of_o the_o world_n they_o serve_v rather_o to_o give_v we_o some_o light_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o money_n than_o to_o teach_v here_o a_o new_a measure_n of_o traffic_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o breed_v most_o of_o our_o gold_n and_o silver_n use_v least_o of_o it_o in_o exchange_n and_o use_v it_o not_o for_o money_n 17._o that_o therefore_o in_o any_o country_n that_o have_v commerce_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a now_o to_o be_v without_o the_o use_n of_o silver_n coin_n and_o have_v money_n of_o that_o and_o account_n keep_v in_o such_o money_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v any_o stand_n unalterable_a measure_n of_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n for_o while_o the_o mine_n supply_v to_o mankind_n more_o than_o waste_v and_o consume_v in_o its_o use_n the_o quantity_n of_o it_o will_v daily_o grow_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o other_o commodity_n and_o its_o value_n less_o 18._o that_o in_o a_o country_n that_o have_v open_a commerce_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o use_v money_n make_v of_o the_o same_o material_n with_o their_o neighbour_n any_o quantity_n of_o that_o money_n will_v not_o serve_v to_o drive_v any_o quantity_n of_o trade_n but_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n between_o money_n and_o trade_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o to_o keep_v your_o trade_n go_v without_o loss_n your_o comodities_n among_o you_o must_v keep_v a_o equal_a or_o at_o least_o near_o the_o price_n of_o the_o same_o species_n of_o commodity_n in_o the_o neighbour_n country_n which_o they_o can_v do_v if_o your_o money_n be_v far_o less_o than_o in_o other_o country_n for_o then_o either_o your_o commodity_n must_v be_v sell_v very_o cheap_a or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o your_o trade_n must_v stand_v still_o there_o not_o be_v money_n enough_o in_o the_o country_n to_o pay_v for_o they_o in_o their_o shift_n of_o hand_n at_o that_o high_a price_n which_o the_o plenty_n and_o consequent_o low_a value_n of_o money_n make_v they_o at_o in_o another_o country_n for_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o general_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o all_o the_o money_n in_o the_o world_n in_o proportion_n to_o all_o the_o trade_n but_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o any_o one_o country_n be_v the_o present_a quantity_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o that_o country_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o present_a trade_n suppose_v then_o that_o we_o have_v now_o in_o england_n but_o half_a as_o much_o money_n as_o we_o have_v seven_o year_n ago_o and_o yet_o have_v still_o as_o much_o yearly_a product_n of_o commodity_n as_o many_o hand_n to_o work_v they_o and_o as_o many_o broker_n to_o disperse_v thâ—m_n as_o before_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n we_o trade_n with_o have_v as_o much_o money_n as_o they_o have_v before_o for_o it_o be_v likely_a they_o shall_v have_v more_o by_o our_o moiety_n share_v among_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o either_o half_a our_o rent_n shall_v not_o be_v pay_v half_a our_o commodity_n not_o vent_v and_o half_a our_o labourer_n not_o employ_v and_o so_o half_a the_o trade_n be_v clear_o lose_v or_o else_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o must_v receive_v but_o half_a the_o money_n for_o their_o commodity_n and_o labour_n they_o do_v before_o and_o but_o half_a so_o much_o as_o our_o neighbour_n do_v receive_v for_o the_o same_o labour_n and_o same_o natural_a product_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o though_o it_o will_v make_v no_o scarcity_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n among_o we_o yet_o it_o will_v have_v these_o ill_a consequence_n 1._o it_o will_v make_v our_o native_a commodity_n vent_v very_o cheap_a 2._o it_o will_v make_v all_o foreign_a commodity_n very_o dear_a both_o which_o will_v keep_v we_o poor_a for_o the_o merchant_n make_v silver_n and_o gold_n his_o measure_n and_o consider_v what_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n cost_v he_o i._n e._n how_o many_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o country_n where_o money_n be_v more_o plenty_n i._n e._n cheaper_o and_o consider_v too_o how_o many_o ounce_n of_o silver_n it_o will_v yield_v he_o in_o another_o country_n will_v not_o part_v with_o it_o here_o but_o for_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n or_o as_o much_o as_o that_o silver_n will_v buy_v here_o of_o our_o commodity_n which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o in_o another_o place_n so_o that_o in_o all_o our_o exchange_n of_o native_a for_o foreign_a commodity_n we_o pay_v double_v the_o value_n that_o any_o other_o country_n do_v where_o money_n be_v in_o great_a plenty_n this_o indeed_o will_v make_v a_o dearness_n and_o in_o time_n a_o scarcity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v not_o the_o worst_a inconveniency_n that_o it_o bring_v upon_o we_o suppose_v they_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a but_o 3._o it_o endanger_v the_o draw_v away_o our_o people_n both_o handicraft_n mariner_n and_o soldiers_z who_o be_v apt_a to_o go_v where_o their_o pay_n be_v best_a which_o will_v always_o be_v where_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o money_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n must_v needs_o bring_v great_a distress_n 19_o upon_o this_o measure_n too_o it_o be_v that_o the_o variation_n of_o exchange_n of_o money_n between_o several_a country_n do_v somewhat_o depend_v for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v always_o of_o equal_a value_n to_o another_o ounce_n of_o silver_n consider_v in_o its_o intrinsic_a worth_n or_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o universal_a trade_n of_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o value_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o be_v of_o most_o worth_a in_o that_o country_n where_o there_o be_v the_o least_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o its_o trade_n and_o therefore_o man_n may_v afford_v to_o give_v 20_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o one_o place_n to_o receive_v 18_o or_o 19_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o another_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o to_o this_o then_o to_o find_v out_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o exchange_n the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n must_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n and_o these_o two_o together_o regulate_v the_o exchange_n in_o all_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o