profitable_a 6._o we_o have_v people_n enough_o and_o more_o than_o we_o can_v employ_v 7._o to_o suffer_v artificer_n to_o have_v as_o many_o apprentice_n as_o they_o will_v be_v to_o destroy_v trade_n 8._o the_o admission_n of_o stranger_n be_v to_o call_v in_o other_o to_o eat_v the_o bread_n out_o of_o our_o own_o mouth_n 9_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o live_v and_o trade_n in_o a_o corporation_n that_o be_v not_o a_o freeman_n of_o the_o place_n 10._o nor_o shall_v any_o be_v freeman_n that_o be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o freeman_n or_o have_v serve_v seven_o year_n apprenticeship_n 11._o it_o be_v better_a we_o trade_v but_o for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_n profit_n then_o for_o three_o hundred_o at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n profit_n and_o so_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la 12._o our_o plantation_n depopulate_v and_o consequent_o impoverish_v england_n with_o abundance_n more_o that_o may_v be_v name_v but_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v occasional_o hint_v and_o i_o hope_v they_o and_o other_o confute_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o what_o follow_v as_o well_o as_o by_o what_o most_o man_n observe_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v wonderful_o fit_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o god_n almighty_n for_o a_o great_a progression_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o improve_v and_o advance_v trade_n and_o that_o the_o way_n to_o those_o improvement_n be_v not_o hedge_v up_o with_o thorn_n nor_o hide_v from_o we_o in_o the_o dark_a or_o intrigue_v with_o difficulty_n but_o very_o natural_a and_o facile_a if_o we_o will_v set_v about_o they_o and_o begin_v the_o right_a way_n cast_v off_o some_o of_o our_o old_a mistake_a principle_n in_o trade_n which_o we_o inherit_v from_o our_o ancestor_n who_o be_v soldier_n huntsman_n and_o herdsman_n and_o therefore_o necessary_o unskilful_a in_o the_o mystery_n of_o and_o method_n to_o improve_v trade_n though_o their_o natural_a part_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o we_o trade_n be_v but_o a_o novel_a thing_n in_o england_n comparative_o to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n not_o yet_o advance_v to_o the_o one_o five_o part_n of_o improvement_n that_o this_o land_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o i_o think_v no_o true_a englishman_n will_v deny_v that_o the_o season_n â—ries_v aloud_o to_o we_o to_o be_v up_o and_o do_v before_o our_o field_n become_v unoccupied_a and_o before_o the_o dutch_a get_v too_o much_o the_o whip-hand_n of_o we_o who_o in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v they_o free_v from_o their_o french_a fear_n which_o they_o labour_v under_o at_o present_a i_o fear_v we_o shall_v find_v as_o severe_a taskmaster_n as_o ever_o the_o athenian_n be_v to_o the_o lesser_a trade_n city_n of_o greece_n neither_o be_v the_o dutch_a the_o only_a neighbour_n we_o have_v at_o this_o time_n for_o corrival_n in_o trade_n but_o the_o french_a king_n and_o king_n of_o sweeden_n be_v now_o as_o active_a circumspect_a industrious_a and_o prospective_n too_o in_o this_o affair_n and_o have_v and_o be_v order_v thing_n as_o prudent_o for_o promote_a thereof_o as_o the_o dutch_a themselves_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v this_o treatise_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o enlarge_v upon_o so_o many_o particular_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v for_o public_a good_a but_o will_v cross_v the_o particular_a end_n as_o well_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o private_a person_n and_o still_o the_o more_o be_v say_v the_o more_o be_v disoblige_v but_o my_o duty_n to_o my_o country_n overcome_v those_o doubtful_a consideration_n i_o have_v adventure_v this_o second_o time_n to_o expose_v my_o conception_n to_o public_a censure_n with_o this_o confidence_n that_o after_o these_o principle_n have_v suffer_v the_o accustomary_a persecution_n of_o tongue_n and_o pen_n natural_o and_o constant_o accompany_v all_o new_a proposal_n for_o a_o while_n they_o will_v at_o length_n the_o most_o if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o or_o something_o very_o like_o they_o come_v to_o be_v general_o receive_v and_o honour_v with_o the_o public_a sanction_n by_o be_v pass_v into_o law_n gradual_o not_o at_o once_o concern_v the_o time_n whereof_o i_o be_o not_o careful_a but_o for_o my_o country_n sake_n i_o can_v wish_v it_o may_v be_v shorten_v the_o content_n first_o a_o discourse_n concern_v trade_n etc._n etc._n chap._n i._n a_o short_a reply_n to_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v interest_n of_o money_n mistake_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a p._n 55._o chap._n iii_o concern_v company_n of_o merchant_n p._n 80._o chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o act_n of_o navigation_n p._n 90._o chap._n v._n concern_v transferrance_n of_o debt_n p._n 106._o chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court-merchant_n p._n 112._o chap._n vii_o concern_v naturalisation_n p._n 122._o chap._n viii_o concern_v wool_n and_o woollen_a manufacture_n p._n 127._o chap._n ix_o concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n p._n 135._o chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n p._n 164._o a_o small_a treatise_n against_o usury_n p._n 205._o a_o discourse_n concern_v trade_n etc._n etc._n the_o prodigious_a increase_n of_o the_o netherlander_n in_o their_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a trade_n riches_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n be_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o present_a and_o may_v be_v the_o wonder_n of_o all_o future_a generation_n and_o yet_o the_o mean_n whereby_o they_o have_v thus_o advance_v themselves_o be_v sufficient_o obvious_a and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n imitable_a by_o most_o other_o nation_n but_o more_o easy_o by_o we_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n some_o of_o the_o say_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o have_v advance_v their_o trade_n and_o thereby_o improve_v their_o estate_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o they_o have_v in_o their_o great_a council_n of_o state_n and_o war_n trading-merchant_n that_o have_v live_v abroad_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n who_o have_v not_o only_o the_o theoretical_a knowledge_n but_o the_o practical_a experience_n of_o trade_n by_o who_o law_n and_o order_n be_v contrive_v and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a prince_n project_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o their_o trade_n second_o their_o law_n of_o gavel-kind_n whereby_o all_o their_o child_n possess_v a_o equal_a share_n of_o their_o father_n estate_n after_o their_o decease_n and_o so_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o wrestle_v with_o the_o world_n in_o their_o youth_n with_o inconsiderable_a assistance_n of_o fortune_n as_o most_o of_o our_o young_a son_n of_o gentleman_n in_o england_n be_v who_o be_v bind_v apprentice_n to_o merchant_n three_o their_o exact_a make_n of_o all_o their_o native_a commodity_n and_o pack_v of_o their_o herring_n codfish_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n which_o they_o send_v abroad_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o repute_n of_o their_o say_a commodity_n abroad_o continue_v always_o good_a and_o the_o buyer_n will_v accept_v of_o they_o by_o the_o mark_n without_o open_v whereas_o the_o fish_n which_o our_o english_a make_v in_o newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n and_o herring_n at_o yarmouth_n often_o prove_v false_a and_o deceitful_o make_v and_o our_o pilchard_n from_o the_o west-country_n false_a pack_v seldom_o contain_v the_o quantity_n for_o which_o the_o hogshead_n be_v mark_v in_o which_o they_o be_v pack_v and_o in_o england_n the_o attempt_n which_o our_o forefather_n make_v for_o regulate_v of_o manufacture_n when_o leave_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o a_o short_a time_n resolve_v but_o into_o a_o tax_n upon_o the_o commodity_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o goodness_n thereof_o as_o most_o notorious_o appear_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o aulnage_n which_o doubtless_o our_o predecessor_n intend_v for_o a_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o commodity_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n a_o seal_n be_v invent_v as_o a_o signal_n that_o the_o commodity_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n which_o seal_v it_o be_v say_v may_v now_o be_v buy_v by_o thousand_o and_o put_v upon_o what_o the_o buyer_n please_v four_o their_o give_v great_a encouragement_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o inventor_n of_o new_a manufacture_n and_o the_o discoverer_n of_o any_o new_a mystery_n in_o trade_n and_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v bring_v the_o commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n among_o they_o for_o which_o the_o author_n never_o go_v without_o his_o due_a reward_n allow_v he_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n five_o their_o contrive_v and_o building_n of_o great_a ship_n to_o sail_v with_o small_a charge_n not_o above_o one_o three_o of_o what_o we_o be_v at_o for_o ship_n
of_o the_o same_o burden_n in_o england_n and_o compel_v their_o say_a ship_n be_v of_o small_a force_n to_o sail_v always_o in_o fleet_n to_o which_o in_o all_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o allow_v convoy_n six_o their_o parsimonious_a and_o thrifty_a live_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o a_o merchant_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_v estate_n with_o they_o will_v scarce_o spend_v so_o much_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o one_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n estate_n in_o london_n seven_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n as_o well_o daughter_n as_o son_n all_o which_o be_v they_o of_o never_o so_o great_a quality_n or_o estate_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o bring_v up_o to_o write_v perfect_a good_a hand_n and_o to_o have_v the_o full_a knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o arithemetick_n and_o merchants-account_n the_o well_o understand_v and_o practice_n whereof_o do_v strange_o infuse_v into_o most_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o that_o quality_n of_o either_o sex_n not_o only_o a_o ability_n for_o commerce_n of_o all_o kind_n but_o a_o strong_a aptitude_n love_n and_o delight_n in_o it_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o woman_n be_v as_o know_v therein_o as_o the_o man_n it_o do_v encourage_v their_o husband_n to_o hold_v on_o in_o their_o trade_n to_o their_o die_a day_n know_v the_o capacity_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o get_v in_o their_o estate_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n after_o their_o death_n whereas_o if_o a_o merchant_n in_o england_n arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a estate_n he_o common_o withdraws_a his_o estate_n from_o trade_n before_o he_o come_v near_o the_o confine_n of_o old_a age_n reckon_v that_o if_o god_n shall_v call_v he_o out_o of_o the_o world_n while_o the_o main_a of_o his_o estate_n be_v engage_v abroad_o in_o trade_n he_o must_v lose_v one_o three_o of_o it_o through_o the_o unexperience_n and_o unaptness_n of_o his_o wife_n to_o such_o affair_n and_o so_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o beside_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o arithmetic_n that_o like_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n it_o do_v not_o only_o improve_v the_o rational_a faculty_n but_o incline_v those_o that_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o to_o thriftiness_n and_o good-husbandry_n and_o prevent_v both_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o some_o measure_n from_o run_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n when_o they_o have_v it_o always_o ready_a in_o their_o head_n what_o their_o expense_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o how_o soon_o by_o that_o course_n their_o ruin_n must_v overtake_v they_o eight_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o