Geography Rectified OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD In all its Kingdoms Provinces Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bayes Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures Compared with those at LONDON Illustrated with Seventy six MAPS The Second Edition Inlarged with above Thirty Sheets more in the Description and about Twenty New MAPS The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By ROBERT MORDEN LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and at the Three Legs in the Poultrey over against the Stocks-Market MDCLXXXVIII E. A. Rouse EASTWAY A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book 1 WOrld Fol. 2 EVROPE 10 3 England Scotland and Ireland 14 4 England 17 5 Wales 26 6 Scotland 30 7 Ireland 36 8 Denmark 42 9 Sweden and Norway 54 10 Muscovia c. 60 11 Poland 68 12 Tartary in Europe 76 13 Moldavia Valachia Transilvania 81 14 Hungaria 85 15 Germany 99 16 The Vnited Provinces 140 17 The Spanish Provinces 148 18 France 156 19 Spain 168 20 Portugal 186 21 Italy 190 22 Helvetia or Schwitzerland 193 23 Savoy and Piedmont 201 24 Sicily 221 25 Sclavon Croatia Dalmatia c. 225 26 Servia Bulgaria c. 231 27 Greece 234 28 ASIA 321 29 The Turkish Empire in Asia 325 30 Canaan or the Holy Land 338 31 Cyprus the Isles of Asia Minor 353 32 Turkish Empire in general 362 33 Arabia 366 34 Persia 372 35 Tartaria in Asia 387 36 Empire of the Great Mogul 395 37 India on this side Ganges 403 38 India beyond Ganges 411 39 China 416 40 Japan 420 41 Maldives Islands 428 42 Ceylon 430 43 The Isles of Sonde 434 44 The Philippine Island 436 45 The Molucca Islands 438 46 AFRICA 441 47 Barbary 448 48 Fez and Morocco 450 49 Algier 460 50 Egypt 469 51 Biledulgerid Zaara Guiny c. 483 52 Ethiopia or Habessinia 489 53 Congo c. 492 54 Cafferia Monomotapa 494 55 Zanguebar 497 56 The Isles of Azores 499 57 The Canary-Islands 501 58 Cape Verde Islands 504 59 Madagascar c. 507 60 Malta 510 61 AMERICA 512 62 Magellanica 516 63 Chili and Paraguay 520 64 Brasil 523 65 Amazone Peru Guyana Castella del Or c. 526 66 The Western Islands 534 67 Jamaica 537 68 Barbadoes 541 69 New Spain 546 70 New Mexico 555 71 Florida and the Lakes of Canada 557 72 Carolina 559 73 Virginia and Maryland 561 74 Pensilvania and New Jersey 567 75 New England and New York 576 76 Northw part of America 589 TO HIS Most Worthy and most Honoured Friend Mr. THOMAS GODDARD OF LONDON Merchant SIR HAVING made many Considerable Improvements and Additions to my Geography in this Second Edition I have all the reason in the world to shelter it once more under the Patronage of your Name whose Affairs abroad have not only given You a better Knowledg and Experience of Foreign Parts but whose Encouragement and Bounty next to Divine Goodness have only contributed to its Production which otherwise with its poor Author must have for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown Obscurity and irresistible Poverty The declining therefore the Imputation of Ingratitude is my only Plea and though it may not be pleasing to You yet not to have done it in my Circumstances would have been my just Crime I humbly therefore beg your Goodness will be pleased to add to your former Kindnesses that of passing by the Imperfections of what is offered In excuse of which I can only say That as 't is not the Industry of one Age that can rectifie and compleat the Ataxie of Geography Nor the work of any one man that of Coins Weights and Measures so a well meaning Essay towards both I hope will find a Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious and unprejudiced Reader For I have this I will not say to justifie but to excuse at least my boldness and forwardness that if I had known these things to have been but tolerably performed by others I had neither troubled my Reader nor mis-spent my own time about the Rectification of them wherein although I have again made many Corrections and Amendments yet that I have made good some mens Expectations and freed them from all defects and oversights neither my fears nor my modesty will permit me to be confident of so that knowing this work which I have undertaken is liable to common Censure