Pictures The 101st enjoyns That those that will receive the Eucharist must hold their Hands a-cross and so receive it It forbids using Vessels of Gold or of any other Matter to receive it in The 102d shews to them that are entrusted with Power to bind or to loose that they ought to exercise this Ministry with a great deal of Prudence and Wisdom considering well the Distemper applying Remedies as skilful Physicians and examining whether they do truly and sincerely repent OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers Which FLOURISHED In the VIII Age of the CHURCH BEDE Bede BEDE Sirnamed the Venerable a Sirnamed the Venerable Upon what account he had this Name given him is not known Several Reasons are alledged but the most probable is this That those that read his Books while he was alive not daring to give him the Title of Saint contented themselves to call him Venerable Nevertheless we do not find that he was called so by any Cotemporary with him He is also called Saint Blessed English Doctor the Most Illustrious Master and Reader by way of Excellence was born in England in the Year * Others 673. 672 in the County Palatine of Durham within the Precincts of the Monastery of Girwy not far from the place where now stands a little Village called Jarrow which lies near the Mouth of the River Tine At seven Years of Age his Relations presented him to S. Benedict of Biscop then Abbot of the Monastery of S. Peter at Weremouth and Founder of that of S. Pauls at Jarrow to be Educated and Instructed In these Monasteries which were not above five Miles distant from each other did he spend his whole Life under the Government of S. Benedict and after of Ceolfride who was the first Abbot of this latter Being Nineteen Years of Age he was Ordain'd Deacon and Eleven Years after Priest by John of Beverly Bishop of †Or Hextold by the Romans called Axelodunum by the Normans Kexham a famous City among the Northum Haguestade He applyed himself closely to the study of Ecclesiastical and Profane Learning and by means of his exact skill in both the Greek and Latin Tongues having read much and made very large Collections b Having Read and Collected much As long as he lived he never gave over Reading Writing and Teaching he Composed a Great Number of Books upon all manner of Subjects which filled the World with so much wonder that * De Gest. Angl. l. 3. c. 3. fol. 10. William of Malmsbury says of him That it was impossible for any Man to write so many and so large Volumes in the narrow compass of Humane Life had not God afforded him an extraordinary portion of his Divine Spirit and Wisdom He was the most Eminent Person of his time Celebrated so highly by all the Eminent Men of that Age for his Universal Knowledge and Learning that many said of him Hominem in extremo Orbis angulo Natum Universum Orbem suo ingenio perstrinxisse That he was born in the furthest part of the World but comprehended the whole World in his Understandiug He had many Scholars and by his Example and Instruction made all sort of Sciences to flourish in England He died of an Inflammation of the Lungs on the 26th of May in the year 735 which was his Climacterick and was buried in the Monastery of Girwy His Death is remarked by the Author of the Annals Ultonienses with this Encomium †Annal. Ulton. Beda Sapiens Saxonum quieevit This Year died Bede the Wise Saxon. From hence his Bones were removed to Durham and put in the same Chest or Coffin with S. Cuthbert's Some affirm that he made a Voyage to Rome And indeed it cannot be denied but that Sergius who was then Pope having some Gul. Malm. de Gest 〈◊〉 l. 3. weighty Affairs of the Church then before him did by his Letter sent to his Abbot Ceolfrid so earnestly request him to come to Rome to determine some difficult Controversies and Questions then under debate which he thought could not be determined without him as if at this time Bede not the Pope himself had been the only Infallible Oracle upon Earth Yet it is certain that he never went out of England or left his Monastery and it evidently appears by his Writings that he was never at Rome c It appears by his Writings that he never was at Rome He never speaks of this pretended Voyage to Italy but when he mentions the Pope's Letters which he hath inserted in his History He says he had them from Nothelmus a London Minister who brought him them from London In his Letter to Egbert speaking of the Customs used at Rome he doth not alledge his own practice for Confirmation of them but refers us to the testimony of Egbert He tells us that he understood by some Monks that had been at Rome that they put the date of the Year from the Passion of Jesus Christ upon their Christmas Tapers Bede's Works have been Collected and divided into eight Tomes which were Printed at Basil by Hervagius in 1563 and at Colen in 1612. They had been Printed in three Tomes at Paris in 1545 but not so Correct The two first Tomes contain such Works only as concern Humane Arts and Sciences viz. of Grammar Arithmetick Astronomy Physick Chronology and Morality Those which have nearest Relation to Ecclesiastical Matters are two Treatises about the Tropes and Figures of Holy Scripture his Writings about the Lunar Cicles to find Easter-day every Year and a Treatise of Times in which he defends the Computation of the Years of the World according to the Hebrew Text against the Calculation of the Seventy and divides the duration of the World into Six Ages of which he gives us the History and Chronology in a small Treatise by it self which hath also been Printed alone at Paris in 15â—â— 4to and with the Scholiast of J. Bronchorstius at Colen in 1537. The third Tome contains his Historical Books The first and most considerable is his Ecclesiastical History of England divided into Five Books The first contains the most remarkable things that happened in Great Britain from Caesar to the Death of S. Gregory Anno. 604. The other four relate at large what passed in the Church of England from that time to the Year 731. At the end he hath Annexed an Abridgment of this History in the form of a Chronicle to which are joyned the Lives oâ— S. Cuthbert Arch-Bishop of York S. Faelix Bishop of Nola the Bishop of Arras S. Columbanus the Abbot S. Vedastus S. Attalas the Abbot S. Patrick the Apostle of Great Britain S. Eustatius Scholar of S. Columbanus S. Bertolfus Abbot of Bobio S. Arnolphus Bishop of Metz and S. Burgondofora an Abbess with a Relation of the Travels and Martyrdom of S. Justin a Youth in Verse who was Beheaded at the Louvre in the time of Dioclesian's Persecution The Life of S. Patrick is not Bede's but
laid down a Curacy by the consent of his Bishop which he had as 't were extorted from him on condition that he should remain in his Bishoprick he Address'd himself to the Metropolitan to Obtain leave to Return to his Abby Being return'd he entreated St. Bernard to Instruct him how he should live Whereupon this Saint disapproved altogether of his Conduct yet would not have him nevertheless charge himself anew with the care of his Curacy He advises him to be thoroughly Sensible of his fault for that he considers his Retreat as an Action of no great Virtue He afterwards gives him a great deal of good Advice in this Letter and in the three which follow being all likewise writ to him He excuses himself in the Eighty ninth for not writing him long Letters because he is Oblig'd to silence which is interrupted as well as the Tranquility of Mind by Dictating and Composing and More-over forasmuch as his Profession is not to Instruct others but bewail his own Sins The Nâ—… First is Address'd to a General Chapter of Benedictine Abbots Assembled at Soissons for Reformaâ—… 〈◊〉 their Monasteries St. Bernard exhorts them earnestly to Labour about it for fear says he That â—he World should say you were met together to no purpose Do all in your power to render your Actions and Occupations perfect They cannot be so too much because a Man cannot be too Just too Wise nor too Virtuous Hearken not to such as will say We will not be better than our Fathers Owning thereby that they are the Off-spring of Luke-warm and Loose People Or if they pretend to be Children of Saints let them Imitate their Sanctity and not their Indulgence and Depravity There is no living in this World without either Advancing or Retreating Rising or Descending If a Man has a mind to continue in the same State he shall presently fall He that desires not to be better was never really Good and whoever ceases endeavouring to be good ceases to have any worth The Four following Letters are Letters of Compliment the First is Address'd to Henry King of England and the others to the Prelates of his Realm In the Ninety Six he commends Richard Abbot of Fontaine in the Diocess of York for having embrac'd the Order of Cisteaux with 12 of his Monks in the Year 1132. In the Ninety Seventh he disswades Duke Conrade from making War upon the Count of Savoy In the Ninety Eighth He Answers a question which had been put to him Why of all the Saints that are in the Old Testament the Church Observes Feasts for none but the Macchabees The Answer is that the Church takes Notice of them because they are not unlike our Christian Martyrs having suffer'd Death for not Abjuring the Law of God In the Ninety Ninth he writes to a Monk whose going out of the Monastery he was Jealous of but having by a Letter Understood the occasion of it his Suspicions soon vanish In the Hundredth he commends the great Charity of a certain Bishop towards the Poor It is says he a thing so well becoming a Bishop It is a great Ornament to his Function in that not being able to be Poor by reason of his Revenues he Nevertheless has regard to the Poor and Indigent for it is not Poverty that is a Virtue but the Love of the Poor and the Poor in Goods are not pronounc'd happy by the Gospel but the Poor in Spirit In the Hundred and First he begs of a Monastery to receive a Monk again that had left them without Permission In the Hundred and Second He Counsels an Abbot to try all means to bring a certain Monk to his Duty and to expell him if he found him Irreclaimable In the Hundred and Third he exhorts a Person to forego the inordinate Love that he had for Riches In the Hundred and Fourth he Advises another to quit the World The Letters following to the Hundred and Fifteenth are Exhortations to several Persons to embrace a Monastick Life which he greatly commends In the Hundred and Fifteenth he disswades a Monk from turning Hermit The Six following Letters contain only Compliments and Thanks The Hundred Twenty Second is a Letter of Hildebert at that time Arch-Bishop of Tours Address'd to St. Bernard in which he greatly commends him and begs his Friendship which Letter St. Bernard Answers after a very Obliging manner in the 123. and in the 124 he Admonishes him to embrace the Interest of Pope Innocent II. By the Hundred Twenty Fifth he sends to Geofrey of Loroux to engage in the Defence of this Pope against Peter of Leon. In the Hundred Twenty Sixth Address'd to the Bishops of Limoges Poictiers Perigueux and Saintes he vigorously defends the Cause of Innocent II. against Gerard Bishop of Angoulesme whom he accuses to have engag'd in the Interest of Peter of Leon thro' Ambition The Hundred Twenty Seventh is written in the name of Hugh Count of Burgundy to William Count of Poictiers whom he Admonishes to quit the Party of Peter of Leon and to Acknowledge Popé Innocent In the Hundred Twenty Eighth St. Bernard Reproaches Count William in that having once procur'd peace to the Church of Poctiers he had afterwards drove the Clergy of Hilarius out of the City He Advises him to cease that Persecution In the Hundred Twenty Ninth he Counsels the Genoese to live Peaceably with the Citizens of Pisa and to continue faithful both to the Pope and Emperor In the Hundred and Thirtieth he Advises likewise the Pisantines by reason of the great Affection they had to the Pope By the Hundred Thirty First he puts the Milanese in mind of their reconciliation with the Church of Rome and Pope Innocent and earnestly exhorts them to continue their Obedience and submission accordingly The Three following are written to the Clergy and People of Milan upon the same Account In the Hundred Thirty Fifth he rejects with a great deal of Humility the Praises which Peter Bishop of Pavia had given him and moreover commends that person for his Charity In the Hundred Thirty Sixth he desires Pope Innocent to Pardon a Man that was dispos'd to make satisfaction In the Hundred Thirty Seventh he implores the Clemency of the Empress upon the Milanese whom the Pope had not receiv'd into favour till after they had Acknowledg'd Lotharius for their King and Master In the Hundred Thirty Eighth he requires Henry King of England to Assist Pope Innocent In the Hundred Thirty Ninth he excites the Emperour Lotharius to revenge the Church upon Schismaticks In the Hundred and Fortieth he recommends the Pisantines to this Prince In the Hundred Forty First he sharply Reproaches Humbert Abbot of Igny for having quitted his Abby In the Hundred Forty Second he condoles the Monks of the Abby of the Alps for the loss of their Abbot Guarin who had been advanc'd to the Bishoprick of Sion in Switzerland In the Hundred Forty Third he excuses his long Absence to the Monks
into his Schism under the Pain of Deprivation and Excommunication In the Title he speaks of Heresie and in the body of the Writing he speaks only of Schism 2. 'T is no where noted to whom this Declaration was made 3. He promises to St. Peter the Prince of the Apostles and his Vicar the blessed Gregory which Form does not appear to be so ancient 4. He swears by the Holy Gospels and by the Genius of the Emperors But the Christians would never swear by the Genius of the Emperors under Pagan Emperors how then should this Form be authorized under a Christian Emperor in an Oath made by a Bishop for an Affair purely Ecclesiastical 5. 'T is said in this Declaration that it was made under the Consuls but there had not been any Consuls for a long time before 6. Lastly This Form is not found in many Manuscripts The Memorial concerning the Proclamation of the Emperor Phocas which is at the beginning of B. 11. is a very uncertain Piece which ought not to be rank'd among the Letters of St. Gregory no more then the following Sermon concerning the Processions which St. Gregory caus'd to be made in the time of Mortality which ought to be plac'd at the beginning of St. Gregory's Pontificat 't is found in some Manuscripts before all the Letters The Priviledge which is suppos'd to have been granted to a Hospital of the Church of Autun founded by Queen Brunehaud and by Siagrius Bishop of that City has been plac'd among the Letters of St. Gregory in B. 11. Num. 10. and it must be confest that 't is found in all the Manuscripts Yet there are strong Reasons for rejecting it for 1. John the Deacon makes no mention of it in the Life of St. Gregory 2. All the Clauses of this pretended Priviledge are so many Proofs of its Forgery By the first it forbids Kings and Bishops to touch the Goods given to this Monastery or those which shall be given to it for the future and leaves the whole Administration of them to the Abbot By the second he gives the Nomination of the Abbot to the King and leaves the Approbation of him only to the Monks By the third he Ordains that this Abbot shall not be Deposed but for a Crime and if he is accused of it the Bishop of Autun cannot make Process against him but with six other Bishops By the fourth 't is forbidden to make a Bishop Abbot here By the fifth the Bishop of Autun is disabled to draw out the Monks of this Hospital and place them among his Clergy All these Clauses are exorbitant contrary to common Right and to the Discipline establish'd by St. Gregory who never granted the like Exemptions in the Priviledges which he gave 3. The Penalty that those who shall violate some of the Articles of this Priviledge is contrary both to the spirit of St. Gregory and the practice of his time There it is declared that if any King Bishop Judge or Secular Person violate the Rights of this Priviledge he shall be deprived and degraded from his Dignity Power and Honour St. Gregory never us'd these terms and was more cautious then to do it who did so much recommend Ecclesiastical Moderation and shewed so great Veneration to Princes 4. The style of this Priviledge is very different from that of St. Gregory's Letters The two following Letters are Copies of the same Priviledge which is supposed in the first to be granted to Thalassia the Abbess of the Monastery of St. Mary in the City of Autun and in the second to Lupinus Priest of a Church of St. Martin in the Suburbs of Autun which proves also the Forgery of this Action for what probability is there that St. Gregory should grant three Priviledges so extraordinary to three different Communities of one and the same City There is in B. 〈◊〉 31. an Answer of St. Gregory to many Articles about which he had been consulted by Austin the Monk This Piece is not found in many Manuscripts of the Register of St. Gregory's Epistles and in the eighth Century it was not in the Archieves of the Church of Rome where Boniface Archbishop of Mayence caus'd search for it which forc'd him to make an Address to Nothelmus Archbishop of Canterbury to geâ—a Copy of it This gave occasion to some to think that this Piece is supposititious and it must be confest that some of the Answers are extraordinary enough Nevertheless it seems that the Authority of Paterius a Disciple of St. Gregory leaves no room to doubt whether this Writing be truly his who relates two passages of it in the Extracts In Matth. ch 25 In Mark ch 22. which he made out of the Works of St. Gregory for it 's no ways probable that he should quote a forged Piece who had been Secretary to St. Gregory 'T is no wonder that a Copy of it could not be found at Rome in the time of Boniface for being written for the English and sent into England the Copies of it ought rather to be found in that Kingdom then at Rome and in effect this Writing was there very common Beda transcribes it in his Ecclesiastical History of England B. 1. c. 27. It 's also cited by Egbert Bishop of York and by Halitgarius a Bishop of Wales Neither is it true that there was no Copy of it at Rome since Pope Zachary quotes it in the Roman Council held in the Year 743 c. 15. Since the time of St. Anselm Isidore Ivo of Chartres Gratian and all the Compilers of Conons and Decretals have inserted these Answers of St. Gregory into their Collections I do not believe that this Letter was written by St. Gregory in the Year 598 a little after Austin was Ordain'd but rather in the Year 601 when he sent many Letters into England Here follows an Abridgment of the Questions of St. Austin and the Answers of St. Gregory Question What use should the Bishops make of the Revenues of the Church Answer They ought to divide them into four parts The first is for the Bishop and his Family that he may exercise Hospitality and entertain Strangers The second is for the Clergy The third for the Poor and the fourth for repairing Churches He recommends it to St. Austin to live in common with his Clergy Quest. 2. Whether the Ecclesiasticks who have not the Gift of Continence may marry and if they do whether they may return to Secular Affairs Answ. They may marry if they be not engag'd in Holy Orders and such ought not to want subsistence but they shall be obliged to lead a Life agreeable to the Ecclesiastical state and to sing the Psalms Quest. 3. Since there is but one and the same Faith why have Churches different Customs As for instance Why is Mess celebrated after one manner in the French Church and after another in the Church of Rome Answ. Altho Austin knows perfectly the Customs of the Church of Rome yet he shall have liberty
Iconoclasts HEre are some Authors of whose Works we will speak more at large when we treat of the Acts of the seventh Council Some Greek Authors Tarasius Photius's great Uncle who from the Emperor's Secretary was made Patriarch of Constantinople anno 785. and died in 806. wrote a Circular Letter about Images two Letters directed to Pope Adrian and an Apologetick Oration upon his Election Epiphanius Deacon of Catana in Sicily recited a Panegyrick in the seventh Council Basil of Ancyra offered a Confession of Faith to the same Synod Theodosius Bishop of Ammorium made a Writing upon the same Subject ELIAS Cretensis THis Author made some Commentaries upon S. Gregory Nazianzen's Works which are printed in the second Volume of that Father's Works He hath done the same also upon the Works Elias of some other Greek Fathers which are found Manuscript in Libraries He wrote Answers to Dionysius the Monk's 8 Questions which are extant in Greek and Latin in the fifth Book of the Greek and Roman Law l. 5. p. 194. GEORGE SYNCELLUS and THEOPHANES GEORGE SYNCELLUS of the Patriarch Tarasius made a Chronicon from the Creation of the World to the Reign of Maximinus and Maximinianus anno 300 which hath George c. been continued by Theophanes a Monk to the Reign of Leo Armericus anno 813. they are printed the one at Paris 1652. and the other 1655. Councils held in the Eighth Century The Assembly of Barkhamstead in the Kingdom of Kent WIGHTHRED King of Kent held an Assembly Anno 697. which Birchwald Bishop of Canterbury assisted at and Gebmond Bishop of Rochester with Assembly of Barkhamstead several of the Clergy and Laity which made some Ecclesiastical and Civil Laws The 1st ordains That the Church shall be free and enjoy her Courts of Justice Revenues and Pensions that they shall pray for the Prince and voluntarily submit to his Orders The 2d That the Fine for infringing the Justice of the Church shall be 50 Pence as that of the King's Justice is The 3d ordains That the Adulterers of the Laity shall be put to Penance and they of the Clergy shall be deposed The 4th That Foreigners guilty of that crime shall be expelled the Realm The 5th and 6th That those of the Nobility overtaken in that sin shall be fined in 100 Pence and the Peasant in 50. The 7th permits an Ecclesiastical Person guilty of Adultery if he break off that habit to continue in the Priesthood provided that he have not maliciously refused to administer Baptism or that he be not a Drunkard The 8th imports That if one with the Tonsure that is a Monk do not keep his Rule he shall retire into an hospitium with permission The 9th That the Slaves affranchised before the Altar shall enjoy their liberty and be capable of Succession and of the other Rights of Free Persons The three next Canons punish with pecuniary Mulcts those who set their Slaves to work or to go a Journey on a Sunday The four following appoint Corporal Punishments or Fines against those who sacrifice to Devils The 17th imports That the Bishop's and the King's word ought to be believed without any Oath The 18th That Abbots shall swear as Priests do and that the Priests shall swear before the Altar by saying simply I speak the truth in Jesus Christ and I lie not that the Deacons shall take the same Oath The 19th That other Clerks shall take four persons more with them to clear themselves by Oath and that they shall lay one of their hands upon the Altar The 20th That strangers shall not be obliged to bring other persons with them The 21st That the Peasants shall present themselves with four persons more and shall bow the head before the Altar The 22d declares That the Causes of the Bishops Clients belong to the Ecclesiastical Court The 23d ordains That if any body impeach a Slave his Master may purge him with his bare Oath provided he take the Eucharist but if he taketh it not he must put in Bail or submit to the Penalty The 24th That a Clergy-man shall purge his Slave with his bare Oath The 25th That he that kills a Robber is not liable to pay any Sum for that Death The 26th That he that shall be catched carrying something away shall be punished with Death Banishment or Fine according to the King's will That he that got hold on him shall have half the Fine but if he kills him he shall be fined in 70 Pence The 27th That he that helps the flight of a Slave who hath robbed his Master shall be fined in 70 Pence and he that killeth him shall pay the worth of him The 28th That the Strangers and Vagabonds which run up and down the Country without blowing the Horn or crying aloud shall be used as High-way-men These Laws are followed with some Canons concerning the Pecuniary Compensation of the Wrongs done to the Church or the Priesthood They were found in the same Monument but it is not known whose they are nor at what time they were written Councils held in England about the matter of Wilfrid FEW Men have been more molested and cross'd in their Life than Wilfrid Abbot of Rippon and afterwards Bishop of York He was a Native of Northumberland born towards the year Councils of England 634. He left his Country to go to Rome where he was instructed in the discipline of that Church Thence he returned to Lyons and there he received the Tonsure from Delphin Bishop of that City who was murder'd soon after by Ebroin's order After his death Wilfrid was called home by Alfrid eldest Son of Oswi King of Northumberland who gave him the Monastery of Rippon founded by him in the Bishoprick of York He was ordain'd Priest by Hagilbert Bishop of Dorcester He was present at the Conference held at Streneshall before the King about the difference between the Church of Rome and the ancient British and Irish Churches about Easter-day and there he maintain'd the usage of the Roman Church against Colman an Irish Man Afterward he was nominated to the Arch-bishoprick of York and passed over into France to get himself ordain'd there being then but one Bishop in England He was consecrated by Angilbert Bishop of Paris and Eleven Bishops assisted at that Ceremony During his absence they that stood for the usage of the Irish Churches perswaded King Oswi to put into the Church of York Ceadde Abbot of Listinguen who was consecrated by one English and two British Bishops S. Wilfrid after his return did immediately retire into his Monastery and after that he was called out into Mercia where the King gave him Lichfield to erect a Bishoprick or a Monastery there After the death of Adeodatus Bishop of Canterbury he perform'd for some time the Episcopal Functions in that Church till Theodorus obtained that See This Man re-established S. Wilfrid in the Arch-bishoprick of York and deprived Ceadde who did very patiently bear