the_o height_n of_o their_o excise_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a tax_n in_o the_o world_n and_o least_o prejudical_a to_o any_o people_n as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v be_v it_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n nine_o the_o careful_a provide_v for_o and_o employment_n of_o their_o poor_a which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o demonstrate_v can_v never_o be_v do_v in_o england_n comparative_o to_o what_o it_o be_v with_o they_o while_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o look_v after_o their_o own_o only_a ten_o their_o use_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v of_o so_o immense_a advantage_n to_o they_o that_o some_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n have_v estimate_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o public_a to_o amount_v to_o at_o least_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la eleven_o their_o toleration_n of_o different_a opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o industrious_a people_n of_o other_o country_n that_o dissent_n from_o the_o establish_v government_n of_o their_o own_o church_n resort_n to_o they_o with_o thetr_n family_n and_o estate_n and_o after_o a_o few_o year_n co-habitation_n with_o they_o become_v of_o the_o same_o common_a interest_n twelve_o their_o law-merchant_n by_o which_o all_o controversy_n between_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n be_v decide_v in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n and_o that_o not_o at_o the_o forty_o part_n i_o may_v say_v in_o many_o case_n not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n they_o be_v with_o we_o thirteen_o the_o law_n that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o for_o transference_n of_o bill_n for_o debt_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a advantage_n to_o they_o in_o their_o commerce_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o can_v turn_v their_o stock_n twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o trade_n for_o once_o that_o we_o can_v in_o england_n for_o that_o have_v sell_v our_o foreign_a good_n here_o we_o can_v buy_v again_o to_o advantage_n till_o we_o be_v possess_v of_o our_o money_n which_o it_o may_v be_v we_o shall_v be_v six_o nine_o or_o twelve_o month_n in_o recover_v and_o if_o what_o we_o sell_v be_v considerable_a it_o be_v a_o good_a man_n work_n all_o the_o year_n to_o be_v follow_v vintner_n and_o shopkeeper_n for_o money_n whereas_o be_v the_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n in_o practice_n with_o we_o we_o can_v present_o after_o sale_n of_o our_o good_n dispose_v of_o our_o bill_n and_o close_o up_o our_o account_n to_o do_v which_o the_o advantage_n ease_n and_o accommodation_n it_o will_v be_v to_o trade_n be_v so_o great_a that_o none_o but_o merchant_n that_o have_v live_v where_o that_o custom_n be_v in_o use_n can_v value_v to_o its_o due_a proportion_n fourteen_o their_o keep_n up_o public_a register_n of_o all_o land_n and_o house_n sell_v or_o mortgage_v whereby_o many_o chargeable_a law-suit_n be_v prevent_v and_o the_o security_n of_o land_n and_o house_n render_v indeed_o such_o as_o we_o common_o call_v they_o real_a security_n last_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n with_o they_o which_o in_o peaceable_a time_n exceed_v not_o three_o per_n cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o be_v now_o during_o this_o war_n with_o england_n not_o above_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o most_o some_o more_o particular_n may_v be_v add_v and_o those_o aforesaid_a further_o improve_v be_v it_o my_o purpose_n to_o discourse_v at_o large_a of_o trade_n but_o see_v most_o of_o the_o former_a particular_n be_v observe_v and_o grant_v by_o all_o man_n that_o make_v it_o any_o part_n of_o their_o business_n to_o inspect_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o principle_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o last_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o commerce_n of_o that_o people_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o paper_n confine_v myself_o to_o write_v principal_o my_o observation_n touch_v that_o viz._n the_o profit_n that_o people_n have_v receive_v and_o any_o other_o may_v receive_v by_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o very_a low_a rate_n this_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n be_v the_o causa_fw-la causans_fw-la of_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o that_o people_n and_o that_o if_o interest_n of_o money_n be_v with_o we_o reduceâ—_n to_o the_o same_o rate_n it_o be_v with_o they_o iâ—_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n render_v we_o as_o ricâ—_n and_o considerable_a in_o trade_n as_o they_o noâ—_n be_v and_o consequent_o be_v of_o greateâ—_n damage_n to_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o we_o then_o can_v happen_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o this_o present_a war_n though_o the_o success_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o good_a as_o we_o can_v wish_v except_o it_o end_v in_o theâ—r_n total_a ruin_n and_o extirpation_n to_o illustrate_v this_o let_v we_o impartial_o search_v our_o book_n and_o inquire_v what_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o riches_n before_o any_o law_n concern_v interest_n of_o money_n be_v make_v the_o first_o whereof_o that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v anno_fw-la 1545._o and_o we_o shall_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n then_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o the_o merchant_n very_o mean_a and_o few_o and_o that_o afterward_o viz._n anno_fw-la 1635._o within_o ten_o year_n after_o interest_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o eight_o per_fw-la cent_z there_o be_v more_o merchant_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n worth_n each_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o upward_o than_o be_v in_o the_o former_a day_n viz._n before_o the_o year_n 1600._o to_o be_v find_v worth_n one_o hundred_o pound_n each_o and_o now_o since_o interest_n have_v be_v for_o about_o twenty_o year_n at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_z notwithstanding_o our_o long_a civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a complaint_n of_o the_o deadness_n of_o trade_n there_o be_v more_o man_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o exchange_n now_o worth_a ten_o thousand_o pound_n estate_n than_o be_v then_o of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o if_o this_o be_v doubt_v let_v we_o ask_v the_o age_a whether_o five_o hundred_o
in_o england_n because_o he_o can_v make_v above_o three_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o it_o upon_o interest_n at_o home_n but_o if_o they_o shall_v call_v home_o all_o the_o money_n they_o have_v with_o we_o at_o interest_n it_o will_v be_v better_o for_o we_o than_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o for_o the_o borrower_n be_v always_o a_o slave_n to_o the_o lender_n and_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v always_o keep_v poor_a while_o the_o other_o be_v fat_a and_o full_a he_o that_o use_v a_o stock_n that_o be_v none_o of_o his_o own_o be_v force_v for_o the_o uphold_v his_o reputation_n to_o live_v to_o the_o full_a if_o not_o above_o the_o proportion_n of_o what_o he_o do_v so_o use_v while_o the_o lender_n possese_v much_o and_o use_v little_a or_o none_o live_v only_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o what_o he_o use_v and_o not_o of_o what_o he_o have_v beside_o if_o with_o this_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n a_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n shall_v pass_v we_o shall_v not_o miss_v the_o dutch_a money_n be_v it_o ten_o time_n as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v among_o we_o for_o that_o such_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o supply_v the_o the_o defect_n of_o at_o least_o one_o half_a of_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n we_o have_v in_o use_n in_o the_o nation_n object_n 2._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v land_n must_v rise_v in_o purchase_n and_o consequent_o rent_n and_o if_o rent_n than_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v dear_a and_o how_o shall_v the_o poor_a live_v etc._n etc._n answ._n to_o this_o i_o say_v if_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o our_o land_n in_o consequence_n of_o such_o a_o law_n for_o abatement_n of_o interest_n grow_v general_o dear_a it_o be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o our_o people_n grow_v rich_a for_o general_o wherever_o provision_n be_v for_o continuance_n of_o year_n dear_a in_o any_o country_n the_o people_n be_v rich_a and_o where_o they_o be_v most_o cheap_a throughout_o the_o world_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o people_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o for_o our_o own_o poor_a in_o england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o live_v better_o in_o the_o dear_a country_n for_o provision_n than_o in_o the_o cheap_a and_o better_a in_o a_o dear_a year_n than_o in_o a_o cheap_a especial_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o public_a good_a for_o that_o in_o a_o cheap_a year_n they_o will_v not_o work_v above_o two_o day_n in_o a_o week_n their_o humour_n be_v such_o that_o they_o will_v not_o provide_v for_o a_o hard_a time_n but_o just_a work_n so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o as_o may_v maintain_v they_o in_o that_o mean_a condition_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v object_n 3._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v usurer_n will_v call_v in_o their_o money_n so_o what_o shall_v gentleman_n do_v who_o estate_n be_v mortgage_v etc._n etc._n answ._n i_o answer_v that_o when_o they_o know_v they_o can_v make_v no_o more_o of_o their_o money_n by_o take_v out_o of_o one_o and_o put_v it_o in_o another_o hand_n they_o will_v not_o be_v so_o forward_o as_o they_o threaten_v to_o alter_v that_o security_n they_o know_v be_v good_a for_o another_o that_o may_v be_v bad_a or_o if_o they_o shall_v do_v it_o our_o law_n be_v not_o so_o severe_a but_o that_o gentleman_n may_v take_v time_n to_o dispose_v of_o part_n of_o their_o land_n which_o immediate_o after_o such_o a_o law_n will_v yield_v they_o thirty_o yeaâ—s_n purchase_v at_o least_o and_o much_o better_a it_o be_v for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v than_o to_o abide_v long_o under_o that_o consume_a plague_n of_o usury_n which_o have_v insensible_o destroy_v very_o many_o of_o the_o best_a family_n in_o england_n as_o well_o of_o our_o nobility_n as_o gentry_n object_n 4._o as_o interest_n be_v now_o at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n the_o king_n majesty_n upon_o any_o emergency_n can_v hardly_o be_v supply_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n how_o shall_v the_o king_n find_v a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v lend_v he_o by_o his_o people_n answ._n i_o answer_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o the_o people_n be_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o the_o king_n when_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n for_o what_o be_v borrow_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n or_o other_o body_n politic_a nothing_o can_v be_v demand_v but_o the_o legal_a interest_n and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n of_o private_a person_n be_v his_o majesty_n according_a to_o good_a right_n be_v above_o the_o common_a course_n of_o law_n the_o king_n must_v and_o always_o have_v give_v more_o than_o the_o legal_a rate_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o legal_a rate_n be_v now_o six_o per_n cent_n but_o his_o majesty_n or_o such_o as_o have_v dispose_v of_o his_o majesty_n exchequer-tally_n have_v be_v say_v to_o give_v ten_o and_o twelve_o in_o some_o case_n and_o if_o the_o legal_a rate_n be_v ten_o his_o majesty_n may_v probable_o give_v thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o so_o if_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n his_o majesty_n in_o such_o case_n as_o he_o now_o give_v ten_o must_v give_v six_o or_o seven_o by_o which_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v