I am bold to shrowd it under your Protection humbly imploring your kind Reception and Pardon for this my presumption for which and for the excess of many Favours I shall ever pray for the prosperity of You and yours And for ever acknowledg my self Your Most Humble most Faithful and most Obliged Servant Robert Morden To the Reader SO great was the attempt of my first Essay in the publishing of my Geography Rectified that for my heedless presumption I can alledg no excuse unless that the zeal of my love for its Truth so transported my senses as I considered not the weight I undertook And therefore I again crave pardon for the audacity of that attempt Humbly acknowledging a Work of that concernment and difficulty in it self did well deserve the conjunction of many heads and hands and surely more advantageous had it been unto Geography to have fallen into the Endeavours of some able Advancers that might have performed it unto the life and added Authority thereto For I am not ignorant of the discouragement of contradiction of the difficulty of Disswasion from radicated beliefs of what cold requitals some have found in their Redemptions of Truth and how ingenious Discoveries have been dismissed with obliquity and censured with singularity But the kind Reception it found from several Worthy and Learned Gentlemen more especially that Influence that it received from the two most Learned Vniversities of the World Oxford and Cambridg hath once more drawn me upon the Horizon of publick View not as a Master but as a poor Labourer carrying the Carved Stones and the polished Pillars of the more skilful Architects to set them in my mean Fabrick I have indeed laid my building upon other mens foundations for who in this Subject can do otherways Nor do I hold it a Plagiary to say I have used their Richest Jewels to adorn this Work. In excuse whereof give me leave to plead That in all Arguments and Subjects which have been written upon from the infancy of Learning to this Age there hath been a continual strife and emulation amongst Writers to mend supply or methodize whatsoever hath been done before It would be too tedious to reckon up the several Authors on some one Subject being a Truth so obvious as not to need much proof nor is it less apparent that still the latter must needs have a great advantage beyond the former by adding the experience of his own times
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South new-New-England new-New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
in the great Bay. It is the best prepared place to build Navies at easie rates at his Majesties pleasure since they are of late something more choice in their Timber then formerly they were and specially since Ship-Timber is so generally wanting in England and Ireland and the Eastland Oak as some say is so very spungy It carries the most aw and countenance and can best with a little incouragement defend it self against a Foreign assault and is most fit and ready to help and relieve His Majesties other Colonies if such a distress should happen And it is the grand Nursery that breeds and indeed that is found most proper to breed Men in great numbers of resolute bold and lasting courage and all other Creatures in like manner nearest unto those of old England in the World and their Men most fit for Navigation Merchandize or War by Sea or Land. A Description of New York NEw York contains all that Tract of Land which is seated between New England Virginia Mary-Land and the length of which Northward into the Country as it hath not been fully discovered so 't is not certainly known but in general it extends to the Banks of the great River Canada East and West its breadth is accounted two hundred Miles comprehending also that Tract of Land which is betwen Hudson's River and Delaware River called New Jarsey It s principal Rivers are Hudson's River toward the East Raritan River about the middle and Delaware River on the West its chiefest Islands are Long-Island Manahattens-Island and Staten-Island It was so called from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by Grant from his Majesty Anno 1664. Who the same year grants and conveys out of it