ordain him Bishop nevertheless the Emperor peremptorily requir'd it and wrote to the Pope about the Affair who referr'd the examination of it to the Arch-bishops of Colen and Mentz Whereupon they summon'd a Council but the Emperor would not suffer it to be held and took a resolution to send Charles to Rome to the end that the Pope might take cognizance of the matter and ordain him Bishop Sigefrid prevented the Pope and entreated him not to consecrate Charles but if he found him Innocent to send him back to him and to his Collegues to receive Ordination from them The Pope refusing to determine this Affair at Rome sent him back to be examin'd in his own Country and it was referr'd to the Council which Sigefrid held at Mentz in the Month of August A. D. 1071. The Arch-bishops of Saltzburg and Trier with nine Bishops of Germany assisted in this Synod in which Matters were debated during four Days between Charles and his Adversaries till at last Charles fearing lest he should not be able to carry the Point declar'd that he would not be Bishop contrary to the Inclination of those whom he was to govern and deliver'd up his Ring and Crosier into the Emperor's Hands The Acts of this Council which were sent to the Pope and Sigefrid's Letters are still extant The Council of Erford A. D. 1073. IN the Year 1073. there happen'd a difference between Sigefrid and the Clergy of Thuringen The Council of Erford in 1073. about the Tithes of that Province which this Arch-bishop claim'd as his Right and which were contested with him by the said Clergy more especially by the Abbots of Fulda and Herfeldt The matter was debated in an Assembly held at Erford in the same Year and determin'd by the Emperor to the advantage as Sigefrid who wrote about it to Hildebrand and to Pope Alexander The History of this Council is written by Lambert and we still have Sigefred's two Letters in the last of which he makes mention of the Outrages committed against the Arch-bishop of Trier declaring that he was taken away by force extremely abus'd and at last shamefully put to Death The Councils of England The Council of Aenham held in the Year 1010. KING Ethelred call'd a Council about the Year 1010. in which Elphegus Arch-bishop The Council of Aenham of Canterbury and Ethelred Arch-bishop of York assisted and made a great number of Constitutions concerning the Reformation of Manners and Church Discipline Rules that ought to be follow'd by the Clerks and Monks the Celebacy of Priests and other Clergy-men against superstitious Practices and Incontinency about the Rights of Churches particularly St. Peter's Pence the Tribute of funeral Torches which was paid thrice a Year that of Burials c. concerning the Festivals and Faâ—â—s that ought to be observ'd viz. the great Festival of the Virgin Mary preceeded by a Fast and the Festivals of the Apostles in like manner preceeded by their respective Vigils except that of St. James and St. Philip when a Fast is not to be kept by reason of the Paschal Solemnity the Fast of the four Ember-Weeks and that on all Fridays Concerning the time in which Marriages are forbidden to be solemniz'd that is to say the solemn Festivals the Ember-Weeks from Advent to the Octave of the Epiphany and from Septuagesima to the end of the Fortnight after Easter About the Interval that ought to be observ'd by Widows before they marry again which is the space of a Year Lastly concerning frequent Confessions the receiving of the Communion and divers other Points of Morality For the Ordinances of this Council contain many excellent Instructions and very prudent Exhortations Forasmuch as it was held under Elphegus Archbishop of Canterbury it must needs be between the Year of our Lord 1006. and 1013. There are two different Editions of the Acts of the Council of Aenham The Laws of the Kings Ethelred and Canut THE same King Ethelred publish'd A. D. 1012. certain Laws among which are some relating King Ethelred and King Canut's Laws to Ecclesiastical Affairs particularly about the payment of Peter's Pence to oblige all the Faithful to Fast three Days before the Festival of St. Michael concerning the Prayers which ought to be said in the Churches for the State and about Alms-giving King Canut in like manner in the Year 1032. caus'd divers Laws to be proclaim'd which relate to Church-Affairs viz. concerning the exteriour Religious Worship the Peace of the Churches the respect due to Clergy-men unlawful Marriages the payment of Tithes Peter's Pence and other Tributes the observation of Festivals Sundays and Days of Abstinence the Functions and Manners of the Clergy and of the Faithful and against Irregularities Abuses and Misdemeanours These Laws are full of moral Maxims and pious Exhortations There are also some others of the like nature enacted by King Edward III. The Council of London held in the Year 1075. 'T WAS a long time since any Councils were held or any Constitutions made relating to Church-discipline in England when Lanfranc was ordain'd Arch-bishop of Canterbury The Council of London in 1075. neither could such an Assembly be summond'd for some time after because the King would not suffer any to be conven'd without his permission At last he held a National Synod at London A. D. 1075. in which Thomas Arch-bishop of York assisted and eleven Bishops of England with the Bishop of Coutances who was admitted to the Council because he had a considerable Estate in this Kingdom There were also present 21 Abbots in this Council in which it was first ordain'd That all the Bishops should take their Places according to the antiquity of their Ordination except those who had a peculiar Privilege upon account of the Dignity of their Sees and after having sought for those who might lay claim to such a Privilege in England it was determin'd that the Arch-bishop of York should be plac'd on the right Hand of the Metropolitan of Canterbury the Bishop of London on the left and the Bishop of Winchester next the Arch-bishop of York and that in the absence of the latter the Bishop of London should sit on the right Hand of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Winchester on the left Afterward it was decreed That all the Monks should live according to St. Benedict's Rule that they should take care to instruct the Youth and that they should not have any private possessions Then three Episcopal Sees which were erected in Towns were translated to Cities according to the Tenor of the third Constitution and the ancient Injunctions were reviv'd which prohibited to receive a Clerk who was subject to the Jurisdiction of another Bishop without Letters of recommendation from his Diocesan and to marry a near Kinswoman Simoniacal Practices Witchcraft and Pagan Superstitions were likewise forbidden and the Celebacy of the Clergy was strictly enjoin'd The Council of Winchester held A. D. 1076. IN a Council held the
admitted which was dedicated to the Novices of the Monastery of St. Sulpicius of the Cistercian Order These two Authors wrote in the end of the Century ZACHARY a Regular Canon as some say of the Order of Premontre in the Monastery of St. Martin at Laon or according to others Bishop of Chrysopolis wrote a Commentary on Ammonius's Evangelical Concord which was printed at Colen A. D. 1535. and in the Nineteenth Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum We have no certain Account of the Life and Character of this Author or of the time when he flourish'd CHAP. XIII Of the Writers of Ecclesiastical History of the Twelfth Century THE Twelfth Century has produc'd so great a Number of Historians and Historical Works as well Ecclesiastical as Prophane that 't is in a manner impossible to give a particular Account of every one of them nevertheless we have endeavour'd to make a Catalogue of them and at least to represent the Authors and their Works in general In order to do which more conveniently and more methodically we have distributed them under several Articles and Divisions The Writers of General History FLORENTIUS BRAVO an English Monk of Winchester wrote a Chronicle from the Creation Florentius Bravo Monk of Winchest of the World to the Year of our Lord 1118. taken in part from that of Marianus Scotus printed at London A. D. 1595. and at Francfurt in 1601. as also a Genealogical Account of the Kings of England which is likewise annex'd to the London Edition He died A. D. 1119. ECKARD Abbot of Urangen in the Diocess of Wurtzburg flourish'd A. D. 1130. and left a Eckard Abbot of Urangen Chronicle to Posterity Trithemius makes mention of a Work of this Author call'd The Lantern of Monks there are also extant certain Letters and Sermons written by him HUGH a Monk of Fleury compos'd A. D. 1120. a Chronicle from the Creation of the World Hugh Monk of Fleury to the Year 840. which was printed at Munster in 1638. The same Author wrote two Books concerning the Royal Authority and the Sacerdotal Dignity which were dedicated to Henry I. King of England and publish'd by M. Baluzius in the Fourth Tome of his Miscellaneous Works ORDERICUS VITALIS born in England at Attingesham on the River Severn A. D. 1075. Ordericus Vitalis Monk of St. Evrou was sent at the Age of eleven Years to Normandy and plac'd in the Abby of St. Evrou where he assim'd the Habit of a Monk and compleated his Studies He likewise enter'd into Holy Orders and spent his whole Life in that Monastery leaving XIII Books of Ecclesiastical History from the Nativity of Jesus Christ to the Year 1142. which were publish'd by M. du Chesne in the Volume of the Historiographers of Normandy ANSELM Abbot of Gemblours in Brabant continu'd Sigebert's Chronicle from the Year 1112. to Anselm Abbot of Gemblours Otho Bishop of Frisinghen 1137. This Continuation with two others the first of which is extended to the Year 1149. and the second to 1225. was set forth by Albertus Miraeus and printed at Antwerp A. D. 1608. The Birth of OTHO Bishop of Frisinghen is no less illustrious than the Reputation he acquir'd by writing his History For he was the Son of Leopold Marquess of Austria and of Agnes the Daughter of the Emperor Henry IV. That Princess was twice marry'd viz. at first to Frederick Duke of Suevia or Schwaben to whom she brought forth two Sons namely Conrad the Emperor and Frederick Duke of Suevia But by her second Marriage with Leopold she had Leopold Duke of Bavaria Henry Duke of Austria Gertrude Dutchess of Bohemia Bertha Dutchess of Poland Ita Marchioness 〈◊〉 Montferrat Otho and Conrad These two last being design'd by their Father for the Ecclesiastical Functions Otho obtain'd the Government of a College which his Father had founded at Neuâ—…g and where he order'd himself to be bury'd But Otho soon resign'd his Office to Opoldus and being incited with an ardent desire of becoming Master of the Liberal Sciences went to Paris where he compleated his Studies Some Years after he turned Cistercian Monk in the Abbey of Morimond with Fifteen of his Companions In 1138. the Emperor Conrad his Brother conferr'd 〈◊〉 him the Bishoprick of Frisinghen in Bavaria and honour'd him with the Dignities of Chancellor and Secretary of State He accompanied that Prince in his Expedition to the Holy Land A. D. 1147. and at last in 1156. leaving his Bishoprick retir'd to the Abbey of Morimond where he died in the Month of September in the same Year This Prelate compos'd a Chronological History from the Creation of the World to his time divided into Seven Books and annex'd an Eighth concerning the Persecution to be raised by Anti-christ and the Resurrection of the Dead He wrote a very fine Style with respect to the Age in which he liv'd and much more politely than the other Historians of those Times He was well versed in Scholastical Divinity as also in Aristotle's Philosophy and was one of the first who as Radâ—ic has observ'd introduced that Science into Germany Upon which Account 't is not to be admir'd that he has been very favourable to Gillebert de la Porréc in the Dissertation prefix'd before his History It was first published by John Cuspinian and printed at Strasbourg A. D. 1515. afterwards at Basil in 1569. and among the German Historiographers at Francfurâ— in 1585. and 1670. Otho in like manner wrote two Books containing the History of the Actions of Frederick Barbeâ—ossa which are subjoyn'd at the end of his Chronicle Moreover Wolfgangus Lazius says that he saw an History of Austria compos'd by the same Otho but there has been no talk of it since neither has it as yet appear'd any where in Print GODFREY OF VITERBO so call'd from the Name of his Native Country who was a Godfrey of Viterbo Priest Almoner and Secretary of State to the Emperors Conrad III. Frederick I. and Henry VI. wrote an Universal Chronicle dedicated to Pope Urban III. and call'd Pantheon by reason of the great Variety of Occurrences contain'd therein It ends at the Year 1186. and is inserted among the Works of the German Historians collected by Pistorius and printed at Francfurt in 1584. It is reported that this Writer spent Forty Years in travelling that he made a prodigious Collection of all sorts of Observations during his Voyages and that he understood the Hebrew Chaldaick Greek and Latin Tongues Lambecius makes mention of another Work by the same Author which is to be seen in Manuscript in the Emperor's Library bearing this Title The Mirror of Kings or Genealogies of all the Kings and Emperors from the universal Floud to the time of Henry VI. ROBERT OF TORIGNY a Monk afterwards Prior of Bec Abbey and at last Abbot of St. Michael's Robert of Torigny Abbot of Mount St. Michael Mount compos'd a Supplement of Sigebert's Chronicle and a Continuation to the Year 11â—4 as also
a Treatise of the Monasteries and Abbies of Normandy the History of that of St. Michael's Mount a Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles taken from St. Augustin and the History of the Reign of Henry II. King of England Father Luke Dachery has caused to be printed at the end of Guibert's Works the Supplement and Continuation of Sigibert's Chronicle and the Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy with a Letter written by the said Robert and his Preface to the Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles OTHO OF S. BLAISIUS continu'd the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. Otho of St. Blaisiue John Brompton Abbot of Jorval JOHN BROMPTON an English Monk of the Cistercian Order and Abbot of Jorval in the Diocess of York is the reputed Author of a certain Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. but the learned Mr. Selden assures us that it was not written by him that he only caus'd it to be transcrib'd and that he did not live in this Century Historians of England THE Kingdom of England has brought forth so many approved Authors who have â—mploy'd their Pens in writing the History of their Native Country that they well deserve to be referr'd to a particular Article HENRY OF HUNTINGTON the Son of a marry'd Priest named Nicolas and the Pupil of Albinus Andegavius Canon of Lincoln was made Canon of the same Church and afterwards Henry Arch-deacon of Huntington Arch-deacon of Huntington by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln whom he accompanied in his Journey to Rome He wrote the History of the English Monarchy from its first Foundation till the Death of King Stephen which happen'd in 1154. It is dedicated to the said Bishop Alexander and divided into Eight or Ten Books being contain'd among the Works of the English Writers in Sir Henry Savil's Collection printed at London A. D. 1596. and at Francfurt in 1601. Father Luke Dachery has likewise published in the Eighth Tome of his Spicilegium a small Tract of this Author concerning the Contempt of the World dedicated to Gauterius He there shews how the Things of this sublunary World ought to be contemned relating many Examples of Misfortunes that happen'd to the Great Personages of his Age and the miserable Death of divers profligate Wretches He declares in the Preface to this Tract that he had before made a Dedication to the same Person of a Collection of Epigrams and of a Poem about Love There are also in the Libraries of Oxford and Cambridge several other Manuscript Works of this Author particularly a Letter concerning the British Kings dedicated to Warinus a Treatise of the Counties of Great Britain another of the Image of the World and a Third of the English Saints WILLIAM LITTLE known by the Name of Guâ—iâ—lmus Neubrigensis was born at Bridlington near York A. D. 1136. and educated in the Convent of the Regular Canons of Neutbridge where Gulielmus Neubrigensis he embraced the Monastick Life He compos'd a large History of England divided into Five Books from the Year 1066. to 1197. This History is written with much Fidelity and in a smooth and intelligible Style It was printed at Antwerp A. D. 1567. ar Heidelberg in 1587. and lastly at Paris with John Picard's Notes in 1610. It is believ'd that he died A. D. 1208. WALTER born in the Principality of Wales Arch-deacon and even as some say Bishop of Oxford translated out of English into Latin the History of England composed by Geffrey of Monmouth Walter Arch-deacon of Oxford John Pyke and continued to his time JOHN PYKE wrote an History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings of England and flourished with the former Historian under King Henry I. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury compos'd several Treatises relating to the History of England which are contain'd in Mr. Selden's Collection of the English Historiographers particularly Gervase Monk of Canterbury a Relation of the burning and repairing of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury an Account of the Contests between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop a Chronicle from the Year 1122. to 1199. and the Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury GEFFREY ARTHUR Arch-deacon of St. Asaph was chosen Bishop of that Diocess A. D. 1151. He left his Bishoprick by reason of certain Commotions which happen'd in Wales and retir'd Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph to the Court of Henry II. King of England who gave him the Abbey of Abbington in Commendam Afterwards in a Council held at London A. D. 1175. the Clergy of St. Asaph caus'd a Proposal to be made to Geffrey by the Archbishop of Canterbury either to return to his Bishoprick or to admit another Bishop to be substituted in his room He refus'd to return designing to keep his Abbey but both the Abbey and the Bishoprick were dispos'd of and he was left destitute of any Ecclesiastical Preferment He wrote or rather translated out of English into Latin an History of Great Britain from the beginning to his time which is full of Fables dedicated to Robert Duke of Glocester and divided into Twelve Books It was printed at Paris A. D. 1517. at Lyons by Potelier in 1587. and by Commelin in the same Year it is also inserted among the Works of the English Historians printed that Year at Heidelberg It is reported that he in like manner translated out of English into Latin the ancient Prophecies of Merlin which were printed at Francfurt with Alanus's Observations A. D. 1603. The History of the Church of Durham was written by several Authors the first of whom is Turgot Monk of Durham TURGOT a Monk of that Diocess who compos'd one from its first Foundation to the Year 1096. SIMEON OF DURHAM copied out Turgot's History almost word for word from the Year Simeon of Durham 635. to 1096. and continued it to 1154. He likewise wrote an History of the Kings of England and Denmark from the Year 731. to 1130. A Letter to Hugh Dean of York about the Archbishops of that City and a Relation of the Siege of Durham These Three last Pieces were published by Father Labbé in the first Tome of his Library of Manuscripts The Historians of the Church of Durham by Turgot and Simeon were printed at London with the Works of the other English Historiographers A. D. 1652. WILLIAM OF SOMERSET a Monk of Malmesbury is justly preferr'd before all the other William of Somerset Monk of Malmesbury English Historians His History of England divided into Five Books contains the most remarkable Transactions in this Kingdom since the arrival of the Saxons to the 28th Year of King Henry I. that is to say from the Year of our Lord 449. to 1127. He afterwards added Two Books continuing the History to A. D. 1143. and annexed to the whole Work Four Books containing the History of the Bishops of England from Augustin the Monk who first planted Christianity in these Parts to his time These Works were printed at London
St. Bernard Manuscript Works A Commentary on the 44th Psalm A Tract of the Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost PETER the Venerable Abbot of Cluny Genuine Works still extant Letters A Treatise of the Divinity of JESUS CHRIST A Work against the Jews A Treatise against the Petrobusians Two Books of Miracles A Sermon on our Saviour's Transfiguration Divers Poetical Tracts The Statutes of his Order Works lost Five Books against the Alcoran Three Sermons GUERRIC Abbot of Igny Genuine Works Several Sermons PHILIP a Monk of Clairvaux A Genuine Work A Letter to Sampson Archbishop of Rheims SAMPSON Archbishop of Rheims Genuine Works Letters to Pope Innocent II. A Charter in favour of the Abbey of Clairvaux ROBERT PULLUS Cardinal A Genuine Work still extant A Book of Sentences Works lost A Commentary on the Book of Psalms A Commentary on the Revelation A Treatise of the Contempt of the World Four Books of the Speech of the Doctors A Book of Lessons Divers Sermons SUGER Abbot of St. Denis Genuine Works The Life of Lewes the Gross Several Letters GILLEBERT DE LA PORREE Bishop of Poitiers A Genuine Work HUGO METELLUS A Regular Canon of St. Leon at Toul Genuine Works A Letter concerning the Eucharist publish'd by F. Mabillon Two other Letters among those of St. Bernard And many other Manuscripts in the Library of the College of Clermont THOMAS Abbot of Maurigny A Genuine Work still extant A Letter to St. Bernard BERNARD a Monk of Cluny Genuine Works Three Books in Verse of the Contempt of the World ULGERUS Bishop of Anger 's Genuine Works A Letter to Pope Innocent II in favour of the Abbey of St. Mary de Roe A 〈…〉 Renâ—es ANTONIUS MEâ—â—â—SSUS 〈…〉 〈…〉 A Collection of 〈…〉 Maxims taken out of the 〈…〉 of the Fathers HERMAN Abbâ—â— of St. 〈◊〉 at Tournay Genuiâ—… Wâ—…ks A Relation of 〈…〉 of the Church of 〈…〉 Three 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 of St. Mary at Laon. 〈…〉 A Treatise of tâ—… of Jesus Christ. 〈…〉 THIMO and 〈…〉 A Genâ—… Work â—…ll â—xtant The Life of St. Oâ—ho the Abostle of 〈…〉 ARCHARDUS a Monk of â—…aux A 〈…〉 Work The Life of St. 〈◊〉 Hâ—… of Troyes A 〈…〉 Wâ—… The Charter of â—onatioâ— to the Abbey of Clair â—â—ux EUGENIUS III. Pope Genuine Works Seventy Six Letters A Privilege in favour of 〈◊〉 Bishops of the Proâ—… of Bourâ—es Tâ—… to St. Bernard when resided in the 〈…〉 St Anastasius ANASTASIUS IV. Pope Genuine â—…ks Twelve Letters OTHO Bishop of Frisinghen Genuine Works A Chronological History divided into Eight Books Two Books of the Acts c. of Frederick Barbâ—rossa POTHO a Monk of â—… Genuine Works 〈…〉 Five Books of the State of the House of God A Treatise of the Grand â—…ce of Wisdom SERLO 〈…〉 Savigny A Manuscript Works A Treatise of the Lord's Prayer HUGH a Monk of Cluny Genuine Works A Letter concerning the Virtues of Hugh Abbot of Cluny The Life of the same Abbot 〈…〉 or Taranto â—…s Twenty Five Letters HUGH 〈…〉 Roan â—… Three 〈…〉 to his Clergy concerning the 〈…〉 time Two â—… NICOLAS a Monk of Clairvaux and 〈…〉 Genuine Works Divers Sermons Four 〈…〉 SIMâ—… of 〈◊〉 Gâ—… Wâ—… The History of Engâ—… copy'd out of Tâ—… and continu'd to the Year 1154. The 〈…〉 Denmark A Letter to Hugh Dean of York A Relation of the Siege of Durham BARTHâ—â—OMEW of Foigny Bishop of Laon A Genuine Work An Apologetical Letter GAUTERIUS of Mauritania Bishop of Laon Genuine Works Five Letters WOLBERO Abbot of St. Pantaleon at Colen A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Book of Canticles LUKE Abbot of St. Cornelius A Genuine Work A Commentary on the Song of Solomon GRATIAN a Monk of St. Felix at Bologna A Genuine Work still extant The Concord of disagreeing Canons or the Book of â—… commonly call'd The Decretal PETER LOMBARD Bishop of Paris Genuine Works A Book of Sentences Commentaries on the Book of Psalms and on the Epistlâ—â— of St. Paul FALCO 〈…〉 of Beneventum A Genuine Work A Chronicle to the Year 1140. HENRY Arch-Deacon of Huntington Genuine Works The History of England to the Year 1154. A Treatise of Contempt of the World Manuscript Works A Letter concerning the British Kings A Tract about the Province of Britain The Lives of the Saints of England Two nameless AUTHORS the Epitomizers of Foucher Genuine Works still extant Two Abstracts of Foucher's History viz. the first to the Year 1106. and the second from A. D. 1110. to 1124. HUGH Cardinal Bishop of Ostia A Genuine Work A Letter concerning the Death of Pope Eugenius III. CONSTANTINUS MANASSES A Genuine Work A Compendious History from the Creation of the World to the Reign of Alexis Comnenus CONSTANTINUS HARMENOPULUS a Judge of Thessalonica Genuine Works A Treatise of the several Sects of Hereticks A Confession of Faith A Dictionary JOHN Patriarch of Antioch A Genuine Work A Treatise against the Custom of giving Monasteries to Lay-Men GERMANUS Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works still extant Two Homilies ARSENIUS a Monk of Mount-Athos A Genuine Work A Collection of Canons ANDRONICUS CAMATERUS Manuscript Works A Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost A Conference between the Emperor Manuel and the Patriarch of the Armenians A Treatise of the two Natures in Jesus Christ. GEORGE Archbishop of Corfu A Genuine Work Monodia in honour of the Abbot Nectarius Manuscript Works A Treatise of Purgatory A Treatise of the use of leavened Bread LUCAS CHRYSOBERGIUS Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works Thirteen Statutes relating to Discipline ROBERT Arch-Deacon of Ostrevant A Genuine Work still extant The Life of St. Aibert A nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work The Life of St. Ludger THEOBALDUS a Monk of St. Peter at Beze A Genuine Work The Acts and Miracles of St. Prudentius GAUTERIUS a Canon of Terouanne A Genuine Work The Life and Martyrdom of Charles the Good Count of Flanders HERBERT a Monk A Genuine Work A Letter against the Hereticks of Perigueux HAIMO Arch-Deacon of Châlons Genuine Works Two Letters HERMAN a Converted Jew of Colen A Genuine Work still extant An Account of his Conversion NICETAS of Constantinople A Genuine Work An Apologetical Treatise for the Council of Chalcedon against the Armenians BASIL of Acris Archbishop of Thessalonica A Genuine Work A Letter to Pope Adrian TEULPHUS a Monk of Maurigny A Genuine Work A Chronicle of Hildersheim JOHN a Monk of Marmoutier A Genuine Work The History of the Acts of Geffrey Plantagenet ALEXANDER an Abbot in Sicily Genuine Works Four Books of the History of the Life and Actions of Roger King of Sicily ADRIAN IV Pope Genuine Works Fourty seven Letters and a Privilege ALEXANDER III. Pope Genuine Works still extant A Hundred and Fifty Letters and several Collections LUCIUS III. Pope Genuine Works Three Letters URBAN III. Pope Genuine Works Five Letters GREGORY VIII Pope Genuine Works Three Letters RADULPHUS NIGER a Monk of St. Germer Genuine Works Twenty Books of Commentaries on the Book of Leviticus S. ELIZABETH Abbess