a_o clear_a advantage_n object_n 5._o if_o interest_n be_v abate_v it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o widow_n and_o orphan_n who_o have_v not_o knowledge_n and_o ability_n to_o improve_v their_o estate_n otherwise_o answ._n i_o answer_v that_o by_o our_o law_n now_o heir_n and_o orphan_n can_v recover_v no_o interest_n from_o their_o parent_n executor_n except_o it_o be_v leave_v full_o and_o absolute_o to_o the_o executor_n to_o dispose_v and_o put_v out_o money_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o executor_n for_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o orphan_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o leave_v to_o the_o exccutors_n discretion_n they_o may_v improve_v the_o money_n leave_v they_o in_o trade_n or_o purchase_v of_o land_n and_o lease_n as_o well_o as_o by_o interest_n or_o when_o not_o the_o damage_n such_o heir_n and_o orphan_n will_v sustain_v in_o their_o minority_n be_v but_o two_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a advantage_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o nation_n in_o generel_n by_o such_o abatement_n of_o interest_n beside_o when_o such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v and_o in_o use_n all_o man_n will_v so_o take_v care_n in_o their_o life_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o educate_v their_o child_n and_o instruct_v their_o wife_n as_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v happen_v thereby_o as_o we_o see_v there_o do_v not_o in_o holland_n and_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n where_o interest_n be_v so_o low_a have_v now_o offer_v my_o thought_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a objection_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o that_o we_o inquire_v who_o will_v be_v advantage_v and_o who_o will_v receive_v prejudice_n in_o case_n such_o a_o law_n be_v make_v first_o his_o majesty_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n will_n when_o he_o have_v occasion_n take_v up_o money_n on_o better_a term_n beside_o which_o he_o will_v receive_v a_o great_a augmentation_n to_o his_o revenue_n thereby_o all_o his_o land_n be_v immediate_o worth_a after_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n double_a to_o what_o they_o be_v before_o his_o custom_n will_v be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n which_o must_v necessary_o ensue_v upon_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o estate_n he_o most_o in_o land_n may_v present_o upon_o all_o they_o have_v instead_o of_o fifty_o write_v one_o hundred_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n who_o bear_v the_o heat_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o day_n most_o of_o our_o trade_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o young_a man_n that_o take_v up_o money_n at_o interest_n will_v find_v their_o yoke_n sit_v light_a upon_o their_o shoulder_n and_o be_v encourage_v to_o go_v on_o with_o great_a alacrity_n in_o their_o business_n our_o mariner_n shipwright_n porter_n cloathier_n packer_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o labour_a people_n that_o depend_v on_o trade_n will_v be_v more_o constant_o and_o full_o employ_v our_o farmer_n sell_v the_o product_n of_o their_o land_n at_o better_a rate_n and_o whereas_o our_o neighbour_n the_o netherlander_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o largeness_n of_o their_o stock_n and_o experience_n the_o son_n continual_o succeed_v the_o father_n in_o trade_n to_o many_o generation_n we_o may_v not_o unfit_o in_o this_o case_n term_v son_n of_o anach_n and_o man_n of_o renown_n against_o who_o we_o fight_v dwarf_n and_o pigmy_n in_o stock_n and_o experience_n be_v young_a brother_n of_o gentleman_n that_o seldom_o have_v
buyer_n will_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o land_n if_o they_o trade_v they_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o trader_n and_o consequent_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n and_o let_v their_o money_n lie_v dead_a by_o they_o i_o think_v i_o have_v full_o prove_v they_o can_v in_o a_o addition_n i_o publish_v to_o my_o first_o observation_n 4._o by_o reason_n for_o first_o whilst_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o man_n will_v run_v a_o adventure_n to_o sea_n for_o the_o gain_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z which_o the_o dutch_a have_v money_n at_o 4_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z at_o interest_n be_v content_v with_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v follow_v a_o vast_a trade_n in_o salt_n from_o st_n vuall_a rochel_n and_o other_o part_n to_o the_o baltiquâ—_n sea_n and_o also_o their_o fish_n trade_n for_o herring_n and_o whale-fishing_a which_o we_o neglect_v as_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o trouble_n and_o hazard_n while_o we_o can_v make_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z of_o our_o money_n sleep_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o money_n employ_v in_o trade_n in_o any_o nation_n bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o the_o interest_n pay_v for_o money_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o money_n be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o england_n no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n will_v follow_v any_o trade_n whereby_o he_o do_v not_o promise_v himself_o 14_o or_o 12_o per_fw-la cent_z gain_n at_o least_o when_o interest_n be_v at_o 8_o the_o hope_n of_o 12_o or_o 10_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a as_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v now_o interest_n go_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o infallible_a consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o trade_n before_o recite_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o muscovy_n and_o greenland_n and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o of_o all_o other_o that_o will_v not_o afford_v we_o a_o clear_a profit_n of_o 8_o or_o 9_o per_fw-mi cent_z we_o careless_o give_v away_o to_o the_o dutch_a and_o must_v do_v so_o forever_o unless_o we_o bring_v our_o interest_n near_o to_o a_o par_fw-fr with_o they_o and_o hence_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n it_o follow_v very_o clear_o that_o if_o our_o interest_n be_v abate_v one_o three_o part_n it_o will_v occasion_v the_o employment_n of_o one_o three_o part_n more_o of_o man_n ship_n and_o stock_n in_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a trade_n this_o discover_v the_o vanity_n of_o all_o our_o attempt_n for_o gain_v of_o the_o white-herring_n fishing-trade_n of_o which_o the_o dutch_a as_o every_o body_n observe_v make_v wonderful_a great_a advantage_n though_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n i_o wish_v as_o many_o do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o now_o though_o i_o have_v touch_v it_o in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o plain_a case_n be_v this_o a_o dutchman_n will_v be_v content_a to_o employ_v a_o stock_n of_o 5_o or_o 10000_o l._n in_o burse_v material_n for_o fish_v victual_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o this_o trade_n and_o if_o at_o the_o wind_a up_o of_o his_o account_n he_o find_v he_o have_v get_v clear_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la for_o his_o stock_n and_o adventure_n 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o thank_v god_n and_o tell_v his_o neighbour_n he_o have_v have_v a_o thrive_a trade_n now_o while_o every_o slothful_a ignorant_a man_n with_o we_o that_o have_v but_o wit_n enough_o to_o tell_v out_o his_o money_n to_o a_o gold_n smith_n can_v get_v 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z without_o pain_n or_o care_n be_v it_o not_o monstrous_a absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v do_v aâ—y_o good_a upon_o this_o trade_n till_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o right_a end_n which_o must_v be_v to_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n second_o the_o deprave_a nature_n of_o man_n affect_v ease_n and_o pleasure_n while_o use_n of_o money_n run_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z have_v always_o at_o hand_n a_o easy_a expedient_a to_o indulge_v that_o humour_n and_o reconcile_v it_o to_o another_o as_o considerable_a viz._n his_o covetousness_n by_o put_v his_o money_n to_o use_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n through_o his_o youthful_a care_n and_o industry_n arrive_v to_o a_o estate_n of_o 20000_o l._n in_o twenty_o year_n trade_v whilst_o money_n be_v so_o high_a and_o land_n so_o low_a he_o can_v easy_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n which_o be_v interest_n of_o money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z he_o can_v not_o do_v and_o consequent_o must_v not_o only_o follow_v his_o trade_n himself_o but_o make_v his_o child_n trader_n also_o for_o to_o leave_v they_o money_n without_o skill_n to_o use_v it_o will_v advantage_v little_a and_o purchase_v of_o land_n less_o when_o the_o fall_n of_o interest_n shall_v raise_v they_o to_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n purchase_v which_o i_o hope_v yet_o to_o live_v to_o see_v three_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n keep_v to_o their_o trade_n and_o child_n succeed_a their_o father_n therein_o will_v ensue_v to_o merchant_n great_a skill_n in_o trade_n more_o exact_a and_o certain_a correspondency_n sure_a &_o more_o trusty_a factor_n abroad_o &_o those_o better_o acquaint_v &_o concatinate_v together_o by_o the_o experimental_a link_n of_o each_o other_o humour_n style_n estate_n and_o business_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o prudent_a man_n can_v do_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n after_o his_o settle_n in_o london_n to_o be_v exact_o well_o fit_v with_o factor_n in_o all_o part_n and_o those_o by_o correspondency_n bring_v into_o a_o mutual_a acquaintance_n of_o each_o other_o and_o honest_a workman_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v trade_v ten_o year_n long_o if_o he_o succeed_v well_o it_o be_v six_o to_o one_o but_o he_o leave_v trade_n and_o turn_v country_n gentleman_n or_o usurer_n and_o so_o that_o profitable_a engine_n the_o wheel_n whereof_o by_o correspondency_n move_v one_o another_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o have_v be_v so_o long_o a_o frame_n within_o a_o few_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o work_v well_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n and_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o to_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v ten_o time_n more_o than_o to_o he_o that_o make_v it_o be_v lose_v whereas_o in_o holland_n and_o italy_n where_o money_n be_v at_o 3_o and_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_o consequent_o merchant_n force_v to_o keep_v and_o trust_v to_o their_o trade_n only_o their_o business_n be_v and_o must_v be_v so_o order_v and_o carry_v on_o from_o the_o beginning_n that_o when_o a_o man_n die_v the_o trade_n be_v no_o more_o disturb_v then_o when_o the_o wife_n die_v in_o england_n i_o be_o ashamed_a of_o the_o odious_a prolixity_n and_o repetition_n i_o be_o contrary_a to_o my_o nature_n force_v to_o use_v but_o my_o opposer_n do_v so_o often_o and_o i_o think_v disingenuous_o upbraid_v i_o with_o beg_v the_o question_n that_o i_o be_o compel_v to_o it_o the_o four_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n if_o the_o former_a be_v true_a that_o it_o increase_v foreign_a trade_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v a_o necessary_a and_o infallible_a consequence_n of_o that_o for_o we_o see_v throughout_o the_o world_n wherever_o there_o be_v the_o great_a trade_n there_o be_v the_o most_o artificer_n and_o that_o since_o our_o own_o trade_n increase_v in_o england_n our_o artificer_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v proportionable_o increase_v the_o building_n of_o london_n have_v make_v multitude_n of_o bricklayer_n and_o carpenter_n much_o use_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v ship_n dear_a and_o the_o dearness_n of_o ship_n will_v make_v many_o shipwright_n much_o foreign_a trade_n will_v increase_v the_o vent_n of_o our_o native_a manufacture_n and_o much_o vent_n will_v make_v many_o workman_n and_o if_o we_o can_v get_v and_o breed_v they_o fast_o enough_o ourselves_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o foreign_a part_n as_o the_o dutch_a draw_v away_o we_o it_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o true_a observation_n of_o as_o i_o remember_v sir_n walter_n raleigh_n that_o no_o nation_n can_v want_v people_n that_o have_v good_a law_n the_o five_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v that_o it_o incline_v a_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n this_o be_v likewise_o consequent_a to_o the_o former_a and_o by_o experience_n make_v good_a in_o england_n for_o since_o our_o trade_n increase_v though_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v grow_v rich_a as_o i_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o more_o splendid_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n householdstuff_n and_o all_o other_o outward_a sign_n of_o riches_n yet_o be_v we_o not_o half_a so_o much_o give_v to_o hospitality_n and_o good_a housekeep_n