all that aforesaid Tract of Land and Premises which is between Hudson's River and Delaware River unto John Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret jointly by the name of New Caesarea or New Jarsey So that New York now contains only that part of New England which the Dutch formerly seized and called it the New Netherland and Nova Belgia lying between Hudson â—s and Conecticut Rivers on the Continent with the Islands of Manahatten and Long-Island opposite thereunto Manahattens Island so called by the Indians it lyeth betwixt the Degrees of forty one and forty two North Latitude and is about fourteen Miles long and two broad whose chief place is New York seated upon the South end of the aforesaid Island having a small Arm of the Sea which divides it from Long Island on the Eastside of it which runs Eastward to New England and is Navigable though dangerous Hudson's River runs by New York Northward into the Country toward the Head of which is seated New Albany a place of great Trade with the Indians betwixt which and New York being above one hundred Miles is as good Corn-Land as the World affords enough to entertain hundreds of Families in the time of the Dutch-Government of those Parts At Sopers was kept a Garison but since the reducement of those parts under his Majesties Obedience by the care of the Honourable Colonel Nichol's Deputy to his Highness such a League of Peace was made and Friendship concluded betwixt that Colony and the Indians that they have not resisted or disturbed any Christians there in the setling or peaceable Possession of any Lands with that Government but every Man hath sate under his own Vine and hath peaceably reapt and enjoyed the Fruits of their own labors which God continue New York is built most of Brick and Stone and covered with red and black Tile and the Land being high it gives at a distance a pleasing Aspect to the Spectators The Inhabitants consist most of English and Dutch and have a considerable Trade with the Indians for Bevers Otter Raccoon skins with other Furs as also for Bear Deer and Elk Skins and are supplied with Venison and Fowl in the Winter and Fish in the Summer by the Indians which they buy at an easie rate and having the Country round about them they are continually furnished with all such Provisions as 〈◊〉 needful for the life of Man not only by the English and Dutch within their own but likewise by the Adjacent Colonies The Commodities vented from thence are Furs and Skins before-mentioned as likewise Tobacco made within the Colony as good as is usually made in Mary-land Also Horses Beef Pork Oyl Pease Wheat and the like Long Island the West end of which lies Southward of New York runs Eastward above one hundred Miles and is in some places eight in some twelve in some fourteen Miles broad it is inhabited from one end to the other On the West end are four or five Dutch Towns the rest being all English to the number of twelve besides Villages and Farm-houses The Island is most of it of a very good Soil and very natural for all sorts of English Grain which they sow and have very good increase of besides all other Fruits and Herbs common in England as also Tobacco Hemp Flax Pumpkins Melons c. There are several Navigable Rivers and Bays which put into the Northside of Long Island but upon the Southside which joyns to the Sea it is so fortified with Bars of Sands and sholes that it is a sufficient defence against any Enemy yet the Southside is not without Brooks and Rivulets which empty themselves into the Sea yea you shall scarce travel a Mile but you shall meet with one of them whose Christal Streams run so swift that they purge themselves of such stinking Mud and Filth which the standing or low-paced Streams of most Brooks and Rivers Westward of this Colony leave lying and are by the Suns exhalation dissipated the Air corrupted and many Fevers and other Distempers occasioned not incident to this Colony Neither do the Brooks and Rivulets premised give way to the Frost in Winter or Drought in Summer but keep their course throughout the year Towards the middle of Long Island lyeth a Plain sixteen Miles long and four broad upon which Plain grows very fine