Century Genuine Works c. Collections of the Decretals BERNARD Of Compostella Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works still Extant A Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. A Commentary or the Decretals A Treatise of Cases on the five Books of Decretals A Collection of the Bulls of the Pope An Anonymous AUTHOR Who Flourish'd under Innocent III. A Genuine Work c. A Collection of the Decretals of Innocent III. Writ during and since the General Council of Lateran WILBRAND Of Oldemburg Canon of Hildesheim Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Relation of the Expedition to the Holy Land ROBERT Regular Canon of Premontre Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Chronology from the beginning of the World to the Year 1212. JOHN Of Oxford Dean of Salisbury Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works c. The History of England The Relation of his Voyage into Sicily JOHN Abbot of Fordeham Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Genuine Works c. The Life of S. Wolfric The Actions of John King of England The Chronicle of Scotland JOCELIN Of Brakelande Monk of Uske Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The Chronicle of the Monastery of Uske A Treatise of the Election of Hugh The Life of S. Robert JOHN GREY Bishop of Norwich Flourish'd the beginning of thâ— Century Dyed in the year 1216. A Genuine Work c. His Chronicle ADAM Of Barkingen an Englishman Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. His Chronicle HUGH WHITE Monk of Peterburgh Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The History of the Monastery of Peterburgh The Original of the Church of Mercia S. FRANCIS Of Assisy Born in 1182. Founded his Order in the year 1208. Dyed in the year 1226. Genuine Works c. Treatises of Piety WILLIAM Deacon of the Church of Bourges Flourish'd in the beginning of the Century A Manuscript A Treatise against the Jews MANUEL CHARITOPULA Patriarch of Constantinople from the year 1221. to the year 1226. Genuine Works c. An Answer to the Queries of the Bishop of Pella Two Decrees about Marriage HONORIUS III. Pope Elected July 8. 1216. Dyed April 18. 1227. Genuine Works still Extant A Collection of his Decretals Several Letters in the Annalists in the Councils in the Bullary in the Decretals and in the Miscellanies of Monsieur Baluze ALEXANDER NECKAM Abbot of Exeter Made Abbot in the year 1215. Dyed in the year 1227. Manuscripts See the Catalogue of them p. 60. HELLINAND Monk of Froimont Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Dyed in the year 1227. Genuine Works c. The four last Books of his Chronological History A Letter concerning an Apostate Monk The History of S. Gereon the Martyr Manuscripts A Treatise of the Apocalypse An Encomium on the Monastical Life SANTHONY Of Padua the Disciple of S. Francis Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Dyed in the year 1231. Genuine Works c. Sermons A Mystical Exposition of the Holy Scriptures A Moral Concordance on the Bible RICERUS The Disciple of S. Francis Flourish'd the beginning of the Century A Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the Methods of easily attaining the Knowledge of the Truth MAURICE Archbishop of Roan Made Bishop of Mans in 1219. Translated to Roan in 1231. Dyed in 1234. Genuine Works c. Three Letters JOHN ALGRIN Of Abbeville Cardinal Made Archbishop of Bezancon in 1225. Cardinal in 1227. Dyed in 1236. A Genuine Work c. Notes on the Canticles A Manuscript Several Sermons JORDANUS Of the Order of Preaching Fryats Made General of his Order in the year 1222. Dyed in the year 1236. Genuine Works c. The History of the first Rise of the Order of Dominicans A Circular Letter about the Translation of the Body of S. Dominick GERMANUS NAUPLIUS Patriarch of Constantinople Made so in 1226. Dyed in 1243. Genuine and Spurious Works See the Catalogue of them p. 86. CAESAREUS Of Heisterbac Prior of Villiers Flourish'd from the year 1199. to the year 1226. Genuine Works c. Two Books of the History of Miracles The History of S. Engelbert Sermons PRAEPOSITIVUS A Divine of Paris Flourish'd about the year 1225. A Manuscript A Body of Divinity HUGH Regular Canon of S. Marian of Auxerre Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work still Extant The Continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of S. Marian CONRAD Of Lâ—â—chtenau Abbot of Ursperg Made Abbot in 1215. Dyed in the year 1240. A Genuine Work c. A Chronicle to the year 1229. RODERICK XIMENES Archbishop of Toledo Advanc'd to that See in the year 1208. Dyed in the year 1245. Genuine Works c. The History of Spain The History of the Huns and Vandals The History of the Arabians The History of the Romans HENRY Count of Calva Abbot of Richenou Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Pirrâ—in CONRAD Prior of Schur Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The History of the Monastery and Abbots of Schur A Work lost A Chronicle ECKERHARD Dean of S. Gal. Flourish'd about the year 1230. A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Notger WILLIAM Monk of S. Dennis Flourish'd about the same time Works lost Three Books of History RADULPHUS NIGER An Englishman Flourish'd the beginning of the Century Manuscripts Two Chronicles the one Copious the other Abridg'd The History of William the Conqueror of John and of Henry III. Kings of England The Relation of an Expedition to Jerusalem ALEXANDER Of Somerset Abbot of Esby Flourish'd about the year 1220. Manuscripts The Lives of the Saints A Calendar in Verse CONRAD Monk of Schur Flourish'd about the yeâ—â— 1220. A Manuscript A Chronicle RIGORD and WILLIAM The Britain Flourish'd about the year 1230. Genuine Works c. The History of Philip Augustus King of France by Rigord The Life of the same King in Verse by William the Briton FABIAN HUGâ—â—IN Of the Order of 〈◊〉 Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Francis and his Companions CONRAD Of Everbaâ— Abbâ—â— Flourish'd about the same time 〈◊〉 A Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the 〈◊〉 of the Order of Citeaux JOHNGAL Abbot of Fontenelle Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The Life of S. Walfran ALBERTUS Prior of Mont des Vignes Flourish'd about the same time Genuine Works c. The Lives of S. Beatrice S. Aldegonda and S. Amand. GERARD Monk of S. Quentin of Lisle Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work still Extant The Relation of the Translation of our Saviour's Crown of Thorns HUGH Regular Canon of Premontre at Floreff Flourish'd at the same time Genuine Works c. The Lives of S. Iva and S. Ivetta CONRAD Of Marpourg of the Order of Dominicans Flourish'd about the same time A Genuine Work c. The History of the Life and Miracles of S.
St. John Damascene commends him in the beginning of his Treatise of the Trisagion which he composed to draw this Abbot out of the Error which he thought him engaged in about this Point They attribute to him a Treatise against the Jews published in Latin in Canistus's Antiquities and in the Bibliotheca Patrum Tom. 13. but it might be supposed to be made a more modern Author for the Author of it says That 800 years ago Christ's Oracles were fulfilled that the Jews were dispersed and Jerusalem destroyed by Vespasâ—an Which makes me think that he lived to the ninth Century This Author does not only bring Proofs for the Christian Religion but he answers the Questions and Objections of the Jews The Work is imperfect It is found in Greek in the Vatican Library and in the Jesuits at Rome It is written well and the Reasons he alledges are pretty solid He observes That when Christians honour Images they do not adore the Wood but their Respect refers to Christ and his Saints and that they are so far from adoring Images that when they are grown old and spoiled they burn them tomake new ones EGBERT of YORK EGBERT an English Man Brother to * Alià s Eadbert Etbert King of Northumberland was Arch-bishop of York from 731 till about 767. The chief Work of Egbert was a Penitential published in four Books which are found in Manuscript in the Libraries of England We have different Extracts of it There is one containing divers Canons concerning Clerks Another composed of 35 Constitutions against divers Sins of Clerks and other Christians These Collections are ill contrived and of little Authority Egbert of York There was printed in 1664. at Dublin together with Boniface's Letters a Treatise about the Life of Clergy-men bearing Egberâ—'s Name It is made up of Questions and Answers and the Questions are not directed to one Archbishop but to many Bishops 'T is therefore a Consultation directed to a Council but it seems to me to be much later than Egbert The small Tract of the Remedies of Sins ascribed to Bede is one of the ancientest Extracts of Egbert's Penitential All those Pieces are of no great use They are found in the end of the sixth Volume of the Councils of F. Labbe's Edition St. JOHN DAMASCENE JOHN Sirnamed MANSUR by the Arabians or Chrysorrhoas from his Eloquence was born at Damascus of rich and godly Parents He was taught and brought up by Cosmas a St. John Damascene Monk of Jerusalem who had been taken by the Saracens After his Father's decease he succeeded him in the Place of Counsellor of State to the Prince of the Saracens Being in that Office he began to write in the Defence of Images which did so highly provoke the Emperor Leo Sirnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that he formed a design to destroy him by an unparallel'd piece of Treachery He caused one to counterfeit the Hand of John Damascene and to contrive a Letter in his Name whereby he betrayed his Master advising Leo to come speedily to Damascus to take that City This Letter he sent to the Prince of the Saracens who if we believe the Author of St. John Damascene's Life caused John's Hand to be immediately cut off and to be for many hours exposed to the sight of the People in the middle of the Town In the evening John demanding it joyned it to his mangled Arm afterward having prayed to the Virgin and thereupon going to sleep it was found re-united to his Arm when he awoke out of his Sleep This Miracle struck the Prince of the Saracens with amazement and forced him to acknowledge John's Innocency he prayed him to continue in his Court but John chose rather to withdraw himself from the World and therefore betook himself into St. Subas's Monastery at Jerusalem where he was committed to the care of a very severe old Monk who imposed on him a perpetual Silénce for the breaking of which he was turned out of his Cell by that old man who commanded him for his Penance to carry away the Filth of the Cells of the Monastery When he had made himself ready to obey his Order the good old man embraced him and caused him to return About the end of his Life he was ordained Priest by the Patriarch of Jerusalem but he returned immediately again into his Monastery from whence he did valiantly oppose the Opinion of the Iconodastes He died towards the year 750. This Author wrote a great number of Works of all kinds They may be divided into Doctrinal Historical and Moral * Such as treat of the Festivals of the Year Heortastical Ecclesiastical and Prophane Among the Doctrinal Works we may place in the first Rank the four Books of the Orthodox Faith in which he hath comprehended the whole substance of Divinity in a Scholastical and Methodical manner The first Book is of the Nature Existence and Attributes of God and of the three Persons of the Trinity In all Points he agreeth with our Divines except in the Article of the Procession of the Holy-Ghost which he believes to proceed from the Father only The 2d Book treats of the Creatures the World the Angels and Daemons of Heaven and Earth and all Things contained therein of Paradise and of Man He teaches that Man is composed of a Body and Soul that his Soul is Spiritual and Immortal he distinguisheth the Faculties of it he speaks of its Passions Actions Thoughts Will and Liberty which he places in the power of doing what we please He treats also of Providence Prescience and Predestination or Predetermination He affirms that this taketh no place in free Actions that God permits them but ordains them not He concludes with Man's Fall of which Adam's Sin was the cause This leads him to the Incarnation of the Son of God which is the Subject of his third Book He explains this Mystery with great exactness he establisheth the distinction of the Existence of the two Natures he speaks of their Proprieties of the Wills of Christ and of his Free-will which he believes to be different from ours in that the Determination of it is without any doubt or deliberation proceeding He enlargeth upon the two Wills of Christ he explains in what sense these Expressions are to be understood There is in Christ an Incarnate Nature a Theandrick Will and an Human Nature Deified He shews that Jesus Christ was subject neither to Ignorance nor to Temptation that the quality of Slave does not belong to him that he increased in Knowledge and Wisdom so far forth only as it did more appear outwardly according as he grew into years He proves the Human Nature 〈◊〉 really suffer whiâ—… the Divinity remained impassible He maintains that the Divinity never ceased to be united to Christ's Soul and Body no not in the time of his Death In the 4th having discoursed of Christ's Resurrection and examined some Questions about the Incarnation he treats of Baptism of the
came from Time to Time to give the Bishop an account of their Conduct and the Bishop did also visit his Diocess Publick Penance was in use yet but not with the same rigor as in the former Ages They granted Absolution several Times They never denyed the Communion to dying People Secret Confessions were frequent They recommended frequent Communion They administred yet Baptism by immersion and only at Easter and Whitsuntide unless in case of Necessity Prayer for the Dead was very much practised This is part of the Discipline contained in Charlemagne's Capitularies This is the Catalogue of this Emperor's Letters A Letter to Offa King of the Mercians in the Year 774. A Declaration for the Designation of Bishopricks A Letter to Fastrade his Wife Some Instructions given to Angilbert going to Rome anno 796. A Letter to Leo sent by Angilbert Two Letters to Offa. A Fragment of a Letter against vicious Priests directed to the Bishops of France A Letter to the Monks of S. Martin of Tours wherein he enjoyns them to send back again to Theodulphus Bishop of Orleans some Clerks of Orleans who had harboured among them A Letter for the Restauration of Schools in Churches and Monasteries A Letter to Pepin for the Peace of the Churches and of those who serve them A Letter to the Bishops of the Kingdom written in 811. commanding them to instruct the Priests and the People in the Signification of the Ceremonies of Baptism The Copy we have of it is directed to Odelbert it was set forth by F. Mabillon and is found as well as the preceeding in the Collection of Capitularies of M. Baluzius This Letter stirred up Amalarius Jesse and some other Bishops to make some Treatises to explain the Right of Baptism A Letter to Alcuin about the number of the Works in the Year among Alcuin's Works A Letter which he made for a Preface to the Book of Homilies made by Paul the Deacon and collected into one Volume by his order set out by F. Mabillon in the first Volume of his Analecta pag. 25. Sigebert ranks Charlemagne among Ecclesiastical Writers upon the account of this Work which yet was none of his but of Paul the Deacon of Aquileia F. Mabillon hath moreover set forth in the fourth Volume of his Analecta an Epistle of Charlemagne touching the Grace of the * Of the sevenfold Spirit Holy Ghost Lastly we meet with several Letters more of Charlemagne as Foundations Donations Priviledges c. in the Collection of such kind of Pieces But the two most considerable Ecclesiastical Works that have appeared under this Prince's Name are the Letter written in his Name to Elipandus Bishop of Toledo and the other Bishops of Spain against the Error of Felix Bishop of Urgel which is at the end of the Council of Frankfort and the four Books called Carolin against Image-Worship and the Decree of the Nicene Council Some attribute them to Ingilram Bishop of Mets others to Alcuin others would have us think them to be supposititious But this last Pretension is unwarrantable for not to speak of the Authority of Hincmarus who cites them and of several ancient Authors which are found in Libraries Pope Adrian's Answer to this Work shews it had been published in his Time by Charlemagne's Order and the Councils of Frankfort and Paris are authentick Testimonies of the Truth of these Books So that there can be no Doubt but this Work is a kind of Manifesto containing the Sentiment of the French Church published under the Name and by the Order of Charlemagne We shall speak more fully of these Works of Charlemagne when we make the History of the seventh Council and of this of Frankfort where we will examine the Affair of Felix of Urgel and the Sentiments of the Author of the Carolin Books touching Images ALCUIN FLaccus ALBIN or ALCUIN born in England Deacon of the Church of York and the Scholar of Bede and of Egbert was invited into France anno 790. by Charlemagne Alcuin who looked upon him as his Master and shewed a great esteem for him He had the Reputation of one of the most learned Men of his Age in Ecclesiastical Matters He instructed the French not only by his Writings but moreover by the publick Lectures he read in the King's Palace and other Places Charles gave him the Government of many Abbies and at last charged him with the Care of the Canons of S. Martin of Tours He died in this Society anno 804. This Aâ—thor's Works 〈◊〉 collected by Andreas â—…us or 〈◊〉 Chesne and Printed at Paris by Craâ—… in 1617. They are divided into Three parts The 1st comprehends his Tracts upon the Scripture the 2d his Books of Doctrine Discipline and Morality and the 3d the Verses Letters and Pâ—â—ms he made The first part comprehends the following Works Questions and Answers about several difficult passages of Geâ—…sis with an Explication of these words Let us make Man in our â—mage An Exposition of the Penitential and Gradual Psalms and of the 118th Psalm A Treatise of the use of Psalms with Prayers taken out of the Psalms An Office of the Church for the Year A Letter upon what is said in the Song of Songs that there be Sixty Queens and Eighty Concubines A Commentary upon Ecclesiastes and Seven Books of Comâ—…taries upon the Gospel of S. John It is observed in the end of this part that Alcuinus had laboured to correct the whole Text of the vulgar Bible by Charlemagne's Order and that this Manuscript-work is found in the Library of Vauxcelles with some Verses of Alcuinus upon this Work The Second part comprehends the following Treatises A Tract of the Trinity Dedicated to Charlemagne divided into Three Books wherein he handles with great accuracy and clearness some Speculative and Scholastick Questions concerning those Mysteries with Twenty Eight Questions and Answers about the Trinity A Letter explaining what is Time Eternity and an Age c. * In the Biblioth Patrum it is attributed to Paulinus Bishop of Aquileia but falsly A Tract of the Soul directed to his Sister Eâ—â—alia a Virgin Seven Books against the Opinion of Felix Bishop of Urgel who believed Jesus Christ might be called the Adoptive Son of God as to his Humane Nature A Letter upon the same Subject written to Elipandus Bishop of Toledo Elipandus's Answer in which he treats Alcuin very rudely and having loaded him with Calumny cites some passages of the Fathers and the Church-Office to justifie that Jesus Christ may be called God's Adoptive Son as to his Humane Nature Alcuin's Reply to Elipandus's Letter divided into Four Books In the Two first he Answers the Authorities alledg'd by Elipandus and in the Two last he proves his own Opinion by Testimonies of the Fathers and the Scripture He forbears Reviling Words and deals with him with as much Moderation as his Adversary hath express'd himself with Heat and Passion At the end of these Four Books there is an
Bishop of Parma to be Elected Pope who was acknowledg'd as such by the Bishops and Princes on the other side the Alpes He intending to take Possession of the the Papal Chair by Force sat down with an Army before Rome but was beaten off by the Forces of Godfrey Marquis of Tuscany and of Matilda his Wife who had enter'd into the Interests of Alexander This first attempt proving very unsuccessful he return'd a second time with greater strength and became Master of the Town Leonina and of the Church of S. Peter but he was outed thence also and his Forces put into such a Consternation that he himself had like to have been taken and was forced to throw himself into a Castle from whence he very narrowly made his Escape by giving Mony to those who Besieg'd him Some time after Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne who had the greatest hand in the Administration of the Affairs of Germany ever since the Empress Agnes was remov'd being come into Italy and alledging that the Election of Pope Alexander was invalid because it was carry'd on without the Emperor's Approbation and because he lay under a suspicion of having given Mony for to be Elected It was agreed upon to call a Council at Mantua to adjust this difference Alexander and Cadalous met there with Peter Damien Hildebrand and several other Bishops of Italy Lombardy and Spain Alexander did there very stiffly defend his Election Cadalous had not the face to maintain his pretended Right and so withdrew The former likewise clear'd himself by Oath of the Accusation of Simony which was lay'd to his Charge so that Anno and the Bishops of Lombardy acknowledg'd him alone to be Lawful Pope But the Emperor's Prerogative was preserv'd for the future and Alexander was oblig'd to Pardon Cadalous and to make Guitbert Grand Signior of Parma Chancellor to King Henry and formerly the Popes greatest Enemy Arch-bishop of Ravenna This Council was held in the Year 1064. and put an end to a Schism which would have been the Cause of very great disturbances in the Church of Rome if it had continued as it had begun The year before Alexander had held a Council at Rome consisting of above One hundred The Councils under Alexander II. Bishops wherein he had reviv'd the Decrees of his Predecessors Leo IX and Nicholas II. against those who were guilty of Simony against those who kept Concubines against such of the Laity who seiz'd on the Revenues of the Church against those who Marry'd their Kindred till after the seventh Degree and against the Apostate Clergy and Monks This is only a renewal of the Council held under Nicholas II. In two other Councils held at Rome the year following Alexander Condemn'd those who maintain'd that the Degrees of Consanguinity ought to reach no farther than to Cousin-Germans which he calls the Heresy of the Nicolaitans He likewise Condemn'd those who had maintain'd that one may without being guilty of Simony give Mony to Princes to be instituted into the Revenues of the Church He makes use of Peter Damien to confute these Errors and sent him to Milan to reform the Clergy of that City into France to relieve the Monks of Cluny and to Florence to put an end to the Schism of the Church belonging to that City Whilst Peter Damien was employ'd in Reforming the Church Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome who had the sole Administration of Affairs relating to the Holy See made use of his utmost endeavours to advance the temporal Power thereof With the Assistance of Godfrey Marquiss of Tuscany and the Princess Matilda he repuls'd the Normans of Pozzuolo and oblig'd them to surrender several places He engag'd several Lords of Burgundy and France to bind themselves by Oath to defend the Church of Rome He exhorted William Duke of Normandy to take upon him the Kingdom of England vacant by the Death of King Edward Lastly From the Pontificate of Alexander he began the Contest with King Henry about the Right of Investitures and caus'd him to be cited to Rome upon that Subject We attribute all this to Hildebrand because 't is evident that it was he who Govern'd under the Name of Alexander II. who led a reserv'd and a retir'd Life and spent more of his time at Lucca and Mount Cassin than at Rome However he dy'd in that City April 22. in the Hear 1073. Since this Pope was eleven Years and some Months on the Chair we may very well expect The Letters of Alexander II. a great many Letters written in his Name We have Five and Forty of them compleat and the Fragments of several Acts related by Ives of Chartres and by Gratian His First Letter is directed to the Clergy and Laity of Milan whom he exhorts to lead a Christian Life The Second is directed to Harold King of Norway whom he exhorts to own the Arch-bishop of Breme as Vicar of the Holy See and to submit to him as such He reproves him for that the Bishops of his Kingdom were either not Consecrated or else had given Mony to be Consecrated By the Third directed to the King of Denmark he demands of that Prince the payment of what was due from that Kingdom to the Holy See By the Fourth directed to the Arch-bishop of Dalmatia and Sclavonia he sends him the Pall and gives him some Instructions concerning his Office The Fifth is the Decree of the Council of Rome of which we have already spoken In the Sixth directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims he writes to him against Cadalous congratulates him of the endeavours he us'd for the extirpation of Simony and intrusts him and the Arch-bishop of Sens with the Tryal of the Bishop of Orleans who was Charg'd with Simony and orders him to turn out the Abbot of S. Medard of Soissons Excommunicated long before and to Elect another in his Place This Letter is follow'd by a Decree made at Milan by two Cardinal Legats of the Holy See against the Clergy who were either guilty of Simony or kept Concubines The Seventh Letter is directed to the Bishops of Denmark whom he injoyns to be present at the Synod held by the Bishop of Hamburgh In the Eighth he exhorts William King of England to pay him the Peter-pence which were due to him In the Ninth he grants to Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne a Privilege which he had beg'd of him in the behalf of a Monastery The Tenth is directed to William King of England He exhorts him to take into his Protection the Ecclesiasticks of his Kingdom and advises him to follow Lanfrank's directions to whom he committed the Determination of the Bishop of Chester's Cause and of the Dispute on foot between the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishop of Dorchester In the Eleventh directed to Landulphus he determines that the Man who had Vow'd to take upon him the Monastick Life and had forc'd his Wife to consent to it ought not to be made a Monk till she should give