as_o it_o be_v call_v as_o in_o former_a day_n when_o our_o great_a expense_n be_v upon_o our_o belly_n the_o most_o destructive_a consumption_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o nourish_v idleness_n luxury_n and_o beggary_n whereas_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o expense_n which_o follow_v trade_n encourage_v labour_n art_n and_o invention_n to_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n conjoynt_v with_o excise_n upon_o our_o home_n consumption_n if_o the_o late_a can_v be_v hit_v upon_o without_o disturbance_n to_o trade_n or_o danger_n of_o continuation_n be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a and_o effectual_a sumptuary_n law_n that_o ever_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o nation_n and_o most_o necessitating_a and_o engage_v any_o people_n to_o thriftiness_n the_o high_a road_n to_o riches_n as_o well_o for_o nation_n as_o private_a family_n the_o frugal_a italian_n of_o old_a and_o the_o provident_a dutch_a of_o 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manifest_a in_o that_o instance_n of_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n and_o if_o these_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o abate_v interest_n than_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o kingdom_n for_o quicquid_fw-la efficit_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n now_o to_o answer_v his_o four_o recite_v reason_n viz._n first_o he_o say_v if_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o riches_n no_o country_n will_v be_v poor_a all_o desire_a riches_n rather_o than_o poverty_n and_o all_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o state_n their_o interest_n as_o low_a as_o they_o please_v by_o law_n i_o answer_v first_o whatever_o nation_n do_v it_o gradual_o for_o so_o it_o must_v be_v do_v as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o england_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_z being_n enough_o to_o abate_v at_o one_o time_n will_v find_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v but_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o age_n and_o can_v be_v do_v at_o once_o for_o nec_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la lex_fw-la operantur_fw-la per_fw-la saltum_fw-la second_o it_o be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o imagine_v that_o any_o country_n understand_v their_o true_a interest_n so_o well_o as_o by_o degree_n to_o abate_v use-money_n will_v not_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o wisdom_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o many_o other_o good_a law_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o trade_n as_o our_o parliament_n have_v still_o proceed_v to_o do_v as_o interest_n have_v be_v abate_v his_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n in_o holland_n they_o may_v take_v as_o much_o vse-money_n as_o they_o can_v get_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v former_o law_n in_o holland_n that_o reduce_v interest_n to_o 8_o and_o 6_o and_o afterward_o to_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o since_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o placart_n for_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o have_v be_v tell_v and_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v since_o reduce_v it_o by_o placart_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z as_o to_o their_o cantor_n and_o all_o public_a receipt_n which_o in_o holland_n be_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o general_a law_n for_o it_o because_o the_o most_o of_o their_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a public_a office_n or_o else_o into_o and_o out_o of_o their_o bank_n for_o which_o no_o use-money_n be_v allow_v which_o several_a gradual_a and_o successful_a abatement_n of_o interest_n do_v occasion_v their_o riches_n at_o first_o and_o bring_v their_o people_n to_o that_o consistency_n of_o wealth_n that_o they_o have_v since_o wrought_v themselves_o into_o such_o a_o abundance_n that_o there_o be_v more_o lender_n now_o than_a borrower_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o 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a_o knavish_a design_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o advance_v themselves_o who_o be_v too_o proud_a already_o and_o that_o if_o it_o go_v forward_o it_o will_v undo_v all_o the_o country_n gentleman_n in_o england_n and_o if_o one_o speak_v with_o the_o city_n usurer_n they_o will_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o plot_n carry_v on_o only_o by_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n be_v all_o in_o land_n for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o that_o it_o will_v spoil_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o project_n at_o one_o instant_a to_o take_v off_o just_a one_o three_o of_o all_o man_n estate_n that_o be_v personal_a and_o add_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o all_o such_o who_o estate_n be_v real_a which_o in_o effect_n be_v to_o impoverish_v all_o the_o young_a and_o enrich_v all_o elder_a brother_n in_o england_n so_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a adversary_n to_o this_o principle_n it_o may_v be_v just_o conclude_v that_o though_o single_o they_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o yet_o joint_o they_o confess_v it_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v nothing_o that_o i_o have_v say_v or_o that_o i_o think_v any_o other_o can_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n but_o be_v say_v in_o substance_n before_o by_o old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n though_o unknown_a to_o i_o who_o have_v a_o ampel_v and_o clear_a sight_n into_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o it_o truth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o though_o illustration_n may_v vary_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n now_o be_v object_v against_o the_o make_n a_o law_n for_o a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o the_o same_o that_o be_v object_v in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o former_a statute_n pass_v so_o that_o why_o my_o opposer_n shall_v cavil_v at_o the_o do_v of_o that_o by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n now_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o â—ike_v well_o if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v i_o know_v no_o real_a cause_n except_o it_o be_v that_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v certain_o do_v the_o work_n as_o it_o have_v do_v former_o and_o in_o consequence_n his_o own_o private_a gain_n will_v be_v retrench_v before_o i_o conclude_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o caution_n to_o my_o countryman_n to_o let_v they_o know_v what_o effect_n these_o discourse_n have_v have_v on_o other_o when_o i_o write_v my_o first_o treatise_n interest_n be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n at_o 15_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la where_o it_o be_v since_o by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o country_n bring_v down_o to_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n a_o great_a fall_n at_o once_o and_o our_o weekly_a gazette_n do_v some_o month_n pass_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o sweed_n by_o a_o law_n have_v bring_v down_o their_o interest_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v any_o good_a effect_n upon_o we_o but_o certain_o the_o contrary_a except_o by_o way_n of_o emulation_n they_o quicken_v we_o to_o provide_v in_o time_n for_o our_o own_o good_a and_o prosperity_n i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o therein_o discharge_v my_o duty_n to_o my_o native_a country_n and_o though_o ignorance_n malice_n or_o private_a interest_n may_v yet_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v it_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o wisdom_n of_o my_o countryman_n will_v at_o length_n find_v their_o true_a and_o general_a interest_n in_o the_o establishment_n of_o such_o a_o law_n which_o as_o to_o my_o own_o particular_a concernment_n signify_v not_o two_o farthing_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o not_o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a this_o be_v a_o calm_a subject_n and_o thwart_v no_o common_a or_o private_a interest_n among_o we_o except_o that_o of_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n the_o devil_n so_o i_o hope_v that_o what_o shall_v be_v offer_v towards_o the_o effect_n of_o so_o universal_o acceptable_a a_o work_n as_o this_o and_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n that_o do_v now_o and_o have_v in_o all_o age_n attend_v this_o kingdom_n through_o defect_n of_o such_o provision_n for_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o be_v ill_o take_v although_o the_o plaster_n at_o first_o essay_n do_v not_o exact_o fit_v the_o sore_a in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v first_o assert_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o think_v arâ—â—greed_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v to_o what_o be_v more_o doubtful_a 1._o that_o our_o poor_a in_o england_n have_v always_o be_v in_o a_o most_o sad_a and_o wretched_a condition_n some_o famish_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n other_o starve_v with_o cold_a and_o nakedness_n and_o many_o whole_a family_n in_o all_o the_o out_o part_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n common_o remain_v in_o a_o languish_a nasty_a and_o useless_a condition_n uncomfortable_a to_o themselves_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v confess_v and_o lament_v by_o all_o men._n 2._o that_o the_o child_n of_o our_o poor_a breed_v up_o in_o beggary_n and_o laziness_n do_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v not_o only_o of_o unhealthy_a body_n and_o more_o than_o ordinary_o subject_a to_o many_o loathsome_a disease_n whereof_o very_a many_o die_n in_o their_o tender_a age_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o do_v arrive_v to_o year_n and_o strength_n they_o be_v by_o their_o idle_a habit_n contract_v in_o their_o youth_n render_v for_o ever_o after_o indispose_v to_o labour_n and_o serve_v only_o to_o stock_n the_o kingdom_n with_o thief_n and_o beggar_n 3._o that_o if_o all_o our_o impotent_a poor_a be_v provide_v for_o and_o those_o of_o both_o sex_n and_o all_o age_n that_o can_v do_v work_n of_o any_o kind_n employ_v it_o will_v redound_v some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o the_o public_a advantage_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o nature_n so_o to_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v the_o poor_a 5._o that_o by_o so_o do_v one_o of_o the_o great_a sin_n for_o which_o this_o land_n ought_v to_o mourn_v will_v be_v remove_v 6._o that_o our_o forefather_n have_v pious_a intention_n towards_o this_o good_a work_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o many_o statute_n make_v by_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n 7._o that_o there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o the_o poor_a be_v so_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v as_o in_o holland_n hambrough_n new-england_n and_o other_o and_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v now_o in_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n thus_o far_o we_o all_o