Grass that makes exceeding good Hay and is very good Pasture for the Sheep or other Cattel where you shall find neither stick nor stone to hinder the Horse Heels or endanger them in their Races and once a year the best Horses in the Island are brought hither to try their swiftness and the swiftest rewarded with a Silver Cup two being annually procured for that purpose There are two or three other small Plains of about a Mile square which are no small benefit to those Towns which enjoy them Upon the Southside of Long Island in the Winter lie store of Whales and Grampusses which the Inhabitants begin with small Boats to make a Trade catching to their no small benefit Also an innumerable multitude of Seals which make an excellent Oyl they lie all the Winter upon small broken Marshes and Beaches or Bars of Sand beforementioned and might be easily got were here some skilful Men would
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
Title Counties or Shires Titles Cities and Towns. Latitude Com Dist Me. Dist M T. P. M Par. Con. Old Names  Bedfordshire E. Bedford 51 8 40 94 9 4 116 Bedfordia E. Barkshire  Reading 41 23 32 60 1â— 9 140 Readingum  Bâ—ckinghamsa D.M. Buckingham 52 00 44 40 15 4 185 Buckingamia  Cambridgshire E. Cambridg * 52 15 44 52 7 6 163 Camboritum    Ely B. C. 52 26 57 68    Eliâ— Â Cheshire C. P.  Chester B. C. 53 17 140 182 1â— 4 68 Deva D. Corâ—wal  Launceston 50 49 175 210 â—â— 44 161 Lanstaphadonia    Trâ—ro 50 27 211 263     D. Cumberland E. Carlile B. C. 54 59 229 â—01 16 6 58 Luguvallum  Dâ—â—byshire S. â—arby 52 58 98 1â—â— 12 4 106 Derbia E. Devonshire E. Exeter B. C. 50 4â— 140 172    Isca Damiâ—â—orum   Z. Plymouâ—â— 50 â—â— 184 â—1â— 4â— â—â— 35◠〈◊〉 E. Dorsetshire â— Dorchester â—â— 41 100 1â—3 â—â— â—â— â—â— Dâ—â—â—n  Dâ—â—ham  Darnam B. C. 54 49 20â— â—â— â— â— 6â— Dâ—â—lâ—â—n E. Essex V. C Colchester 51 â—â— 44 â—â— â—â— â— 415 Colonia    Chelmsford 51 47 25 â—â— Â Â Â Canoniâ—m  Glocestersâ— D. Glocester B.C. 51 54 â—3 1â—5 â—â— 8 180 Cleram  Hartfordshire  Hartford 51 49 20 21 1â— â— 1â—â— Hartfordâ— Â Â E. St. Albons 51 45 20 21    Verâ—lâ—miâ— Â Hampshire M. Winchester C. B. 51 3 54 67 20 26 24â— Venta Pâ—lâ—â—rum   ◠Southampton 50 5â— â—2 â—5    Clauâ—â—nâ—â—a  Herefordâ—hire V. C. Hereford B C. 51 8 102 130 8 8 176 Herefordia E. Hantingtoâ—â—â— E. Hentington 52 10 48 5â— 6 4 71 Hantingdonia E. Kent A. B. Canterbury C. â—â— 19 4â— â—7 28 â—0 â—â—â— Daroâ—ernam   E. Rochester B. 51 24 2â— â—â— Â Â Â Râ—fa  Lancashire C. P.  Lancaster â—4 27 187 2â—2 2â— 14 61 Longoâ—â—is   E. Manchester â—â— 35 1â—7 1â—â— Â Â Â Mancunium  Leicestershire E. Leicester 52 40 7â— 9â— 1â— 4 2â—0 Rhagae  Lincolnshire E. Lincoln 53 15 102 1â—â— â—1 12 631 Lindum E. Middlesex  London B. C. 51 31 0 0 5 8 73 Londinum    Westminster 51 â—0 1 1    Vestmonasteriâ—m D. Monmouth  Monmouth 51 52 100 127 7 3 156 Monumetia D. Norfolk  Norwich B. C. 52 42 90 108 34 12 625 Norâ—â—um   E. Yarmouth 52 44 100 122    Gariannâ—rum E. Northampton E. Peterborough BC 52 35 62 76 13 9 326 Petroburgum   F. Northampton 52 10 54 66    Antona Borealis D. Northandâ—â—and D M E Newcastle 55 1 212 276 11 8 40 Gabrosentum E. Nottingham E. Nottingham 52 59 96 112 9 8 168 Nottinghamia  Oxfordshire F. Oxford B. C. 51 46 47 59 12 10 208 Oxonium F. Rutland  Oâ—â—hâ—m 52 42 74 94 2 12 47 Uxocona  Shropshire F. Shrewsbury 52 46 124 157    Salopia    Ludlow 52 27 105 136 16 12 170 Ludloâ— D. Somersetshire E Bristol C. B. 51 28 94 115    Bristolium   E. Bath B. C. 51 23 87 96 34 18 385 Aâ—pâ—e Calidae E. Staffordshire F. Litchfield B.C. 52 45 94 118 19 9 1â—0 Lichfâ—ldia E.   Stafford 52 53 104 133    Staffordia  Suffolk V. C. Ipswich 52 10 60 68 30 15 464 Gippevicum E.   