Hildebrand his Legat Otho and his Adherents were there Condemn'd together with the fourteen Prelates of the Assembly of Quintilineburgh whom they depos'd as being Guilty of Perjury Rebellion and Homicide They excommunicated Herman Eckbert of Saxony and the Lord Welpho prohibited all Christians from holding any Correspondence with them and plac'd other Bishops in the room of those who were of Herman's Party Whilst these things pass'd in Germany Gregory VII not finding himself secure enough in The Death of Gregory VII Rome because the Romans look'd upon him as the cause of that Desolation which they endur'd went to Mount Cassin and from thence retir'd to Salerno where he dy'd May 24th of the Year 1085. Authors do not agree about what were the last Thoughts he had concerning his Difference with Henry Some say that he testified a great deal of regret for what he had done and others on the contrary tell us That he continued fix'd in the same Mind to his very Last and that he said that he dyed in Exile because he had lov'd Justice and hated Iniquity However the Case stood 't is plain that his Death did not put an end to that notorious Quarrel which he had rais'd and which had drawn along with it such dreadful Consequences as were the cause of a world of Mischiefs both to the Church and to the Empire as we shall shew in the sequel after we have done with that which relates to Gregory VII The Emperor was not the only Person with whom Gregory VII was Engag'd He had likewise Contests with the Kings of France and England and his aim was to bring all the The Difference between Gregory VII and Philip I. King of France Crown'd Heads under his subjection and to oblige them to hold their Kingdoms as Fiefs from the Holy See and to govern them at his Discretion Philip I. was then King of France And since the Death of Baldwin who had been Regent of the Kingdom during his Minority he took the Government into his own Hands but he Administred it so remissly that France was full of Disorders and Disturbances The Churches which have always greater Sufferings than other Societies when Justice is not maintain'd in a State were the first who were oppress'd Gregory VII who never slip'd an opportunity of making himself the Judge and Reformer of Princes cast several reproaches upon him for it and threatned to punish severely his unjust proceedings against the Churches The King assur'd him by Alberic that he would reform his Conduct and govern the Churches according to such Rules as his Holiness should prescribe him Gregory who was not satisfied with empty Words required that he would begin to demonstrate the reality of his Promises by permitting that the Arch-deacon of Autun elected Bishop of Mascon after a long vacancy by the Clergy and People and even by the consent of the King should be put into the Possession of that Church without giving any Thing for it To this purpose he wrote to the Bishop of Chalons upon the Seyne and to the Arch-bishop of Lions And at the same time acquaints them that in case the King should refuse to do what he desir'd and would not permit the Churches of France to be supply'd with Bishops without Simony he should be oblig'd to excommunicate all the French Nation if they continu'd in their Alliegance to Philip. He likewise enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Lions to ordain that Arch-deacon Bishop of Mascon what opposition soever he might meet with either from the King or the other Competitor These two Letters are dated December 4th 1073. and are the Thirty fifth and the Thirty sixth of the first Book The Bishops of France would not venture to ordain the Bishop of Mascon whereupon the Pope ordain'd him himself as he sent word to the Arch bishop of Lions by the Seventy sixth Letter of the same Book dated August the 4th 1074. Two days before he had written expressly to King Philip to oblige him to make reparation for the wrong he had done to the Church of Beauvais And had absolv'd those of that City who had abus'd their Bishop See the Seventy fourth and the Seventy fifth Letters of the same Book That same year Gregory VII renew'd his Complaints and his Threatnings against Philip with a great deal more Noise by writing a large Letter to all the Bishops of France wherein after he had given a description of the Disorders of that Kingdom he says that the King whom he ventures to call Tyrant is the Author and Cause of all because his whole Life being one continu'd Debauch he took no care to punish the Crimes whereof he himself gave so bad an Example That he not only converted the Revenues of Churches to Profane and Criminal uses but within a little while ago exacted a very considerable sum of Merchants who were come from all parts to import their Effects into France under the publick Faith He likewise accuses the Bishops of contributing to these disorders either by their Approbation or Connivance He upbraids them for their Remissness and exhorts them to meet and to tell the King plainly of his Faults that he may correct them and regulate the Affairs of his Kingdom and in his Name to declare that if he does not do it he can no longer shelter himself from the Censure of the Holy See That afterwards they should separate themselves from Communion with that Prince and forbear performing Divine Service in all France That if he does still hold out notwithstanding this Punishment he would have the whole World take notice that he would use his utmost endeavours to deprive him of the Kingdom of France This Letter dated September the 10th 1074. is the Fifth of the second Book Some time after he wrote likewise to William Duke of Aquitain against King Philip and pray'd that Duke to do all he could to bring the King to change his Conduct declaring that if he did not reform he would excommunicate him and all the Subjects who paid him any Obedience and that he would lay this Excommunication on S. Peter's Altar in order to reiterate it every day This Letter dated November the 13th of the same year is the Eighteenth of the second Book He continu'd these menaces in the Two and thirtieth Letter of that Book dated December the 8th directed to Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims However it does not appear that Gregory has acted any thing more against the Person of the King of France but he took upon him the sole Jurisdiction over the Bishops and the Ecclesiastical Affairs of that Kingdom and sent thither Hugh Bishop of Dia The Judgments pass'd by Hugh Bishop of Dia. with other Legats who took cognizance of the Life Manners and Elections of the Bishops took upon them the liberty of citing them to the Synods which they call'd of passing Sentence upon them of injoyning them Pennance and even of deposing them in case they would not make their Appearance
next Year at Winchester Lanfranc caus'd divers Canons to be The Council of Winchester in 1076. drawn up against Persons guilty of Simony for the celebration of Provincial Councils the subjection of Clerks to their Bishops and the payment of Tithes concerning the administration of the Sacraments and divers other Points of Discipline among which the following are more especially remarkable viz. That the Altars ought to be made of Stone That the Mass cannot be celebrated with Beer or Water That Divine Service shall not be perform'd in Churches till they be Consecrated by the Bishops That none shall be bury'd in the Churches That the Bells shall not be Rung during the Canon of the Mass And that the Chalices shall not be made of Wax nor Wood. Constitutions were also made about the time of Penance for divers Crimes The Council of London held A. D. 1102. ARch-bishop Lanfranc continu'd to celebrate divers other Councils in England in his Life-time the Canons of which are not as yet come to our Hands but after his Death much time pass'd ere any could be conven'd and St. Anselm his Successour in vain importun'd the Kings of England to that purpose till at last he held a solemn Synod at London The Council of London in 1102. A. D. 1102. the Constitutions of which were transmitted to us by Eadmer The Arch-bishop of York and twelve Bishops of England assisted in this Council and made the following Constitutions By the first they condemn'd Simony and depos'd several Abbots who were convicted of that Crime The Second forbids Bishops to exercise the Functions of Civil Magistrates and enjoyns them to wear Habits suitable to their Profession In the Third it is prohibited to let out Arch-deaconries to Farm or to confer them on any other Persons than Deacons The Fourth revives the Constitutions about Celibacy In the Fifth Clergy-men are forbidden to undertake the Management of secular Affairs or to sit as Judges in Criminal Causes and to drink in Victualling Houses or Places of publick Resort They are also enjoyn'd to wear Habits of one single Colour and to have their Crowns shav'd The Seventh declares That Tithes ought only to be paid to the Churches The Eighth is a Prohibition to build new Chappels without the consent of the Bishops and without raising a sufficient Fund for the Maintenance of the Priest and Church In the Ninth Abbots are prohibited to bear Arms and enjoyn'd to reside in their Monasteries with their Monks The Tenth prohibits that Monks should administer Penance without the consent of their Abbot and that Abbots should impose it on other Persons than those who are under their Tuition In the Eleventh Monks are forbidden to hold Farms to stand as God-fathers to get Churches into their Possession without the consent of the Bishops or to take the Revenues of those that are granted to them without allowing a competent Maintenance for the Priests who serve in them and a sufficient Fund for the keeping them in repair The Twelfth declares the Promises of Marriage made without Witnesses to be Null if it be deny'd by one of the Parties The Thirteenth enjoyns the Cutting of the Hair short so that part of the Ears and the Eyes may be discover'd The Fourteenth prohibits Marriages to the seventh Degree of Consanguinity The Fifteenth forbids to bury the Dead without the Bounds of their Parish unless the accustomed Duties be paid to the Curate and to honour their Memory without the Bishop's Authority In the Sixteenth it is prohibited to make Merchandise of Men by selling them for Slaves as it was often practis'd Lastly Sodomy is forbidden under very severe Penalties and this Case is reserv'd to the Cognizance of the Bishops These Constitutions were confirm'd by the Authority of the See of Rome In the Year 1108. St. Anselm held another Council at London in which he made Ten The Council of London in 1108. very rigid Canons against Priests and Deacons who were marry'd or liv'd incontinently The Councils of Spain The Council of Leon held in the Year 1012. FEW Councils were call'd in Spain in this Century by reason that part of that Kingdom The Council of Leon in 1012. was then under the Dominion of the Moors However King Alphonsus held a notable Assembly at Leon A. D. 1012. in which the Bishops drew up Seven Canons The First imports That Ecclesiastical Affairs shall be first treated of at the opening of the Synods The Second That the Churches shall peaceably enjoy such Revenues as are left them by last Wills and Testaments and that the Clergy-men shall pass Judgment as to their validity The Third That Abbots Abbesses Monks and Nuns shall be subject to the Jurisdiction of their Diocesan Bishop The Fourth ordains That none shall seize on the Church-Revenues The Fifth That the King's Officers shall Prosecute those who have kill'd a Clergy-man The Sixth That after having dispatch'd Ecclesiastical Affairs the Bishops shall proceed to the Examination of those of the Kingdom The Seventh That none shall buy the Estate of a Vassal of the Church and he who has done it shall lose the Mony he gave for the Purchase These Derees are follow'd with Forty others for the advantage of the State some of which nevertheless have reference to the Preservation of Ecclesiastical Revenues The Council of Coyaco held A. D. 1050. SINCE the time of King Alfonsus we do not find that any Ecclesiastical Constitutions were made in Spain till the Reign of Ferdinand I. King of Castille who being desirous The Council of Coyaco in 1050. to revive the ancient Church-Discipline which was for so long time disus'd call'd a Council in the Year 1050. at Coyaco a Castle in the Diocess of Oviedo where the Bishop of that City assisted together with Eight other Bishops of Spain and the following Constitutions were ratify'd by them The First ordains That the Bishops shall govern their Diocesses and perform their Ecclesiastical Functions with their Clerks according to the Order of the Church The Second That the Abbots and Abbesses shall likewise govern their Monasteries according to St. Benedict's Rule and shall be subject to the Bishops and that they shall not admit any Religious Persons of another Monastery without the permission of their Abbot or Abbess The Third That the Churches and Clergy shall be under the Jurisdiction of the Bishops and not under that of Laicks That the Churches shall not be divided but that they shall be supply'd with Priests and Deacons and furnish'd with Service-Books and Ornaments so that there may be no need of Wooden or Earthen Chalices That the Habits of the Priests during the Celebration of the Mass be the Amict the Albe the Cincture the Stole the Chasuble and the Maniple and those of a Deacon the Amict the Albe the Cincture the Stole the Dalmatick and the Maniple That the Altar be intirely made of Stone and consecrated by the Bishop That the Host be altogether of pure Wheat and
the Year 1163. Ibid The Convention at Clarendon in the Year 1164. Ibid S. Thomas repents his having sign'd at the Assembly of Calrendon 126 The Retreat of St. Thomas Ibid The Negotiation of the King of England with the Pope Ibid The Assembly at Northampton against S. Thomas 126 127 The Arch-bishop withdraws into France 127 The Judgment of the Pope in favour of S. Thomas Ibid S. Thomas is sent Legat of the Holy See into England 128 The Negotiation of John of Oxford at Rome Ibid The Negotiation of the Pope's Legat sent into England Ibid An Interview of St. Thomas and the King of England in the Presence of the King of France 130 Other Legats sent into England and their Negotiation 130 The King of England's Son is Crown'd by the Arch-bishop of York 131 The Accommodation between the King of England and S. Thomas Ibid The Return of S. Thomas into England Ibid Fresh Disturbances Ibid The Plot against the Life of S. Thomas and his Death 132 The Canonization of S. Thomas Ibid His Writings Ibid CHAP. XI THE Lives and Writings of the most Eminent Authors who flourished in the Twelfth Century 133 Geofrey Abbot of Vendome 133 Hildebert Bishop of Mans and afterwards Arch-bishop of Tours 136 Guibert Abbot of Nogent 140 Sigibert Monk of Gemblours 144 Honorius Solitarius the School-master of the Church of Autun 145 Ernulphus or Arnulphus Bishop of Rochester 156 St. Bruno and Guigne Priors of the Carthusian Monastery at Grenoble 147 St. Norbert 148 Stephen Hardingue Abbot of Cisteaux 149 Bruno Bishop of Signi Ibid Odo a Benedictine of Asti. ibid Marbodus Bishop of Rennes 150 Arnulphus or Arnold Bishop of Lisieux 151 Peter de Celles Bishop of Chartres 156 Nicholas Monk of S. Albans 157 John of Salisbury Bishop of Chartres 157 Peter of Blois Arch-deacon of Bath 158 Stephen Bishop of Tournay 166 The Authors who have written against the Albigenses and Waldenses 169 Ebrard of Bethuni Ibid Bernard Abbot of Fontcaud 169 Ermengard or Ermengand Ibid CHAP. XII OF the Ecclesiastical Authors of lesser Note who flourish'd in the West during this Century 170 Anselmn Dean of Laon Ibid Gislebert or Gilbert Crispin Abbot of Westminster Ibid Peter Alphonso a Spanish converted Jew Ibid Theobald Clerk of the Church of Etampes Ibid Radulphus or Ralph the Zealous 170 Odo Bishop of Cambray Ibid Gilbert Bishop of Limerick Ibid Franco Abbot of Afflighem Ibid William of Champeaux Bishop of Chalons Ibid Stephen Bishop of Autun Ibid Gautier Bishop of Maguelone Ibid Drogo or Dreux Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 171 Peter the Library-keeper of Mont Cassin Ibid Richard Abbot of Mont-Cassin Ibid Anselmn Bishop of Havelberg Ibid Herveus a Benedictine of Dol Ibid Hugh de Foliet Monk of Corbey 171 Stephen Bishop of Paris Ibid Hugh Arch-bishop of Roan Ibid Hugh Metellus a Regular Canon Ibid Thomas Abbot of Maurigny Ibid Bernard Monk of Cluny Ibid Ulgier Bishop of Angiers Ibid Rodulphus Abbot of S. Tron Ibid Sibert Prior of S. Pantaleon 172 Waselinus Momalius Prior of St. Lawrence of Liege Ibid Amadeus Bishop of Lausana Ibid Potho Monk of Prom 173 Philip Bishop of Tarento Ibid Serlo Monk of Cerisy and afterwards Abbot of Savigny Ibid Gautier of Mauritania Bishop of Laon Ibid Wolbero Abbot of S. Pantaleon Ibid Luke Abbot of S. Corneille near Liege Ibid Bartholomew of Foigny Bishop of Laon Ibid Ralph the Black Monk of S. Germer Ibid S. Aelrede or Athelred Abbot of Reverbi Ibid S. Hildegarda Abbess of Mount S. Robert 174 Thierry Abbot of the Order of St. Benedict Ibid S. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonawe Ibid Ecbert Abbot of S. Florin Ibid Odo a Regular Canon Ibid John of Cornwal Ibid Folmar Provost of Trieffenstein Ibid Gerocus Provost of Reichersperg 174 An Anonymous Dean of Reichersperg Ibid Gilbert Foliot Bishop of London Ibid Philip of Harvenge Abbot of Bonne Esperance Ibid Adam the Scot a Regular Canon Ibid John the Burgundian Magistrate of Pisa 174 Peter of Riga Canon of Rheims Ibid Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims Ibid Robert Paululus Priest of Amiens Ibid Maurice of Sully Bishop of Paris Ibid Gervaise Priest of Chichester 175 Odo Abbot of Bell Ibid Laboromtius a Cardinal Ibid Alulphus Monk of S. Martin at Tournay 175 Baldwin Arch-bishop of Canterbury Ibid Isaac Abbot de l'Etoile Ibid Henry Peter and Garnier Abbots of Clairvaux Ibid Gilbert of Sempringham Ibid Christian Monk of Clairvaux Ibid Gautier of Chatillion Ibid Garnier of St. Victor Ibid Thomas Monk of Cisteaux Ibid Peter Comestor Dean of S. Peter of Troyes 176 Robert of Flamesbury Ibid Bartholomew Bishop of Oxford Ibid Odo of Chirton Ibid Elias of Coxie Abbot of Dunes Ibid John a Monk of Chartreux des Portes Ibid Stephen de Chaulmet Chartreux des Portes Zachariah Bishop of Chrysopolis Ibid CHAP. XIII OF the Authors of the Twelfth Century who have Compos'd any pieces of Ecclesiastical History 177 Authors who have written the Universal History Florentius Bravo Monk of Winchester Ibid Eckard Abbot of Urangen Ibid Hugh Monk of Fleury Ibid Ordericus Vitalis Monk of S. Evrou Ibid Anselm Abbot of Gemblours Ibid Otho Bishop of Frisinghen Ibid Godfrey of Viterba 178 Robert de Torigny Abbot of Mount S. Michael Ibid Otho of S. Blaise Ibid John Brompton Abbot of Jorval Ibid English Historians Henry Arch-Deacon of Huntingdon Ibid William the Little called Guilielmus Neubrigensis Ibid Walter Arch-Deacon of Oxford Ibid John Pyke Ibid Gervais Monk of Canterbury Ibid Geofrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph Ibid Turgot Monk of Durham 179 Simeon of Durham Ibid William of Somerset Monk of Malmsbury Ibid John of Hexam Provost of Hagulstad Ibid Silvester Girald Bishop of S. Davids Ibid Roger of Hoveden Professor at Oxford Ibid Historiographers of the Croisades 179 Peter Teuthbodus Ibid An Anonymous Italian Ibid Robert Monk of St. Remy of Rheims Ibid Baudry Bishop of Dol. Ibid Raymond of Agiles Canon of Pâ—y 180 Albert or Alberic Canon of Aix Ibid Foucher Monk of Chartres 180 Gautier the Chancellor Ibid Two Anonymous Abbreviators of Foucher Ibid William Arch-bishop of Tyre Ibid James of Vitry Cardinal Ibid An Anonymous Author 18â— Oliver of Cologne Ibid Authors of Chronicles and particular Histories Hugh Abbot of Flavigny Ibid Baudry Bishop of Noyon and Terrouane Ibid Leo of Marsi Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Ibid Leo Cardinal Deacon Ibid Hariulsus Monk of S. Riquier Ibid Rainier Monk of S. Lawrence of Liege Ibid Herman Abbot of S. Martin of Tournay Ibid Falcon Magistrate of S. Benevento Ibid Udeschalchus Monk Ibid Alexander Abbot in Sicily Ibid John Monk of Marmoutier 182 Geofrey or Walter of Vinesauf Ibid Odo of Deuil Abbot of S. Corneille at Campagne Ibid Lawrence Monk of Liege Ibid Sugerus Abbot of S. Denys Ibid Adelbert or Albert Abbot of Hildesheim Ibid Teulsus Monk