agree_v the_o first_o question_n then_o that_o natural_o occur_v be_v question_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o england_n we_o do_v not_o nor_o ever_o do_v comfortable_o maintain_v and_o employ_v our_o poor_a the_o common_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n be_v two_o 1._o that_o our_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v as_o good_a as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o we_o fail_v in_o the_o execution_n 2._o that_o former_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o pious_a ancestor_n the_o work_n be_v do_v but_o now_o charity_n be_v decease_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n we_o see_v the_o poor_a so_o neglect_v as_o now_o they_o be_v in_o both_o which_o answer_v i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o effect_n be_v mistake_v for_o the_o cause_n for_o though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v a_o great_a failure_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o those_o statute_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o poor_a yet_o i_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o failure_n have_v be_v occasion_v by_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o otherwise_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o our_o late_a time_n of_o confusion_n and_o alteration_n wherein_o almost_o every_o party_n in_o the_o nation_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o take_v their_o turn_n at_o the_o helm_n and_o all_o have_v that_o compass_n those_o law_n to_o steer_v by_o and_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o can_v or_o ever_o do_v conduct_v the_o poor_a into_o a_o harbour_n of_o security_n to_o they_o and_o profit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n none_o sufficient_o maintain_v the_o impotent_a and_o employ_v the_o indigent_a among_o we_o and_o if_o this_o be_v never_o do_v in_o any_o age_n nor_o by_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o have_v the_o use_n of_o those_o law_n now_o in_o force_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o very_a strong_a argument_n that_o it_o never_o can_v nor_o ever_o will_v be_v do_v by_o those_o law_n and_o that_o consequent_o the_o defect_n lie_v in_o the_o law_n themselves_o not_o in_o the_o man_n i._n e._n those_o that_o shall_v put_v they_o in_o execution_n as_o to_o the_o second_o
order_n to_o the_o building_n and_o supply_v our_o ship_n that_o without_o they_o other_o trade_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o the_o honourable_a east-india_n company_n but_o they_o import_v much_o more_o good_n into_o england_n than_o they_o export_v &_o that_o to_o purchase_v the_o same_o they_o carry_v out_o quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n annual_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o world_n will_v affirm_v that_o england_n lose_v by_o that_o trade_n the_o dutch_a with_o good_a reason_n esteem_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o east-indies_n more_o profitable_a to_o they_o than_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o america_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o if_o the_o english_a company_n be_v vest_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o the_o dutch_a have_v and_o thereby_o encourage_v to_o drive_v as_o full_a a_o trade_n thither_o as_o the_o dutch_a do_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v so_o not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o private_a gain_n of_o the_o member_n of_o that_o company_n as_o the_o public_a profit_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o general_a however_o as_o it_o be_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o beneficial_a trade_n this_o nation_n drive_v at_o present_a for_o 1_o st_o that_o trade_n constant_o employ_v twenty_o five_o to_o thirty_o sail_n of_o the_o most_o warlike_a ship_n in_o england_n with_o sixty_o to_o a_o hundred_o man_n in_o each_o ship_n and_o may_v in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n more_o employ_v a_o great_a number_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n that_o company_n have_v late_o unconstrained_a give_v considerable_a encouragement_n for_o the_o build_n of_o great_a ship_n which_o have_v have_v good_a effect_n 2_o dly_z it_o supply_v the_o nation_n constant_o and_o full_o with_o that_o in_o this_o age_n necessary_a material_a of_o salt-petre_n 3_o dly_z it_o employ_v the_o nation_n for_o its_o consumption_n with_o pepper_n indigo_n calico_n and_o several_a useful_a drug_n near_o the_o value_n of_o 150000_o l._n to_o 180000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 4_o thly_a it_o furnish_v we_o with_o pepper_n cowrye_n long-cloth_n and_o other_o calico_n and_o paint_a stuff_n proper_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o turkey_n italy_n spain_n france_n and_o guiny_n to_o the_o amount_v of_o 2_o or_o 300000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la most_o of_o which_o trade_n we_o can_v not_o carry_v on_o with_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n but_o for_o those_o supply_n and_o these_o good_n export_v do_v produce_v in_o foreign_a part_n to_o be_v return_v to_o england_n six_o time_n the_o treasure_n in_o specie_fw-la that_o the_o company_n export_v from_o hence_o now_o if_o not_o only_o the_o aforesaid_a advantage_n be_v serious_o consider_v but_o also_o what_o detriment_n the_o nation_n will_v sustain_v if_o we_o be_v deprive_v of_o those_o supply_n both_o in_o point_n of_o strength_n and_o warlike_a provision_n in_o regard_n of_o ship_n and_o salt-petre_n but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o furtherance_n it_o give_v to_o many_o other_o trade_n beforementioned_a it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o this_o trade_n though_o its_o import_v exceed_v its_o export_n be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a trade_n to_o england_n and_o deserve_v all_o encouragement_n for_o be_v we_o to_o buy_v all_o our_o pepper_n and_o calico_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o dutch_a they_o will_v raise_v our_o pepper_n which_o now_o stand_v the_o nation_n but_o about_o 3_o d._n per_fw-la pound_n in_o india_n to_o or_o near_o the_o proportion_n which_o they_o have_v advance_v on_o nutmeg_n clove_n and_o mace_n which_o cost_v the_o dutch_a not_o much_o more_o per_fw-mi pound_n in_o india_n than_o pepper_n since_o they_o engross_v the_o trade_n for_o those_o commodity_n and_o the_o use_n of_o callico_n in_o england_n will_v be_v supply_v by_o foreign_a linen_n at_o great_a price_n so_o that_o what_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o this_o nation_n be_v consumption_n will_v in_o probability_n cost_v they_o above_o 400000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o now_o it_o do_v and_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o italy_n guiny_n etc._n etc._n will_v in_o part_n decay_n for_o want_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a supply_n there_o be_v another_o notion_n concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n which_o i_o think_v not_o impertinent_a here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o nation_n get_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o general_a by_o its_o foregoing_a trade_n be_v to_o take_v a_o inspection_n into_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o above_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n we_o not_o only_o lose_v by_o such_o exchange_n but_o the_o same_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o we_o lose_v by_o the_o general_a course_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o that_o we_o require_v more_o supply_n of_o commodity_n from_o abroad_o than_o our_o export_n in_o good_n do_v serve_v to_o purchase_v and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o when_o once_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z above_o the_o true_a value_n of_o foreign_a money_n our_o treasure_n will_v be_v carry_v out_o whatever_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o exchange_n be_v general_o below_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n it_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o our_o export_n do_v in_o value_n exceed_v what_o we_o require_v from_o abroad_o and_o so_o if_o the_o exchange_n come_v to_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z below_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n return_n will_v be_v make_v for_o england_n in_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a country_n now_o that_o there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o truth_n in_o this_o notion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v and_o that_o the_o diligent_a observance_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n may_v be_v of_o use_n and_o very_o necessary_a in_o many_o respect_n and_o be_v a_o very_a ingenivous_a study_n for_o any_o that_o will_v dive_v into_o the_o mystery_n of_o trade_n yet_o because_o this_o be_v likewise_o subject_a to_o vary_v on_o many_o accident_n of_o emergency_n of_o state_n and_o war_n etc._n etc._n &_o because_o there_o be_v no_o settle_a course_n of_o exchange_n but_o to_o and_o from_o france_n holland_n flanders_n hambrough_n venice_n legorn_v &_o genoa_n and_o that_o there_o be_v many_o other_o great_a and_o eminent_a trade_n beside_o what_o be_v drive_v to_o those_o country_n this_o can_v afford_v a_o true_a and_o satisfactory_a solution_n to_o the_o present_a question_n thus_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o these_o notion_n touch_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n though_o they_o be_v in_o their_o kind_n useful_a notion_n be_v in_o some_o case_n fallible_a and_o uncertain_a if_o any_o shall_v ask_v how_o shall_v we_o then_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o best_a and_o most_o certain_a discovery_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v to_o be_v make_v fâ—om_o the_o increase_n or_o diminution_n of_o our_o â—rade_n and_o ship_n in_o general_a for_o if_o our_o trade_n and_o ship_n diminish_v whatever_o profit_n particular_a man_n may_v make_v the_o nation_n undoubted_o lose_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o our_o trade_n and_o ship_n increase_v how_o small_a or_o low_o soever_o the_o profit_n be_v to_o private_a man_n it_o be_v a_o infallible_a indication_n that_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n thrive_v for_o i_o dare_v affirm_v and_o that_o catagorical_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n wherever_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o continue_v so_o and_o grow_v daily_o more_o great_a and_o increase_v in_o ship_n and_o that_o for_o a_o succession_n not_o of_o a_o few_o year_n but_o of_o age_n that_o trade_n must_v be_v national_o profitable_a as_o a_o town_n where_o only_o a_o fair_a be_v keep_v if_o every_o year_n the_o number_n of_o people_n and_o commodity_n do_v augment_v that_o town_n however_o the_o market_n be_v will_v gain_v whereas_o if_o there_o come_v still_o few_o and_o few_o peâ—ple_n and_o commodity_n that_o place_n will_v decline_v and_o decay_v discourse_v once_o with_o a_o noble_a lord_n concern_v this_o measure_n or_o method_n of_o know_v the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n or_o more_o plain_o our_o general_a national_a gain_v or_o loss_n by_o trade_n his_o lordship_n be_v please_v to_o oppose_v by_o ask_v two_o very_o proper_a question_n viz._n quest._n 1._o be_v there_o not_o a_o great_a similitude_n between_o the_o affair_n of_o a_o private_a person_n and_o of_o a_o nation_n the_o former_a be_v but_o a_o little_a family_n and_o the_o latter_a a_o great_a family_n i_o