Bary 52 20 60 66    Villa Faâ—stini  Surâ—y F. Guilford 51 12 25 30 11 14 140 Neomagus   E. Kingston 50 23 10 12    Regiopolis E. Sussex E. Chichester B. C. 50 48 50 63 17 26 312 Cicestria  Warwickshire E. Warwick 52 20 67 90 15 6 158 Praesidium   E. Coventry B. C. 52 28 74 92    Conventria E. Westmorland  Kendal 54 23 203 258 8 â— 26 Concangium  Wâ—â—ashire E. Salisbury B. C. 51 3 70 8â— 21 34 804 Sorbiodunum    Wilton 51 4 73 86      Worcestershire M.E. Worcester B.C. 52 18 85 112 11 9 152 Bannogenium  Yorkshire D. York A B. C. 53 58 150 192 58 30 563 Eboracum   D. Richmond 54 24 185 40    Richmondia THE better Part of the best Island in the whole Earth anciently together with Scotland as was said before called Great Britain and sometimes Albion was by Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxon advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy who having with prosperous Arms subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy stiled himself the first Monarch and commanded this South Part of Britain should be called Angle or Engle-lâ—nd from the Angles a people of the lower Saxons of whom he was descended by the French Angleterre by the Germans Englandt and by the Inhabitants England It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles and from Dover in the East to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the West about 328 of the same Miles whereof 73 make a Degree In Compass about 1300 Miles in Shape Triangular and by computation contains about 30 Millions of Acres being about the Thousandth part of the Globe and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Earth England was in the time of the Romans divided into Britania Prima Britania Secunda and Maxima Caesariensis the first of these contained the South Part of England the second all the Western Part now called Wales and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent After the Britans had received the Christian Faith they divided the same into three Provinces or Archbishopricks viz. of London which contained that of Britania Prima of York which contained that of Maxima Caesariensis of Caerlion under which was Britania Secunda But afterwards the Saxons divided it into Seven Kingdoms as aforesaid At present England according to its Respect of Church and State is subject to a fourfold division First into two Provinces or Archbishopricks Canterbury and York and under these are 22 Bishops or Episcopal Diocesses of which Canterbury hath 21 therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England and that of York three Then there are Deanries 60 Arch Deanries Prebendaries and other Dignities 544 with 9725 Parochial Benefices and Vicaridges besides of good Competency for the Encouragement of the Clergy who for ability of Learning are not to be parallel'd in the World. A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England Wales with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and the Number of Parishes and Impropriations that are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Countries under each of their Jurisdictions Par. in Dioces Imp. Dioc Canterbury Hath Canterbury and part of Kent besides peculiar in the Diocess of Canterbury 257 140 57 14 York Hath
the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
Country In the Kingdom of Tunquin at Siam in the Island of Java and in other places The Spaniards possess the largest and best part of all America where they have a great number of Cities 1. In Northern America New Spain where are the Parliaments of Mexico Guadalaira and Guatimala the Islands of Cuba Hispaniola Boriquen c. besides St. Austins and St. Matthews in Florida and some part of New Mexico In the Southern America the Golden Castile otherwise call'd the Continent where are the Parliaments of Panama and of the New Kingdom of Granada Peru where are the Parliaments of Quito Lima and de la Plata Chili and Paraguay which comprehends the Country of Tucuman and de la Plata The Islands also of Solomon in the South Sea. 3. All along the Coast of Africa upon the Sea-shore Larache Mahamore and the Canaries 4. Toward the East most part of the Phillipine Islands otherwise call'd the Manilles They had also some part of the Molucques but these they have long since quitted The Portugueses enjoy all the Coast of Brasil in Southern America and all along upon that Coast the Captainships of Para Maranhaon Ciara Rio Grande Paraiba Tamaraca Pernambuco Seregippe Baia de Todos los Santos Los Isleos Porto Seguro Spirito Santo Rio Janeiro San Vincente Toward the mouths of the Amazon River Estero Corduba and Cogemine 2. In Africa upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Morocco Mazagan Some Forts upon the River St. Dominic Upon the Coasts of Guiny Congo and Angola and certain Habitations in the Island of St. Thomas The Acores Madera and Porto Santo The Islands of Cape Verd and of the Prince Fernando Poo Annabon c. 3. Several places in the East-Indies viz. Cafreria upon the Coast of Monamotopa the Castle of Sofala the Village of Sena a Factory with a little Fort at Cape Corientes with other strong Houses upon the Entries of Guama and the Rivers upon the Coast In Zanguebar which is upon the Coast of Melinda The City and Castle of Mozambique with the strong Fort of St. Mark Factories and some little Forts at Angoxa and Quilimarre The Castle of Quiloa and a Factory in the Island Monfia The City and Castle of Mombaze the Castle of Melinda with the Villages and Factories of Pale and Ampaze The Trade of the Coast of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to the Red-Sea In the Island Zocotora at Aden Fartach and Balsara In Persia Factories and half the Customs of the Island of Baharem and Congue the Traffick to Benderrich to Cape Jasques and other places In India belonging to the Great Mogul Damaon with the Forts of St. John Kielme Matri and Barampor Becaim the Fort Bandera otherwise call'd Manora the Village of Tana fortified with three Bastions the Rock of Asterim Ougueli upon the Ganges the Trade of Agra Amadabat Cambaye Surat Baroche Bengala and in Decan they have Chaul with the Forts of Morro Caranga the Village of Massagan Goa with her Fortresses in the Country of Bardes and the Islands of Coran and Divar and some other Lands about Goa Upon the Coast of China Macao In the Island Solor the Village and Fort of Larentoque the Traffick of Persia Golconda Aracan Pegu Tanacerin Ligor Odia and other Places of Siam Camboya and the Island of Timor The English have extraordinarily augmented their Territories in America They Trade to and Possess all the Northwest part of America New-York New-Jersey Pensilvania Mary-Land Virginia Carolina new-New-England most part of the Isle of New-found-land all Bermudas Long-Island Manhatten now new-New-York c. Of the Lucaya Isles as New-Providence c. Among the Southward Isles Barbadoes Barbouda Anguilla part of St. Christophers Montferrat Meuvis Antigo Dominico and part of St. Vincent St. Katherine's Isle called the Island of Providence Jamaica and Trinity Isle The Holy Point They had some Colonies in Surinam Maroni Sinamari c. with some Forts upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Tangier near the Streights Fort St. Andrew upon the River of Gambia Fort St. Philip toward the River St. Dominico Tagrin Madrebomba Taxorari Cape Corso Emacham or Naschange and other places in Guinia and the Island of St. Hellens Madrespatan and Fort St. George upon the Coast of Cormandel The Island of Bombay Angediva A Factory at Surratt and Bantam with Houses where the Presidents live They have also Factories at Ispahan and Gombru where they have half the Customs a Trade at Agra Amadabat Cambaya Brodra Baroche Dabul Pettapoli Maslipatan at Balasor Oguely and at Daca in Bengal at Prianam and Jamby in Sumatra In Siam Camboya Tunquin and the Island Formosa The Hollanders were expelled out of their New-Holland in America However they still possess the Islands of St. Eustace Saba Curacco where they have the Fort Amsterdam and Tobago or New Flushing if not lately beaten out by the French. The City of Coro upon the firm Land. The Colonies of Rio Poumaron where there is the New City of Middleburg and the Fort Nova Hollandia Rio Esequebe a wide and great River at whose mouth lyeth three great Islands viz. Lugewaen Magrieten and Parrats Island Higher up the River are seven other Islands and further up the River is the Fort Kiick-over-all Rio Demarary and River Barbiezos The Colony of Soronam where is the Fort Pamaribo The River Caperwaca or Aperruvaca and the River Winypoco or Waiapoco and other places upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Arguin and Goree toward Cape Verd where they have a Fort and Factories at Rufisque at Porto d' Alé and Joal St. George of the Mine the Fort of the Mine the Fort of Nassau or Mouré