Right of Investitures By the Tenth he advises Didasus Bishop of Compostella to take care that his Clergy live regularly to hinder forbidden Marriages and not to suffer the Monks to live with the Nuns The Eleventh is the Bull of Canonization of Peter Bishop of Anagnia by which he orders that his Feast should be celebrated on the third of August In the Twelfth directed to Gebehard Bishop of Constance and to Oderick Bishop of Passaw he determines that those who unwillingly converse with Excommunicated persons by necessity or in duty are not liable to Excommunication By the thirteenth he cites the Laity and Clergy of Augsburgh who accus'd their Bishop and By The fourteenth congratulates their being reconcil'd to him By the fifteenth he advises the Clergy and Laity of Arles to Elect another Arch-Bishop in the place of Gibbeline who had been made Patriarch of Jerusalem In the sixteenth he congratulates S. Anselm for his being reconcil'd to the King of England and grants him a Power of absolving those who had opposed the Decrees of the Holy See about the Investitures of Benefices granted by Laicks or who had done Homage to the King for Ecclesiastical Preferments In the Seventeenth he advises Gerard Arch-Bishop of York to submit to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury By the Eighteenth he writes to Baldwin King of Jerusalem to subject all the Churches which shall be conquer'd by him to the Church of Jerusalem as their Metropolitan In the Nineteenth he grants this Privilege to Gibeline Patriarch of Jerusalem In the Twentieth he declares to Bernard Patriarch of Antioch that he did not thereby intend to prejudice his Rights In the Twenty first he orders Uraca the Daughter of the King of Castile to part from Alphonso King of Arragon her Kinsman in the third Degree The Twenty second is the Draught of a Bull which he had thought of making according to the first agreement which he had made with the Emperor Henry V. whereby he enjoyns the Bishops and Abbots of Germany to abandon all the Fiefs and other Estates which they held of the Empire upon Condition that the Emperor should make no pretension to the Estates which had not been bestow'd on the Church by the Emperor The Twenty third is written to John Cardinal Bishop of Frescati to Leo of Verceil and to other Cardinals who were met at Rome to Cancel the Decree of Pope Paschal whereby he had granted the Right of Investiture to the Emperor Henry In the Twenty fourth directed to Guy Arch-Bishop of Vienna he himself cancels this Decree and declares the Concession null and void In the Twenty fifth he advertises the Clergy of Augsburgh that he had interdicted their Bishop five Years ago upon the Complaints that had been preferr'd against him and that since that Bishop never appear'd to clear himself of the Crimes laid to his Charge he thought it not convenient to take off the Interdiction pronounc'd against him In the Twenty sixth he refers this Affair to the Determination of Arnulphus Arch-Bishop of Mentz The Twenty seventh directed to the Chapter of Augsburgh does not at all agree with the two former For he therein excuses the Bishop of Augsburgh and refers his Affair to Guy Bishop of Coire which has made Baronius suppose that it was surreptitious In the Twenty Ninth written to the Patriarch of Antioch he renews the Declaration which he had formerly made that by the Letter which he had written in favour of the Patriarch of Jerusalem he did not pretend to prejudice the Rights of the Church of Antioch He wrote the same thing to Baldwin King of Jerusalem by the Twenty Ninth In the Thirtieth he wrote word to Henry King of England that he would not meddle with the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Canterbury In the Thirty first directed to the same Prince he complains of their having turn'd Turstin Arch-Bishop of York out of his Church without having observ'd any forms of Justice In the Thirty second written to Pontius Abbot of Cluny he orders that in the Communion they should give the Bread and Wine apart which was contrary to the Custom of Cluny where sometimes they dip'd the Host in the Wine However he excepts Infants and Infirm persons In the Thirty third he sent word to Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens that he had Consecrated him who had been Elected Bishop of Paris without prejudicing the Rights of the Church of Sens. By the Thirty fourth directed to Lambert Bishop of Arras he confirms the Disunion which had been made by his Predecessor Urban II. of the Bishoprick of Arras from that of Cambray gives two Arch-Deaconries to the former and orders it should enjoy all the Territories which depended on it formerly By the Thirty fifth he wrote word to the Bishops of the Provinces of Rheims Sens and Tours that he had commission'd them with Lambert Bishop of Arras to give King Philip Absolution in case he would sincerely part with Bertrarda To this Letter is annex'd the Oath which that Prince and Bertrarda took at Paris in the Year 1104. in the presence of those Bishops to have nothing more to do with each other In the Thirty sixth he Commissions Daimbert Arch-Bishop of Sens to try the Difference which was between the Abbot of Vezelay and the Abbot of Flavigny The Thirty seventh is the Bull of the Legation of Gerard Bishop of Angoulême in the Provinces of Bourges Bourdeaux Auche Tours and Bretagne In the Thirty eighth directed to Norigand Bishop of Autun he confirms his Election and orders that he shall freely enjoy all the Revenues of his Church The next written to Stephen Bishop of Autun contains some thing like the former The Six next Letters are directed to Saint Anselm Arch-Bishop of Canterbury In the forty second he answers to several questions which that Arch-Bishop had proposed especially about the Investitures of Churches and he therein determines that a Bishop may receive Ecclesiastical Revenues from the hands of Laicks who bestow them on the Church provided it were within his own Diocess but that he ought not to receive those which are in another Diocess and that Abbots ought not to receive them but from the hands of Bishops That one might not receive a Church from the King as a Recompence of those Ecclesiastical Revenues which he had seiz'd upon That an Ecclesiastick ought not to pay Homage to a Lay Prince That the Sons of Priests may be admitted into Holy Orders That it was better in case of extremity one should receive the Viaticum from the hands of a Married Priest rather than not receive it at all In the forty sixth he wrote word to the Clergy of Terrouane that they ought not to suffer any Marry'd Clergy amongst them The forty seventh is a Privilege granted to the Monastery of St. Sophia near Benevento The forty eighth directed to Richard Arch-Bishop of Narbonne is a confirmation of the Revenues and Privileges appertaining to that Arch-Bishoprick with Prohibitions against making
be excommunicated nor their Territories suspended from Divine Service unless due notice be first given to the King or to his Chief Justice to the end that that which belongs to the Jurisdiction of the King's Court may be tried there and that which ought to be tryed in the Ecclesiastical may be referr'd to it The Eighth That an Appeal may be brought from the Arch-deacon's Court to the Bishop's and from the latter to that of the Arch-bishop and if the Arch-bishop has not done Justice application may be made to the King to the end that the Cause may be decided in the Arch-bishop's Court without liberty to enter an Appeal unless by his Majesty's special allowance The Ninth That in case a Contest arise between a Clerk and a Lay-man about an Estate which one asserts to depend on the Church and the other on a temporal Lordship the Chief Justice shall send for twelve Assistants to examine to what Jurisdiction it ought to be appropriated that if they judge it to belong to the Church the Cause shall be tried in the Ecclesiastical Court but if they find it to belong to the Lay-Fee it shall be referr'd to the cognizance of the Lord of the Mannor The Tenth That if any Person be cited by his Arch-deacon or his Bishop to answer to an Accusation and he refuse to appear he may be suspended but cannot be excommunicated till the Chief Justice of the Place has summon'd him to make his appearance and that if that Judge should neglect to do his Duty the King shall take the matter in Hand The Eleventh does not relate to Ecclesiastical Affairs The Twelfth ordains That the King shall enjoy the Revenues of the Arch-bishopricks Bishopricks Abbeys and Priories during a Vacancy that to fill it up the King shall issue out a Conge d'Elire to the most eminent Men of the Place who shall carry on the Election in his Chappel with the King's Consent and by the Advice of the Lords who shall be conven'd for that purpose and that the Person elected shall do Homage to the King before he be ordain'd The Thirteenth Article imports That the King shall cause Justice to be done to the Bishops and the Bishops to the King The Fourteenth That Cattel seiz'd on for a Trespass shall not be detain'd by the Clergy but put into the Custody of the Officers of the Royal Court The Fifteenth That Courts of Judicature shall be kept by the King's Justices The Sixteenth That the Sons of the Peasants shall not be ordain'd but with the Consent of their Lords These Articles were not sign'd by the Bishops but were acknowledg'd in the Assembly and three Copies of them were taken viz. one for the King the Second for the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the Third for the Arch-bishop of York The Arch-bishop of Canterbury being retir'd his Friends and Domesticks began to murmur Some of them excus'd him in regard that he could not act otherwise by reason of so unhappy The Arch-bishop of Canterbury repents of having sign'd the Articles a Conjuncture of Affairs and others complain'd on the contrary That all the Immunities of the Church of England were ruin'd by that compliance His Cross-bearer who was more bold than the rest presum'd to make a remonstrance to that effect and the Arch-bishop being perswaded that he had done ill was affected with a sensible grief took a resolution to do Pennance and abstain'd from celebrating Divine Service till Pope Alexander III. who then resided at Sens wrote to him not to do it any longer and gave him Absolution for the Offence he might have committed upon condition that he should confess it to a Priest As soon as the King understood that the Arch-bishop repented of what he had done he fell into a strange Passion against him In the mean while Thomas being inform'd thereof retir'd The retreat of Thomas Becket to his Abbey of Alintere situated near the Sea-shore and embark'd twice to pass over into France but the Wind continuing contrary he return'd to Canterbury and presum'd even to present himself before the King by whom he was very ill treated At last that Prince despairing to bring over the Arch-bishop to his Interest made application to the Pope to compass Negotiations between the King and the Pope his Design to which purpose he sent the Bishop of Lisieux and the Arch-deacon of Poitiers to prevail with him to constitute the Arch-bishop of York his Legate in England and to order Thomas and the other Prelates to observe the Customs of his Kingdom The Pope having refus'd to do both the King sent new Deputies to demand the same thing again with greater importunity and to entreat him to confirm the Customs and Privileges of his Kingdom by the authority of the Holy See The Pope absolutely deny'd the latter request but to amuse him he conferr'd the Dignity of Legate on the Arch-bishop of York nevertheless upon condition that he should not have any jurisdiction over the Person or Arch-bishoprick of Thomas and without exempting the Bishops of England from the Obedience they ow'd to their Primate Forasmuch as this Restriction render'd the authority of the Arch-bishop of York useless with respect to the King's design which was to depose Thomas he sent back the Letter to the Pope with indignation The Pope wrote another Letter to divert him from making any further attempts on the Rights of the Churches of his Kingdom but that Prince instead of submitting to his Admonitions caus'd the Arch-bishop of Canterbury to be summon'd to appear in Person before his Majesty to answer to divers Informations that were brought against him Thomas on the other side entreated the King not to take it ill that he stood to the Privileges of his Dignity which exempted him from appearing before Secular Judges The King being much more exasperated by that excuse gave Orders to the Bishops and Temporal Lords of his Kingdom An Assembly at Northampton against Thomas Becket to meet together in his Royal Castle at Northampton and compell'd the Arch-bishop of Canterbury to repair thither in quality of a Criminal rather than of a Judge The First thing done in the Assembly was to pronounce Sentence against him for neglecting to make a personal appearance when he receiv'd a Summons from the King and his Estate Goods and Chattels were Confiscated upon condition nevertheless that the execution of that Sentence should depend on his Majestys pleasure Afterwards he was convey'd into one of the Halls of the Court where he being lock'd in an Account was demanded of him of the Revenues of the vacant Bishopricks and Abbeys that he had enjoy'd for several years when he was Chancellor He reply'd That he would take advice about the matter Henry Bishop of Winchester said that he remember'd that when Thomas Becket was chosen Arch-bishop he had a general Discharge Gilbert Bishop of London propos'd that he should resign his Arch-bishoprick to appease the King's Anger and the
Germany where they assisted in the Assembly of Wurtzburg against Pope Alexander and bound themselves by an Oath with the Bishops of Germany to stand for Paschal the Antipope nevertheless they did not forbear to continue their Journey and to meet Alexander to whom they deliver'd the Letter of their Prince who threaten'd to withdraw himself from his Obedience if he did not give him satisfaction as to the affair of Thomas Becket The Pope to advance a Person whom the King thought fit to depress constituted him Legate Thomas Becket maâ—e Legate of the Holy See in England of the Holy See throughout the whole Kingdom of England except the Province of York Thomas being Invested with this new Dignity thought himself obliged to shâ—w the effects of it Therefore he condemn'd and abolish'd the Customs that were publish'd at Clarendon Excommunicated all those who observ'd e'm or caus'd 'em to be observ'd by others sent word to the Bishops that they were by no means oblig'd to the Oath they had taken and threaten'd the King of England with an Anathema On the other side the King to prevent him appeal'd to the Holy See by the advice of the Prelates of Normandy and dispatch'd John of Oxford to Rome to entreat the Pope to send a Legate a latere into England to the end that they might determine or make up the Business However he threatn'd the Monks of Cisteaux to destroy all the Monasteries that they had in his Dominions if they entertain'd the Arch-bishop any longer at Pontigny Therefore he was forc'd to depart from thence and made choice of the Monastery of St. Columba in the City of Sens for the place of his abode He Excommunicated many Persons of the Kingdom of England and some Bishops more especially the Bishop of London his greatest Enemy In the mean while John of Oxford having gain'd the favour of part of the Court of Rome by his Presents assur'd the Pope That the King of England would no longer inâ—ist upon the John of Oxford's Negotiation at Rome Customs that he caus'd to be receiv'd in the Assembly of Clarendon and procur'd William Cardinal Bishop of Pavia to be nominated Legate to determine the Affair of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury but in regard that he might be surpriz'd by reason of the intimate Correspondence that there was between him and the King of England the Pope appointed Cardinal Otho to be his Collegue He also gave Absolution in particular to John of Oxford whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated granted him the Deanry of Salisbury and Suspended Thomas's Authority till the arrival of his Legates These advantages which it seems the King of England obtain'd at the Court of Rome startled the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and his Friends insomuch that Peter Lombard wrote about it to the Pope as well as Thomas Becket who excepted against the Judgment of the Cardinal of Pavia These two Legates being arriv'd in France inform'd the Arch-bishop of the occasion of their being sent by the Pope and the Cardinal of Pavia told him that he came to put an end to the Difference between him and the King of England Thomas had prepar'd a very sharp Answer but he suppress'd it by the advice of William of Salisbury and wrote to him with greater Moderation The two Legates could not immediately execute their Commission by reason that they were oblig'd to mediate a Peace between the Kings of England and France The Cardinal The Negotiations of the Pope's Legates in England of Pavia openly maintain'd the Interest of the former and gave occasion of complaint to the other nay the Pope upon his sollicitation prohibited Thomas to pronounce any Sentence of Excommunication against the Person of the King of England or of Suspension against his Dominions At last the Legates gave notice to the Arch-bishop to make his appearance on Novemb. 10th A. D. 1168. on the Frontiers of the two Kingdoms but he desir'd and obtain'd a delay for seven days to get together again the Companions of his Exile At last he appear'd with a numerous retinue at Gisors the place appointed for the Conference and there met with the two Legates accompanied by the Arch-bishop of Rouen who represented to him the inflexibility of the King of England and the Calamities that the Church endur'd by the Persecution of which he was the Cause Afterwards they insisted upon the Grandeur and Power of that Prince the Kindness and Respect that he always express'd for the Holy See and the extraordinary Favours that he had Conferr'd on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury They related with exaggeration the complaints that he made against him accusing him of having induc'd the King of France and the Count of Flanders to make War with his Majesty Lastly they exhorted the Arch-bishop to humble himself and to testifie his Obedience to his Sovereign by making a voluntary submission and by suppressing his Anger and the fierceness of his natural Disposition Thomas Becket resolutely made his defence and clear'd himself from the suspicions that the King of England had conceiv'd against him and more especially as to the particular accusation that he had excited the War between that Prince and the King of France who condescended so far as to give Testimony to his Innocence by declarâ—ng upon Oath that it was not true that he sollicited him to undertake that War The Aâ—ch bishop of Canterbuâ—y added that he was well persuaded that a Bishop ought not to have recourse to those sorts of means That he was ready to shew to the King all manner of submission and deference provided that the Glory of God the Honour of the Aposâ—olick See the â—iberty of the Church the Dignity of the Priesthood and the Church-Revenues might receive no detriment They propos'd that he should promise the King to observe all the Customs that were in use in the time of the Arch-bishops his Predecessors or at least that he should tolerate them and conceal his resentments But he would not engage to do either no not so much as to keep silence Then they insisted that he should resign his Archbishoprick in case the King could be prevail'd with to renounce the Customs that were contested but he likewise rejected that Proposal Lastly the Legates asked him whether he were willing to acknowledge them as competent Judges for the deciding of the Differences between him and the King or not He was somewhat perplex'd at this Demand for on the one side he was unwilling openly to disown their Authority and on the other side he did not look upon it as safe that he should be tryed in any other Tribunal but that of the Pope himself Therefore he reply'd That when the Goods and Chattels of which he was depriv'd were restor'd to him he would readily submit to the Judgment of the Pope or to that of any other Persons to whom he should grant a Commission to be his Judges Thus ended this Conference which had no effect Thomas Becket gave
of Exhortations and gentle Admonitions and the other of severe Reprimands and Threats with Orders to deliver the former at first and in case he obstinately persisted in his Resolution to add the second These two Legates conducted the Arch-bishop to the Place appointed for the Interview where the two Kings were Present and admonish'd him to humble himself before his Sovereign He followed their Advice and only insisted that the Glory of God might be secur'd in these Terms Ad honorem Dei King Henry was offended at that Expression and requir'd That the Arch-bishop should promise and bind himself by Oath as a Priest and a Bishop in the presence of the whole Assembly sincerely to observe the Customs that were follow'd by the Reverend Arch-bishops under the Kings his Predecessors which he had also engag'd to do upon another occasion The Arch-bishop promis'd to be faithful to him in every particular as far as it was possible Salvo ordine suo and added That for Peace sake he would engage to observe as far as his Dignity would allow such Customs as were in use amongst his Reverend Predecessors The King peremptorily insisted That he should promise to observe the Customs of his Kingdom without any manner of Restriction but the Arch-bishop would by no means consent to it and upon that refusal his Majesty departed out of the Assembly The Legates having exhorted him to re-admit the Arch-bishop to his Favour and to Restore him to his Church he reply'd That perhaps he might one day be prevail'd upon to do the latter but that he would take care never to make him his Confident During a second interview between the two Princes they presented to King Henry the Pope's menacing Letter but he was not at all concern'd at it and always insisted upon the Promise that the Arch-bishop of Canterbury had made to act conformably to the Customs of the Kingdom which the Arch-bishops his Predecessors had observ'd before him Thomas Becket made Answer That he was ready to obey his Majesty as far as it could be done without infringing the Privileges of his Dignity and thus this Negotiation took no more effect than the others insomuch that the Pope being wearied with the delays of the King of England revok'd the Suspension of the Arch-bishop's Authority and left him at liberty to act as he should think fit Some time after King Henry designing to Crown his eldest Son appointed the Arch-bishop of York to perform that Ceremony but the Pope being inform'd of his Intention prohibited that Arch-bishop and all others under pain of Suspension to make any attempt upon a Right that apparently belong'd to the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket likewise wrote to the Arch-bishop of York and to his Collegues to notifie to them the same Prohibition whereupon the King was so extremely incens'd that he took a resolution to oblige his Subjects to take an Oath That they would not obey the Pope nor the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and caus'd his Son to be actually Crown'd by the Arch-bishop of York at Westminster in a Church belonging to the Jurisdiction of Canterbury The young King in like manner took an Oath to observe the Customs of the Kingdom that were publish'd at Clarendon In the mean while the Pope being press'd by the Remonstrances of the King of France of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and of William Arch-bishop of Sens declar'd the Arch-bishop of York suspended from all manner of Ecclesiastical Functions and pronounc'd the same Sentence against all the Bishops who assisted at that Ceremony He sent word at the same time to Rotrou Arch-bishop of Rouen and to Bertrand Bishop of Nevers to meet the King of England in order to admonish him the last time in his Name to make Peace and in case he refus'd to do it to suspend all his Dominions from Divine Service that were situated on the hither side or beyond the Sea At the same time he dispatch'd a smart Reprimand to the King of England requiring him in the Name of God and by Virtue of the Apostolick Authority to be reconciled with the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and to give Peace to the Church if he design'd to avoid an Anathema like to that which was pronounc'd against the Emperor Frederick insomuch that those urgent Threats oblig'd King Henry to bethink himself seriously of an Accommodation and personally to entreat the Legates to use their utmost endeavours to procure it Whereupon Thomas Becket went to meet the King accompanied with the Arch-bishop of The King of England reconciled to Thomas Becket Sens and his Majesty receiv'd him with such particular Marks of Kindness as he never shew'd him since their falling out The Arch-bishop demanded Justice for the Indignities put upon the Church of Canterbury and more especially for the injury he had lately done him by the Coronation of his Son The King promis'd to give Orders that that Prince should be Crown'd again and then Thomas Becket caus'd Intercession to be made by the Arch-bishop of Sens who began to speak that his Majesty would vouchsafe to restore to him the Church of Canterbury with all the Revenues belonging to it and to do him Justice as to what relates to the Coronation of the Prince his Son he for his part engaging at the same time to yield to his Majesty all the Respect Obedience and Submission that is due from an Arch-bishop to his Sovereign Prince according to the Ordinance of God The King accepted of those Terms and thus the Peace was at last effectually concluded Afterwards the Arch-bishop of Canterbury humbly entreated the King his Master that he might have liberty to take leave of the King of France to return Thanks for the many signal Favours he had receiv'd from him He also continu'd some time longer in France with a design not to pass over into England till he had receiv'd Information that those Persons were actually put in Possession of the Revenues of the Church of Canterbury whom he sent thither for that purpose In the mean while the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishops of London and Salisbury us'd all possible means to break off the Agreement and further to incense King Henry against the Arch-bishop At that time one Renulphus who was the Minister of the Arch-bishop of York's Fury made no difficulty to pillage the Revenues of the Church of Canterbury but neither that Injury nor the Coldness with which the King then treated Thomas Becket were sufficient to divert him from the resolution he had taken to return to England notwithstanding the Advice of his Friends to the contrary and the Threats of his Enemies Therefore he embarked at Calice in the end of the Year 1170. and arriv'd at Sandwich but Thomas Becket ' s return to England before his departure he sent into England the Letter that the Pope had directed to him and which he kept till that time By vertue of that Letter his Holiness suspended the Arch-bishop of York with the