english_a cloth_n and_o from_o who_o territory_n we_o receive_v great_a quantity_n of_o currant_n purchase_v with_o our_o ready_a money_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o advantageous_a for_o england_n that_o that_o importation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n of_o wrought-glasse_n drinking-glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n from_o thence_o shall_v be_v discourage_v it_o be_v suppose_v we_o can_v now_o make_v they_o as_o well_o ourselves_o in_o england_n the_o trade_n for_o cannary-wine_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a trade_n to_o england_n because_o those_o island_n consume_v very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n fish_n or_o other_o english_a commodity_n neither_o do_v they_o furnish_v we_o with_o any_o commodity_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v here_o or_o re-exported_n the_o wine_n we_o bring_v from_o thence_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n purchase_v with_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o to_o my_o apprehension_n something_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v to_o compel_v those_o islander_n to_o spend_v more_o of_o our_o english_a commodity_n and_o to_o sell_v their_o wine_n cheap_a which_o every_o year_n they_o advance_v in_o price_n or_o else_o to_o lessen_v the_o consumption_n of_o they_o in_o england_n i_o have_v in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o in_o my_o former_a confine_v myself_o to_o write_v only_o general_a head_n and_o principle_n that_o relate_v unto_o trade_n in_o general_n not_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a trade_n because_o the_o several_a trade_n to_o several_a country_n may_v require_v distinct_a and_o particular_a consideration_n respect_v the_o time_n place_n competitor_n with_o we_o and_o other_o circumstance_n to_o find_v out_o wherein_o our_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n lie_v and_o how_o to_o improve_v the_o former_a and_o prevent_v the_o latter_a but_o as_o this_o will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o work_n for_o one_o man_n so_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v make_v this_o too_o great_a a_o book_n to_o be_v well_o read_v and_o consider_v but_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v brief_o mention_v many_o particular_a trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v lose_v and_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o many_o trade_n that_o we_o yet_o retain_v and_o be_v increase_a and_o how_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o which_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o a_o clear_a discovery_n and_o inspection_n into_o particular_a trade_n unto_o which_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v heart_n to_o serve_v their_o country_n in_o this_o so_o necessary_a work_n at_o this_o time_n may_v add_v and_o further_o improve_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o ability_n to_o express_v their_o sentiment_n in_o a_o more_o intelligible_a and_o pausible_a style_n but_o when_o i_o and_o other_o have_v say_v all_o we_o can_v a_o low_a interest_n be_v as_o the_o soul_n to_o the_o body_n of_o trade_n it_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la to_o the_o prosperity_n and_o advancement_n to_o the_o land_n and_o trade_n of_o england_n chap._n x._o concern_v plantation_n the_o trade_n of_o our_o english_a plantation_n in_o america_n be_v now_o of_o as_o great_a bulk_n and_o employ_v as_o much_o ship_n as_o most_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o discourse_n more_o at_o large_a concern_v the_o nature_n of_o â—lantations_n and_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n of_o tâ—em_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o and_o other_o kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o some_o gentleman_n of_o no_o mean_a capacity_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o his_o majesty_n be_v plantation_n abroad_o have_v very_o much_o prejudice_v this_o kingdom_n by_o drain_n we_o of_o our_o people_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o opinion_n they_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o spain_n which_o they_o say_v be_v almost_o ruin_v by_o the_o depopulation_n which_o the_o west-indies_n have_v occasion_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o a_o more_o particular_a scrutiny_n may_v be_v make_v into_o this_o maâ—ter_n i_o shall_v humble_o offer_v my_o opinion_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n and_o then_o give_v those_o reason_n of_o probability_n which_o present_o occur_v to_o my_o memory_n in_o confirmation_n of_o each_o proposition_n 1._o first_o i_o agree_v that_o land_n though_o excellent_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n 2._o that_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o depopulate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o impoverishment_n of_o it_o 3._o tâ—at_n most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_o to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n and_o not_o to_o the_o sterility_n or_o fruitfulness_n of_o their_o landâ—_n 4._o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n 5._o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o â—ad_v immediate_o before_o the_o late_a plague_n many_o more_o people_n in_o england_n then_o we_o have_v before_o the_o inhabit_v of_o virginia_n new-england_n barbadoe_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o american_n plantation_n 6._o that_o all_o colony_n or_o plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v not_o confine_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o the_o mother-kingdom_n 7._o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o the_o proper_a mother-kingdom_n 8._o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 9_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n nor_o portugeez_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o that_o account_n not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o cause_n 10._o that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o england_n that_o newfoundland_n shall_v remain_v vnplanted_a than_o that_o colony_n shall_v be_v send_v or_o permit_v to_o go_v thither_o to_o inhabit_v with_o a_o governor_n law_n etc._n etc._n 11._o that_o new-england_n be_v the_o most_o prejudicial_a plantation_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n i._o that_o land_n though_o in_o their_o nature_n excellent_o good_a without_o hand_n proportionable_a will_v not_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n this_o first_o proposition_n i_o suppose_v will_v ready_o be_v assent_v to_o by_o all_o judicious_a person_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v only_o allege_v matter_n of_o fact_n the_o land_n of_o palestine_n once_o the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o universe_n since_o it_o come_v under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n and_o consequent_o unpeople_v be_v now_o become_v the_o poor_a andaluzia_n and_o granada_n former_o wonderful_a rich_a and_o full_a of_o good_a town_n since_o dis-peopled_n by_o the_o spaniard_n by_o expultion_n of_o the_o moor_n many_o of_o their_o town_n and_o brave_a country_n house_n be_v fall_v into_o rubbish_n and_o their_o whole_a country_n into_o miserable_a poverty_n though_o their_o land_n natural_o be_v prodigious_o fertile_a a_o hundred_o other_o instance_n of_o fact_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n ii_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o populate_v of_o a_o kingdom_n tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v grant_v i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v and_o of_o the_o mean_n viz._n good_a law_n whereby_o any_o kingdom_n may_v be_v populate_v and_o consequent_o enrich_v be_v in_o effect_n the_o substance_n and_o design_n of_o all_o my_o forego_n discourse_n to_o which_o for_o avoid_v repartition_n i_o must_v pray_v the_o reader_n be_v retrospection_n iii_o that_o most_o nation_n in_o the_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rich_a or_o poor_a proportionable_a to_o the_o paucity_n or_o plenty_n of_o their_o people_n this_o three_o be_v a_o consequent_a of_o the_o two_o former_a proposition_n and_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o the_o seven_o unite_a province_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o populous_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o christendom_n and_o for_o their_o bigness_n undoubted_o the_o rich_a england_n for_o its_o bigness_n except_o our_o forest_n waste_v and_o commons_o which_o by_o our_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v bare_v from_o improvement_n i_o hope_v be_v yet_o a_o more_o populous_a country_n than_o france_n and_o consequent_o rich_a i_o say_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bigness_n itaâ—y_n in_o like_a proportion_n more_o populous_a than_o france_n and_o rich_a and_o france_n more_o populous_a and_o rich_a than_o spain_n etc._n etc._n iv_o i_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o our_o people_n in_o england_n be_v in_o any_o considerable_a
measure_n abate_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n but_o propose_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n this_o i_o know_v be_v a_o controvert_v point_n &_o do_v believe_v that_o where_o there_o be_v one_o man_n of_o my_o mind_n there_o may_v be_v a_o thousand_o of_o the_o contrary_a but_o i_o hope_v when_o the_o follow_a ground_n of_o my_o opinion_n have_v be_v thorough_o examine_v there_o will_v not_o be_v so_o many_o dissenter_n that_o very_o many_o people_n now_o go_v and_o have_v go_v from_o this_o kingdom_n almost_o every_o year_n for_o these_o sixty_o year_n past_a and_o have_v and_o do_v settle_v in_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n be_v most_o certain_a but_o the_o first_o question_n will_v be_v whether_o if_o england_n have_v no_o foreign_a plantation_n for_o those_o people_n to_o be_v transport_v unto_o they_o can_v or_o will_v have_v stay_v and_o live_v at_o home_n with_o we_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n they_o neither_o will_v nor_o can_v to_o resolve_v this_o question_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o kind_n of_o people_n they_o be_v and_o be_v that_o have_v and_o do_v transport_v themselves_o to_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n new-england_n as_o every_o one_o know_v be_v original_o inhabitate_v and_o have_v since_o successive_o be_v replenish_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v puritan_n which_o can_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o england_n but_o be_v weary_v with_o church_n censure_n and_o persecution_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o father_n land_n to_o find_v out_o new_a habitation_n as_o many_o of_o they_o do_v in_o germany_n and_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o at_o new-england_n and_o have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o new-england_n find_v for_o some_o of_o they_o germany_n and_o holland_n probable_o have_v receive_v the_o rest_n but_o old_a england_n to_o be_v sure_o have_v lose_v they_o all_o virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n be_v first_o people_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o loose_a vagrant_a people_n vicious_a and_o destitute_a of_o mean_n to_o live_v at_o home_n be_v either_o unfit_a for_o labour_n or_o such_o as_o can_v find_v none_o to_o employ_v themselves_o about_o or_o have_v so_o mis-behaved_n themselves_o by_o whoreing_n thieve_v or_o other_o debauchery_n that_o none_o will_v set_v they_o on_o work_n which_o merchant_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n by_o their_o agent_n or_o spirit_n as_o they_o be_v call_v gather_v up_o about_o the_o street_n of_o london_n and_o other_o place_n clothe_v and_o transport_v to_o be_v employ_v upon_o plantation_n and_o these_o i_o say_v be_v such_o as_o have_v there_o be_v no_o english_a foreign_a plantation_n in_o the_o world_n can_v probable_o never_o have_v live_v at_o home_n to_o do_v service_n for_o their_o country_n but_o must_v have_v come_v to_o be_v hang_v or_o starve_v or_o die_v untimely_a of_o some_o of_o those_o miserable_a disease_n that_o proceed_v from_o want_n and_o vice_n or_o else_o have_v sell_v themselves_o for_o soldier_n to_o be_v knock_v on_o the_o head_n or_o starve_v in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o our_o neighbour_n as_o many_o thousand_o of_o brave_a english_a man_n be_v in_o the_o low_a country_n as_o also_o in_o the_o war_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o sweeden_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o if_o they_o can_v by_o beg_v or_o otherwise_o arrive_v to_o the_o stock_n of_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o waft_v they_o over_o to_o holland_n become_v servant_n to_o the_o dutch_a who_o refuse_v none_o but_o the_o principal_a growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n happen_v in_o or_o immediate_o after_o our_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o the_o worsted_n party_n by_o the_o