Cormentin Axime and Botrou in Guiny upon the Gold Coast Many Forts in Congo c. at the Cape of Good Hope and at Table Bay two Forts more In the Islands of Madagascar and St. Maurice Upon the Coast of Malabar Onor Barcelor Mangalor Cananor Cranganor Cochin Coulan Upon the Coast of Cormandel Tuticorin Negapatan Karkalle and Gueldres near Pallecate In the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges Malacca with the Forts and Islands belonging to it In the Island of Ceylon Negombo Colombo Galle Baticalo Trinquilimaly Jafnipatan and a Fortress called Blakenburg in the Island of Mamar In the Island of Java Jacatra called Batavia and its Dependencies The Isle Amsterdam Leyden Middleburgh Delft Encbysen and Horn. The Isle of Bima part of the Molucca Islands In Ternate the Forts Tacomma Talucco Malaya and Gammalamme In Motir the Fort of Nassau In Machian Taffaso Tabilolla Naflaquia otherwise Nahaca and Maurice In Bachian Gammadore and Laboiia In Gilolo Sabou and Coma. In the Island of Amboyna Coubella and Lovio In the Banda Islands Nassaw and Belgia in Nera and Revenge in Powleway The Redoubt Hittow in the Isle Hittow In the Island of Solor Fort Henry Fort Janpaudam otherwise called Roterdam near the City of Macassar The Islands of Savo and Bocon near Macassar with another Fort in Timor Part of
water'd with Rivers and Lakes full of Fish Pity it is that so noble an Island and so populous should continue so long uncivilized and corrupted with Mahumetism and Heathenism and estranged from God and Virtue and seated so advantageously for Traffick with all the World. They transport from thence Rice Hides Wax Gums Christal Steel Copper Ebony and Woods of several sorts Among the Natives there are both Blacks and Whites generally Strong Active and Couragious delighted with Sports and Novelties Hunting Hawking Fishing and Dancing are their Recreations Nature abhorring cruelty instructs them to punishâ—â—â—ther with Death Adultery with publick Shame These with Banishment Ignorant they are in Agriculture and Learning for to them Nil scire nihil Jucundius There are in Madagascar a great number of particular Lords who bear the Title of Rohandrians who are continually at War among themselves for their Cattle The English Portugals and Hollanders have sometimes set footing there The English in the Bay of St. Augustin and at Port del Gada The Portugals in the Bay of Gallions The Hollanders in the Bay of Antongil But since the erecting Fort Dauphine the French have assum'd to themselves all the Eastern and Southern part of the Isle Madagascar sits as Empress amongst many smaller Islands which do as it were inviron and defend her The Chief whereof are the Isle Burbon otherwise called Mascarenhas twenty five Leagues long and fourteen broad it belongs at this day wholly to the French. In this Island there is a Mountain that vomits Fire but the rest of the Land is the best and most pleasant in the World for the Waters are very wholesome and there are most of the Commodities which are in the Island of Madagascar This is also call'd by our Sea-men Englands Forest The other Islands are Mauritius or Cerne where the Variation was twenty four Degrees and nineteen Minutes teste Herbert An Island abounding with and capable of all things requisite for the necessary use of Man in circuit about one hundred English Miles The Air good the Soil luxuriant in Grass Herbs and Flowers replenished with Trees of several sorts especially with Ebony Cocos and the Palm Tree Saint Apolonia and others the Names and Situations whereof you may see in the Map. Nine Leagues from Madagascar lie the Sholes or Baixos d' India memorably dangerous for Shipwracks as are also John de Nova and Primero or St. Christopher upon the Baixos d' Pracel The Isles of Chumro are four viz. Chumro Motilla where the Variation was sixteen Degrees and twenty Minutes Joanna and Mayotta MALTHA by Rob. Morden MAltha seated almost in the middle of the Mediterranean was formerly call'd Melita from its plenty of Hony. It is said to belong to Africa as being nearer to that Coast than the Coast of Europe and for that the Maltesi partake more of the Customs and Manners of the Africans than of the