any Thing for the Presentation to a Benefice The Tenth prohibits Religious Persons to follow the Trade of Merchandizing or to be Farmers and likewise Lay-men to take Spiritual Livings to farm By the Eleventh Clergy-men are prohibited to bear Arms. The Twelfth imports That the Vicars who endeavour to retain the Benefices of those who have the Title contrary to their Promise or Engagement shall be no longer suffer'd to exercise their Functions in the same Diocess The Thirteenth ordains That Tithes shall be paid of all Things The Tenor of the Fourteenth is That a Clergy-man who is cast in his Tryal ought to be condemn'd to defray the Charges of it and that if he has not wherewithal to pay he shall be punish'd according to the Bishop's Discretion The Fifteenth ordains That there shall be only Ten particular Prefaces for the Festivals which are specified in that Canon The Sixteenth prohibits the administring of the consecrated Bread in the Communion steept in Wine The Seventeenth forbids the Consecration of the Eucharist any otherwise than in a Gold or Silver-Chalice and abolishes the Use of Tin-Chalices By virtue of the Eighteenth clandestine Marriages are forbidden The Nineteenth is a Prohibition to marry Children who have not attain'd to a competent Age of maturity unless it be in case of Necessity or for the promoting of Peace The Synod of York held in the Year 1195. HUBERT Archbishop of Canterbury and the Pope's Legate in England held at York a Synod The Synod of York in 1195. of the Clergy of that Church in the Month of June A. D. 1195. in which after having depos'd Robert Abbot of St. Mary by reason of his Weakness and continual Distempers he published certain Ordinances relating to Church-Discipline more especially about the Celebration of the Eucharist The First imports That the salutary Host being the most excellent of the Sacraments the Priest ought to use all possible Diligence and Application to the end that it may be consecrated with Humility received with Fear and distributed with Reverence That it is requisite that the Minister of the Altar be sure that he offer Bread and Wine with the Water in the Sacrifice and that he cannot celebrate the Mass unless he have a Minister who is endu'd with some measure of Knowledge That care ought to be taken to keep the Host in a neat Box to renew it every Sunday and to carry it to the Sick in a Clerical Habit and with Discretion The Second enjoyns the Arch-deacons to take care that the Canon of the Mass which he calls Secretum Missae be very correct The Third forbids Priests to oblige Laicks to cause a certain Number of Masses to be said in stead of Penance or to make Bargains for the price of Masses The Fourth contains a Prohibition to require more than Three Persons to stand as Sureties for a Child at the Baptismal Font that is to say Two God-fathers and One God-mother when it is a Boy or Two God-mothers and One God-father if it be a Girl Deacons are likewise forbidden to Baptize except in a Case of very great Extremity or to administer the Eucharist or Penance but Priests are enjoyn'd to go readily whenever they are sent for to baptize Children or to give the Holy Communion to sick Persons The Fifth provides for the keeping of Churches and their Ornaments in good repair and ordains That the Eucharist shall be consecrated in a Silver-Chalice in those Churches that have means to procure one The Sixth imports That the Clergy-men who have receiv'd the Crown from the Hands of the Bishop shall have Tonsure with it but if they neglect to observe this Ordinance they shall be compell'd to do it by the Forfeiture of their Benefices and they who have receiv'd neither by the order of the Arch-deacon or Deans He recommends to Priests the wearing of Habits suitable to their Profession Sy the Seventh it is enjoyn'd That Ecclesiastical Justice shall be administer'd Gratis The Eighth ordains the payment of Tithes without any diminution The Ninth prohibits Monks to take Offices or Licences from their Superiors to farm and to travel or to go our of their Monastery without a just Cause and without a Companion As for the Nuns they are likewise forbidden to go out of their Convents unless accompanied with their Abbess or Prioress The Tenth forbids the letting out of Tithes to farm to Laicks although they were associated with a Clergy-man The Eleventh ordains That the Curates shall publish thrice a Year the Excommunication against Perjur'd Persons with extinguished Candles and shall denounce them excommunicated every Sunday This Case is reserv'd to the Archbishop to the Bishop or to the Grand Penitenciary The Twelfth renews the Prohibitions so often made That Clergy-men should keep unchast Correspondence with Women and regulates the manner of trying those who are accus'd of that Crime The Council of Montpellier held in the Year 1195. M. MICHAEL Legate of the See of Rome passing over to Spain A. D. 1195. upon occasion The Council of Montpellier in 1195. of an inrode which the Saracens had made against the Christians in the Territories of his most Catholick Majesty who was oblig'd to retire to those of the King of France held a Council of the Bishops of the Province of Narbonne at Montpellier in which he reviv'd and published many Decrees of the latter Councils and Popes amongst others some about Peace and Truce against Robbers and Pirates concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and the Prohibition to lay Taxes on Churches against Usurers about the Habits and Manners of the Clergy the Frugality to be observ'd by Bishops in keeping their Tables c. He leaves the Archbishop of Narbonne and his Suffragan Bishops at liberty to denounce Ecclesiastical Censures against the Infringers of these Ordinances or to supersede them accordingly as they shall judge most expedient lest the Hereticks should take an occasion from a general Suspension of long continuance to pervert the Faithful and to corrupt their Principles CHAP. XX. Observations on the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Twelfth Century THE Illustrations that we have inserted in the Body of this Work as to the most important Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Twelfth Century may serve to supersede any farther Pains that might be expected here in making several Remarks on the Doctrine and Discipline of that Age. For as to the original and progress of Scholastick Divinity recourse may be had to what we have said in the XV Chapter As to the manner of explaining the Holy Scriptures it would be requisite to consult the Observations made in Chap. XVI And as to the Reception of Gratian's Decretal only to peruse what has been related in Chap. XVII Neither is it necessary to enlarge on the Heresies and Errors which appear'd in the Church in those Times or on the Doctrines that were established against them since we have already treated of them in particular Chapters Indeed the Affair of the Investitures might supply us
Victor is present and where the Emperor is incens'd against the King by reason that Alexander was not come according as he had engag'd to bring him and having the strongest Party designs to take him Prisoner but the King is deliver'd from this trouble by the Army that the King of England had caus'd to march that way XX. John de Bellemains is ordain'd Bishop of Poitiers Peter Abbot of Celles is translated to the Abbey of St. Remigius at Rheims Geffrey Abbot of Igny succeeds Fastredus in the Abbey of Clairvaux A Conferance at Avignon which was propos'd by the Emperor to put an end to the Schism but was broke off by reason that Pope Alexander refus'd to appear Hugh of Pâ—â—tiers a Monk of Verelay Albert Abbot of Hildesheim John of Heram Provost of Hagulstadt Falstredus Abbot of Claiâ—vaux 1163 IV. XII XXI Henry the Brother of the King of France is translated from the Bishoprick of Beauvais to the Archbishoprick of Rheims John Dean of Orleans is assassinated by a certain Lord from whom he endeavour'd to recover some Goods belonging to the Chapter of Orleans which he had Usurp'd The beginning of the Contests between Henry II. King of England and Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury A Council at Tours held in the Pope's Presence May 28. against the Anti-pope Victor and his Adherents and against the Hereticks of this Age. An Assembly at Westminster in which Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury incurs the Displeasure of the King of England by refusing to observe the Customs of the Kingdom without any Limitation A Council at Sens concerning the Murder of John Dean of the Church of Orleans Arnold Bishop of Lisieuâ— pronounces his Discourse concerning the Unity and Liberty of the Church in the Councâ—l at Tours 1164 V. The Death of the Anti-pope Victor at Lucca His Adherents and Followers proceed to the choice of Guy of Crema who assumes the Name of Paschal III. XIII XXII Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury repents of what he did in the Assembly at Clarendon and abstains from celebrating Divine Service till the Pope who then resided at Sens had given him Absolution for that Offence The King of England sends to the Pope to desire that the Arch-bishop of York may be made Legate of the Holy See in England and that the Customs of this Kingdom may be confirm'd by its Authority and observ'd by the Bishops of England The Pope only grants the Office of Legate to the Archbishop of York with this restriction that the same Legate shou'd have no Jurisdiction over the Person of the Archbishop of Canterbury and that the Bishops shou'd continue to obey him as their Primate Thomas Becket retires to France after the Sessions of the Assembly at Clarendon which requir'd him to resign his Archbishoprick He is very favourably receiv'd by the French King and the Pope who orders him to keep his Station of Archbishop William of Champagne the fourth of the Brothers of Adella Queen of France is chosen Bishop of Chartres after the Death of Robert Maurice de Sully succeeds Peter Lombard in the Bishoprick of Paris Richard of St. Victor is constituted Prior of that Monastery An Assembly at Clarendon held in the Month of January in which Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the other Prelates of England are compell'd to confirm certain Customs of the Kingdom and to oblige themselves by Oath to observe 'em without restriction An Assembly at Northamton against Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Richard of St. Victor Hugh Monk of St. Saviour at Lodeve Laurence a Monk of Liege St Hildegarda Abbess The Death of Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris 1165 VI. Alexander returns to Italy and makes his publick entry into Rome in the Month of November XIV The Nativity of Philip fir-nam'd Augustus King of France XXIII Stephen who was sometime Bishop of Tournay becomes a Regular Canon in the Monastery of St. Everte at Orleans  Philip de Harveng Abbot of Bonne Esperance Alanus Bishop of Auxerre John of Salisbury Arnold Bishop of Lisieux Adamus Scotus Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph The Death of St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw 1166 VII XV. The Emperor Frederick marches into Italy with an Army to put the Anti-pope Paschal in Possession of the See of Rome XXIV Alexis Aristenes Oeoconomus or Steward of the Church of Constantinople cites in the Synod of that City the 37th Canon of the Council in Trullo against Nicephoruâ—s Patriarch of Jerusalem The Deputies of the King of England having assisted at the Assembly of Wurtzburg repair to Rome there to demand satisfaction as to the Affair of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury The Pope returns an Answer to the King their Master with so much Resolution that this Prince is oblig'd to disown what these Deputies had done in the Assembly of Wurtzburg Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury is Constituted Legate of the Holy See in England and in that Character condemns and abrogates the Customs that were Publish'd at Clarendon Excommunicates all those that shou'd observe or cause 'em to be observ'd and threatens the King of England with an Anathema A Synod of Constantinople held by Lucas Chrysobergius Patriarch of that City An Assembly at Wurtzburg held on the Festâ—ival of Whitsuntide in which the Emperor obliges by Oath the greater part of the Lords and Prelats of whom it was compos'd to acknowledge no other Pope but Paschal The Deputies of the King of England who was at variance with Pope Alexander by reason of the Differences between him and Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury take the same Oath Peter of Cellos Gilbert Foliot The Death of St. Aelred Abbot of Reverby 1167 VIII XVI The Emperor defeats the Romans in a Battel makes himself Master of part of the City of Rome and of St. Peter's Church But the Diseases that rage in his Army afterwards oblige him to retire speedily to Lombardy XXV John of Oxford deputed to Rome by the King of England obtains a promise of the Pope that he wou'd send two Legates to determine the Affair of the Archbishop of Canterbury and causes the Authority of the Arch-bishop to be suspended till the arrival of those two Legates Michael Anchialus is advanc'd to the Patriarchal See of Constantinople William of Tyre is made Arch-Deacon of that Church Peter of Blois repairs to Sicily where he 's chosen to be Tutor and afterward Secretary to William II. King of Sicily Geffrey Prior of Vigeois is ordain'd Priest by Giraldus Bishop of Cahors  Hugh of Poitiers Monk of Vezelay compleats his History of the Monastery Michael Anchisalus Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Lucas Chrysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of of Wolbero Abbot of St. Pantaleon at Colen 1168 IX The Italians animated by the Sentence of the Council of Lateran revolt against the Emperor own Pope Alexander and expel the Schismatical Bishops XVII XXVI William of Champagne is translated from the Bishoprick of Chartres to the Archbishoprick of Sens. Thomas
Archbishop of Canterbury refuses to admit as Judges of the Controversy between him and the King of England the Pope's Legates in the Assembly at Gisors and pleads his own Cause so resolutely that it breaks up without concluding any thing He obtains of the Pope sometime after the revocation of those two Legates A Council at Lateran in which Pope Alexander pronounces a Sentence of Deposition against the Emperor Frederick An Assembly at Gisors in the Month of November The Death of Odo de Deuil Abbot of St. Cornelius at Câ—â—peigne 1169 X. Pope Alexander who had retir'd to Benevento returns thence in the end of the Year The Romans refuse to admit him but on condition that he shou'd order the Walls of Frascati to be demolish'd which he had fortify'd The Pope does it accordingly but the Romans having broke their word he causes Frascati to be refortfy'd and returns to Benâ—â—â—ntâ— XVIII The Emperor is defeated by the Milaneses and escapes with much a-do to Germany An Interview between the Kings of England and and France at St. Denis about the Affair of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury where they come to no Agreement The King of England causes his Son Henry to be Crown'd by the Archbishop of York to the prejudice of the Archbishop of Canterbury to whom this Right belonged XXVII The fruitless Negotiations of two other Legates of the See of Rome concerning an accommodation of the Differences between the K. of England and the Arch-bishop of Canterbury The King of England being dissatisfy'd with the proceedings of these two last Legates desires two others to be sent which suit is granted but they have no better success in their Negociation than the former The Pope revokes the Suspension of the Authority of the Archbishop of Canterbury He Suspends the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishops who assisted at the Coronation of the King of England ab Officio c.   1170 XI The Anti-pope Paschal dies His Partisans Substitute John Abbot of Seruma in his place under the Name of Calixtus III. XIX An Interview between the Kings of England and France at St. German en Laye who conclude a Mutual Treaty of Peace XXVIII Manuel Comnenâ—s causes a Proposal to be made to the Pope for the re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches in case he wou'd cause him to be Crown'd Emperor of the West but the Pope replies that the Matter being of too great difficulty he cou'd not grant his request Theorianus is sent to Armenia by the Emperor Manuel Comnenus to endeavour to procure a re-union between that and the Greek Church He finds means to gain the Patriarch of the Armenians The Interview between the the two Kings at St. Germain en Laye where were present the Legates of the Pope and Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury produce no effect as to the reconciliation of this Prelate with his Prince Rotrou Archbishop of Roan and Bernard Bishop of Nevers are sent by the Pope to the King of England with Orders to suspend the whole Kingdom from Divine Service if he refus'd to be reconcil'd to the Archbishop of Canterbury and to restore Peace to the Church This Prince yields to their Remonstrances and even entreats 'em to promote the Accommodation which is at last terminated this Year Theoâ—old the Kinsman of William of Champagne Archbishop of Sens is ordain'd Bishop of Amiens The Archbishop of York and the Bishops of London and Salisbury whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated create him new Troubles in England and he is no sooner arriv'd at Canterbury but he is Assassinated in his Church on the Festival of Christmass Pontius the fifth Abbot of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Clermont in Auvergne The Birth of St. Dominick  Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims writes to the Pope and Cardinals in favour of Dreux or Drogo Chancellor of the Church of Noyon Peter of Poitiers Chancellor of the Church of Paris composes his Book of Sentences Robert of Melun Bishop of Hereford Alexis Aristenes Simeon Logotheta John of Cornwall Gerochus Provost of Reichersperg Peter de Riga Canon of Rheims 1171 XII XX. XXIX The King dispatches an Envoy to Rome to clear himself of the Murder of Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury The Pope sends two Legates to oblige him to make satisfaction to the Church and in the mean while Excommunicates the Murderers The King meekly submits to the Penance impos'd on him by the Legates dis-annuls the Customs publish'd at Clarendon and at last receives Absolution at the Door of the Church Richard succeeds Thomas in the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Assassins of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury come to Rome to get Absolution where the Pope enjoyns 'em to take a Journey to Jerusalem in the Habit of Pilgrims One of 'em perishes by the way and the two others spend the remainder of their Lives in doing Penance being shut up in a place call'd Monte-Nigro   1172 XIII XXI XXX Guarinus or Warinus is constituted the fifth Abbot of St. Victor at Paris Henry II. King of England is absolv'd in the Council of Avranches A Council at Lombez in which the Heretick Oliverius and his Followers call'd Bons Hommes or Good Men are convicted and condemn'd A Council at Cassel in Ireland held in the Month of October A Council at Avranches The Death of Gilbert Abbot of Hoiland 1173 XIV XXII The Young King of England Rebels against his Father who is oblig'd to repair to the Tomb of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury to implore his Assistance XXXI The Canonization of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury  Richard of St. Victor dies March 10. 1174 XV. XXIII XXXII The Canonization of St. Bernard Jan. 18. William Arch Deacon of Tyre is advanced in the Month of May to the Dignity of Arch-bishop of that Church   1175 XVI XXIV The Emperor makes War in Italy XXXIII The Pope approves the Institution of the Order of the Knights of St. James in Spain and of that of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Saviour at Messina Nivelon de Cherisy is made Bishop of Soissons Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph who had quitted his Bishoprick by reason of some Disturbances that happen'd in Wales and had retir'd to King Henry's Court who gave him the Abbey of Abington is sollicited in the Council of London to return to his Bishoprick but upon his refusal other Incumbents are provided both for his Bishoprick and Abbey and he remains destitute of a Benefice Geffrey who was translated from the Abbey of Igni to that of Clairvaux going into Italy is there made Abbot of Fossanova and some Years after of Hautecombe A Council at London held on the Sunday before the Festival of the Ascension in which were present the two Henrys Kings of England Geffrey Abbot of Clairvaux William Arch-bishop of Tyre 1176 XVII XXV The Emperor's Army is entirely defeated by the Milanese Forces and that Prince is oblig'd to send Ambassadors to Pope Alexander to sue for Peace XXXIV The
relief of the Holy Land A Fast appointed by this Pope during five Years on all the Fridays from Advent till Christmass with abstaining from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays Robert de Bar succceeds Peter de Celles in the Bishoprick of Chartres  Theorianus Hugo Etherianus Robertus Paululus Gervase a Priest of Chichester Odo Abbot of Bel. Cardinal Laborant Geffrey Prior of Vigeois Thierry or Theodoric a Monk Joannes Burgundus The Death of Peter de Celles Bishop of Chartres on the 17. day of February 1188 I. After a Vacancy of 20. days CLEMENT III. is Elected in the place of Gregory VIII January 6. XXXVII III. Philip Augustus King of France imposes a Tax in his Kingdom for his Voyage to the Levant which is call'd by the Name of Saladin's Tithes   1189 II. XXXVIII Henry II. King of England dies and Richard his Son succeeds him The Kings of England and France set forward in their Journey to the Holy Land The Queen Mother and her Brother William of Champagne Cardinal Archbishop of Rheims obtain the Government of France during the King's absence William the Good King of Sicily dies without Issue Constance his Aunt the Wife of Henry the Son of the Emperor lays claim to the Succession but Tancred the Natural Brother of the Princess gets possession of the Kingdom IV. William Bishop of Ely and Legate of the See of Rome in England is made Regent of the Kingdom during the absence of King Richard who is about to undertake an Expedition to the Holy Land   1190 III. XXXIX The Death of the Emperor Frederick in the Levant His Son Henry IV. succeeds him The Kings of England and France arrive in the Month of August at Messina and reside there above six Months V.   Neophytus John Bishop of Lydda The Death of Richard Prior of Hagulstadt 1191 I. Clement III. dies April 10. and CELESTIN III. is substituted in his place I. Henry is Crown'd Emperor by Pope Celestin and his Wife Constance Empress Richard K. of England takes possession of the Kingdom of Cyprus carries off a rich Booty from thence and gives this Kingdom to Guy of Lusignan in exchange for that of Jerusalem which Richard hop'd ere long to wrest out of the Hands of the Infidels VI. Evrard d'Avesnes Bishop of Tournay dying Peter Chanter of the Church of Paris is chosen in his place but William Archbishop of Rheims opposes this Election and causes Stephen Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris to be Elected the next Year The taking of the City of Acre by the Christians from the Infidels in the Levant Pope Celestin orders the Bishops of England to Excommunicate all those that shou'd refuse to obey the Bishop of Ely Regent of the Kingdom   1192 II. The Pope Excommunicates the Emperor because he detains Prisoner Richard King of England II. Richard K. of England is taken Prisoner in returning from the Holy Land by Leopold Duke of Austria and deliver'd up to the Emperor Henry who confines him 14 Months During his Imprisonment John his Brother sir-nam'd Without Land gets Possession of the Kingdom of England VII The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches and Kingdom of Scotland The Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio Stephen of Tournay causes his Nephew to be chosen in his place Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris  Baldwin of Devonshire Archbishop of Canterbury dies in the Levant this Year or in the following 1193 III. III. Philip King of France Marries Batilda according to some Authors or Isemburga as others will have it the Sister of Canutus King of Denmark but is Divorced from her some time after under pretence of being too near a kin VIII George Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople  Demetrius Tornicius writes this Year his Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost 1194 IV. IV. Richard K. of England being released out of Prison resumes the Government of his Kingdom IX The Pope appoints the Bishop of Lincoln to take Cognisance of the Misdemeanors and Crimes committed by Geffrey Archbishop of York Michael de Corbeil Dean of the Church of Paris who had been chosen Patriarch of Jerusalem is made Arch-bishop of Sens.  The Death of Joannes Burgundus or John Burguignon Magistrate of Pisa. 1195 V. V. X. Isaacus Angelus is depos'd and ALEXIS ANGELUS is plac'd on the Imperial Throne I. The Pope Constitutes Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and enjoyns the Bishops of this Kingdom to submit to his Authority He grants a Commission to Simon Dean of the Church of York to govern that Church and Summons Geffrey who was Archbishop of it to appear at Rome to clear himself there of the Crimes laid to his Charge A Synod at York held in the Month of June A Council at Montpellier in the Month of December Gauterius a Regular Canon of St. Victor Thierry or Theodoric Abbot Ogerus Abbot of Lucedia and of Mount St. Michael Robert de Torigny Otho de St. Blaise John Brompton Abbot of Jorval Lupus Proâ—â—spatus Alulphus Monk of St. Martin at Tâ—â—nay Isaac Abbot of L'Etoile 1196 VI. VI. The Emperor Henry marches into Italy with a numerous Army and makes himself Master of Sicily which belong'd to his Dominions in right of his Wife He treats the Sicilians so cruelly that this Princess Commiserating their Misfortunes constrains her Husband by force to grant 'em a Peace upon reasonable Terms II. Eustach is ordain'd Bishop of Ely in England in the place of William Odo de Sully succeeds Maurice in the Bishoprick of Paris  Henry Abbot of Clairvaux The Death of Maurice de Sully Bishop of Paris September 3. Gilbert of Sempringham Peter Abbot of Clairvaux Garnerius Abbot of Clairvaux Nicolas a Canon of Liege Sibrandus Abbot of Mariegarde 1197 VII The Pope consents that Frederick the Son of the Emperor Henry shou'd be Crown'd King of Sicily for 1000 Marks of Silver to be paid to him and as many to the Cardinals VII The Death of the Emperor Henry at Messina The Right of Succession to the Empire is disputed between Philip the Brother of Henry and Otho Duke of Saxony III. The Archbishop of Messina going to consult the Pope about the deceas'd Emperor who dy'd Excommunicated cannot obtain a License for the Interring of that Prince in Consecrated Ground but with the consent of Richard King of England and after having restor'd the sum of Money that was exacted for his Ransom Jourdain du Hommel is ordain'd Bishop of Lisieux Under his Government the Building of the Cathedral of Lisieux was finish'd and that Church was much enrich'd by the Liberality of this Bishop  Bertrand Abbot of la Chaise-Dieu Radulphus Tortarius Christina a Monk of Clairvaux Gauterius of Chatillon Thomas a Monk of Chichester Garnerius a Monk of St. Victor The Death of Peter Comestor Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Robert of Flamesbury Bartholomew Bishop of Oxford 1198 VIII Celestin III. dies Jan.