both_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o exchange_n i._n e._n receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n for_o that_o be_v the_o measure_n let_v the_o coin_n or_o the_o denomination_n be_v what_o it_o will_v in_o one_o country_n for_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n pay_v in_o another_o country_n depend_v upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n viz._n the_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n in_o one_o country_n than_o in_o the_o other_o only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o where_o the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n raise_v the_o exchange_n above_o the_o par_fw-fr there_o it_o be_v the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o private_a merchant_n have_v in_o one_o country_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o remove_v into_o another_o but_o where_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o country_n raise_v the_o exchange_n above_o the_o par_fw-fr there_o it_o be_v the_o plenty_n of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o one_o the_o merchant_n have_v more_o money_n or_o debt_n which_o be_v all_o one_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n than_o his_o trade_n there_o will_v employ_v and_o so_o be_v willing_a to_o allow_v upon_o exchange_n to_o he_o abroad_o that_o shall_v pay_v he_o ready_a money_n at_o home_n 1_o 2_o 3_o etc._n etc._n per_fw-la cent._n more_o or_o less_o proportionable_o as_o he_o or_o his_o countrymens_n plenty_n of_o ready_a money_n abroad_o the_o danger_n of_o leave_v it_o there_o or_o the_o difficulty_n of_o bring_v it_o home_o in_o specie_fw-la and_o his_o present_a need_n of_o money_n at_o home_n be_v great_a or_o lesi_n in_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v more_o money_n than_o can_v well_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o trade_n thereof_o or_o at_o least_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o money_n to_o the_o trade_n be_v great_a than_o in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v below_o the_o par._n for_o suppose_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v equal_a between_o england_n and_o holland_n but_o that_o there_o be_v in_o holland_n a_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n than_o in_o england_n which_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o national_a use_v in_o holland_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o national_a use_v in_o england_n and_o also_o by_o the_o
neither_o more_o or_o less_o land_n money_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o commodity_n in_o england_n than_o there_o be_v before_o immediate_o by_o its_o change_n alter_v not_o at_o all_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o reference_n to_o commodity_n because_o the_o measure_n of_o that_o be_v only_o the_o quantity_n and_o vent_n which_o be_v not_o immediate_o change_v by_o the_o change_n of_o interest_n but_o only_o as_o the_o change_n of_o interest_n in_o trade_n conduce_v to_o the_o bring_n in_o or_o carry_v out_o money_n or_o commodity_n and_o so_o in_o time_n vary_v their_o proportion_n here_o in_o england_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o which_o be_v not_o in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v this_o be_v perfect_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o respect_n of_o consumable_a commodity_n but_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o its_o full_a latitude_n in_o respect_n both_o of_o consumable_a commodity_n and_o land_n too_o we_o must_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o value_n of_o land_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o by_o its_o constant_a production_n of_o saleable_a commodity_n it_o bring_v in_o a_o certain_a yearly_a income_n second_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o as_o portable_a and_o useful_a thing_n they_o by_o their_o exchange_n or_o consumption_n supply_v the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n three_o in_o mâ—râ—y_n there_o be_v a_o double_a value_n answer_v to_o both_o of_o these_o first_o as_o it_o be_v capable_a by_o its_o interest_n to_o yield_v we_o such_o a_o yearly_a income_n and_o in_o this_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o land_n the_o income_n of_o one_o be_v call_v renâ—_n of_o the_o other_o use_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o land_n in_o its_o soil_n be_v different_a as_o some_o fertile_a some_o barren_a and_o the_o product_n of_o it_o very_o various_a both_o in_o their_o sort_n and_o value_v too_o according_a as_o their_o quantity_n and_o vent_n vary_v but_o moneyâ—_n constant_o the_o same_o and_o by_o its_o interest_n give_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o product_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o sixed_a yearly_a rate_n set_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o magistrate_n but_o â—and_n be_v not_o but_o though_o in_o the_o uniformity_n of_o its_o legal_a worth_n 100_o l._n of_o lawful_a money_n be_v all_o through_o england_n equal_a in_o its_o current_a value_n to_o any_o other_o 100_o l._n of_o lawful_a money_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n it_o will_v every_o where_o pass_v for_o as_o much_o ware_n or_o debt_n as_o any_o other_o hundred_o pound_n be_v capable_a to_o have_v its_o yearly_a hire_n value_v better_a than_o land_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o vary_a need_n and_o necessity_n of_o money_n which_o change_v with_o the_o increase_n or_o decay_v of_o money_n or_o trade_n in_o a_o country_n it_o be_v as_o little_a capable_a to_o have_v its_o yearly_a hire_n fix_v by_o law_n as_o land_n itself_o for_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n acre_n for_o acre_n equal_o good_a that_o be_v do_v constant_o produce_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o equal_o good_a hay_n or_o grass_n one_o as_o another_o the_o rent_n of_o it_o under_o that_o consideration_n of_o every_o acre_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a worth_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v regulate_v by_o law_n and_o one_o may_v as_o well_o enact_v that_o no_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n shall_v be_v let_v for_o above_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la an._n as_o that_o no_o 100_o l._n shall_v be_v let_v for_o above_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la an._n but_o no_o body_n can_v think_v it_o fit_a since_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o that_o land_n it_o can_v that_o therefore_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o law_n for_o suppose_v all_o the_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n or_o in_o england_n be_v all_o of_o so_o equal_a a_o worth_n that_o any_o one_o acre_n