fate_n of_o war_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o have_v some_o of_o they_o never_o be_v breed_v to_o labour_n and_o other_o make_v unfit_a for_o it_o by_o the_o lazy_a habit_n of_o a_o soldier_n life_n there_o want_v mean_n to_o maintain_v they_o all_o abroad_o with_o his_o majesty_n many_o of_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n and_o great_a number_n of_o scotch_a soldier_n of_o his_o majesty_n army_n after_z worcester_z fight_n be_v by_o the_o then_o prevail_a power_n voluntary_o send_v in_o thither_o another_o great_a swarm_n or_o accession_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a plantation_n as_o also_o to_o new-england_n jamaica_n and_o all_o other_o his_o majesty_n plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n ensue_v upon_o his_o majesty_n restauration_n when_o the_o former_a prevail_a party_n be_v by_o a_o divine_a hand_n of_o providence_n bring_v under_o the_o army_n disband_v many_o officer_n dis-placed_n and_o all_o the_o new_a purcharser_n of_o public_a title_n dispossess_v of_o their_o pretend_a land_n estate_n etc._n etc._n many_o become_v impoverish_v destitute_a of_o employment_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o can_v find_v no_o way_n of_o live_v at_o home_n and_o some_o which_o fear_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n under_o which_o they_o can_v not_o live_v be_v force_v to_o transport_v themselves_o or_o sell_v themselves_o for_o a_o few_o year_n to_o be_v transport_v by_o other_o to_o the_o foreign_a english_a plantation_n the_o constant_a supply_n that_o the_o say_v plantation_n have_v since_o have_v have_v by_o such_o vagrant_a loose_a people_n as_o i_o beforementioned_a pick_v up_o especial_o about_o the_o street_n and_o suburb_n of_o london_n and_o westminster_n and_o by_o malefactor_n condemn_v for_o crime_n for_o which_o by_o the_o law_n they_o deserve_v to_o die_v and_o some_o of_o those_o people_n call_v quaker_n banish_v for_o meet_v on_o pretence_n of_o religious_a worship_n now_o if_o from_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v due_o consider_v what_o kind_n of_o person_n those_o have_v be_v by_o which_o our_o plantation_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v replenish_v i_o suppose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o such_o they_o have_v be_v and_o under_o such_o circumstance_n that_o if_o his_o majesty_n have_v have_v no_o foreign_a plantation_n to_o which_o they_o may_v have_v resort_v england_n however_o must_v have_v lose_v they_o to_o illustrate_v the_o truth_n whereof_o a_o little_a further_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o captain_n grant_v the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o observation_n upon_o the_o bill_n of_o mortality_n say_v pag._n 76._o and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o say_v but_o undeniable_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n let_v the_o mortality_n be_v what_o it_o will_v by_o plague_n or_o otherwise_o repair_v its_o inhabitant_n once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o pag._n 101._o again_o if_o there_o be_v encouragement_n for_o a_o hundred_o person_n in_o london_n that_o be_v a_o way_n how_o a_o hundred_o may_v live_v better_o then_o in_o the_o country_n the_o evacuate_a of_o a_o four_o or_o three_o part_n of_o that_o number_n must_v soon_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o the_o country_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n remove_v themselves_o from_o thence_o hither_o so_o long_o until_o the_o city_n for_o want_v of_o receipt_n and_o encouragement_n regurgitate_v and_o send_v they_o back_o 1._o what_o he_o have_v prove_v concern_v london_n i_o say_v of_o england_n in_o general_a and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o kingdom_n or_o country_n in_o the_o world_n such_o as_o our_o employment_n be_v for_o people_n so_o many_o will_v our_o people_n be_v and_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v we_o have_v in_o england_n employment_n but_o for_o one_o hundred_o people_n and_o we_o have_v bear_v and_o breed_v among_o we_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o people_n i_o say_v the_o fifty_o must_v away_o from_o we_o or_o starve_v or_o be_v hang_v to_o prevent_v it_o whether_o we_o have_v any_o foreign_a plantation_n or_o not_o 2._o if_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o accommodation_n of_o live_v in_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n we_o have_v evacuate_v more_o of_o our_o people_n then_o we_o shall_v have_v do_v if_o we_o have_v no_o such_o plantation_n i_o say_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n in_o the_o case_n of_o london_n and_o if_o that_o evacuation_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o excess_n which_o i_o believe_v it_o never_o do_v bare_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o plantation_n that_o decrease_n will_v procure_v its_o own_o remedy_n for_o much_o want_n of_o people_n will_v procure_v great_a wage_n and_o great_a wage_n if_o our_o law_n give_v encouragement_n will_v procure_v we_o a_o supply_n of_o people_n without_o the_o charge_n of_o breed_v they_o as_o the_o dutch_a be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v supply_v in_o their_o great_a extremity_n object_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v be_v not_o the_o facility_n of_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o plantation_n together_o with_o the_o entice_a method_n customary_o use_v to_o persuade_v people_n to_o go_v thither_o and_o the_o encouragement_n of_o live_v there_o
yet_o retain_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o cultivate_v our_o land_n at_o home_n i_o answer_v first_o the_o bigness_n of_o army_n be_v not_o always_o a_o certain_a indication_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o sometime_o rather_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n and_o distrubation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o for_o instance_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n be_v owner_n of_o the_o whole_a territory_n although_o the_o people_n be_v thin_a the_o army_n upon_o occasion_n may_v be_v very_o great_a as_o in_o east-india_n turkey_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n where_o taffelet_n be_v late_o say_v to_o have_v a_o army_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n although_o every_o body_n know_v that_o country_n have_v as_o great_a a_o scarcety_n of_o people_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o since_o freeholders_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o england_n &_o the_o servile_a tenor_n alter_v doubtless_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a as_o well_o as_o more_o chargeable_a to_o draw_v great_a number_n of_o man_n into_o foreign_a war_n 2._o since_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o new_a artillery_n of_o powder_n shoot_v and_o fire-arm_n in_o the_o world_n all_o war_n be_v become_v as_o much_o rather_o a_o expense_n of_o money_n as_o man_n and_o success_n attend_v those_o that_o can_v most_o &_o long_a spend_v money_n rather_o than_o man_n and_o consequent_o prince_n army_n in_o europe_n be_v become_v more_o proportionable_a to_o their_o purse_n then_o to_o the_o number_n of_o their_o people_n vi_o that_o all_o colony_n and_o foreign_a plantation_n do_v endamage_v their_o mother-kingdom_n whereof_o the_o trade_n of_o such_o plantation_n be_v noâ—_n confine_v to_o their_o say_a mother_n kingdom_n by_o good_a law_n and_o severe_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 1._o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o government_n of_o europe_n witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o dane_n keep_v the_o trade_n of_o izland_n to_o themselves_o the_o dutch_a surrenham_n and_o all_o their_o settlement_n in_o east-india_n the_o french_a st_n christopher_n and_o their_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n the_o portugeeze_n brazil_n and_o all_o the_o coast_n thereof_o the_o spaniard_n all_o their_o vast_a terriories_fw-la upon_o the_o main_a in_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o many_o island_n there_o and_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v to_o design_n the_o like_a as_o to_o all_o our_o plantation_n in_o new-england_n virginia_n barbadoes_n etc._n etc._n although_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o a_o complete_a and_o effectual_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n 2._o plantation_n be_v at_o first_o furnish_v and_o afterward_o successive_o supply_v with_o people_n from_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v riches_n that_o loss_n of_o people_n to_o the_o mother_n kingdom_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v certain_o a_o damage_n except_o the_o employment_n of_o those_o people_n abroad_o do_v cause_n the_o employment_n of_o so_o many_o more_o at_o home_n in_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n and_o that_o can_v never_o be_v except_o the_o trade_n be_v restrain_v to_o their_o mother_n kingdom_n which_o will_v not_o be_v doubt_v by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o next_o proposition_n viz._n vii_o that_o the_o dutch_a will_v reap_v the_o great_a advantage_n by_o all_o colony_n issue_v from_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n whereof_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o confine_v to_o their_o proper_a mother_n kingdom_n this_o proposition_n will_v ready_o be_v assent_v unto_o by_o any_o that_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o low_a interest_n and_o low_a custom_n where_o the_o market_n be_v free_a they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v the_o trade_n that_o can_v sell_v the_o best_a pennyworth_n that_o buy_v dear_a and_o sell_v cheap_a which_o national_o speak_v none_o can_v do_v but_o those_o that_o money_n at_o the_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o pay_v the_o least_o custom_n which_o be_v the_o dutch_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o before_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n there_o go_v ten_o dutch_a ship_n to_o barbadoes_n for_o one_o english_a viii_o that_o the_o dutch_a though_o they_o thrive_v so_o exceed_o in_o trade_n will_v in_o probability_n never_o endamage_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o growth_n of_o their_o plantation_n 1._o in_o fact_n the_o dutch_a never_o do_v much_o thrive_v in_o plant_v for_o i_o do_v remember_v they_o have_v about_o twenty_o year_n past_a tabago_n a_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o west-indies_n apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o sugar_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v propagate_v in_o barbadoes_n and_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v planter_n affirm_v better_o accommodate_v with_o river_n for_o water-mill_n which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o grind_v of_o the_o cane_n this_o island_n be_v still_o in_o their_o possession_n and_o corasoa_n and_o some_o other_o and_o about_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o year_n past_a they_o be_v so_o eager_a upon_o the_o improvement_n of_o it_o that_o beside_o what_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n they_o set_v up_o bill_n upon_o the_o exchange_n in_o london_n proffer_v great_a privilege_n to_o any_o that_o will_v transport_v themselves_o thither_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o to_o this_o day_n that_o island_n be_v not_o the_o ten_o part_n so_o well_o improve_v as_o jamaica_n have_v be_v by_o the_o english_a within_o these_o five_o year_n neither_o have_v the_o dutch_a at_o any_o other_o time_n or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n make_v any_o improvement_n by_o plant_v what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v only_o by_o war_n trade_n and_o building_n of_o fortify_v town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n to_o secure_v the_o sole_a commerce_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o the_o people_n which_o they_o conquer_v not_o by_o clear_v break_v up_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o plant_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o fact_n to_o my_o present_a purpose_n 2._o the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n be_v from_o reason_n i_o have_v beforementioned_a the_o several_a accident_n and_o