the Ecclesiastical Constitutions In the eighth he order'd the Patriarch of Aquileia to reestablish the Church of Ceneda By the ninth he recommended to the King of Marock the Religious of the Order of the Trinity who imployed one part of their Revenues to buy Pagan Slaves and exchange them for Christians In the tenth he approved of the Order made by the Chapter of Xainte by which the number of their Canons was fixed at forty In the eleventh he declares that a Regular Canon could not leave his Monastry to remove into another without the leave of his Abbot In the twelfth he order'd that no one trouble the Camaldolites for Estates which they have had the possession of for forty years In the thirteenth to the Bishop of Modena he order'd that the Appeal of such as are notorious Criminals should not stop the Judgment of the Ordinary because the remedy of an Appeal was never intended to serve the Criminal but to be a relief to such as were unjustly dealt with In the fourteenth he declar'd that excommunicated Incendiaries ought not to be allowed Christian burial that this is a Case reserved to the Holy See and that if they could not come to Rome no one else could give them Absolution but upon condition of obeying whatsoever the Holy See should order them By the fifteenth and sixteenth he confirms a Judgment which had been given by the Cardinal whom he had appointed Commissary in the Case between the Bishop of Spoletto and the Religious of the Monastry of St. Peter The seventeenth is a Confirmation of the Privileges and Possessions of the Bishoprick of Achoury in Ireland In the eighteenth he commanded the Dean and Chapter of Auranches to proceed to a new Election of a Bishop because he whom they had chosen was not fit and the Election â—esides had not been made in form The nineteenth is a Confirmation of the Privileges of the Abbey of St. Mary of Casanova He settled by the twenty first the Deanery of Magdeburg upon him who had been chosen to it In the following he confirmed the Judgment given by the Archbishop of Lion in favour of the Abbot and Religious of St. Rufus of Valence The twenty third twenty fourth and twenty fifth are written about the Treaty concluded between the King of England and the King of France for which he expressed a great deal of joy In the twenty sixth he discharged the Chapter of Trevisi of answering the demand of a Clergy-man who by virtue of a Mandate required their Provostship The twenty seventh to the Magistrates and People of Trevisi is full of Reprimands and Threatnings for the Exorbitances and Crimes which they were guilty of In the twenty eighth which is written to the King of Arragon about a difficulty which he had proposed to him concerning an Oath which he had made of keeping the Mony of the King his Father which was counterfeited and diminished very much in its weight he determin'd That he ought not to suffer it to be any longer current in his Realm In the twenty ninth he order'd the Punishment of those who had counterfeited his Letters By the thirtieth he appointed Commissioners to examine into the Election of an Abbot The two following are Confirmations of the Privileges of two Monastrys The thirty third is a Letter of the Bishop and Magistrate of Castellane who send their Tribute to the Pope and desire his assistance In the thirty fourth he commanded the Archbishop of Embrun to declare the Bishop of Vâ—… excommunicate for not observing the Suspension which the Holy See had pronounced against him In the thirty fifth he order'd the Bishops of Avignon and Treguier to be no hindrance to the Provost and Canons of Cisteron's opposing the forming of a Church of Templers In the thirty sixth he declar'd That the Order made by the Chapter of Bazas which 〈◊〉 their number of Canons at 18 ought not to be observ'd if the Revenues of that Church wâ—… sufficient to maintain a greater number and he commissioned the Archbishop of Bourdeaux the Bishop of Agen and the Abbot of Sauve Majeur to inform of it and to settle what number of Canons they thought fit therein The thirty seventh is the Judgment of a Process in favour of the Abbot of St. Donatus of Scozula And the next is the Judgment of another Suit in favour of the Abbot of Conches By the thirty ninth he exhorted the Abbot of Lucedia to procure a Peace between those of Placentia and those of Parna The fortieth forty first and forty second are written about the Absolution which he would have given to the Earl of Flanders The forty third and forty fourth are written against the Earl of Nevers who did not observe the Agreement which he had made with the Earl of Flanders In the forty fifth he took Baldwin Earl of Flanders and the Princess Mary his Wife into the Protection of the Holy See By the forty sixth and forty seventh he confirm'd the Judgment which had been given in a Case about a Prebend of Cambray In the forty eighth he determin'd That when one doth not know the motives and circumstances of a Sentence one ought to presume that it was just By the forty ninth he declar'd That a Priest cannot celebrate Divine Office nor administer the Sacrament of Penance nor any other Sacrament in any Diocess without the consent and permission of the Bishop and that a Metropolitan cannot place a Priest in the Diocess of any of his Suffragans without his agreeing to it In the fiftieth he determin'd That though the Marriage between Infidels is dissolved when one of them is converted to the Faith yet it is not the same thing in respect of those who were married while they were Believers when one of them becomes an Heretick or Pagan The fifty first is a Mandate for a Canonship of Orleans in favour of Peter of Corbeil The fifty second is a Commission to the Bishop of Nocera for the reestablishment of a Monastry The fifty third is a Confirmation of the Privileges of the Order of Calatrava In the fifty fourth he wrote to the Chapter of Hildesheim to nominate a new Bishop in the stead of him whom they had who would remove to the Bishoprick of Wirtzburg In the next he committed the Execution of this Decree to the Abbots of Corbic in Saxony and of Herveden and to the Dean of Paderborn In the fifty sixth he determin'd That a Canon Regular of St. Austin who had been made a Knight of the Hospital had done well to return to his former Order because it is not allowable to remove out of a stricter Order into a more remiss as it is out of a remisser into a more strict By the fifty seventh he exhorted the King of England to put the Archbishop of York into possession of the Estate of his Church again of which he had stript him and to give him liberty of performing his Functions The two next are upon
that the Apostolick See which had received all power of Jesus Christ for edification and not for destruction should order so horrid and pernicious a thing to humane kind because this would be a manifest Abuse of its Power that therefore one is so far from being obliged to obey such Commands as these that it is ones duty to oppose them tho they were published by an Angel from Heaven and that it is really an Act of Obedience not to receive them and therefore that the Commissaries of the Holy See could do nothing herein against him In one word he concludes That the Power of the Holy See being given only for edification and not destruction and the things hereby ordered tending manifestly to destruction and not edification it was impossible they should be granted by the Holy See This Letter of Robert's related by Matthew Paris being carried to Rome put the Pope in such a passion that he could not forbear expressing himself in very hard Terms if we may believe the above-mentioned Author who makes him speak thus What a doting old deaf impertinent Fellow is this that daresthus rashly and impudently call my Conduct in question By St. Peter and St. Paul were it not for the respect I have for his Ingenuity I would so utterly confound him that he should become the Talk and Astonishment and Example of all the World and should be lookt upon as a Prodigy Is not his Master the King of England who can with the least sign of Ours cast him into prison and cover him with Shame and Infamy Our Vassal or rather Our Slave But the Cardinals says the same Author represented to him how unfitting it was to act any thing against this Bishop that what he said was true and could not be refuted that he was a true Catholick and a very holy Man that he had more Piety and Religion than the best of them that he was of so exemplary a Life that there was not a Prelate of greater merit than he that all the Churches of England and France could bear witness to this that the truth of his Letter which was already no secret might raise the Court of Rome a great many Enemies that he had the name of a great Philosopher a Man well read in Greek and Latin zealous for the Truth and had professed Divinity and preached it with no small Reputation that his Life was blameless and that he was a Persecutor of Simoniacks Upon these accounts they advised the Pope to let it pass and make as if he had never seen the Letter But another English Historian named Henry of Knighton says that the Bishop was excommunicated But let it be how it will he remained steddy to his opinion and died in it on the 9th of October 1523 giving this Character of it to Master John of St. Giles a Dominican that it was a Heresy and an Opinion contrary to Holy Scripture to think that the Cure of Souls might be entrusted with a Child or that the Vices of the great ones were not openly to be reproved He composed many Discourses in which with a great deal of Liberty he checks the Vices and Disorders of the Clergy and some Letters which Mr. Brown has taken care to have printed in the second Volume of Fasciculus Rerum expetendarum printed at London in 1690. There was likewise printed at London in 1652 a Work of this Author 's about legal Observations He made a Commentary upon the Works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite whereof that which belongs to the Book of mystical Divinity was printed at Strasburg in 1502. He likewise translated into Latin the Testament of the twelve Patriarchs printed at Paris in 1549 and in the Bibliotheca Patrum In the Libraries of England there are many other Works of this Author to be met with among the rest A Treatise about Confession another upon Marriage a Work of the Pastoral Care Constitutions about Penance A Work of Piety with this Title The Moral Eye another with this The Doctrine of the Heart A Book of Meditations A Treatise upon the Articles of Faith Another upon the Precepts of the Decalogue c. Letters and Sermons not to speak of his profane Works as his Abridgment of the Sphere printed at Venice in 1508 and his Commentary upon Aristotle's Analyticks printed likewise at Venice in 1504 1537 and 1552. By what we have said of the Life and Writings of this Author it is plain enough what his Genius and Character was and that he had great Learning and Knowledg joined with an ardent Piety and a Zeal for the heat of it perhaps hardly excusable WILLIAM a Native of Auvergne chosen Bishop of Paris in 1228 died in 1240 is one William of the most considerable Authors of this Age for true Knowledg and solid Parts He has sufficiently shewed them both in his Works by keeping close to that which regards Piety and the Conduct of human Life without running out upon Questions of meer speculation This is the Scope to which his Principles tend and the Design which he proposed to himself in the greatest part of his Works The first of which is a Treatise intituled Of Faith and Laws in which after having shewn that the Knowledg of true Religion is the most excellent of all Knowledg and the most useful he demonstrates Faith to be the Foundation of all Religion which consists in the Belief of those things which God hath revealed to us although they be not evident Then he discovers the Causes of Error and Impiety which are 1. The ignorance of the true extent of human Knowledg 2. The distance of it from the things which we ought to believe 3. The subtilty of those things 4. Their height 5. The folly of Men who would fain by the natural Force of their Parts comprehend that which is incomprehensible 6. The want of Proofs 7. The neglect of begging help and necessary assistance of God Then he distinguishes two sorts of Articles of Faith namely those which he calls Radical and Primitive which are the Belief of William of â—aris the Existence of a God and the Trinity of Persons and those which he calls consequential and derivative which comprehend all the Articles of Christian Faith which God has revealed to his Church Then he passes on to Laws and after having spoken of the Law of Nature he with some largeness treats of the Law and Commandments of God in the Old Testament He refutes by the by the Laws and Religion of Mahomet and sets upon the Opinion of those that hold that any one may be saved in his own Law and his own Religion he stoutly encounters the different sorts of Idolatry and passing on to what concerns the Christian Religion he shows the necessity of a new Law and what the Spirit and Worship therein required is This Treatise is followed by a long Work upon the Virtues in which after having spoken of natural Virtues he shows that they are
he gave Commission to make an exact Inquiry afâ—… Heretâ—cks and to draw up Informations against them And from hence this Tribunal was caâ—… The INQUISITION By degrees the Authority of those Inqusitors increas'd and whereas aâ—… first they only drew up the Process of Hereticks and sollicited the ordinary Judges to Condemn thâ—… they afterwards had the Power granted them of Trying the Crime of Heresy conjunctly with the 〈◊〉 sâ—ops The Emperor Frederick II. approv'd of this Tribunal took the Inquisitors into his Protectiâ—… and attributed to the Ecclesiasticks the taking Cognizance of the Crime of Heresy leaving only 〈◊〉 the Secular Judges the Power of inflicting the Punishment of Death on those who were Condemnâ—… This Tribunal of the INQUISITION was at first set up at Toulouse and in the other Cities 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 where the Hersy of the Albigenses and Waldenses had the deepest Rooting The Poâ—… likewise set it up in Italy from whence it pass'd a long time after into Spain but it was banish'd Fraâ—… and could never be introduc'd into Germany As to the Rash Divines who advanc'd Errors contrary to Sound Doctrine no more proper Meâ—… The Oâ—igâ—nal 〈◊〉 Censures could 〈◊〉 found out to put a stop to their Progress than to cause them to be Censur'd by other 〈◊〉 vines to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 them to be Retracted by those who had Advanc'd them and to hinder them frâ—…â—eing â—aught the Schools This was the Original of the Censures of the Faculties which begaâ—… 〈◊〉 in use in thâ—t Century but became very frequent in the succeeding Centuries The Academies or Universities which were already Establish'd in this Century were reduc'd to The History of the University of Paris a Form and there were several newly Establish'd Among the rest that of Paris which had began to be Form'd in the fore-going Century became Powerful and Famous upon the Account of the great number of Scholars who flock'd thither from all Parts and of the Masters with which it furnish'd all Europe In its first rise it was compos'd of Artists who Taught the Sciences and Philosophy and of Divines who made Commentaries on Peter Lombard's Book of Sentences and Explain'd the Holy Scriptures There is mention only made of these two Faculties in the Constitutions made in the Year 1215 by the Cardinal of Saint Stephen Legate of Innocent III. and in the Act of Donation made to the Jacobines in the Year 1217. Those Monks and the Franciscan Friars were soon after join'd to the Secular Divines and afterwards the Bernardines The Faculties of Law and Physick were a short time after made Part of the University There is mention made of that of the Law in the Reform of the University by Gregory IX and of all Four in the Letter which the University Wrote in the Year 1253 to all the Prelates of the Kingdom against the Jacobines wherein it compares the Four Faculties to the Four Rivers of the Garden of Eden At first the University was Compos'd only of Scholars and Masters and there were no particular Ceremonies us'd for the acquiring of that Degree The time which they had spent in their Studies and their Capacity alone conferr'd it on them Afterwards they distinguish'd several Degrees and fix'd the time they ought to Study or Learn to acquire them Gregory IX seems to be the first who distinguish'd the Degrees of Batchelor Licentiate and Master or Doctor They were the Batchelors who Taught Publickly They began by Reading and Explaining the Holy Scriptures and afterwards Compos'd Treatises on the Master of the Sentences The former were call'd Biblici and the latter Sententiarij They bore the Name of Bacillarij or Bacaâ—â—rij à Bacillà either because they were admitted by giving them a little Wand or because they so call'd the Novices of the Militia who Exercis'd with Sticks in order to Learn to Fight with Arms. The Bachelors were often exercis'd in Disputes of which the Masters and Doctors were Moderators This was the Original of School-Acts When they had compleated the time prescrib'd for their Studies and their Courses they were Licentiated by the Chancellor of the Church of Paris and were afterwards Admitted Masters or Doctors The Chancellor of Genevieve pretended likewise to the â—ame Right and enjoy'd it for some time but these Chancellors could only give Degrees to such as had went through the Course of their Studies in the Faculties and pass'd the usual Examinations So that John of Orleans Chancellor of Paris in the Year 1271 having attempted by Virtue of his own Authority to give a Doctor of Divinity 's Cap to Ferdinand the King of Arragon's Son tho' his Quality might have seem'd to have a Privilege of Dispensing with the usual Laws yet the University oppos'd it and depriv'd the Chancellor of the Right of Licentiating and Nominated another in his â—…ead This was the cause of a Tryal between the University and the Church of Paris which did last till the Death of the Chancellor When the Chancellors would have exacted Duties for granting of Licenses they were hindred from it by several Orders The first Divinity-Schools were in the Cloyster of Notre-dame at Saint Genevieve and at Saint Victor Afterwards there were more in several other Places and several Colleges were Founded where they held Publick Lectures In the time of William of Saint Amour about the middle of this Century there were Twelve Divinity-Professorships Three in the Cloyster of Notre-dame Seven among the Secular Doctors and Two of the Dominicans The other Monks increas'd the Number of them The Sciences and Philosophy were Taught in several Schools by Masters the Head of those Masters is call'd in the Edict of King Philip the Fair of 1200 Capital Scholarium and afterwards had the Quality of Rector of the University The Scholars and Masters were divided into Four Classes who had their Proctors or Syndicks The Authority of the Popes was as great in this Century as the last The difference of the Princes The Authority of the Popes of Germany in the Election of the Emperor gave them an opportunity of maintaining their Right over the Empire and of strengthning their Temporal Power in Italy The Collection and Publication of the Decretals gave the last Blow towards the entire Ruin of the Ancient Law and the Establishing the absolute and unlimited Power of the Pope and were the cause of a world of Processes which were brought before the Court of Rome The Election of Bishops belong'd to the Chapters and those of Abbots or Abbesses to the Societies Of Elections and Collations of Benefices in Italy France England and Germany The Prebends of Cathedrals were likewise bestowed by the Election of the Chapter sometimes by the Bishop and sometimes by both But the Popes made use of several methods to get to themselves the Disposal of Benefices as Favours in Expectance as Reserves Process upon Elections Compromising between the Contending Parties and lastly by the Right of Lapsing This Right was establish'd to supply the
other Questions printed at Lyons in 1497. and in 1518. A Commentary also upon the Proverbs of Solomon is attributed to him printed at Paris in 1515. but it belongs rather to Thomas Gualensis There are some other Works of Holkot's in MS. in the Libraries at Cambridge as his Quodlibetical Questions in Pembroke-Hall Sermons and Allegories in Peter-House RICHARD HAMPOLE Born in Yorkshire in England an Augustine Monk died Sept. 29. 1349. Richard Hampole has Composed several Treatises of Piety Some of them were printed at Cologne and are extant in the 26th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum A Treatise of the Amendment of a Sinner An Explication of the Lord's Prayer Another of the Apostles and Athanasius's Creed The Praise of the Name of Jesus A Treatise of the Embraces of the Love of God An Exposition upon these words of the Canticles of Solomon The Daughters will love thee affectionately in which he also treats of the Love of God These Treatises are full of the Spirit and very affecting He also Composed several other Spiritual Commentaries upon the Holy Scripture as the Psalms Job Lamentations of Jeremiah A Treatise Intituled The Sting of Conscience Scala Mundi A Book of the Contempt of the World The Commendation of Chastity and some other Treatises which are found in the Libraries of England as the Cotton Archbishop of Canterbury's at Lambeth and Bodleian JOANNES HONSEMIUS or HOXEMIUS a Dutchmâ—n 〈◊〉 Canon of the Church of Leige made a Joannes Honsemius Continuation of the History of the Bishops of Leige composed by Aegidius Aureae Vallis from 1247. to 1348. It is printed in the Collection of Historians upon the same Subject put out by Joannes Chapeavillus and printed at Leige in 1613. GERARDUS ODONIS a Native of Rovergne in France a Grey-Friar was chosen General of Gerardus Odonis that Order in 1329. in the place of Michael de Caesena and after preferred to the Dignity of Archbishop of Antioch by John XXII he died at Catana in 1349. He Composed a Comment upon the Ten Books of Aristotle's Morals printed at Venice in 1500. The Office of the Marks of S. Francis is attributed to him There is in the Covent of Cordeliers at Mirepoix in Languedoc a MS. Treatise of the Figures of the Bible which bears his Name and in the Vatican Library a Comment upon the Books of the Sentences Two Philosophical Questions and some Commentaries upon several Books of Scripture as Waddingus testifies in his Biblioth Frat. Min. p. 145. JACOBUS FOLQUIER an Hermite of S. Austin a Doctor and Reader of Divinity at Tholouse Jacobus Folquier dedicated in 1345. to Clement VI. a Work Intituled Viridarium Gregorianum or Allegories upon all the Books of Scripture which are found in MS. in the Library of the Great Augustines at Paris BERNARDUS Abbot of Mont-Cassin who flourished about 1347. Composed a Book Intituled Bernard The Mirrour of the Monks of the Order of S. Benedict printed at Paris in 1507. A Commentary upon the Rule of S. Benedict which is found in MS. in some Libraries Trithemius also mentions a Book of Regular Precepts and Sermons for his Monks THOMAS BRADWARDIN an Englishman of the Order of Grey-Friars Chancellor of the University Thomas Bradwardin of Oxford Confessor to Edward III. was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in 1348. by a Chapter of that Church two several times for the King of England and the Pope having preferred John Ufford the first time before him he was not consecrated but this last dying a little time after he was chosen a Second time and his Election being confirmed by the Pope and approved by the King he was consecrated at Avignon by Cardinal Bertrandus but he died within Forty Days after his Ordination and before he had taken Possession of his Archbishoprick This Author Sirnamed the Profound Doctor Coomposed a large Work Intituled The Cause of God and the truth of Causes against Pelagius published by Sir H. Savil and printed at London in 1618. in which he strongly maintains the Principles of S. Austin and S. Thomas concerning the Operation and Power of God over the Actions of his Creatures Some attribute to him also a Treatise of Geometry and Arithmetick viz. a Treatise of Proportions printed at Venice in 1505. A Treatise of Speculative Arithmetick printed at Paris in 1502. and a Treatise of Geometry printed at Paris in 1512. and 1530. Bradwardin in his Work De Caussâ Dei c. does not only treat of Liberty and Predestination but also of the Existence of God his Perfections Eternity Immutability Immensity and other Attributes particularly his Knowledge Power and Will He shews that God preserves all Beings that he hath Created That he doth all things immediately that are done by his Creatures That his Will is effectual invincible and immutable That all that he Wills infallibly comes to pass That the things which he knows are not the cause of his Knowledge but his Will He explains in what sense God Wills or Wills not Sin He proves the Necessity of Grace against Pelagius and shews that it is gratis given and that Man deserves not the first Grace That it is the immediate Cause of all good Actions and principally of Repentance He holds Predestination to be gratuitous and rejects the middle Knowledge These are the Chief Points he treats of in his First Book His Second Book is upon Free Will He affirms That it consists not in being able to Will or not Will the same thing but in a Power of Willing freely all that we ought to choose and willing all that we ought not to choose He shews that no Second Cause can necessitate the Will but that the free Will cannot conquer Temptations without the special Assistance of God which is nothing else but his invincible Will That without this help no Man can avoid Sin That Perseverance is the Effect of Grace Lastly He explains the Co-operation of Man's Will with God's He affirms That God hinders not Liberty though he causes a kind of Necessity He treats of several Kinds of Necessity and Contingence and recites several Opinions of Philosophers and Divines about the Contingency of things which he numbers as far as 33. and concludes that all future things happen by one kind of Necessity with relation to Superior Causes which agrees nevertheless with Liberty but that is not Absolute Natural violent or forced He concludes his Works with a brief Recital of the Errors which he hath opposed and the Truths he hath established which he hath reduced to 36 Propositions ALBERICUS de ROSATE or ROXIATI Born in Bergamo a Lawyer flourished about 1350. He hath Composed a Commentary upon the Sixth Book of the Decretals printed in the Collection Albericus de Rosate of the Treatises of Famous Lawyers made at Venice in 1584. A Dictionary of the Civil and Canon Law printed at Venice in 1573. and 1601. and some other Treatises of Civil Law PETRUS de PATERNIS an Hermit of the