compare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o any_o one_o other_o be_v equal_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o product_n yet_o the_o same_o acre_n compare_v with_o itself_o in_o different_a time_n will_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o rent_n be_v of_o equal_a value_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o unreasonable_a thing_n if_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henryâ—_n â—_z the_o rent_n of_o land_n in_o rumney-marsh_n have_v be_v settle_v by_o a_o law_n according_a to_o the_o judge_v value_n of_o it_o at_o that_o time_n and_o the_o same_o law_n limit_v the_o rent_n perhaps_o to_o 5_o s._n per_fw-la acre_n have_v continue_v still_o the_o absurdity_n and_o impracticableness_n of_o this_o every_o one_o see_v at_o the_o first_o proposal_n and_o ready_o conclude_v within_o himself_o that_o thing_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o find_v their_o own_o priceâ—_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a in_o this_o their_o constant_a mutability_n for_o human_a foresight_n to_o seâ—_n rule_n and_o bound_n to_o thâ—_n constantly-varying_a proportion_n and_o use_v which_o will_v always_o regulate_v their_o value_n they_o who_o consider_v thing_n beyond_o their_o name_n will_v find_v that_o money_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o change_n and_o inequality_n nay_o in_o this_o respect_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o its_o value_n bring_v in_o by_o time_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o affair_n the_o rate_n of_o money_n be_v less_o capable_a of_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o law_n in_o any_o country_n than_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n because_o of_o the_o quick_a change_n that_o happen_v in_o trade_n this_o too_o must_v be_v add_v that_o money_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o land_n can_v and_o so_o that_o be_v true_o worth_a 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n this_o year_n which_o will_v yield_v but_o 4_o the_o last_o 2._o money_n have_v a_o value_n as_o it_o be_v capable_a by_o exchange_n to_o procure_v we_o the_o necessary_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o in_o this_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o commodity_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o it_o serve_v we_o common_o by_o its_o exchange_n never_o almost_o by_o its_o consumption_n but_o have_v not_o at_o all_o a_o more_o stand_v settle_a value_n in_o exchange_n with_o any_o other_o thing_n than_o any_o other_o commodity_n have_v but_o a_o more_o know_a one_o and_o better_o fix_v by_o name_n number_n and_o weight_n to_o enable_v we_o to_o reckon_v what_o the_o proportion_n of_o scarcity_n and_o vent_n of_o one_o commodity_n be_v to_o another_o for_o suppose_v as_o before_o that_o half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v last_v year_n exchange_v for_o one_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n or_o for_o 15_o l._n weight_n of_o lead_n if_o this_o year_n wheat_n be_v 10_o time_n scarce_a and_o lead_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n to_o its_o vent_n as_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o evident_a that_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v still_o exchange_v for_o 15_o l._n of_o lead_n though_o it_o will_v exchange_v but_o for_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n and_o he_o that_o have_v use_v of_o lead_n will_v as_o soon_o take_v 15_o l._n weight_n of_o lead_n as_o â—_o ounce_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n and_o no_o more_o so_o that_o if_o you_o say_v that_o money_n now_o be_v 9_o 10_o less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v the_o former_a year_n you_o must_v say_v so_o of_o lead_n too_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o keep_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o money_n they_o be_v in_o before_o only_o this_o variation_n be_v first_o observe_v in_o money_n because_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n by_o which_o people_n reckon_v for_o call_v that_o half_a ounce_n of_o silver_n half_n a_o crown_n they_o be_v understand_v better_o when_o they_o say_v half_o a_o crown_n or_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n will_v now_o but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n but_o do_v not_o say_v that_o 15_o l._n of_o lead_n will_v now_o but_o 1_o 10_o of_o a_o busheâ—_n of_o wheat_n because_o it_o be_v not_o general_o use_v to_o this_o sort_n of_o reckon_a nor_o do_v theâ—_n say_v lead_n be_v less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v though_o in_o respect_n of_o wheat_n lead_v be_v 〈…〉_z worse_o than_o it_o be_v as_o well_o as_o silver_n only_o by_o the_o tale_n of_o shilling_n we_o be_v better_o enable_v to_o judge_v of_o it_o this_o i_o suppose_v be_v the_o true_a value_n of_o mâ—â—ney_n when_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v where_o it_o run_v the_o same_o change_n of_o high_a and_o low_o as_o anâ—_n other_o commodity_n do_v for_o one_o equâ—â—_n quantity_n whereof_o you_o shall_v receive_v more_o or_o less_o of_o another_o commodity_n at_o onâ—_n time_n than_o you_o do_v at_o another_o in_o
dearness_n of_o food_n and_o labour_n in_o general_n in_o holland_n and_o the_o cheapness_n of_o it_o in_o england_n if_o n._n have_v 10000_o l._n in_o holland_n which_o the_o great_a advantage_n he_o can_v make_v of_o it_o in_o england_n either_o by_o use_n or_o purchase_n tempt_v he_o to_o transfer_v into_o england_n it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v give_v as_o much_o to_o a_o merchant_n in_o holland_n to_o pay_v he_o 10000_o l._n in_o england_n as_o the_o insurance_n of_o that_o time_n between_o holland_n and_o england_n be_v worth_a which_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o country_n where_o the_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n be_v prohibit_v he_o must_v pay_v the_o more_o because_o his_o venture_n if_o he_o carry_v it_o in_o specie_fw-la will_v be_v great_a and_o upon_o this_o ground_n perhaps_o the_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n out_o of_o england_n under_o penalty_n may_v be_v of_o some_o use_n by_o make_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n great_a upon_o those_o country_n who_o import_n upon_o we_o more_o than_o they_o export_v in_o commodity_n and_o so_o retain_v some_o part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o their_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n will_v carry_v away_o from_o we_o though_o after_o all_o if_o we_o be_v overballanced_a in_o trade_n it_o must_v go_v but_o since_o the_o holland_n merchant_n can_v receive_v n_o his_o 10000_o l._n in_o money_n in_o holland_n and_o pay_v he_o 10000_o l._n in_o england_n unless_o