Europeans The Island had formerly the same Lords as Sicily Now it is the Residence of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem under one Prince whom they call the Grand Master the Patron of the Order The Emperor Charles the Fifth gave it to the Knights who had no certain Residence after the loss of Rhodes having formerly resided at Jerusalem Margat Acra and Limisso in the Island of Cyprus The Order is compos'd of eight Languagues Provinc Auvergne France Italy Aragon England Germany and Castile The three Languages of France have three hundred Commanderies but the rest of the five altogether have no more The name of Knights was not in use at the beginning of the Institution being then call'd the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem The Soyl of the Island which is not above two Foot deep produces Cuminseed Anniseseed and Cotton Wool here is but little Corn and Wine so that Sicily supplies that defect The Island is not above twenty three Miles in length and twelve broad It is the best fortifi'd place in the World as being the Bulwark of Christendom there being above three hundred Canons mounted upon all her Fortresses The Roses of Maltha contend for sweetness with those of Paestam and the Hony with that of Hybla or Hymettus The Air is clear and healthful and the Inhabitants live long The New City Valetta is fortified with impregnable Walls and Bulworks There are also three other considerable Towns viz. the Isola or the Town Senglea with the Fort of St. Michael which for its stout resistance it made in 1565 against the Turks obtained the Name of Citta Invitta The other the Borgo del Castello a Mare guarded with the Castle St. Angelo for its Valor and Fidelity against the Ottoman Army 1569 was honoured with the Title of Citta Vittoriosa Lastly the Old City called Milita now Citta Notabile about the middle of the Island To which we may add about thirty or forty great Casales or Villages and twenty six Parish Churches the number of Inhabitants according to a Survey taken 1632 were 50112 of which about ¼ may be now accounted fighting Men. The number of Knights are said to be between two or three thousand And the number of Slaves about two thousand belonging to the Order besides three hundred to private Persons besides those in the Gallies The Great Master of the Order is now Prince and Chief Governor of the whole Island and the Island now is in a very flourishing condition so that few Subjects live more happily Gozo of old Gaulos a little Island near to Maltha affords Wheat and other Grain and the Grand Master is call'd Prince thereof It maintains about three thousand Persons and about five hundred Houses in the year 1565 the Turkish Armata most inhumanly wasted it and carried away six thousand Prisoners Between Maltha and Gozo lies a little Island called Comino Hâ—phaestia of old guarded with a Fort opposite to that in Gozo And to the young Knights whose valor deserves reward he gives the Title of Prince of Forfolo which is a Rock not far from the Coast AMERICA AMERICA By R. Morden THIS fourth and last part of the World is call'd the New World new for its last discovery World for its greatness 't is likewise commonly but improperly termed America and often the West Indies what kind of Country it is and what it produceth we now do know in part but shall know better in future Ages This great part of the Earth was unknown to the Europeans until the year 1492 when it pleased Divine Providence God having promised that his Gospel should be preached to all Nations to stir up one Christopher Colon alias Columbus a Genoese who whether by considering the motion of the Sun he did persuade himself that there was another World to which that glorious Planet did Communicate both its Light and Heat when it went from us or whether he was informed of it from Alonso Zanches we know not certain it is this World he purposed to seek after and opening his design to the State of Genoa
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâ—d equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâ—tias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâ—to de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and