method_n by_o which_o our_o foreign_a plantation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n come_v to_o be_v people_v and_o emprove_v now_o the_o dutch_a be_v void_a of_o those_o accident_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o occasion_n to_o emprove_v foreign_a plantation_n by_o dige_v and_o delve_v as_o the_o english_a have_v do_v for_o 1_o st_o in_o holland_n their_o interest_n and_o custom_n be_v low_a together_o with_o their_o other_o encouragement_n to_o trade_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n give_v employment_n to_o all_o their_o people_n bear_v and_o breed_v among_o they_o and_o also_o to_o multitude_n of_o foreigner_n 2._o their_o give_a liberty_n or_o at_o least_o connivance_n to_o all_o religion_n as_o well_o jew_n and_o roman-catholic_n or_o sectary_n give_v security_n to_o all_o their_o inhabitant_n at_o home_n and_o expel_v none_o nor_o put_v a_o necessity_n upon_o any_o to_o banish_v themselves_o upon_o that_o account_n 3._o their_o careful_a and_o wonderful_a provide_v for_o and_o employ_v their_o poor_a at_o home_n put_v all_o their_o people_n utter_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o starve_v or_o necessity_n of_o steal_v and_o consequent_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o hang_v i_o may_v add_v to_o this_o that_o they_o have_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v any_o civil_a war_n among_o they_o and_o from_o the_o whole_a conclude_v that_o the_o dutch_a as_o they_o do_v never_o so_o they_o never_o can_v or_o will_v thrive_v by_o plant_v and_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n abroad_o be_v a_o good_a effect_n proceed_v from_o many_o evil_a cause_n ix_o that_o neither_o the_o french_a spaniard_n or_o portugeeze_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v on_o the_o account_n of_o plant_v not_o for_o the_o same_o but_o for_o other_o reason_n that_o the_o french_a have_v have_v foot_v in_o the_o west-indies_n almost_o as_o long_a as_o the_o english_a be_v certain_a and_o that_o they_o have_v make_v no_o considerable_a progress_n in_o plant_v be_v as_o certain_a and_o find_v it_o so_o in_o fact_n i_o have_v be_v often_o exercise_v my_o thought_n about_o enquiry_n into_o the_o reason_n thereof_o which_o i_o attribute_v especial_o to_o two_o first_o because_o france_n be_v a_o absolute_a government_n have_v not_o until_o very_o late_o give_v any_o countenance_n or_o encouragement_n to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n second_o and_o principal_o because_o the_o french_a settlement_n in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v not_o be_v upon_o freeholders_n as_o the_o english_a be_v but_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o french_a west-india_n company_n which_o company_n be_v under_o the_o french_a king_n as_o lord_z proprietor_n of_o the_o place_n they_o settle_v
upon_o and_o tax_v the_o inhabitant_n at_o pleasure_n as_o the_o king_n do_v they_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o shall_v make_v that_o successful_a progress_n in_o plant_v propriety_n freedom_n and_o inheritance_n be_v the_o most_o effectual_a spur_n to_o industry_n 2._o though_o some_o who_o have_v not_o look_v far_o into_o this_o matter_n may_v think_v the_o spaniard_n have_v make_v great_a progress_n in_o plant_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o english_a since_o the_o time_n they_o set_v upon_o this_o work_n have_v clear_v and_o emprove_v fifty_o plantation_n for_o one_o and_o build_v as_o many_o house_n for_o one_o the_o spaniard_n have_v build_v this_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o year_n since_o the_o english_a intend_v the_o propagate_a foreign_a plantation_n second_o that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o west-indies_n about_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o th_n time_n which_o be_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n past_a three_o that_o what_o the_o spaniard_n have_v do_v in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v ten_o time_n more_o by_o conquest_n then_o by_o plant_v fourtly_n that_o the_o spaniard_n find_v in_o the_o west-indies_n most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n ready_a build_v and_o inhabit_a and_o much_o of_o the_o ground_n emprove_v and_o cultivate_v before_o their_o come_n thither_o five_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o find_v there_o and_o subdue_v be_v such_o a_o people_n with_o who_o some_o of_o the_o spaniard_n can_v and_o have_v mix_v from_o whence_o have_v proceed_v a_o generation_n of_o people_n which_o they_o call_v mestise_n whereas_o the_o english_a where_o they_o have_v set_v down_o and_o plant_v either_o find_v none_o or_o such_o as_o be_v mere_a wild_a heathen_a with_o who_o they_o can_v not_o nor_o ever_o have_v be_v know_v to_o mix_v six_o that_o now_o after_o such_o a_o long_a series_n of_o time_n the_o spaniard_n be_v scarce_o so_o populous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o west-indies_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v a_o army_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n together_o in_o a_o month_n time_n from_o all_o which_o i_o conjecture_v one_a that_o his_o majesty_n have_v now_o more_o english_a subject_n in_o all_o his_o foreign_a plantation_n in_o sixty_o year_n than_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v spaniard_n in_o all_o his_o in_o two_o hundred_o year_n 2d_o that_o the_o spaniard_n progress_n in_o plant_v bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o english_a plantation_n 3_o d._n that_o see_v the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o great_a prosperity_n and_o under_o so_o many_o advantage_n have_v be_v such_o indifferent_a planter_n and_o have_v make_v such_o slow_a progress_n in_o people_v those_o part_n of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o they_o possess_v it_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o ever_o the_o english_a will_v be_v mate_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o their_o foreign_a plantation_n or_o production_n of_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o those_o part_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o spaniard_n be_v so_o thin_a of_o people_n in_o the_o west-indies_n i_o take_v to_o be_v such_o as_o these_o follow_v viz._n first_o and_o principal_o because_o they_o exercise_v the_o same_o policy_n and_o government_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a in_o their_o plantation_n as_o they_o do_v in_o their_o mother-kingdom_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o their_o people_n be_v few_o and_o thin_a abroad_o from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o they_o be_v empty_a and_o void_a of_o people_n at_o home_n whereas_o although_o we_o in_o england_n vain_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o a_o uniformity_n of_o religion_n at_o home_n yet_o we_o allow_v a_o amsterdam_n liberty_n in_o our_o plantation_n it_o be_v true_a new-england_n be_v a_o more_o independent_a government_n from_o this_o kingdom_n than_o any_o other_o of_o our_o plantation_n and_o the_o people_n that_o go_v thither_o more_o one_o peculiar_a sort_n or_o sect_n than_o those_o that_o go_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o plantation_n they_o do_v for_o some_o year_n past_a exercise_v some_o severity_n against_o the_o quaker_n but_o of_o late_o they_o have_v understand_v their_o true_a interest_n better_o insomuch_o as_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o act_n of_o that_o kind_n for_o these_o five_o or_o six_o year_n last_o notwithstanding_o i_o be_o well_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v now_o among_o they_o many_o more_o quaker_n and_o other_o dissenter_n from_o their_o form_n of_o religious_a worship_n than_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o great_a severity_n which_o severity_n have_v no_o other_o effect_n but_o to_o increase_v the_o new-english_a nonconformist_n 2_o d._n a_o second_o reason_n why_o the_o production_n of_o the_o spanish_a west-india_n commodity_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n to_o the_o english_a and_o consequent_o why_o their_o progress_n in_o plant_v have_v be_v and_o be_v like_a to_o be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o english_a as_o also_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o people_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o dearness_n of_o the_o freight_n of_o their_o ship_n which_o be_v four_o time_n more_o than_o our_o english_a freight_n and_o if_o you_o will_v know_v how_o that_o come_v to_o be_v so_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n will_v go_v â—_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o satisfy_n you_o although_o there_o be_v other_o concomitant_a lesser_a cause_n which_o whosoever_o understand_v spain_n or_o shall_v careful_o read_v this_o treatise_n may_v find_v out_o themselves_o 3_o d._n a_o three_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o custom_n in_o old-spain_n for_o undoubted_o high_a custom_n do_v as_o well_o dwarf_n plantation_n as_o trade_n 4_o the_o the_o spaniard_n intense_a and_o singular_a industry_n in_o their_o mine_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o work_n wherein_o destroy_v abundance_n of_o their_o people_n at_o least_o of_o their_o slave_n do_v cause_v they_o to_o neglect_v in_o great_a measure_n cultivate_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o produce_v commodity_n from_o the_o growth_n thereof_o which_o may_v give_v employment_n to_o a_o great_a navy_n as_o well_o as_o sustenance_n to_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n 5_o the_o their_o multitude_n of_o friar_n nun_n and_o other_o reclust_n and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o be_v prohibit_v from_o marriage_n 3._o the_o three_o sort_n of_o people_n i_o be_o to_o discourse_n of_o be_v the_o portugeeze_n and_o and_o they_o i_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v great_a planter_n in_o the_o brazeil_n and_o other_o place_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o preserve_v our_o people_n and_o plantation_n by_o good_a law_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o portugeeze_fw-mi except_o they_o alter_v their_o politic_n which_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o do_v can_v never_o bear_v up_o with_o we_o muchless_a prejudice_n our_o plantation_n that_o hitherto_o they_o have_v not_o hurt_v we_o but_o we_o they_o be_v most_o apparent_a for_o in_o my_o time_n we_o have_v beat_v their_o muscovado_n and_o paneal_a sugar_n quite_o out_o of_o use_n in_o england_n and_o their_o whites_n we_o have_v bring_v down_o in_o all_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n in_o price_n from_o seven_o and_o eight_o pound_n per_fw-la l._n to_o fifty_o shilling_n and_o three_o pound_n per_fw-la l._n and_o in_o quantity_n whereas_o former_o their_o brazeil-fleet_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o chest_n of_o sugar_n they_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o chest_n since_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o barbadoes_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o decay_n of_o the_o portugeeze_n production_n in_o brazeil_n be_v certain_o the_o better_a policy_n that_o our_o english_a plantatition_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o which_o principal_o dwarf_n the_o portugeeze_v plantation_n be_v the_o same_o beforementioned_a which_o hinder_v the_o spaniard_n viz._n extraordinary_a high_a custom_n at_o home_n high_a freight_n high_a interest_n of_o money_n ecclesiastical_a person_n etc._n etc._n from_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v plantation_n in_o general_a i_o draw_v these_o two_o principal_a conclusion_n 1_o st_o that_o our_o english_a plantation_n may_v thrive_v beyond_o any_o other_o plantation_n in_o the_o world_n though_o the_o trade_n of_o all_o of_o they_o be_v more_o severe_o limit_v by_o law_n and_o good_a execution_n of_o those_o law_n to_o their_o mother-kingdom_n of_o england_n exclusive_a to_o ireland_n and_o new-england_n 2_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o majesty_n power_n and_o the_o parliament_n if_o they_o please_v by_o take_v off_o all_o charge_n from_o sugar_n to_o make_v it_o more_o entire_o a_o english_a commodity_n than_o white-herring_n be_v a_o dutch_a commodity_n and_o to_o draw_v more_o profit_n to_o this_o