his_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n make_v englishman_n indebt_v to_o he_o 10000_o l._n in_o money_n which_o he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o take_v in_o commodity_n i_o think_v the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o chief_o raise_v the_o exchange_n in_o any_o country_n and_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o any_o country_n do_v it_o only_o for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o money_n as_o be_v transfer_v either_o to_o be_v let_v out_o to_o use_v or_o to_o be_v spend_v there_o and_o though_o lend_v to_o foreigner_n upon_o use_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n between_o those_o country_n yet_o it_o do_v alter_v the_o exchange_n between_o those_o country_n for_o so_o much_o as_o be_v lend_v upon_o use_n by_o not_o call_v away_o the_o money_n that_o shall_v follow_v the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n but_o let_v it_o rest_v there_o as_o if_o it_o be_v account_v for_o all_o one_o as_o if_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v for_o so_o much_o alter_v but_o this_o be_v not_o much_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o generâ—â—_n traffic_n between_o two_o nation_n or_o at_o leaâ—â—_n vary_v slow_a the_o merchant_n too_o regulate_v the_o exchange_n and_o not_o the_o usurer_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v the_o present_a balance_n of_o trade_n on_o which_o the_o exchange_n immediâ—ately_o and_o chief_o depend_v unless_o some_o accident_n shall_v make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n be_v remit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o will_v for_o the_o timeraise_n the_o exchange_n all_o one_o as_o a_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n and_o indeed_o when_o examine_v be_v general_o very_o little_a different_a from_o itâ—_n to_o be_v able_a to_o estimate_v the_o par_fw-fr with_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o exchange_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n iâ—_n how_o much_o silver_n be_v in_o the_o coin_n of_o thâ—_n two_o country_n by_o which_o you_o reckon_v and_o charge_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n sir_n if_o i_o have_v be_v lead_v a_o little_a too_o fâ—â—_n from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o in_o the_o consideratâ—â—on_n of_o money_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n hâ—_n puâ—â—â—_n that_o these_o particular_n will_v afford_v some_o ligâ—â—_n to_o our_o present_a subject_n to_o return_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n by_o which_o have_v be_v abovesaid_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o year_n purchase_v of_o land_n do_v not_o increase_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n and_o the_o abate_v that_o good_a quality_n in_o money_n of_o yield_v yearly_o six_o pâ—r_n cenâ—_n to_o four_o do_v not_o present_o so_o sink_v its_o value_n in_o respect_n of_o land_n that_o 1_o â—_o part_n more_o be_v require_v in_o exchange_n that_o be_v that_o fall_v of_o interest_n from_o six_o to_o four_o will_v not_o raise_v land_n from_o twenty_o to_o thirty_o year_n purchase_n the_o raise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o land_n as_o of_o other_o thing_n depend_v much_o on_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n set_v to_o sale_n compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o money_n design_v for_o that_o traffic_n or_o which_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n upon_o the_o number_n of_o buyer_n and_o seller_n for_o where_o there_o be_v many_o seller_n and_o few_o purchaser_n though_o interest_n be_v lessen_v land_n will_v be_v cheap_a as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v at_o least_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o make_v a_o law_n to_o reduce_v interest_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n it_o will_v only_o by_o drive_v it_o more_o into_o the_o banker_n hand_n leave_v the_o country_n bare_a of_o money_n whereby_o if_o the_o price_n of_o land_n about_o london_n shall_v be_v accident_o raise_v that_o of_o remote_a country_n will_v thereby_o have_v few_o purchaser_n and_o at_o low_a rate_n this_o be_v so_o that_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o land_n depend_v much_o on_o the_o great_a number_n of_o seller_n in_o proportion_n to_o purchaser_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o be_v what_o make_v plenty_n of_o seller_n and_o to_o that_o the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a general_a ill_a husbandry_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o debt_n if_o a_o neglect_n of_o government_n and_o religion_n ill_a example_n and_o deprave_a education_n have_v introduce_v debauchery_n and_o art_n or_o chance_n have_v make_v it_o fashionable_a for_o man_n to_o live_v beyond_o their_o estate_n debt_n will_v increase_v and_o multiply_v and_o draw_v with_o they_o a_o necessity_n on_o man_n first_o of_o encumber_v and_o then_o sell_v their_o estate_n this_o be_v general_o the_o cause_n why_o man_n part_v with_o their_o land_n and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v scarce_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o that_o think_v of_o sell_v his_o patrimony_n till_o mortgage_n have_v pretty_a well_o eat_v into_o the_o freehold_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o grow_a debt_n force_v a_o man_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n when_o almost_o be_v there_o ever_o a_o clear_a and_o unincumbred_a estate_n set_v to_o sale_n it_o be_v seldom_o a_o thrive_a man_n turn_v his_o land_n into_o money_n to_o make_v the_o great_a advantage_n the_o example_n of_o it_o be_v so_o rare_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o of_o any_o consideration_n in_o the_o number_n of_o seller_n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n when_o sobriety_n frugality_n and_o industry_n bring_v in_o daiâ—y_a increase_n to_o the_o grow_a wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n â—and_v keep_v up_o its_o price_n and_o sell_v for_o more_o year_n purchase_v than_o correspond_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n then_o busy_o imployâ—d_v in_o a_o thrive_a trade_n which_o make_v the_o natural_a interest_n much_o high_a than_o it_o be_v now_o as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n than_o set_v it_o high_o by_o law_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n what_o make_v scarcity_n of_o purchaser_n 1._o the_o same_o reason_n ill_a husbandry_n when_o the_o tradesman_n live_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o his_o income_n and_o the_o vanity_n of_o expense_n either_o drain_v the_o merchant_n coffer_n or_o keep_v they_o from_o overflow_a he_o seldom_o think_v of_o purchase_v buy_v of_o land_n be_v the_o result_n of_o