of his Diocess 92 Will Its Liberty according to Bradwardin Wills See Testaments William Cardinal Bishop of S. Sabina Constitutions made by him in a Council 100 101 William de Aigrefeuille Cardinal Present at the Election of Urban VI. 33. How he appeas'd the Romans who were for an Italian Pope 34 William de Brye Arch-Bishop of Rheims The Rules he Publish'd in his Councils 105 William de Flavacourt Arch-Bishop of Ausche The Constitutions he Publish'd in his Councils 103 104 105 William de Melun Arch-Bishop oâ— Sens The Constitutions he made in his Councils 107 William de Nogaret The Effect of his first Embassy to Pope Boniface 4. His Accusations of that Pope 7. His Prosecution of Boniface VIII 9 10 11. He is Excommunicated by Benedict XI 10. His endeavours to get Absolution ibid. 11 12. Peter de Nogaret Employ'd in the business of of the Templars 13. â—is Accusations against them 16 William d' Orillac Bishop of Paris Condemns the Doctrine of John of Paris the Dominican concerning the Eucharist William de Plessis His Accusarion against Pope Boniface VIII 8. Sent Ambassador to Benedict XI 10 Women Christian Women forbidden to Marry with Infidels 94 Works An Heresy concerning Original Sin and the Merit of Good Works Condemn'd 32 Y YEar Order'd to begin at the Festival of Christmass 95 Year of Grace What it is 95. To whom the Revenues of that Year â—annot be Bequeathed Ibid. FINIS A NEW Ecclesiastical History Containing an ACCOUNT of the CONTROVERSIES IN RELIGION THE LIVES and WRITINGS OF Ecclesiastical Authors AN Abridgment of their Works And a JUDGMENT on their STYLE and DOCTRINE ALSO A Compendious HISTORY of the COUNCILS AND All Affairs Transacted in the Church Written in FRENCH By Lewis Ellies du PIN Doctor of the SORBON VOLUME the THIRTEENTH Containing the HISTORY of the FIFTEENTH CENTURY LONDON Printed by H. Clark for TIM CHILDE at the White Hart in St. Paul's Church-Yard M DC XCIX PREFACE THE Fifteenth Century of the Church is full of great Transactions which deserve a very particular Consideration The Schism of the Popes which appear'd at the beginning of it was for many Years the great Care and Business of the Prelats and Christian Princes of the West After this the Difference between the Council of Basil and Pope Eugenius IV. and thâ— Project of the Reunion of the Greeks to the Latin Church werâ— the great Concerns of the whole World but the former haâ— not those mischievous Consequences which were fear'd nor thâ— latter that Success which was hop'd for Some time before thiâ— Century there arose a * Allowance must be made for the Author's Opinion Heresie in England which hath sincâ— produc'd great Revolutions in Europe for it travell'd from England into Germany and there kindled great Commotions botâ— in Church and State Among many bad Effects it produc'â— these two good ones it put Men upon the study of useful Learâ—ing and chiefly upon searching into the Holy Scripture anâ— Tradition and it oblig'd the Prelats to labour after the Râ—formation of the Manners of Christians and of the Ecclesiastcal Discipline The Faculty of Theology at Paris was conâ—derable in this Century not only for the great Men which can out of its Bosom but for the Care it took to proscribe the Erors which appear'd and to maintain the Purity of Faith aâ— Manners by its excellent Censures which are as full of Wisdoâ— and Prudence as of Knowledge and Learning This is one the most delicate and curious Morsels of the History of tâ— Fifteenth Century which therefore we have handled with grâ— Care by relating exactly what we find of it in our Registe I add no more but that I desire of the publick the same Fvour for this Work as for the former A TABLE of the CONTENTS CHAP. I. An History of the Councils of Pisa Perpignan and Udine and of the Popes until the Council of Constance Page 1 Councils appointed about the Schism ibid. The Council of Perpignan under Benedict XIII ibid. Preparatives for the Council of Pisa 2 The Council of Pisa from p. 3 to p. 6 The Election of Alexander V. 6 The Council of Aquileia under Gregory XII 7 The Flight of Gregory into the Kingdom of Naples 8 Alexander V. ibid. The Election of John XXIII 9 A War between Laodislaus and John XXIII ibid. John XXIII driven from Rome ibid. The Designs of John XXIII rejected in France ibid. Chap. II. An History of the Council of Constance and of the Schism of the Popes until the Election of Martin V. 10 The appointing of the Council of Constance ibid. The opening of the Council of Constance 11 John XXIII his Renunciation of the Papal Dignity 12 The Flight of John XXIII 13 The Council of Constance 14 to 17 A Defence of the Council of Constance concerning the Authority of a Council 15 The Deposition of John XXIII 17 The Renunciation of Gregory XII 18 The Agreement between Sigismund and the King of Arragon about Benedict XIII 19 The Deposition of Benedict XIII 20 The Contests about Annates 21 The Election of Martin V. 23 The Regulation made in France about the Discipline of the Church ibid. The End of the Council of Constance ibid. The Sequel of the Council 24 The Obstinacy of Benedict XIII ibid. The Death of Benedict ibid. The Election of Clement VII ibid. The Renunciation of Clement VII and the end of the Schism 25 CHAP. III. The History of the Councils of Basil and Florence of the Differences between the Fathers of Basil and Eugenius of the Election of Felix of the Union of the Greeks and the Extinction of the Schism of the Popes under Nicholas V. Martin V. Enters Rome 25 The Negotiation of Martin V. with the Greeks to obtain an Union ibid The opening of the Council at Pavia and its Translation to Siena 26. The Council begun at Siena 27 The Dissolution of the Council at Siena and the Appointment of that of Basil ibid. New Negotiations with the Greeks ibid. The Opening of the Council of Basil 28 The Council of Basil 29 30 The Decree of Eugenius for dissolving the Council rejected 29 The State of the Pope's Affairs in Italy 30 The Approbation of the Council of Basil by Eugenius 31 The Council of Basil continued ibid. The Negotiations of the Council with the Greeks ibid. The Council of Basil continued 32 The Negotiation of the Popes with the Greeks 33 The departure of the Greeks for the West 35 The Council of Basil continued ibid. The Appointing and Opening of the Council of Ferrara ibid. The Council of Basil continued 36 The Pope arrives at the Council of Ferrara ibid. The Council of Basil continued ibid. The Arrival of the Greeks 37 The Opening of the Council of Ferrara ibid. The Conferences of the Greeks with the Latins at Ferrara about Purgatory ibid. Other Conferences of the same Persons about the Addition to the Creed 38 The Translation of the Council from Ferrara to Florence 40 The
the Council from Florence to Rome by the Bull of Eugenius dated May the 3d. An Assembly at Frankfurt for the holding a New General Council Flavius Blondus John Ernest. Henry of Werlis Andrew of Utreckt Flourish'd Leonard Aretin died the 9th of March aged 74 Years The Death of Gerard of Stredam Augustine of Rome died in this Year or rather in 1445. 1443 XIII IV. XXI 1443. A Letter of the Eastern Patriarchs against Metrophanes Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Metrophanes on the 1st of August Gregory the Protosyncelle chosen in his room A Council at Jerusalem against Metrophanes the Patriarch of Constantinople held in the Month of April A Translation of the Council of Basil to Lausane by the Decree of May the 16th An Assembly at Nuremberg held about the Feast of St. Martin for the Peace of the Church  1444 XIV V. XXII 1444. Decrees of the Pope Eugenius for the Syrians Caldeans Nestorians Maronites and other Sects in the East  The Birth of Aelius Anthony le Brixa or Nebrissensis St. Bernardin of Siena died the 20th of May. The Death of Julian Caesâ—in a Cardinal 1445 XV. VI. XXIII The Death of the Emperor John Manuel Palaeologus on the 31st of October His Son Constantine succeeded him 1445. The Council of Roan The Death of John Tudeschus who was call'd Panormitanus 1446 XVI VII I. 1446.  St. Antonine is made Archbishop of Naples in the Month of February Albert of Sarciano wrote his Treatise about the Rebukes that were due to Insolent Men. Nicolas Cusanus was nominated Cardinal December 20th Bartholomew a Carthusian died the 12th of July The Death of William Lyndwood 1447 The Death of Eugenius IV. Febr. the 23d Nicolas V. is chosen in his room on the 6th of March. VIII II. 1447.   1448 II. IX III. 1448. The Council of Anger 's Gerard Machel died the 17th of July 1449 III. Felix Renounced the Papal Dignity and so put an end to the Schism X. IV. 1449.  Matthew Palmier finish'd his Chronicle John of Stavelo finish'd his Chronicle and died 1450 IV. XI V. 1450.  John of Turrecremata is promoted to the Bishoprick of Ozenle in Gallicia which he quitted for that of Albano in Italy Laurence Justinian is advanc'd to the Dignity of Patriarch of Aquileia John Capgrave John Canales Flourish'd The Death of Albert of Sarciano 1451 V. XII VI. Amirath the Emperor of the Turks dies in the Month of February and his Son Mahomet II. succeeded him 1451. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against two Propositions contrary to the Rights of Parish-Priests advanc'd at Roan by John Bartholomew of the Order of Friars Minors  John of Hagen or of Indagine James of Clusa of Paradise or Junterbuck Flourish'd 1452 VI. XIII VII 1452.  Henry Kaltesein is made Archbishop of Nidrosia or Dront in Norway and of Caesarea The Death of Peter of Jeremy 1453 VII XIV VIII The Taking of the City of Constantinople by the Turks under the Command of Mahomet II on the 29th of May. The Emperor Constantine was kill'd in it and the Empire of the Greeks at Constantinople ended in his Person 1453. The Pope imposes Tenths upon the Clergy for a War against the Turks   1454 VIII XV. John II. King of Castile died the 10th of July Henry IV. his Son succeeded him  1454.  The Death of Alphonsus Tostatus 1455 The Death of Nicolas V. on the 25th of March. Callistus III. is chosen in his room on the 8th of April XVI  1455. The beginning of the Contest between Sigismund Duke of Austria and the Cardinal of Cusa about the execution of the Cardinals Jurisdiction in his Bishoprick of Brixen The Duke is cited by the Pope  Laurence Justinian dies on the 8th of January The Death of John of Anagnia 1456 II.  XVII 1456. An Appeal made by the University of Paris from a Bull of Pope Nicolas V. against the Rights of Parish-Priests in favour of the Regulars Mendicants who are Expell'd the University A Revocation of that Bull by Calistus III. The Council of Soissons St. John Capistran dies the 3d of October aged 71 Years 1457 III.  XVIII 1457. The Regulars Mendicants renounce the Bull and are at last restor'd to the University The Pope imposes Tenths for a War against the Turks   1458 The Death of Callistus III. on the 6th of August Pius II. is chosen on the 19th of the same Month. I.  XIX Alphonsus King of Arragon dies at Naples on the 27th of June John his Brother succeeds him 1458. Pope Pius renews the Censures of his Predecessor against the Duke of Austria who appeals from him to a Council and Gregory of Heimburg draws up the Act of Appeal  Alphonsus Spina writes his Treatise entituled The Fortress of Faith The Death of Dominic Capranica The Death of Maphaus Vegius 1459 II.  XX. 1459. The Imposition of Tenths for a War against the Turks which Germany would not endure The Duke of Austria takes the Cardinal of Cusa Prisoner who could not obtain his Liberty without paying a great Ransom  St. Antonin finishes his Historical Sum and dies the 2d of May aged 70 Years The Death of John Baptista Poggio 1460 III. XXI Henry VI. K. of England is Conquer'd by Richard Duke of York who causes himself to be declar'd King This latter was overcome and slain by Queen Margaret the Daughter of Renatus Duke of Anjou 1460. Bulls of Excommunication by the Pope dated August the 2d against the Duke of Austria and his Adherents Another Bull of Excommunication of October 18th against Gregory of Heimburg who wrote Notes upon it and made a Reproachful Appeal against this Bull.   VVilliam of Vorilong Nicolas of Orbellis Gregory of Heimburg Theodore Laelius Henry Gorcome or Goricheme John Gobelin Henry Arnold Matthew Camaride George Codinus VVilliam Houpelande Flourish'd 1461 IV. XXII Charles VII K. of France dies on the 22d of July in the 30th Year of his Reign and Louis XI his Son succeeds him Edward IX Son of Richard drove away Henry VI. and Margaret his Wife and is declar'd King of England in the Month of June 1461   James Picolomini is made Cardinal Denis Rickel a Carthusian John of Grinstrode John Canneman John of Malines John of Nivelle James Zenus Flourish'd 1462 V. XXIII 1462.   The Birth of John Trithemeus on the 1st of February Ducas a Greek Author finish'd his Byzantine History 1463 VI. XXIV 1463.   St. Katharine of Bologne died the 9th of March and Flavius Blondus the 4th of June Leonicus Calchondylus finish'd his History of the Turks The Birth of John Picus of Mirandula 1464 Pius II. dies on the 14th of August Paul II. is chosen the 1st of September I. XXV  1464. The Institution of the Order of the Knights of the Moon by Renatus Duke of Anjou  John of Turrecremata exchang'd his Bishoprick of Albano
for that of Sabina John Busche finished his Chronicle of VVindesem Nicolas of Cusa and John Capgrave die August 12th The Death of VVilliam of Vorilong and Theodore Laelius 1465 II. XXVI  1465. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions maintain'd in the Schools in Fouara Street  John Beetz John Soreth Alanus de la Roche Flourish'd Laurence Valla died aged 50 Years and James of Clusa aged 80 Years Henry Kalteisen died on the 3d of October 1466 III. XXVII  1466.   1467 IV. XXVIII  1467. The Institution of the Order of Minims by St. Francis of Paule  The Death of Anthony of Rosellis John of Turrecremata died the 28th of September James Perez was made Bishop of Chrysopolis on the 1st of October 1468 V. XXIX  1468.   1469 VI. XXX  1469. The Institution of the Order of St. Michael by Lewis XI  Roderick Sance of Areval finish'd his History of Spain 1470 VII XXXI  1470. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition of John Meamer about Ecclesiastical Power A Conclusion of the same Faculty about the Truth of some Propositions of the Creed  Henry Harphius or of Herp Gabriel Barlette John Baptista Platina Alexander of Imola John of Lutrie Laurence Cabaneus Dominic of Dominici Louis Dona. Conrad de Rodemberg Stephen of Caiete George Melitoris Tilman of Ravensburg John Wessel or of VVessales VVilliam Forleon Ambrose Coriolan Benedict Stendel of Halles Sifroy Bishop of Cyrene Godeschalcus of Meschede Flourish'd 1471 Paul II. dies on the 25th of July Sixtus IV. is chosen on the 2d of August XXXII Henry VI. King of Enggland is restor'd by Louis XI and driven away and kill'd quickly after by Edward    Denis Rickel died on the 12th of March aged 69 Years Thomas of Kempis on the 24th of July aged 70 Years and John Soreth on the 25th of the same Month. Henry of Pizo. John Tinctor Flourish'd 1472 II. XXIII  1472.  Conrade of Elten Conrade of Zaberne John of Dorsten Angelus the Saxon Flourish'd John of Gruistrade died February the 12th The Death of Cardinal Bessarion Giles Charlier died the 23d of November 1473 III. XXXIV  1473. A Bull of Sixtus IV. in favour of the Regulars Mendicants The Council of Toledo Martin the Master takes the degree of Dr. in the Faculty of Theology at Paris Robert Gaguin is chosen General of the Order of Trinitarians 1474 IV. XXXV The Death of Henry IV. King of Castile Ferdinand of Arrigon who Married his Daughter Isabel succeeded him  1474. Sixtus IV. puts off the Jubilee for 25 Years  Jerom Sabonarola enters into the Order of Friars Preachers The Death of Alanus de la Roche 1475 V. XXXVI  1475.  Theodorick of Herxen Nicolas of Warhenheim Michael of Milan John Cousin Henry Prudens Flourish'd John of Hagen or of Indagine died about this Year 1476 VI. XXXVII  1476.  John of Circy is chosen General of the Order of Cistercians John Beetz died the 23d of July 1477 VII XXXVIII  1477. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about a Proposition concerning the Trinity The Council of Orleans Robert Fleming wrote a Poem in Commendation of Sixtus IV. John of Circy disputes stoutly against the Commendations of Monasteries in the Council of Orleans and the next Year after in the Council of Tours The Death of James Zenus 1478 VIII XXXIX  1478. A Bull of Sixtus IV which put an end to the Differences between the Parish-Priests and Regulars Mendicants The Council of Tours Dominick de Dominicis died the 17th of February The Death of Heâ—â—y Harphius and Laurence Calcaneus 1479 IX XL.  1479. A Condemnation of the Errors of Peter of Osma at Toledo and at Rome  John Raulin takes the Degree o Doctor of Divinity at Paris The Death of John of Latrie 1480 X. XLL John King of Arragon dies on the 16th of February Ferdinand V his Son succeeds him and unites in his own Person the Kingdoms of Castile and Arragon  1480. The Pope approves the Office of the Conception of the Virgin composed by Bernardin de Bustis  Augustine Patricius Canon of Siena wrote his History of the Councils of Basil and Florence John de Deo Bernandin de Bustis John Picus of Mirandula Peter Shottus John Kimne of Duderstat John Manburne Arnold Bostius or Boschius George Phranâ—a Gabriel Biel. John Baptista Salvis or de Salis Flourish'd John de Indagine died about this Year 1481 XI XLII Alphonsus the King of Portugal dies on the 28th of August John II his Son succeeds him  1481.  Matthias Palmier finish'd his Continuation of the Chronicle of Matthew Palmier Pacificus of Novara Angelus de Clavasio John Baptista Trovanala or Novamala John Losse Charles Fernand. John Fernand. Marfilius Ficinus Wernerus Rolwink of Laer Flourish'd John Baptista Platina died aged 60 Years 1482 XII XLIII  1482. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition about Indulgences  Peter Natalis finish'd his Catalogue of Saints Bernard Aquila Anthony of Baloche Bernardin of Tome Robert Caraccioli Michael of Milan Nicolas of Creutznach Nicasius of Voerde Benedict Capra John Andrew Flourish'd Martin the Master died aged 〈◊〉 Years 1483 XIII XLIV The Death of Louis XI King of France on August 29 Câ—arles VIII his Son succeeds him Edward IV. Ring of England dies Richard III. Duke of Glocester his Brother having put his Nephews to Death usurps the Crown  1483. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John de Angeli about the Hierarchy  Augustine Patricius is made Bishop of Pienza John Trithemius is chosen Abbot of Spanheim The Death of Francis Diede 1484 The Death of Sixtus IV. on August 12. Innocent VIII is chosen on October 29. I. XLV  1484.  The Death of George Melitoris and Henry Prudent 1485 II. XLVI  1485. The Council of Sens. Peter Brutus William of Aix la Chapelle Baptista of Ferrara Flourish'd The Death of Tilman of Ravensburg 1486 III. XLVII Henry of Richmond the Son of John Brother to Henry VI. King of England kill'd Richard Duke of Glocester and by Marrying Elizabeth the Daughter of Edward IV united in his own Person the Rights of the Houses of York and Lancaster to the Crown of England and was the 7th King of England of the Name of Henry  1486. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John Merchant a Friar Minor about St. Francis A Censure of the same Faculties against some Propositions of John Lailier A Petition of Lailier to the Official of Paris A new Censure of the Faculty against Lailier Lailier's Retractation and his Absolution by the Bishop of Paris The Condemnation of Lailier by the Pope A Censure of the same Faculty against some Propositions of Morality  Conrade of Redemberg died
the 25th of December 1487 IV. XLVIII  1487.  Alexander of Imola died aged 54 Years 1488 V. XLIX  1488.   1489 VI. L.  1489. The Approbation of the Order of Nuns of the Conception of the Virgin Mary  Donâ—t Possius finish'd his Chronicle of the Archbishops of Milan The Death of John Wessel aged 57 Years James Picolomini died the 11th of December 1490 VII LI.  1490. A Conclusion of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about Contracts for Usury Another Conclusion of the same Faculty against a Superstitious Prayer Innocent VIII had a mind to impose Tenths upon the Clergy of France but the University of Paris oppos'd him and appeal'd from his Decree  John Pheffer Felinus Sandaeus Stephen Brulefer Vincent of Bandelle John Paleonydorus Oliver Maillard Michael Francis Nicolas Simon James Spinger Henry Institor Flourish'd 1491 VIII LII  1491.  John Picus of Mirandula Renounc'd his Sovereign Power and gave all his Estate to the Poor John de la Pierce Jerom Savonarola Aelius Anthony Lebrixa or Nebrissensis John Francis Picus of Mirandula Dominic Bolan James of Stralem Flourish'd The Death of Peter Shot at the Age of 31 Years The Death of James Perer and of Nicolas Creutznach 1492 The Death of Innocent VIII on the 25th of July Alexander VI. is chosen on the 4th of August I. LIII 1492.   William of Houpelande died the 11th of August and Nicasius of Voerde the 24th Hubert Leonard John of Milbach John of Roseau John Bertram Flourish'd 1493 II. The Death of the Emperor Frederick on the 19th of August Maximilian I. his Son succeeded him  1493. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against Judicial Astrology Other Censures of the same Faculty against some Erroneous Propositions of Henry de Banqueville about the Incarnation and of John Grillot about the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Alexander VI. publish'd a Brief of Absolution for John Picus of Mirandula as to all the Prosecutions that had been against him upon the account of some Propositions he had advanc'd in his Theses  John of Keyserberg Sebastian Ticion or Brant James Wimphelinge Josse Beysselius Giles Netteler Theodorick of Osembruck Jerome of Padua Dominick Mancini Flourish'd 1494 III. II.  1494. The Nuns of the Conception quit the Rule of the Cistercians and take up the Rule of Sancta Clara.  Trithemius finish'd his Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers Nicolas Barian Flourish'd Bernardin of Tome died the 28th of September and John Picus of Mirandula the 17th of November 1495 IV. III. John II. K. of Portugal died without Issue on the 25th of Octob. Emanuel his Cousin-German the Son of Ferdinand his Uncle succeeded him  1495. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions about thè Essence of God  Laurence Buzel Flourish'd The Death of Gabriel Biel of Angelus de Clavalio and Robert Caraccioli 1496 V. IV.  1496.   1497 VI. V.  1497. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about the sense of some Prophecies The same Faculty publishes its Decree about the Immaculate Conception A Censure of this Faculty against many Propositions of Morcel about the Blessed Virgin Mary  John Raulin a Doctor of Paris enters into the Order of Cluny 1498 VII VI. Charles VIII K. of France dies without Issue on the 6th of April Louis XII Duke of Orleans the next Heir of the Male Line succeeded him  1498. A Conclusion of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about the Power of the Pope and the Celebration of a Council A Censure of the same Faculty against many wicked Propositions of John Vitrier a Regular Observantine  Jerom Sabonarola is burnt at Florence the 23d of May aged 46 Years 1499 VIII VII  1499. The Condemnation of Herman Risvich who was Convicted of many Blasphemies  John Nauder or Vergehaus Arnold Bossius died the 4th of April The Death of Marsilius Ficinus A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY AND Of their Genuine WORKS PETER DE LUNA or BENEDICT XIII POpe at Avignon was chosen Pope in 1394 depos'd in 1409 in the Council of Pisa Excommunicated in the Council of Constance in 1417 died in 〈◊〉 His Genuine Works which we now have Are many Letters in Defence of his Right to the Papal Dignity in Theodoric of Niem and in the Councils An Answer to the Emperor Sigismund in Bzovius in the Year 1415. The Bull wherein he Excommunicates those who did own him in the Councils Tome 12. Five Letters in the Councils Tome 2. Some other Bulls and Letters in the Bullarium and the Annalists A Book of Consolation in Adversities which is attributed to him printed in Spanish A Treatise of the Power of the Pope and the Council which is said to be in Manuscript in the Vatican Library ANGELUS CORARIUS or GREGORY XII Pope at Rome was chosen Pope in 1409 depos'd in 1409 in the Council of Pisa resign'd in 1415 in the Council of Constance died in 1417. His Genuine Works c. Letters in his own Defence in the Councils Tome 11 and in Theodoric of Niem Other Letters Ibid. Tome 12 in the Annalists and Bullary PETER of AILLY Cardinal-Bishop of Cambray was born at Complegne in 1350 took the Degree of Doctor in the University of Paris in 1380 was made Bishop of Cambray in 1396 and Cardinal in 1411 died in 1425. His Genuine Works in Print and Manuscript See the Catalogue of them Pag. 58. JOHN CHARLIER call'd GERSON Chancellor of the University of Paris was born the 14th of December in 1363 made Dr. at Paris in 1392. and some time after Chancellor of the Church and University of Paris died in 1439. His Genuine Works which now remain A Treatise of the Ecclesiastical Power and the Origine of Right and Laws A Discourse spoken in the Council of Constance about the Authority of the Pope and the Council A Treatise entituled de Auferibilitate Papae Of the manner how we ought to behave our selves during the Schism A Treatise of the Unity of the Church of the Differences of Ecclesiastical States Maxims for all Estates The Signs of the approaching Ruine of the World Of Ecclesiastical Defects Three Discourses upon the means of putting an End to the Schism of the Popes Two Sermons upon the Circumcision of our Lord and the Peace of the Church A Discourse about the Schism to the Ambassadors of England A Trialogue about the Schism Two Letters about the Schism Sermons Preach'd at Constance while the Council was held there A Declaration of the Truths which we must believe A Protestation or Confession in Matters of Faith Characters of Obstiâ—acy in Cases of Heresie A Treatise upon the Question Whether it be lawful to Appeal from the Decision of the Pope in Matters of Faith Some Pieces about the Deposition of Peter de Luna A Treatise shewing whether the unjust Sentences of Pastors ought to be