a_o full_a and_o satiate_v gain_n and_o man_n in_o trade_n seldom_o think_v of_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n upon_o land_n till_o their_o profit_n have_v bring_v they_o in_o more_o than_o their_o trade_n can_v well_o employ_v and_o their_o idle_a bag_n cumbr_v their_o count_a house_n put_v they_o upon_o empty_v they_o on_o a_o purchase_n 2._o another_o thing_n that_o make_v a_o scarcity_n of_o buyer_n of_o land_n be_v doubtful_a and_o ill_a title_n where_o these_o be_v frequent_a and_o fatal_a one_o can_v no_o more_o expect_v that_o man_n who_o have_v money_n shall_v be_v forward_o to_o purchase_v than_o ship_n rich_o lade_v to_o venture_v themselves_o among_o rock_n and_o quicksand_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n such_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v much_o frequent_v where_o the_o example_n and_o remain_v of_o daily_a wreck_n show_v the_o â—olly_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o venture_n in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o have_v miscarry_v 3._o a_o general_a decay_n of_o trade_n discourage_v man_n from_o purchasingâ—_n for_o this_o threaten_v a_o universal_a poverty_n which_o be_v sure_a to_o fall_v first_o and_o heavy_a upon_o land_n the_o merchant_n who_o furnish_v the_o
improvident_a landholder_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o have_v money_n for_o his_o ware_n with_o gain_n whether_o the_o kingdom_n get_v by_o his_o trade_n or_o no_o and_o he_o will_v keep_v his_o money_n rather_o employ_v in_o trade_n which_o bring_v he_o in_o profit_n for_o the_o merchant_n may_v get_v by_o a_o trade_n that_o make_v the_o kingdom_n poor_a than_o lie_v it_o out_o in_o land_n who_o rent_n he_o see_v sink_v and_o foresee_v by_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v likely_a to_o continue_v on_o to_o do_v so_o when_o a_o nation_n be_v run_v to_o decay_n and_o ruin_n the_o merchant_n and_o moneyed_a man_n do_v what_o you_o can_v will_v be_v sure_a to_o starve_v last_o observe_v it_o where_o you_o will_v the_o decay_n that_o come_v upon_o and_o bring_v to_o ruin_n any_o country_n do_v constant_o first_o fall_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o though_o the_o country_n gentleman_n who_o usual_o secure_o rely_v upon_o so_o much_o a_o year_n as_o be_v give_v in_o at_o his_o marriage_n settlement_n and_o think_v his_o land_n a_o unmoveable_a fund_z for_o such_o a_o income_n be_v not_o very_o forward_o to_o think_v so_o yet_o this_o nevertheless_o be_v a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o he_o be_v more_o concern_v in_o trade_n and_o ouâ—ht_n to_o take_v a_o great_a care_n that_o it_o be_v wâ—ll_n manage_v and_o preserve_v than_o even_o the_o merchant_n himself_o for_o he_o will_v certain_o findâ—_n that_o when_o a_o decay_n of_o trade_n have_v carry_v away_o one_o part_n of_o our_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n hand_n that_o no_o law_n he_o can_v make_v nor_o any_o little_a art_n of_o shift_a property_n among_o ourselves_o will_v bring_v it_o back_o to_o he_o again_o but_o his_o rent_n will_v fall_v and_o his_o income_n every_o day_n lessen_v till_o general_a industry_n and_o frugality_n join_v to_o a_o well_o order_v trade_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n the_o riches_n and_o wealth_n it_o have_v former_o this_o by_o the_o way_n if_o well_o consider_v may_v let_v we_o see_v that_o tax_n however_o contrive_v and_o out_o of_o who_o hand_n soever_o immediate_o take_v do_v in_o a_o country_n where_o their_o great_a fund_z be_v in_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n terminate_v upon_o land_n whatsoever_o the_o people_n be_v chief_o maintain_v by_o that_o the_o government_n support_v itself_o on_o nay_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o those_o tax_n which_o seem_v least_o to_o affect_v land_n will_v most_o sure_o of_o all_o other_o â—aâ—_n the_o rent_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a the_o hard_a to_o be_v recover_v for_o rent_n once_o fâ—â—len_v be_v not_o easy_o raise_v again_o a_o tax_n lay_v upon_o land_n seem_v hard_a to_o the_o landholder_n because_o it_o be_v so_o much_o money_n go_v visible_o out_o of_o his_o pocket_n and_o 〈…〉_z ease_v to_o himself_o the_o landholder_n iâ—â—â—â—â—ys_v forward_o to_o lay_v it_o upon_o commodity_n but_o 〈…〉_z thorough_o consider_v it_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o effect_n he_o will_v find_v he_o buy_v this_o seem_a ease_n at_o a_o very_a dear_a rate_n and_o though_o he_o pay_v not_o this_o tax_n immediate_o out_o of_o his_o own_o purse_n yet_o there_o will_v be_v more_o want_v there_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n than_o that_o come_v to_o with_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o rent_n which_o be_v a_o settle_a and_o last_a evil_n that_o will_v stick_v upon_o he_o beyond_o the_o present_a payment_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a let_v we_o suppose_v in_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n that_o the_o rent_n of_o england_n be_v twelve_o million_o and_o that_o the_o charge_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n require_v a_o supply_n of_o three_o million_o from_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n here_o be_v one_o four_o part_n of_o his_o yearly_a income_n go_v immediate_o out_o of_o the_o landlord_n and_o landholders_n pocket_n this_o be_v a_o burden_n very_o apt_a to_o be_v feel_v he_o ready_o perceive_v what_o go_v thus_o out_o of_o his_o estate_n who_o actual_o pay_v the_o money_n out_o of_o his_o pocket_n or_o find_v it_o deduct_v out_o of_o his_o rent_n at_o quarter-day_n for_o tax_n but_o though_o this_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o his_o yearly_a income_n and_o out_o of_o a_o estate_n of_o four_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n the_o public_a tax_n now_o open_o take_v away_o one_o hundred_o yet_o this_o influence_n not_o at_o all_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o the_o land_n which_o the_o rack-rent_a or_o under_o tenant_n pay_v it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o he_o whether_o he_o pay_v all_o his_o rent_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o landlord_n or_o ½_o or_o ¼_n or_o none_o at_o all_o to_o the_o king_n the_o case_n be_v all_o one_o to_o he_o what_o hand_n receive_v his_o rent_n when_o due_a so_o trade_n flourish_v and_o his_o commodity_n go_v off_o well_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o pay_v his_o rent_n on_o this_o lessen_v not_o any_o more_o the_o value_n of_o his_o farm_n than_o a_o high_a or_o a_o low_a chief_a rent_n do_v pay_v out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o tenant_n bargain_n and_o profit_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v or_o not_o charge_v with_o a_o annuity_n payable_a to_o another_o man._n we_o see_v this_o in_o college_n lease_n where_o though_o the_o college_n tenant_n pay_v for_o it_o to_o the_o college_n some_o year_n five_o time_n as_o much_o as_o he_o do_v other_o upon_o the_o vary_a rate_n of_o corn_n yet_o the_o under_o tenant_n feel_v not_o this_o alteration_n in_o the_o least_o nor_o find_v a_o reason_n to_o have_v his_o rent_n abate_v because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v divert_v from_o his_o landlord_n all_o this_o be_v but_o change_v the_o hand_n that_o receive_v the_o rent_n without_o any_o influence_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o will_v not_o be_v let_v for_o one_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o the_o renter_n however_o or_o among_o whosoever_o the_o rent_n he_o pay_v be_v divide_v from_o hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o tax_n lay_v on_o land_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o make_v rent_n fall_v but_o suppose_v to_o shift_v off_o the_o burden_n from_o the_o land_n some_o country_n gentleman_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o raise_v these_o three_o million_o upon_o commodity_n to_o let_v the_o land_n go_v free_a first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o since_o the_o public_a want_v require_v three_o million_o for_o that_o we_o suppose_v for_o argument_n sake_n let_v it_o be_v three_o million_o or_o one_o million_o that_o be_v all_o one_o and_o so_o much_o must_v go_v into_o the_o king_n coffer_n or_o else_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n will_v not_o be_v supply_v that_o for_o raise_v these_o three_o million_o on_o commodity_n and_o bring_v so_o much_o into_o the_o exchequer_n there_o must_v go_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o three_o million_o out_o of_o the_o subjects_n pocket_n for_o a_o tax_n of_o that_o nature_n can_v be_v levy_v by_o officer_n to_o watch_v every_o little_a rivulet_n of_o trade_n without_o a_o great_a chaâ—ge_n especial_o at_o first_o trial_n but_o suppose_v no_o more_o charge_n in_o raise_v it_o than_o of_o a_o land_n tax_n and_o that_o there_o be_v only_o â—_o million_o to_o be_v pay_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o to_o do_v this_o out_o of_o commodity_n they_o must_v to_o the_o coâ—â—umer_n bâ—_n raise_v ¼_n in_o their_o price_n so_o that_o every_o tâ—â—â—g_n to_o he_o that_o use_v it_o must_v be_v ¼_n dâ—â—â—er_n â—et_v we_o see_v now_o who_o at_o long_o run_v 〈◊〉_d pay_v this_o ¼_n and_o where_o it_o will_v light_v it_o be_v plain_a the_o merchant_n and_o broker_n neither_o will_v nor_o câ—n_n for_o if_o he_o pay_v 1_o â—_o more_o for_o commodity_n than_o he_o do_v he_o will_v sell_v they_o at_o a_o price_n proportionable_o raise_v the_o poor_a labourer_n and_o handicraftsman_n can_v for_o he_o just_a life_n from_o hand_n to_o mouth_n already_o and_o all_o his_o food_n clothing_n and_o utensil_n cost_v ¼_n more_o than_o they_o do_v before_o either_o his_o wage_n must_v rise_v with_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n to_o make_v he_o live_v or_o else_o not_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v himself_o and_o family_n by_o his_o labour_n he_o come_v to_o the_o parish_n and_o then_o the_o land_n bear_v the_o burden_n a_o heavy_a way_n if_o the_o labourer_n wage_n be_v raise_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o increase_v rate_n of_o thing_n the_o farmer_n who_o pay_v ¼_n more_o for_o wage_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o thing_n while_o he_o sell_v his_o corn_n and_o wool_n either_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n or_o low_a at_o the_o market_n since_o the_o
tax_n lay_v upon_o it_o make_v people_n less_o forward_o to_o buy_v must_v either_o have_v his_o rent_n abate_v or_o else_o break_v and_o run_v away_o in_o his_o landlord_n debt_n and_o so_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n be_v bring_v down_o and_o who_o then_o pay_v the_o tax_n at_o the_o year_n end_n but_o the_o landlord_n when_o the_o tenant_n not_o able_a to_o raise_v his_o rent_n by_o his_o commodity_n either_o run_v away_o in_o his_o landlord_n debt_n or_o can_v be_v continue_v in_o the_o farm_n without_o abatement_n of_o rent_n for_o when_o the_o yearly_a charge_n in_o his_o farm_n be_v great_a by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o labourer_n wage_n and_o yet_o his_o product_n sell_v â—eaâ—er_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tax_n lay_v on_o his_o commodity_n how_o will_v the_o farmer_n be_v able_a to_o make_v up_o his_o rent_n at_o quarter_n day_n for_o this_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o any_o tax_v lay_v on_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o england_n raise_v its_o price_n and_o make_v the_o importer_n get_v more_o for_o his_o commodity_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o tax_n lay_v on_o your_o native_a product_n and_o home_n make_v commodity_n lessen_v their_o price_n and_o make_v they_o yield_v less_o to_o the_o first_o seller_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a for_o the_o merchant_n import_v no_o commodity_n but_o what_o the_o necessity_n or_o fashionable_a wantonness_n of_o your_o people_n give_v he_o vent_v for_o will_v not_o only_o proportion_v his_o gain_n to_o the_o cost_n and_o risque_n he_o have_v be_v at_o before_o land_v but_o will_v expect_v profit_n of_o his_o money_n pay_v here_o for_o any_o tax_n lay_v on_o it_o and_o take_v advantage_n from_o thence_o to_o raise_v his_o price_n above_o what_o his_o tax_n come_v to_o and_o if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o he_o will_v trade_n no_o more_o in_o that_o commodity_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o his_o farm_n he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o market_n if_o he_o find_v its_o price_n not_o answer_v his_o expectation_n there_o but_o turn_v himself_o to_o other_o ware_n which_o he_o find_v your_o market_n take_v off_o better_o a_o merchant_n will_v never_o continue_v to_o trade_n in_o ware_n which_o the_o change_n of_o fashion_n or_o humour_n among_o your_o people_n have_v make_v less_o vendible_a though_o he_o may_v be_v sometime_o catch_v by_o a_o sudden_a alteration_n but_o that_o seldom_o happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n so_o as_o to_o influence_n the_o great_a bulk_n of_o it_o for_o thing_n of_o necessity_n must_v still_o be_v have_v and_o thing_n of_o fashion_n will_v be_v have_v as_o long_o as_o man_n have_v money_n or_o credit_n whatever_o rate_v they_o cost_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v dear_a for_o it_o be_v vanity_n not_o use_v that_o make_v the_o expensive_a fashion_n of_o your_o people_n the_o emulation_n be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o fine_a that_o be_v the_o dear_a thing_n not_o the_o most_o convenient_a or_o useful_a how_o many_o thing_n do_v we_o value_v and_o buy_v because_o they_o come_v at_o dear_a rate_n from_o japan_n and_o china_n which_o if_o they_o be_v our_o own_o manufacture_n or_o product_n to_o be_v have_v common_a and_o for_o a_o little_a money_n will_v be_v contemn_v and_o neglect_v have_v not_o several_a of_o our_o own_o commodity_n offer_v to_o sale_n at_o reasonable_a rate_n be_v despise_v and_o the_o very_a same_o eager_o buy_v and_o brag_v of_o when_o sell_v for_o french_a at_o a_o double_a price_n you_o must_v not_o think_v therefore_o that_o the_o raise_v their_o price_n will_v lessen_v the_o vent_n of_o fashionable_a foreign_a commodity_n among_o you_o as_o long_o as_o man_n have_v any_o way_n to_o purchase_v they_o but_o rather_o increase_v it_o french_a wine_n be_v become_v a_o modish_n drink_v among_o we_o and_o a_o man_n be_v ashamed_a to_o entertain_v his_o friend_n or_o almost_o to_o dine_v himself_o without_o it_o the_o price_n be_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n raise_v from_o 6_o d._n to_o 2_o s._n and_o do_v this_o hinder_v the_o drink_n of_o it_o no_o the_o quite_o contrary_a a_o man_n way_n of_o live_v be_v commend_v because_o he_o will_v give_v any_o rate_n for_o it_o and_o a_o man_n will_v give_v any_o rate_n rather_o than_o pass_v for_o a_o poor_a wretch_n or_o penurious_a curmudgeon_n that_o be_v not_o able_a or_o know_v not_o how_o to_o live_v well_o nor_o use_v his_o friend_n civil_o fashion_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n nothing_o but_o the_o ostentation_n of_o riches_n and_o therefore_o the_o high_a price_n of_o what_o serve_v to_o that_o rather_o increase_v than_o lessen_v its_o vent_n the_o contest_v and_o glory_n be_v in_o the_o expense_n not_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o and_o people_n be_v then_o think_v and_o say_v to_o live_v well_o when_o they_o can_v make_v a_o show_n of_o rare_a and_o foreign_a thing_n and_o such_o as_o their_o neighbour_n can_v go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o foreign_a commodity_n fall_v not_o in_o their_o price_n by_o tax_n lay_v on_o they_o because_o the_o merchant_n be_v not_o necessitate_v to_o bring_v to_o your_o market_n any_o but_o fashionable_a commodity_n and_o those_o go_v off_o the_o better_a for_o their_o high_a rate_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a your_o land_n 〈◊〉_d be_v force_v to_o bring_v his_o commodity_n to_o market_n such_o as_o his_o land_n and_o industry_n afford_v they_o common_a and_o know_v thing_n must_v sell_v they_o there_o at_o such_o price_n as_o he_o can_v get_v this_o the_o buyer_n know_v and_o these_o homebred_a commodity_n be_v seldom_o the_o favourite_n of_o your_o people_n or_o any_o far_a acceptable_a than_o as_o great_a conveniency_n recommend_v they_o to_o the_o vulgar_a or_o downright_a necessity_n to_o all_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o tax_n be_v lay_v on_o they_o every_o one_o make_v as_o spare_v a_o use_n of_o they_o as_o he_o can_v that_o he_o may_v save_v his_o money_n for_o other_o necessary_a or_o creditable_a 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to_o lend_v to_o they_o but_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v when_o the_o public_a give_v 7_o 8_o or_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n that_o private_a man_n who_o security_n be_v certain_o no_o better_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o 4_o and_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n stranger_n than_o that_o the_o same_o man_n who_o look_v on_o and_o therefore_o allow_v high_a use_n as_o a_o encouragement_n to_o lend_v to_o the_o chequer_n shall_v think_v low_a use_n shall_v bring_v money_n into_o trade_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n some_o few_o year_n since_o pay_v but_o 4_o l._n per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o money_n they_o owe_v if_o you_o propose_v they_o for_o a_o example_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o law_n try_v whether_o you_o can_v do_v so_o here_o and_o bring_v man_n to_o lend_v it_o to_o the_o public_a at_o that_o rate_n this_o will_v be_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o abate_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o public_a charge_n if_o you_o can_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v 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they_o receive_v into_o ducatoon_n whereby_o they_o carry_v home_n more_o silver_n than_o if_o they_o have_v take_v they_o payment_n in_o three_o guilder_n piâ—ces_n or_o any_o other_o species_n thus_o ducatoon_n become_v scarce_o so_o that_o now_o he_o that_o will_v be_v pay_v in_o ducatoon_n must_v allow_v ½_o per_fw-la cent_z for_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o merchant_n when_o they_o sell_v any_o thing_n now_o either_o make_v their_o bargain_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o ducatoon_n or_o if_o they_o contract_v for_o guilder_n in_o general_a which_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v pay_v they_o in_o the_o base_a money_n of_o the_o country_n they_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n according_o by_o this_o example_n in_o a_o neighbour_n country_n we_o may_v see_v how_o our_o new_a milled_a money_n go_v away_o when_o foreign_a trade_n import_v more_o than_o our_o commodity_n will_v pay_v for_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o must_v contract_v debt_n beyond_o sea_n and_o those_o must_v be_v pay_v with_o money_n when_o either_o we_o can_v furnish_v or_o they_o will_v not_o take_v our_o good_n to_o discharge_v they_o to_o have_v money_n beyond_o sea_n to_o pay_v our_o debt_n when_o our_o commodity_n do_v not_o raise_v it_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n but_o to_o send_v it_o thither_o and_o since_o a_o weighty_a crown_n cost_v no_o more_o here_o than_o a_o light_a one_o and_o our_o coin_n beyond_o sea_n be_v value_v no_o otherwise_o than_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n it_o have_v in_o it_o whether_o we_o send_v it_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o whether_o we_o melt_v it_o down_o here_o to_o send_v it_o in_o bullion_n which_o be_v the_o safe_a way_n as_o be_v not_o prohibit_v the_o weighty_a be_v sure_a to_o go_v but_o when_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o your_o money_n be_v clip_v or_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o your_o weighty_a money_n be_v carry_v away_o that_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n or_o his_o factor_n here_o can_v have_v his_o price_n pay_v in_o weighty_a money_n or_o such_o as_o will_v easy_o be_v change_v into_o it_o than_o every_o one_o will_v see_v when_o man_n will_v no_o long_o take_v five_o clip_v shilling_n for_o a_o mill_v or_o weighty_a crown_n that_o it_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o buy_v commodity_n and_o pay_v debt_n and_o not_o the_o stamp_n and_o denomination_n which_o be_v put_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o too_o it_o will_v be_v see_v what_o a_o robbery_n be_v commit_v on_o the_o public_a by_o clip_v every_o grain_n diminish_v from_o the_o just_a weight_n of_o our_o money_n be_v so_o much_o loss_n to_o the_o nation_n which_o will_v one_o time_n or_o other_o be_v sensible_o feel_v and_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v care_n of_o and_o speedy_o stop_v will_n in_o that_o enormous_a course_n it_o be_v now_o in_o quick_o i_o fear_v break_v out_o into_o open_a ill_a effect_n and_o at_o one_o blow_n deprive_v we_o of_o a_o great_a part_n perhaps_o near_o ¼_n of_o our_o money_n for_o that_o will_v be_v real_o the_o case_n when_o the_o increase_n of_o clip_v money_n make_v it_o hard_o to_o get_v weighty_a and_o man_n begin_v to_o put_v a_o difference_n of_o value_n between_o that_o which_o be_v weighty_a and_o light_a money_n and_o will_v not_o sell_v their_o commodity_n but_o for_o money_n that_o be_v weight_n and_o will_v according_o make_v their_o bargain_n let_v the_o country_n gentleman_n when_o it_o come_v to_o that_o pass_n consider_v what_o the_o decay_n of_o his_o estate_n will_v be_v when_o receive_v his_o rent_n in_o the_o tale_n of_o clip_v shillingsâ—_n according_a to_o his_o bargain_n he_o can_v get_v they_o to_o pass_v at_o market_n for_o more_o than_o their_o weight_n and_o he_o that_o sell_v he_o salt_n or_o silk_n will_v bargain_n for_o 5_o s._n such_o a_o quantity_n if_o he_o pay_v he_o in_o fair_a weighty_a coin_n but_o in_o clip_v money_n he_o will_v not_o take_v under_o 5_o s._n 3_o d._n here_o you_o see_v you_o have_v your_o money_n without_o this_o new_a trick_n of_o coinage_n raise_v 5_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o whether_o to_o any_o advantage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o leave_v every_o one_o to_o judge_v hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o consider_v the_o râ—isiâ—g_n of_o silver_n câ—in_n and_o that_o have_v be_v only_o by_o coin_v it_o with_o lesâ—_n silver_n in_o it_o under_o the_o same_o denomination_n there_o be_v another_o way_n yet_o of_o raise_v money_n which_o have_v something_o more_o of_o reality_n though_o as_o little_a good_a as_o the_o former_a in_o it_o which_o now_o that_o we_o be_v upon_o the_o chapter_n of_o raise_v of_o money_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v when_o either_o of_o the_o two_o rich_a metal_n which_o money_n be_v usual_o make_v of_o be_v by_o law_n raise_v above_o its_o natural_a value_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o gold_n and_o silver_n have_v in_o almost_o all_o age_n and_o part_n of_o the_o world_n where_o money_n be_v use_v general_o be_v think_v the_o fit_a material_n to_o make_v it_o of_o but_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disproportion_n in_o the_o plenty_n of_o these_o metal_n in_o the_o world_n one_o have_v always_o be_v value_v much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n have_v exchange_v for_o several_a ounce_n of_o silver_n as_o at_o present_a our_o guinea_n pass_v for_o 21_o s._n 6_o d._n in_o silver_n gold_n be_v now_o about_o 15_o ½_o time_n more_o worth_a than_o silver_n there_o be_v about_o 15_o ½_o time_n more_o silver_n in_o 21_o s._n 6_o d._n than_o there_o be_v gold_n in_o a_o guinea_n this_o be_v now_o the_o market_n rate_v of_o gold_n to_o silver_n if_o by_o a_o establish_a law_n the_o rate_n of_o guinea_n shall_v be_v set_v high_a as_o to_o 22_o s._n and_o 6_o d._n they_o will_v be_v raise_v indeed_o but_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o this_o law_n gold_n be_v raise_v 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z above_o its_o natural_a true_a value_n foreigner_n will_v find_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o send_v their_o gold_n hither_o and_o so_o fetch_v away_o your_o silver_n at_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z profit_n and_o so_o much_o loss_n to_o you_o for_o when_o so_o much_o gold_n as_o will_v purchase_v but_o 100_o ounce_n of_o silver_n any_o where_o else_o will_v in_o england_n purchase_v the_o merchant_n 105_o ounce_n what_o shall_v hinder_v he_o from_o bring_v his_o gold_n to_o so_o good_a a_o market_n and_o eiâ—her_o sell_v it_o at_o the_o mint_n where_o it_o will_v yield_v so_o much_o or_o have_v it_o coin_v into_o guinea_n either_o go_v with_o they_o to_o market_n with_o that_o advantage_n of_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o the_o very_a sort_n of_o his_o money_n or_o change_v they_o into_o silver_n and_o carry_v that_o away_o with_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o by_o a_o law_n you_o will_v raise_v your_o silver_n money_n and_o make_v 4_o crown_n or_o 20_o s._n in_o silver_n equal_a to_o a_o guinea_n at_o which_o rate_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v first_o coin_v so_o that_o by_o your_o law_n a_o guinea_n shall_v pass_v but_o for_o 20_o s._n the_o same_o inconvenience_n will_v follow_v for_o than_o stranger_n will_v bring_v in_o silver_n and_o carry_v away_o your_o gold_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v here_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n than_o any_o where_o else_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o inconvenience_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fear_v for_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o people_n find_v that_o gold_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o or_o that_o it_o be_v more_o worth_a than_o the_o law_n set_v upon_o it_o they_o will_v not_o then_o part_v with_o it_o at_o the_o statute-rate_n as_o we_o see_v the_o broad_a piece_n that_o be_v coin_v in_o k._n james_n i._o time_n for_o 20_o s._n no_o body_n will_v now_o part_v with_o under_o 23_o s._n or_o more_o according_a to_o the_o market_n value_n this_o i_o grant_v be_v true_a and_o it_o do_v plain_o confess_v the_o foolishness_n of_o make_v a_o law_n which_o can_v produce_v the_o effect_n it_o be_v make_v for_o as_o indeed_o it_o will_v not_o when_o you_o will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o respect_n of_o gold_n above_o its_o natural_a market_n value_n for_o then_o as_o we_o see_v in_o our_o gold_n the_o price_n of_o it_o will_v raise_v its_o self_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o you_o shall_v by_o a_o law_n set_v the_o value_n of_o gold_n above_o its_o 〈◊〉_d than_o people_n will_v be_v bind_v to_o receive_v it_o at_o that_o high_a rate_n and_o so_o part_v with_o their_o silver_n at_o a_o under_o value_n but_o suppose_v that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v your_o silver_n in_o respect_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o when_o you_o will_v raise_v the_o value_n